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<span>Attestations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Attestations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Attestations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Attestations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poetic_Edda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetic_Edda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Poetic Edda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetic_Edda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prose_Edda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prose_Edda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Prose Edda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prose_Edda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swedish_folklore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swedish_folklore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Swedish folklore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swedish_folklore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Theories</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Theories-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Theories subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beowulf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beowulf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span><i>Beowulf</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beowulf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hair_as_wheat_and_potential_cognates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hair_as_wheat_and_potential_cognates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hair as wheat and potential cognates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hair_as_wheat_and_potential_cognates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rowan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rowan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Rowan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rowan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lokasenna_accusations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lokasenna_accusations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span><i>Lokasenna</i> accusations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lokasenna_accusations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identity_of_Sif's_first_husband" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identity_of_Sif's_first_husband"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Identity of Sif's first husband</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identity_of_Sif's_first_husband-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sif</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CF%86" title="Σιφ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σιφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%81_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3)" title="سیف (اسطوره نورس) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیف (اسطوره نورس)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siv" title="Siv – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Siv" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif_(d%C3%A9esse)" title="Sif (déesse) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sif (déesse)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%ED%94%84" title="시프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A3_(%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)" title="סיף (מיתולוגיה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיף (מיתולוגיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siva" title="Siva – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Siva" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siv%C4%97" title="Sivė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sivė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81" title="سف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B4" title="シヴ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シヴ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siv_(mytologi)" title="Siv (mytologi) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Siv (mytologi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudinna_Siv" title="Gudinna Siv – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gudinna Siv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif_(mitologia)" title="Sif (mitologia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sif (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%84_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Сиф (богиня) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сиф (богиня)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siv" title="Siv – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Siv" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siv_(mytologi)" title="Siv (mytologi) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Siv (mytologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%84" title="Сіф – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сіф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sif" title="Sif – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sif" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%8A%99" title="希芙 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="希芙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q211613#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Norse goddess, wife of Thor</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sif_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sif (disambiguation)">Sif (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sif_Was_Queen_of_the_Fields.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sif_Was_Queen_of_the_Fields.jpg/220px-Sif_Was_Queen_of_the_Fields.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sif_Was_Queen_of_the_Fields.jpg/330px-Sif_Was_Queen_of_the_Fields.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sif_Was_Queen_of_the_Fields.jpg/440px-Sif_Was_Queen_of_the_Fields.jpg 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="741" /></a><figcaption>The goddess Sif holds her long, golden hair while grain grows behind her in an illustration from 1897</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>, <b>Sif</b> is a golden-haired <a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">goddess</a> associated with earth. Sif is attested in the <i><a href="/wiki/Poetic_Edda" title="Poetic Edda">Poetic Edda</a></i>, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Prose_Edda" title="Prose Edda">Prose Edda</a></i>, written in the 13th century by <a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Snorri Sturluson</a>, and in the poetry of <a href="/wiki/Skald" title="Skald">skalds</a>. In both the <i>Poetic Edda</i> and the <i>Prose Edda</i>, she is known for her golden hair and is married to the thunder god <a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a>. </p><p>The <i>Prose Edda</i> recounts that Sif once had her hair <a href="/wiki/Shorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorn">shorn</a> by <a href="/wiki/Loki" title="Loki">Loki</a>, and that Thor forced Loki to have a golden headpiece made for Sif, resulting in not only Sif's golden tresses but also five other objects for other gods. Sif is also named in the <i>Prose Edda</i> as the mother of <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0r" title="Þrúðr">Þrúðr</a> (by Thor) and <a href="/wiki/Ullr" title="Ullr">Ullr</a>. </p><p>Scholars have proposed that Sif's hair may represent fields of <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">golden wheat</a>, that she may be associated with fertility, family, wedlock and/or that she is connected to <a href="/wiki/Rowan" title="Rowan">rowan</a>, and that there may be an allusion to her role or possibly her name in the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> poem <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Sif</i> is the singular form of the plural <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> word <i lang="non"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sifjar#Old_Norse" class="extiw" title="wikt:sifjar">sifjar</a></i>. <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Sifjar</i></span> only appears in singular form when referring to the goddess as a proper noun. <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Sifjar</i></span> is cognate to the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <i lang="ang"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sibb#Old_English" class="extiw" title="wikt:sibb">sibb</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">modern English</a> <i lang="en"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sib#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:sib">sib</a></i> (meaning "affinity, connection, by marriage") and in other Germanic languages: <a href="/wiki/Gothic_language" title="Gothic language">Gothic</a> <span lang="got"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0#Gothic" class="extiw" title="wikt:𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰">𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰</a></span> (<span title="Gothic-language text"><i lang="got-Latn">sibja</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> <i lang="goh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sippa#Old_High_German" class="extiw" title="wikt:sippa">sippa</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">modern German</a> <i lang="de"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sippe#German" class="extiw" title="wikt:Sippe">Sippe</a></i>. <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Sifjar</i></span> appears not only in ancient poetry and records of law, but also in compounds (<span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/byggja#Old_Norse" class="extiw" title="wikt:byggja">byggja</a> sifjar</i></span> means "to marry").<sup id="cite_ref-VIGFUSSON526_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VIGFUSSON526-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using this etymology, scholar <a href="/wiki/John_Lindow" title="John Lindow">John Lindow</a> gives the meanings "in-law-relationship", scholar Andy Orchard provides "relation", and scholar <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Simek" title="Rudolf Simek">Rudolf Simek</a> gives "relation by marriage".<sup id="cite_ref-MODERNSCHOLARSETYMOLOGY_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MODERNSCHOLARSETYMOLOGY-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attestations">Attestations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Attestations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetic_Edda">Poetic Edda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Poetic Edda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In stanza 48 of the <i>Poetic Edda</i> poem <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1rbar%C3%B0slj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Hárbarðsljóð">Hárbarðsljóð</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_names_of_Odin" title="List of names of Odin">Hárbarðr</a> (<a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a>, father of Thor, in disguise) meets <a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a> at an <a href="/wiki/Inlet" title="Inlet">inlet</a> of a gulf. The two engage in <a href="/wiki/Flyting" title="Flyting">flyting</a>, and Hárbarðr refuses to <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferry</a> Thor across the bay. Among numerous other insults, Hárbarðr claims that Sif has a lover at home. In response, Thor says that Hárbarðr is speaking carelessly "of what seems worst to me" and also lying.