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class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 2009 Maguindanao massacre. For the 2015 clash which also took place in Maguindanao, see <a href="/wiki/Mamasapano_clash" title="Mamasapano clash">Mamasapano clash</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The Maguindanao massacre (also known as the Ampatuan massacre, named after <a href="/wiki/Ampatuan,_Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Ampatuan, Maguindanao del Sur">the town</a> where mass graves of victims were found)<a href="#cite_note-maptimeline-6">[5]</a> occurred on the morning of November 23, 2009, in the town of <a href="/wiki/Ampatuan,_Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Ampatuan, Maguindanao del Sur">Ampatuan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao" title="Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> (now located in <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Maguindanao del Sur">Maguindanao del Sur</a>). The 58 victims were on their way to file a certificate of candidacy for <a href="/wiki/Esmael_Mangudadatu" title="Esmael Mangudadatu">Esmael Mangudadatu</a>, vice mayor of <a href="/wiki/Buluan" title="Buluan">Buluan</a>, when they were kidnapped and later killed. Mangudadatu was challenging <a href="/wiki/Datu_Unsay,_Maguindanao" class="mw-redirect" title="Datu Unsay, Maguindanao">Datu Unsay</a> mayor <a href="/wiki/Andal_Ampatuan_Jr." title="Andal Ampatuan Jr.">Andal Ampatuan Jr.</a>, son of the incumbent Maguindanao governor <a href="/wiki/Andal_Ampatuan_Sr." title="Andal Ampatuan Sr.">Andal Ampatuan Sr.</a> and member of one of Mindanao's leading Muslim political clans,<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> in the forthcoming Maguindanao gubernatorial election,<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> part of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_general_election" title="2010 Philippine general election">national elections in 2010</a>. The people killed included Mangudadatu's wife, his two sisters, journalists, lawyers, aides, and motorists who were witnesses or were mistakenly identified as part of the convoy. <table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%;">Maguindanao massacre</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Maguindanao_in_Philippines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Maguindanao_in_Philippines.svg/220px-Maguindanao_in_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Maguindanao_in_Philippines.svg/330px-Maguindanao_in_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Maguindanao_in_Philippines.svg/440px-Maguindanao_in_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1871" data-file-height="2468"></a><div class="infobox-caption">Map of the Philippines with Maguindanao highlighted</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location">Sitio Masalay, Barangay Salman, <a href="/wiki/Ampatuan,_Maguindanao" class="mw-redirect" title="Ampatuan, Maguindanao">Ampatuan, Maguindanao</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Maguindanao del Sur">Maguindanao del Sur</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Maguindanao_massacre&params=6_48_34_N_124_26_22_E_type:event">6°48′34″N 124°26′22″E / 6.80944°N 124.43944°E / 6.80944; 124.43944</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">