<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON75_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON75-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lokasenna_by_Lorenz_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lokasenna_by_Lorenz_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg/220px-Lokasenna_by_Lorenz_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lokasenna_by_Lorenz_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg/330px-Lokasenna_by_Lorenz_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lokasenna_by_Lorenz_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg/440px-Lokasenna_by_Lorenz_Fr%C3%B8lich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="1121" /></a><figcaption><i>Lokasenna</i> (1895) by <a href="/wiki/Lorenz_Fr%C3%B8lich" title="Lorenz Frølich">Lorenz Frølich</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In stanzas 53 and 54 of the poem <i><a href="/wiki/Lokasenna" title="Lokasenna">Lokasenna</a></i>, after pouring Loki a crystal cup of <a href="/wiki/Mead" title="Mead">mead</a> during his series of insults towards the gods, Sif states that there is nothing Loki can say only in regard to her. In response, <a href="/wiki/Loki" title="Loki">Loki</a> claims that Sif has had an affair with him: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p><i>Then Sif went forward and poured out mead for Loki into a crystal cup and said:</i><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">Welcome now, Loki, and take the crystal cup</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">full of ancient mead,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">you should admit, that of the children of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Æsir</a>,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">that I alone am blameless.</span><br /> <br /> <i>He took the horn and drank it down:</i><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">That indeed you would be, if you were so,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">if you were shy and fierce towards men;</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">I alone know, as I think I do now,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">your lover beside Thor,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">and that was the wicked Loki.<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON93_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON93-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Sif does not respond, and the exchange turns to <a href="/wiki/Beyla" title="Beyla">Beyla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON94_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON94-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sif is additionally mentioned in two kennings found in poems collected in the <i>Poetic Edda</i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Hymiskvi%C3%B0a" title="Hymiskviða">Hymiskviða</a></i> (where Thor is referred to as the "Husband of Sif" thrice<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON78-80-82_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON78-80-82-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Erymskvi%C3%B0a" title="Þrymskviða">Þrymskviða</a></i> (where Thor is once referred to as "Husband of Sif"<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON100_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON100-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prose_Edda">Prose Edda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prose Edda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:How_loki_wrought_mischief_in_Asgard_by_Willy_Pogany.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/How_loki_wrought_mischief_in_Asgard_by_Willy_Pogany.png/220px-How_loki_wrought_mischief_in_Asgard_by_Willy_Pogany.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/How_loki_wrought_mischief_in_Asgard_by_Willy_Pogany.png/330px-How_loki_wrought_mischief_in_Asgard_by_Willy_Pogany.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/How_loki_wrought_mischief_in_Asgard_by_Willy_Pogany.png/440px-How_loki_wrought_mischief_in_Asgard_by_Willy_Pogany.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption><i>How Loki wrought mischief on Asgard</i> (1920) by <a href="/wiki/Willy_Pogany" title="Willy Pogany">Willy Pogany</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_third_gift_%E2%80%94_an_enormous_hammer_by_Elmer_Boyd_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/The_third_gift_%E2%80%94_an_enormous_hammer_by_Elmer_Boyd_Smith.jpg/250px-The_third_gift_%E2%80%94_an_enormous_hammer_by_Elmer_Boyd_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/The_third_gift_%E2%80%94_an_enormous_hammer_by_Elmer_Boyd_Smith.jpg/330px-The_third_gift_%E2%80%94_an_enormous_hammer_by_Elmer_Boyd_Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/The_third_gift_%E2%80%94_an_enormous_hammer_by_Elmer_Boyd_Smith.jpg/340px-The_third_gift_%E2%80%94_an_enormous_hammer_by_Elmer_Boyd_Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption><i>The third gift – an enormous hammer</i> (1902) by <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Boyd_Smith" title="Elmer Boyd Smith">Elmer Boyd Smith</a>. The bottom right corner depicts the ship <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%AD%C3%B0bla%C3%B0nir" title="Skíðblaðnir">Skíðblaðnir</a> "afloat" Sif's new hair.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <i>Prose Edda</i>, Sif is mentioned once in the <a href="/wiki/Prologue_(Prose_Edda)" title="Prologue (Prose Edda)">Prologue</a>, in chapter 31 of <i><a href="/wiki/Gylfaginning" title="Gylfaginning">Gylfaginning</a></i>, and in <i><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A1ldskaparm%C3%A1l" title="Skáldskaparmál">Skáldskaparmál</a></i> as a guest at <a href="/wiki/%C3%86gir" title="Ægir">Ægir</a>'s feast, the subject of a jötunn's desire, as having her hair shorn by Loki, and in various kennings. </p><p>Sif is introduced in chapter three of the <a href="/wiki/Prologue_(Prose_Edda)" title="Prologue (Prose Edda)">Prologue section</a> of the <i>Prose Edda</i>; Snorri's <a href="/wiki/Euhemerism" title="Euhemerism">euhemerized</a> account of the origins of <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>. Snorri states that Thor married Sif, and that she is known as "a prophetess called <a href="/wiki/Sibyl" title="Sibyl">Sibyl</a>, though we know her as Sif".<sup id="cite_ref-BYOCK6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BYOCK6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sif is further described as "the loveliest of women" and with hair of gold.<sup id="cite_ref-BYOCK6_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BYOCK6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he lists her own ancestors as unknown, Snorri writes that Thor and Sif produced a son by the name of <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3ri%C3%B0i" class="mw-redirect" title="Lóriði">Lóriði</a>, who "took after his father".<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In chapter 31 of the <i>Prose Edda</i> book <i>Gylfaginning</i>, Ullr is referred to as a son of Sif and a stepson of Thor (though his father is not mentioned): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Ull is the name of one. The son of Sif, he is the stepson of Thor. He is so skillful a bowman and skier that no one can compete with him. He is beautiful to look at, and is an accomplished warrior. He is also a good person to pray to when in single combat.<sup id="cite_ref-BYOCK38_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BYOCK38-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>As reported in the <i>Prose Edda</i> book <i>Skáldskaparmál</i>, Thor once engages in a duel with <a href="/wiki/Hrungnir" title="Hrungnir">Hrungnir</a>, there described as the strongest of the <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunn" title="Jötunn">jötnar</a>. Prior to this, Hrungnir had been drunkenly boasting of his desire to, amongst other things, kill all of the gods except <a href="/wiki/Freyja" title="Freyja">Freyja</a> and Sif, whom he wanted to take home with him. However, at the duel, Hrungnir is quickly killed by the enraged Thor.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES77-79_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES77-79-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further in <i>Skáldskaparmál</i>, Snorri relates a story where Loki cuts off Sif's hair as a prank. When Thor discovers this, he grabs hold of Loki, resulting in Loki swearing to have a headpiece made of gold to replace Sif's locks. Loki fulfills this promise by having a headpiece made by <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(Germanic_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwarf (Germanic mythology)">dwarfs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Ivaldi" title="Sons of Ivaldi">Sons of Ivaldi</a>. Along with the headpiece, the dwarfs produced Odin's spear, <a href="/wiki/Gungnir" title="Gungnir">Gungnir</a>. As the story progresses, the incident leads to the creation of the ship <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%AD%C3%B0bla%C3%B0nir" title="Skíðblaðnir">Skíðblaðnir</a> and the boar <a href="/wiki/Gullinbursti" title="Gullinbursti">Gullinbursti</a> for <a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a>, the multiplying ring <a href="/wiki/Draupnir" title="Draupnir">Draupnir</a> for Odin, and the mighty hammer <a href="/wiki/Mj%C3%B6llnir" class="mw-redirect" title="Mjöllnir">Mjöllnir</a> for Thor.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES96-97_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES96-97-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sif also appears in <i>Skáldskaparmál</i> listed as a <a href="/wiki/Heiti" title="Heiti">heiti</a> for "earth",<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES160_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES160-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> appears in a kenning for a gold-keeping woman,<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES115_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES115-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and once for <a href="/wiki/Hildr" title="Hildr">Hildr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES123_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES123-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poetic means of referring to Sif calling her "wife of Thor", "mother of Ullr", "the fair-haired deity", "rival of <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1rnsaxa" title="Járnsaxa">Járnsaxa</a>", and as "mother of Þrúðr".<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES86_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES86-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swedish_folklore">Swedish folklore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Swedish folklore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>19th-century scholar <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Grimm" title="Jacob Grimm">Jacob Grimm</a> records that in his time residents of <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rmland" title="Värmland">Värmland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> "call[ed] Thor's wife <i>godmor</i>, good mother."<sup id="cite_ref-GRIMM1364_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIMM1364-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theories">Theories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Theories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sif_by_Dollman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sif_by_Dollman.jpg/250px-Sif_by_Dollman.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sif_by_Dollman.jpg/330px-Sif_by_Dollman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sif_by_Dollman.jpg/500px-Sif_by_Dollman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1865" data-file-height="2750" /></a><figcaption><i>Sif</i> (1909) by <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Dollman" title="John Charles Dollman">John Charles Dollman</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beowulf"><i>Beowulf</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Beowulf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a>, <i>sib</i> ("family") is cognate with Old Norse <i>Sif</i> and <i>sif</i>. In the Old English poem <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i> (lines 2016 to 2018), <a href="/wiki/Hro%C3%B0gar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hroðgar">Hroðgar</a>'s wife, <a href="/wiki/Wealh%C3%BEeow" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealhþeow">Wealhþeow</a>, moves through the hall serving mead to the warriors and defusing conflict. Various scholars beginning with <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Olsen" title="Magnus Olsen">Magnus Olsen</a> have pointed to the similarity with what Sif does at the feast described in <i><a href="/wiki/Lokasenna" title="Lokasenna">Lokasenna</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-BAKER153_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAKER153-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ENRIGHT15_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENRIGHT15-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_S._North&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard S. North (page does not exist)">Richard North</a> further notes that unusually, <i>sib</i> is personified here and in lines 2599 to 2661, and suggests they may be references to Sif in Danish religion: "Both instances may indicate that the poet of <i>Beowulf</i> was in a position to imagine a sixth-century Scandinavia on the basis of his knowledge of contemporary Danish legends."<sup id="cite_ref-NORTH235-236_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NORTH235-236-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hair_as_wheat_and_potential_cognates">Hair as wheat and potential cognates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hair as wheat and potential cognates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>19th-century scholar <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Grimm" title="Jacob Grimm">Jacob Grimm</a> proposes a reconstruction of a Germanic deity cognate to Sif in other Germanic cultures and proposes a similar nature to that of the goddesses <a href="/wiki/Frigg" title="Frigg">Frigg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freyja" title="Freyja">Freyja</a>: </p> <blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gothic_language" title="Gothic language">Goth.</a> <span title="Gothic-language text"><i lang="got-Latn">sibja</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">OHG</a>. <span title="Old High German (ca. 750-1050)-language text"><i lang="goh">sippia</i></span>, <span title="Old High German (ca. 750-1050)-language text"><i lang="goh">sippa</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">AS</a>. <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">sib</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">gen</a>. <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">sibbe</i></span>, denote peace, friendship, kindred; from these I infer a divinity <i>Sibja</i>, <i>Sippia</i>, <i>Sib</i>, corresponding to <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">ON</a>. <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Sif</i></span> gen. <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Sifjar</i></span>, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thôrr</a>, for the ON. too has a pl. <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">sifjar</i></span> meaning cognatio, sifi amicus (OHG. <span title="Old High German (ca. 750-1050)-language text"><i lang="goh">sippio</i></span>, <span title="Old High German (ca. 750-1050)-language text"><i lang="goh">sippo</i></span>), sift genus, cognatio. By this sense of the word, <i>Sif</i> would appear to be, like <a href="/wiki/Frigg" title="Frigg">Frigg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freyja" title="Freyja">Freyja</a>, a goddess of loveliness and love; as attributes of <a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Oðinn</a> and Thôrr agree, their wives Frigg and Sif have also a common signification.<sup id="cite_ref-GRIMM309_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIMM309-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Grimm connects Eddic references to Sif's golden hair (gold is referred to as <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Sifjar haddr</i></span>; Sif's hair) with the herb name <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">haddr Sifjar</i></span> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polytrichum_aureum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polytrichum aureum (page does not exist)">Polytrichum aureum</a></i>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (June 2018)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Grimm says that "expositors see in this the golden fruits of the Earth burnt up by fire and growing again, they liken Sif to <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(Roman_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceres (Roman mythology)">Ceres</a>", and Grimm says that "with it agrees the fact that <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">O. Slav</a>. <span title="Church Slavonic-language text"><i lang="cu-Latn"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Živa (goddess)">Siva</a></i></span> is a gloss on <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ceres dea frumenti</i></span>" but cites <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymological</a> problems between the potential cognate. Grimm says that Thor's mother was the earth, and not his wife, yet "we do find the simple <i>Sif</i> standing for earth." Grimm adds that he is inconclusive regarding Sif and that, "we ought to have fuller details about Sif, and these are wholly wanting in our mythology. Nowhere amongst us is the mystic relation of the seed-corn of <a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a>, whose poignant grief for her daughter threatens to bring famine on mankind (Hymn to Cer. 305–306), nor anything like it, recorded."<sup id="cite_ref-GRIMM309-310_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIMM309-310-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Citing the etymology of her name, 19th century scholar <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%B0brandur_Vigf%C3%BAsson" title="Guðbrandur Vigfússon">Guðbrandur Vigfússon</a> theorizes that Sif "betokens mother earth with her golden sheaves of grain; she was the goddess of the sanctity of the family and wedlock".<sup id="cite_ref-VIGFUSSON526_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VIGFUSSON526-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholar <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Simek" title="Rudolf Simek">Rudolf Simek</a> theorizes that Sif likely originated as a complement to Thor through his fertility associations, and that the name <i>Sif</i> (Simek provides the etymology "relation by marriage") may have originally simply meant "the wife (of Thor)". Simek rejects notions of a "vegetation cult" venerating Sif, says that Sif does not appear to have a function, dismisses theories proposing connections between Sif's hair and grain as "over-zealous interpretation[s]", and theorizes that Snorri invented the story of Sif's shorn locks in attempt to explain the attributes of various gods.<sup id="cite_ref-SIMEK283_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMEK283-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholar <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Ellis_Davidson" title="Hilda Ellis Davidson">H. R. Ellis Davidson</a> states that Sif may have been an ancient fertility goddess, agreeing with a link between her lustrous hair and fields of <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">golden wheat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DAVIDSON84_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAVIDSON84-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding Sif, Thor, and fertility, Davidson says: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The cult of Thor was linked up with men's habitation and possessions, and with well-being of the family and community. This included the fruitfulness of the fields, and Thor, although pictured primarily as a <a href="/wiki/Storm_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Storm god">storm god</a> in the myths, was also concerned with the fertility and preservation of the seasonal round. In our own times, little stone axes from the distant past have been used as fertility symbols and placed by the farmer in the holes made by the drill to receive the first seed of spring. Thor's marriage with Sif of the golden hair, about which we hear little in the myths, seems to be a memory of the ancient symbol of <a href="/wiki/Hieros_gamos" title="Hieros gamos">divine marriage</a> between <a href="/wiki/Sky_deity" title="Sky deity">sky god</a> and <a href="/wiki/Earth_goddess" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth goddess">earth goddess</a>, when he comes to earth in the thunderstorm and the storm brings the rain which makes the fields fertile. In this way Thor, as well as Odin, may be seen to continue the cult of the sky god which was known in the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DAVIDSON-II-72_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAVIDSON-II-72-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Scholar John Lindow proposes that a potentially understated mythological importance of Sif's role in the story of her sheared hair exists; her headpiece is created along with the most important and powerful items in Norse mythology. Lindow further states that it may be easy to lose sight of the central role Sif plays in the creation of these objects.<sup id="cite_ref-LINDOW266_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LINDOW266-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rowan">Rowan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rowan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sif has been linked with <a href="/wiki/Ravdna" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravdna">Ravdna</a>, the consort of the <a href="/wiki/Sami_shamanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami shamanism">Sami</a> thunder god <a href="/wiki/Horagalles" title="Horagalles">Horagalles</a>. Red berries of <a href="/wiki/Rowan" title="Rowan">rowan</a> were holy to Ravdna and the name <i>Ravdna</i> resembles the North Germanic words for the tree (for example, Old Norse <i>reynir</i>). According to <i>Skáldskaparmál</i>, the rowan is called "the salvation of Thor" because Thor once saved himself by clinging to it. It has been theorized that Sif was once conceived in the form of a rowan to which Thor clung."<sup id="cite_ref-TURVILLE-PETRE98_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TURVILLE-PETRE98-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lokasenna_accusations"><i>Lokasenna</i> accusations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Lokasenna accusations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loki_and_Sif_by_A_Chase.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Loki_and_Sif_by_A_Chase.jpg/250px-Loki_and_Sif_by_A_Chase.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Loki_and_Sif_by_A_Chase.jpg/330px-Loki_and_Sif_by_A_Chase.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Loki_and_Sif_by_A_Chase.jpg/500px-Loki_and_Sif_by_A_Chase.jpg 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Sif sleeps while Loki lurks behind in an illustration (1894) by A. Chase</figcaption></figure> <p>Regarding the accusations that Loki makes to Sif in <i>Lokasenna</i>, Carolyne Larrington says that Sif is not elsewhere attested as unfaithful, though notes that Odin makes a similar accusation in <i>Hárbarðsljóð</i>, and theorizes a potential connection between the story of Loki cutting off Sif's hair with these references. Larrington says "how he got close enough to carry this out might be explained by this verse."<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON276_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON276-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identity_of_Sif's_first_husband"><span id="Identity_of_Sif.27s_first_husband"></span>Identity of Sif's first husband</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Identity of Sif's first husband"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several identities have been suggested for Sif's first husband, the father of Ullr, but since neither <i>Edda</i> names this husband, most scholars continue to consider him unidentified. N. A. Nielsen suggests that she was married to <a href="/wiki/Njord" class="mw-redirect" title="Njord">Njord</a> before the <a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir%E2%80%93Vanir_War" title="Æsir–Vanir War">Æsir–Vanir War</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an interpretation which depends on considering Ullr identical with <a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a>, which Rudolf Simek characterizes as "very precarious."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_influence">Modern influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Modern influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sif has inspired the name of a <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcano</a> on the planet <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sif_Mons" title="Sif Mons">Sif Mons</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sif's characterization in modern media tends to be much more martial than in the original sources. The <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a> character, <a href="/wiki/Sif_(Marvel_Comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sif (Marvel Comics)">Sif</a>, is based on the Sif of Norse myth and is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Jaimie_Alexander" title="Jaimie Alexander">Jaimie Alexander</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Studios" title="Marvel Studios">Marvel Studios</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Thor_(film)" title="Thor (film)">Thor</a></i>, its <a href="/wiki/Thor:_The_Dark_World" title="Thor: The Dark World">sequel</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Agents_of_S.H.I.E.L.D." title="Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.">Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-MODERNINFLUENCE_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MODERNINFLUENCE-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> television series, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Loki_(TV_series)" title="Loki (TV series)">Loki</a></i> streaming series episode <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nexus_Event" title="The Nexus Event">The Nexus Event</a></i>, where the hair shearing incident has loosely been adapted.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lady Sif appears in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Studio" title="Santa Monica Studio">Santa Monica Studio</a>'s 2022 video game <i><a href="/wiki/God_of_War_Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="God of War Ragnarök">God of War Ragnarök</a></i>, where she is voiced by <a href="/wiki/Emily_Rose_(actress)" title="Emily Rose (actress)">Emily Rose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sif_Glacier" title="Sif Glacier">Sif Glacier</a> in northern Greenland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullr" title="Ullr">Ullr</a>, her son</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-VIGFUSSON526-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VIGFUSSON526_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VIGFUSSON526_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gudbrandur Vigfusson (1874:526).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MODERNSCHOLARSETYMOLOGY-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MODERNSCHOLARSETYMOLOGY_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lindow (2001:266), Orchard (1997:138), and Simek (2007:283).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON75-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON75_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:75–76).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON93-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON93_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:93).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON94-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON94_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:94).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON78-80-82-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON78-80-82_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:78, 80, and 82.).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON100-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON100_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:100).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BYOCK6-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BYOCK6_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BYOCK6_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByock2006">Byock (2006</a>:6)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES3_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaulkes1995">Faulkes (1995</a>:3)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BYOCK38-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BYOCK38_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByock2006">Byock (2006</a>:38)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES77-79-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES77-79_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaulkes1995">Faulkes (1995</a>:77–79)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES96-97-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES96-97_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaulkes1995">Faulkes (1995</a>:96–97)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES160-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES160_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaulkes1995">Faulkes (1995</a>:163)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES115-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES115_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaulkes1995">Faulkes (1995</a>:115)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES123-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES123_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaulkes1995">Faulkes (1995</a>:123)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES86-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES86_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaulkes1995">Faulkes (1995</a>:86)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRIMM1364-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRIMM1364_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grimm (1888:1364).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BAKER153-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BAKER153_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker1994">Baker (1994</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vvsnR9yba7gC&dq=Sif+Beowulf&pg=PA153">153, n. 72</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ENRIGHT15-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ENRIGHT15_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEnright1996">Enright (1996</a>:15)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NORTH235-236-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NORTH235-236_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">North (1998:235–236, n. 126).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRIMM309-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRIMM309_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grimm (1882:309).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRIMM309-310-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRIMM309-310_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grimm (1888:309–310).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIMEK283-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SIMEK283_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simek (2007:283).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DAVIDSON84-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DAVIDSON84_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavidson1965">Davidson (1965</a>:84)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DAVIDSON-II-72-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DAVIDSON-II-72_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavidson1975">Davidson (1975</a>:72)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LINDOW266-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LINDOW266_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lindow (2001:266).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TURVILLE-PETRE98-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TURVILLE-PETRE98_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTurville-Petre,_E._O._G.1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Turville-Petre" title="Gabriel Turville-Petre">Turville-Petre, E. O. G.</a> (1964). <i>Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia</i>. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. p. 98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myth+and+Religion+of+the+North%3A+The+Religion+of+Ancient+Scandinavia&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1964&rft.au=Turville-Petre%2C+E.+O.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON276-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON276_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:276).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNielsen1969" class="citation journal cs1">Nielsen, Niels Åge (1969). "Freyr, Ullr and the Sparlösa Stone". <i>Mediaeval Scandinavia</i>. <b>2</b>: <span class="nowrap">102–</span>128.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mediaeval+Scandinavia&rft.atitle=Freyr%2C+Ullr+and+the+Sparl%C3%B6sa+Stone&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E102-%3C%2Fspan%3E128&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Niels+%C3%85ge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimek1984" class="citation book cs1">Simek, Rudolf (1984). <i>Dictionary of Northern Mythology</i>. D. S. Brewer. p. 283. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85991-513-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85991-513-7"><bdi>978-0-85991-513-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Northern+Mythology&rft.pages=283&rft.pub=D.+S.+Brewer&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-85991-513-7&rft.aulast=Simek&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lang (2003:221).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MODERNINFLUENCE-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MODERNINFLUENCE_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mansour (2005:485).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.com/loki-sif-cameo-norse-myth/">"Loki's Surprise Cameo Reimagines a Classic Myth"</a>. <i>CBR</i>. 30 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210711115252/https://www.cbr.com/loki-sif-cameo-norse-myth/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBR&rft.atitle=Loki%27s+Surprise+Cameo+Reimagines+a+Classic+Myth&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.com%2Floki-sif-cameo-norse-myth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collider.com/loki-episode-4-recap-explained/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Loki' Episode 4 Recap: Redefining Self Love"</a>. <i>Collider</i>. 30 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704163453/https://collider.com/loki-episode-4-recap-explained/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collider&rft.atitle=%27Loki%27+Episode+4+Recap%3A+Redefining+Self+Love&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Floki-episode-4-recap-explained%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOlah2022" class="citation web cs1">Olah, Lucas (28 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegamer.com/god-of-war-ragnarok-main-cast-actors/">"God Of War Ragnarok: All Main Characters And Their Actors"</a>. <i>TheGamer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGamer&rft.atitle=God+Of+War+Ragnarok%3A+All+Main+Characters+And+Their+Actors&rft.date=2022-11-28&rft.aulast=Olah&rft.aufirst=Lucas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegamer.com%2Fgod-of-war-ragnarok-main-cast-actors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASif" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaker1994" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Peter S., ed. (1994). <i>The Beowulf Reader</i>. Garland reference library of the humanities; vol. 1431. New York & London: Garland Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0815336662" title="Special:BookSources/978-0815336662"><bdi>978-0815336662</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beowulf+Reader&rft.place=New+York+%26+London&rft.series=Garland+reference+library+of+the+humanities%3B+vol.+1431&rft.pub=Garland+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0815336662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASif" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFByock2006" class="citation book cs1">Byock, Jesse, ed. (2006). <i>The Prose Edda</i>. Translated by Jesse Byock. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Classics" title="Penguin Classics">Penguin Classics</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-044755-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-044755-5"><bdi>0-14-044755-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prose+Edda&rft.pub=Penguin+Classics&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-14-044755-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASif" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._R._Ellis_Davidson" class="mw-redirect" title="H. R. Ellis Davidson">Davidson, H. R. Ellis</a> (1965). <i>Gods And Myths Of Northern Europe</i>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-013627-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-013627-4"><bdi>0-14-013627-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gods+And+Myths+Of+Northern+Europe&rft.pub=Penguin+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=0-14-013627-4&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=H.+R.+Ellis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASif" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1975" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, H. R. Ellis (1975). <i>Scandinavian Mythology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hamlyn" title="Paul Hamlyn">Paul Hamlyn</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-600-03637-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-600-03637-5"><bdi>0-600-03637-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scandinavian+Mythology&rft.pub=Paul+Hamlyn&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-600-03637-5&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=H.+R.+Ellis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASif" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEnright1996" class="citation book cs1">Enright, Michael J. (1996). <i>Lady with a Mead Cup: Ritual, Prophecy, and Lordship in the European Warband from La Tène to the Viking Age</i>. Blackrock, County Dublin/Portland, Oregon: Four Courts Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1851821884" title="Special:BookSources/978-1851821884"><bdi>978-1851821884</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lady+with+a+Mead+Cup%3A+Ritual%2C+Prophecy%2C+and+Lordship+in+the+European+Warband+from+La+T%C3%A8ne+to+the+Viking+Age&rft.place=Blackrock%2C+County+Dublin%2FPortland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Four+Courts+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1851821884&rft.aulast=Enright&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASif" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFaulkes1995" class="citation book cs1">Faulkes, Anthony, ed. (1995). <i>Edda</i>. Translated by Anthony Faulkes. <a href="/wiki/Everyman%27s_Library" title="Everyman's Library">Everyman</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0460876162" title="Special:BookSources/978-0460876162"><bdi>978-0460876162</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edda&rft.pub=Everyman&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0460876162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASif" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Grimm" title="Jacob Grimm">Grimm, Jacob</a> (James Steven Stallybrass Trans.) (1882). <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mythologie" title="Deutsche Mythologie">Teutonic Mythology: Translated from the Fourth Edition with Notes and Appendix by James Stallybrass</a></i> Vol. I. London: George Bell and Sons.</li> <li>Grimm, Jacob (James Steven Stallybrass Trans.) (1888). <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mythologie" title="Deutsche Mythologie">Teutonic Mythology: Translated from the Fourth Edition with Notes and Appendix by James Stallybrass</a></i>. Volume IV. London: George Bell and Sons.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%B0brandur_Vigf%C3%BAsson" title="Guðbrandur Vigfússon">Gudbrandur Vigfusson</a> (1874). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RnEJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PP11">An Icelandic-English Dictionary: Based on the Ms. Collections of the Late Richard Cleasby</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Clarendon Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_M._Hollander" title="Lee M. Hollander">Hollander, Lee</a> (Trans.) (1990). <i>The Poetic Edda</i>. (2nd edition). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Press" title="University of Texas Press">University of Texas Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-76499-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-76499-5">0-292-76499-5</a></li> <li>Lang, Kenneth R. (2003). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RdCUsMy3l7EC">The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419083832/https://books.google.com/books?id=RdCUsMy3l7EC">Archived</a> 19 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-81306-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-81306-9">0-521-81306-9</a></li> <li>Larrington, Carolyne (Trans.) (1999). <i>The Poetic Edda</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_World%27s_Classics" title="Oxford World's Classics">Oxford World's Classics</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-283946-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-283946-2">0-19-283946-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindow" title="John Lindow">Lindow, John</a> (2001). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KlT7tv3eMSwC">Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-515382-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-515382-0">0-19-515382-0</a>.</li> <li>Mansour, David (2005). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hK0rPUF85loC">From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century</a></i>. Andrews McMeel Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7407-5118-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7407-5118-2">0-7407-5118-2</a></li> <li>North, Richard (1998). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X_LKUIqNvPQC&q=Sif+Beowulf">Heathen Gods in Old English Literature</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419083813/https://books.google.com/books?id=X_LKUIqNvPQC&q=Sif+Beowulf">Archived</a> 19 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-55183-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-55183-8">0-521-55183-8</a></li> <li>Orchard, Andy (1997). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5hbPHQAACAAJ">Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Orion_Publishing_Group" title="Orion Publishing Group">Cassell</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-34520-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-34520-2">0-304-34520-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Simek" title="Rudolf Simek">Simek, Rudolf</a> (2007) translated by Angela Hall. <i>Dictionary of Northern Mythology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Boydell_%26_Brewer" title="Boydell & Brewer">D.S. Brewer</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85991-513-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85991-513-1">0-85991-513-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Turville-Petre" title="Gabriel Turville-Petre">Turville-Petre, E. O. G.</a> (1964). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia600508.us.archive.org/34/items/TurvillePetreMythAndReligionOfTheNorth/Turville-Petre_Myth_and_Religion_of_the_North_text.pdf">Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Weidenfeld_and_Nicolson" class="mw-redirect" title="Weidenfeld and Nicolson">Weidenfeld and Nicolson</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sif&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sif" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sif">Sif</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://myndir.uvic.ca/Sif01.html">MyNDIR (My Norse Digital Image Repository)</a> Illustrations of Sif from manuscripts and early print books.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Norse_paganism_footer" title="Template talk:Norse paganism footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Norse_paganism_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Norse paganism footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Old_Norse_religion_and_mythology469" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Old Norse religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#d6dbbe;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_people,_items_and_places_in_Norse_mythology" title="List of people, items and places in Norse mythology">Mythological Norse people, items and places</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Germanic_deities" title="List of Germanic deities">Deities</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(folklore)" title="Dwarf (folklore)">dwarfs</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunn" title="Jötunn">jötnar</a>,<br />and other figures</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Æsir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alm%C3%A1ttki_%C3%A1ss" title="Almáttki áss">Almáttki áss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldr" title="Baldr">Baldr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bragi" title="Bragi">Bragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dellingr" title="Dellingr">Dellingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forseti" title="Forseti">Forseti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimdall" title="Heimdall">Heimdall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herm%C3%B3%C3%B0r" title="Hermóðr">Hermóðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6%C3%B0r" title="Höðr">Höðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%93nir" title="Hœnir">Hœnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dtreksj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Ítreksjóð">Ítreksjóð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3%C3%B0urr" title="Lóðurr">Lóðurr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loki" title="Loki">Loki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ni" title="Máni">Máni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meili" title="Meili">Meili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmir" title="Mímir">Mímir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3%C3%B0i_and_Magni" title="Móði and Magni">Móði and Magni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93%C3%B0r" title="Óðr">Óðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BDr" title="Týr">Týr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullr" title="Ullr">Ullr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1li" title="Váli">Váli (son of Odin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0arr" title="Víðarr">Víðarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vili_and_V%C3%A9" title="Vili and Vé">Vili and Vé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Ásynjur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%BAki_and_Bil" title="Hjúki and Bil">Bil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eir" title="Eir">Eir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigg" title="Frigg">Frigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulla" title="Fulla">Fulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefjon" title="Gefjon">Gefjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B0r" title="Gerðr">Gerðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gn%C3%A1_and_H%C3%B3fvarpnir" title="Gná and Hófvarpnir">Gná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hl%C3%ADn" title="Hlín">Hlín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0unn" title="Iðunn">Iðunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmr" title="Ilmr">Ilmr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorger%C3%B0r_H%C3%B6lgabr%C3%BA%C3%B0r_and_Irpa" title="Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr and Irpa">Irpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofn" title="Lofn">Lofn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanna_(Norse_deity)" title="Nanna (Norse deity)">Nanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%B6run" title="Njörun">Njörun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1n" title="Rán">Rán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rindr" title="Rindr">Rindr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ga_and_S%C3%B6kkvabekkr" title="Sága and Sökkvabekkr">Sága</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigyn" title="Sigyn">Sigyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6fn" title="Sjöfn">Sjöfn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska%C3%B0i" title="Skaði">Skaði</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snotra" title="Snotra">Snotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3l_(Germanic_mythology)" title="Sól (Germanic mythology)">Sól</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syn_(goddess)" title="Syn (goddess)">Syn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorger%C3%B0r_H%C3%B6lgabr%C3%BA%C3%B0r_and_Irpa" title="Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr and Irpa">Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0r" title="Þrúðr">Þrúðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1r" title="Vár">Vár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6r" title="Vör">Vör</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vanir" title="Vanir">Vanir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freyja" title="Freyja">Freyja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingunar-Freyr" title="Ingunar-Freyr">Ingunar-Freyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi">Yngvi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gersemi" title="Gersemi">Gersemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullveig" title="Gullveig">Gullveig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hnoss" title="Hnoss">Hnoss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvasir" title="Kvasir">Kvasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r" title="Njörðr">Njörðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister-wife_of_Nj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r" title="Sister-wife of Njörðr">Sister-wife of Njörðr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_j%C3%B6tnar_in_Norse_mythology" title="List of jötnar in Norse mythology">Jötnar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86gir" title="Ægir">Ægir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvaldi" title="Alvaldi">Alvaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angrbo%C3%B0a" title="Angrboða">Angrboða</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurbo%C3%B0a" title="Aurboða">Aurboða</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baugi" title="Baugi">Baugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beli_(j%C3%B6tunn)" title="Beli (jötunn)">Beli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergelmir" title="Bergelmir">Bergelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bestla" title="Bestla">Bestla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6l%C3%BEorn" title="Bölþorn">Bölþorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BDleistr" title="Býleistr">Býleistr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg%C3%BE%C3%A9r" title="Eggþér">Eggþér</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1rbauti" title="Fárbauti">Fárbauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%B6lvar" title="Fjölvar">Fjölvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fornj%C3%B3t" title="Fornjót">Fornjót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangr" title="Gangr">Gangr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geirr%C3%B6%C3%B0r" title="Geirröðr">Geirröðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillingr" title="Gillingr">Gillingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%A1lp_and_Greip" title="Gjálp and Greip">Gjálp and Greip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%AD%C3%B0r" title="Gríðr">Gríðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnl%C3%B6%C3%B0" title="Gunnlöð">Gunnlöð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymir_(father_of_Ger%C3%B0r)" title="Gymir (father of Gerðr)">Gymir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har%C3%B0greipr" title="Harðgreipr">Harðgreipr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helblindi" title="Helblindi">Helblindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helreginn" title="Helreginn">Helreginn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hljod" title="Hljod">Hljod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%A6svelgr" title="Hræsvelgr">Hræsvelgr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%ADmger%C3%B0r" title="Hrímgerðr">Hrímgerðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%ADmgr%C3%ADmnir" title="Hrímgrímnir">Hrímgrímnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%ADmnir" title="Hrímnir">Hrímnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hro%C3%B0r" title="Hroðr">Hroðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrungnir" title="Hrungnir">Hrungnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrymr" title="Hrymr">Hrymr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymir" title="Hymir">Hymir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrrokkin" title="Hyrrokkin">Hyrrokkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0i" title="Iði">Iði</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dm" title="Ím">Ím</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1rnsaxa" title="Járnsaxa">Járnsaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laufey_(mythology)" title="Laufey (mythology)">Laufey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leikn" title="Leikn">Leikn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litr" title="Litr">Litr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logi_(mythology)" title="Logi (mythology)">Logi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6g%C3%BErasir" title="Mögþrasir">Mögþrasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narfi" title="Narfi">Narfi (father of Nott)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6kkm%C3%ADmir" title="Sökkmímir">Sökkmímir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surtr" title="Surtr">Surtr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suttungr" title="Suttungr">Suttungr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ejazi" title="Þjazi">Þjazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B6kk" title="Þökk">Þökk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%ADvaldi" title="Þrívaldi">Þrívaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0gelmir" title="Þrúðgelmir">Þrúðgelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Erymr" title="Þrymr">Þrymr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atgar%C3%B0a-Loki" title="Útgarða-Loki">Útgarða-Loki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaf%C3%BEr%C3%BA%C3%B0nir" title="Vafþrúðnir">Vafþrúðnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0blindi" title="Víðblindi">Víðblindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vosud" title="Vosud">Vosud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6rnir" title="Vörnir">Vörnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ymir" title="Ymir">Ymir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dwarfs_in_Norse_mythology" title="List of dwarfs in Norse mythology">Dwarfs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alv%C3%ADss" title="Alvíss">Alvíss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andvari" title="Andvari">Andvari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austri,_Vestri,_Nor%C3%B0ri_and_Su%C3%B0ri" title="Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri">Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billingr" title="Billingr">Billingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1inn_(Norse_dwarf)" title="Dáinn (Norse dwarf)">Dáinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durinn" title="Durinn">Durinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BArnir" title="Dúrnir">Dúrnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvalinn" title="Dvalinn">Dvalinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1fnir" title="Fáfnir">Fáfnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjalar_and_Galar" title="Fjalar and Galar">Fjalar and Galar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf_(mythology)" title="Gandalf (mythology)">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrei%C3%B0marr" title="Hreiðmarr">Hreiðmarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litr" title="Litr">Litr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3tsognir" title="Mótsognir">Mótsognir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93tr" class="mw-redirect" title="Ótr">Ótr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regin" title="Regin">Regin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Ivaldi" title="Sons of Ivaldi">Sons of Ivaldi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brokkr" title="Brokkr">Brokkr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eitri" title="Eitri">Eitri</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_heroic_legend" title="Germanic heroic legend">Heroes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="Lists of figures in Germanic heroic legend">List of figures in Germanic heroic legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_A" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, A"> A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_B%E2%80%93C" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, B–C"> B–C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_D%E2%80%93E" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, D–E"> D–E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_F%E2%80%93G" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, F–G"> F–G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_H%E2%80%93He" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, H–He"> H–He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_Hi%E2%80%93Hy" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, Hi–Hy"> Hi–Hy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_I%E2%80%93O" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, I–O"> I–O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_P%E2%80%93S" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, P–S"> P–S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_T%E2%80%93Y" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, T–Y"> T–Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people,_clan,_and_place_names_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="List of people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend">people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_named_animals_and_plants_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="List of named animals and plants in Germanic heroic legend">named animals and plants </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_named_weapons,_armour_and_treasures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="List of named weapons, armour and treasures in Germanic heroic legend">named weapons, armour and treasures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ask_and_Embla" title="Ask and Embla">Ask and Embla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au%C3%B0r_(mythology)" title="Auðr (mythology)">Auðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au%C3%B0umbla" title="Auðumbla">Auðumbla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurvandill" title="Aurvandill">Aurvandill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyla" title="Beyla">Beyla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borr" title="Borr">Borr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAri" title="Búri">Búri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byggvir" title="Byggvir">Byggvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADs" title="Dís">Dísir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landd%C3%ADsir" title="Landdísir">Landdísir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_dragon" title="Germanic dragon">Dragons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Draugs">Draugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einherjar" title="Einherjar">Einherjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldir" title="Eldir">Eldir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">Elves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6kk%C3%A1lfar_and_Lj%C3%B3s%C3%A1lfar" title="Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar">Dark elves (Dökkálfar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6kk%C3%A1lfar_and_Lj%C3%B3s%C3%A1lfar" title="Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar">Light elves (Ljósálfar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svart%C3%A1lfar" title="Svartálfar">Black elves (Svartálfar)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimafeng" title="Fimafeng">Fimafeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjalar_(rooster)" title="Fjalar (rooster)">Fjalar (rooster)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenrir" title="Fenrir">Fenrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%B6rgyn_and_Fj%C3%B6rgynn" title="Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn">Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fylgja" title="Fylgja">Fylgja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garmr" title="Garmr">Garmr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullinbursti" title="Gullinbursti">Gullinbursti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hati_Hr%C3%B3%C3%B0vitnisson" title="Hati Hróðvitnisson">Hati Hróðvitnisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hel_(mythological_being)" title="Hel (mythological being)">Hel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildisv%C3%ADni" class="mw-redirect" title="Hildisvíni">Hildisvíni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%BAki_and_Bil" title="Hjúki and Bil">Hjúki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_of_the_%C3%86sir" title="Horses of the Æsir">Horses of the Æsir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rvakr_and_Alsvi%C3%B0r" title="Árvakr and Alsviðr">Árvakr and Alsviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3%C3%B0ugh%C3%B3fi" title="Blóðughófi">Blóðughófi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falh%C3%B3fnir" title="Falhófnir">Falhófnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%ADsl" class="mw-redirect" title="Gísl">Gísl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gla%C3%B0r" title="Glaðr">Glaðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A6r" title="Glær">Glær</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenr" title="Glenr">Glenr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grani" title="Grani">Grani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullfaxi" title="Gullfaxi">Gullfaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulltoppr" title="Gulltoppr">Gulltoppr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyllir" title="Gyllir">Gyllir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamskerpir_and_Gar%C3%B0rofa" title="Hamskerpir and Garðrofa">Hamskerpir and Garðrofa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gn%C3%A1_and_H%C3%B3fvarpnir" title="Gná and Hófvarpnir">Hófvarpnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinfaxi_and_Hr%C3%ADmfaxi" title="Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi">Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleipnir" title="Sleipnir">Sleipnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sva%C3%B0ilfari" title="Svaðilfari">Svaðilfari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6r%C3%B0" title="Jörð">Jörð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rmungandr" title="Jörmungandr">Jörmungandr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADf_and_L%C3%ADfthrasir" class="mw-redirect" title="Líf and Lífthrasir">Líf and Lífthrasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loddf%C3%A1fnir" title="Loddfáfnir">Loddfáfnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3%C3%B0gu%C3%B0r" title="Móðguðr">Móðguðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Daughters_of_%C3%86gir_and_R%C3%A1n" title="Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán">Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Mothers_of_Heimdallr" title="Nine Mothers of Heimdallr">Nine Mothers of Heimdallr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narfi_(son_of_Loki)" title="Narfi (son of Loki)">Narfi (son of Loki)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr" title="Níðhöggr">Níðhöggr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norns" title="Norns">Norns</a></li> <li>Personifications <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dagr" title="Dagr">Dagr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elli" title="Elli">Elli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B3tt" title="Nótt">Nótt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumarr_and_Vetr" title="Sumarr and Vetr">Sumarr and Vetr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6hr%C3%ADmnir" title="Sæhrímnir">Sæhrímnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrnir" title="Skírnir">Skírnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%B6ll" title="Sköll">Sköll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield-maiden" title="Shield-maiden">Shield-maiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanngrisnir_and_Tanngnj%C3%B3str" title="Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr">Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troll" title="Troll">Troll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%A1lfi_and_R%C3%B6skva" title="Þjálfi and Röskva">Þjálfi and Röskva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A6ttir" class="mw-redirect" title="Vættir">Vættir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landv%C3%A6ttir" title="Landvættir">Landvættir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1li_(son_of_Loki)" title="Váli (son of Loki)">Váli (son of Loki)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valkyrie" title="Valkyrie">Valkyries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_the_Smith" title="Wayland the Smith">Völundr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6r%C3%B0r" title="Vörðr">Vörðr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Locations_in_Norse_mythology" title="Category:Locations in Norse mythology">Locations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Underworld</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hel_(location)" title="Hel (location)">Hel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lj%C3%BA%C3%B0nir" title="Éljúðnir">Éljúðnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjallarbr%C3%BA" title="Gjallarbrú">Gjallarbrú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1str%C3%B6nd" title="Náströnd">Náströnd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflhel" title="Niflhel">Niflhel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B0afj%C3%B6ll" title="Niðafjöll">Niðafjöll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89liv%C3%A1gar" title="Élivágar">Élivágar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B6ll" title="Gjöll">Gjöll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dfingr" title="Ífingr">Ífingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerlaugar" title="Kerlaugar">Kerlaugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6rmt_and_%C3%96rmt" title="Körmt and Örmt">Körmt and Örmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slidr_River" title="Slidr River">Slidr River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadgelmir" title="Vadgelmir">Vadgelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimur_River" title="Vimur River">Vimur River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Other locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asgard" title="Asgard">Asgard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsvartnir" title="Amsvartnir">Amsvartnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andlang" title="Andlang">Andlang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barri" title="Barri">Barri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifr%C3%B6st" title="Bifröst">Bifröst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilskirnir" title="Bilskirnir">Bilskirnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A1vellir" title="Brávellir">Brávellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brimir" title="Brimir">Brimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fensalir" title="Fensalir">Fensalir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangr" title="Fólkvangr">Fólkvangr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signhildsberg" title="Signhildsberg">Fornsigtuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyrisvellir" title="Fyrisvellir">Fyrisvellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lgvi%C3%B0r" title="Gálgviðr">Gálgviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandvik" title="Gandvik">Gandvik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastropnir" title="Gastropnir">Gastropnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giml%C3%A9" title="Gimlé">Gimlé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginnungagap" title="Ginnungagap">Ginnungagap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gla%C3%B0sheimr" title="Glaðsheimr">Glaðsheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A6sisvellir" title="Glæsisvellir">Glæsisvellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitnir" class="mw-redirect" title="Glitnir">Glitnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnipahellir" title="Gnipahellir">Gnipahellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grove_of_fetters" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove of fetters">Grove of fetters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hei%C3%B0r" title="Heiðr">Heiðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himinbj%C3%B6rg" title="Himinbjörg">Himinbjörg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindarfjall" title="Hindarfjall">Hindarfjall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlidskjalf" title="Hlidskjalf">Hlidskjalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hnitbjorg" title="Hnitbjorg">Hnitbjorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoddm%C3%ADmis_holt" title="Hoddmímis holt">Hoddmímis holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0av%C3%B6llr" title="Iðavöllr">Iðavöllr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1rnvi%C3%B0r" title="Járnviðr">Járnviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunheimr" title="Jötunheimr">Jötunheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmamei%C3%B0r" title="Mímameiðr">Mímameiðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrkvi%C3%B0r" title="Myrkviðr">Myrkviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munarv%C3%A1gr" title="Munarvágr">Munarvágr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B3at%C3%BAn_(mythology)" title="Nóatún (mythology)">Nóatún</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okolnir" title="Okolnir">Okolnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sessr%C3%BAmnir" title="Sessrúmnir">Sessrúmnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindri_(mythology)" title="Sindri (mythology)">Sindri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singasteinn" title="Singasteinn">Singasteinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0heimr" title="Þrúðheimr">Þrúðheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0vangr" title="Þrúðvangr">Þrúðvangr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Erymheimr" title="Þrymheimr">Þrymheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamla_Uppsala" title="Gamla Uppsala">Uppsala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atgar%C3%B0ar" title="Útgarðar">Útgarðar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valaskj%C3%A1lf" title="Valaskjálf">Valaskjálf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valhalla" title="Valhalla">Valhalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanaheimr" title="Vanaheimr">Vanaheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0bl%C3%A1inn" title="Víðbláinn">Víðbláinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADgr%C3%AD%C3%B0r" title="Vígríðr">Vígríðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ving%C3%B3lf" title="Vingólf">Vingólf</a></li> <li>Wells <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hvergelmir" title="Hvergelmir">Hvergelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmisbrunnr" title="Mímisbrunnr">Mímisbrunnr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%B0arbrunnr" title="Urðarbrunnr">Urðarbrunnr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ddalir" title="Ýdalir">Ýdalir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yggdrasil" title="Yggdrasil">Yggdrasil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Events_in_Norse_mythology" title="Category:Events in Norse mythology">Events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir%E2%80%93Vanir_War" title="Æsir–Vanir War">Æsir–Vanir War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimbulwinter" title="Fimbulwinter">Fimbulvetr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%B3%C3%B0i%27s_Peace" title="Fróði's Peace">Fróði's Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hja%C3%B0ningav%C3%ADg" title="Hjaðningavíg">Hjaðningavíg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Ragnarök</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Danorum" title="Gesta Danorum">Gesta Danorum</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edda" title="Edda">Edda</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Poetic_Edda" title="Poetic Edda">Poetic Edda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prose_Edda" title="Prose Edda">Prose Edda</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runestone" title="Runestone">Runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">Sagas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3msv%C3%ADkinga_saga" title="Jómsvíkinga saga">Jómsvíkinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_saga" title="Legendary saga">Legendary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrfing_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrfing Cycle">Tyrfing Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lsung_Cycle" title="Völsung Cycle">Völsung Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_orthography" title="Old Norse orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology_in_popular_culture" title="Norse mythology in popular culture">Later influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Religious practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphic_wooden_cult_figurines_of_Central_and_Northern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe">Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3t" title="Blót">Blót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_hof" title="Heathen hof">Hof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heitstrenging" title="Heitstrenging">Heitstrenging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Horses in Germanic paganism">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6rgr" title="Hörgr">Hörgr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_rituals" title="Norse rituals">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96ndvegiss%C3%BAlur" title="Öndvegissúlur">Öndvegissúlur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginnaglar" title="Reginnaglar">Reginnaglar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_trees_and_groves_in_Germanic_paganism_and_mythology" title="Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology">Sacred trees and groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonarg%C3%B6ltr" title="Sonargöltr">Sonargöltr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_at_Uppsala" title="Temple at Uppsala">Temple at Uppsala</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Til_%C3%A1rs_ok_fri%C3%B0ar" title="Til árs ok friðar">Til árs ok friðar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Vé">Vé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetlands_and_islands_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Wetlands and islands in Germanic paganism">Wetlands and islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Festivals and holy periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lfabl%C3%B3t" title="Álfablót">Álfablót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADsabl%C3%B3t" title="Dísablót">Dísablót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic calendar">Germanic calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorrabl%C3%B3t" title="Þorrablót">Þorrablót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetrn%C3%A6tr" class="mw-redirect" title="Vetrnætr">Vetrnætr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_in_Norse_paganism" title="Death in Norse paganism">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergi" title="Ergi">Ergi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lag" title="Félag">Félag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galdr" title="Galdr">Galdr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothi" title="Gothi">Goði</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamingja" title="Hamingja">Hamingja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiti" title="Heiti">Heiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenning" title="Kenning">Kenning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mead_hall" title="Mead hall">Mead hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%AB%C3%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Nīþ">Nīþ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_cosmology" title="Norse cosmology">Norse cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Norse_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Numbers in Norse mythology">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_philosophy" title="Old Norse philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_in_Germanic_cultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Rings in Germanic cultures">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" title="Runes">Runes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sei%C3%B0r" title="Seiðr">Seiðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skald" title="Skald">Skald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lva" class="mw-redirect" title="Völva">Völva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry (new religious movement)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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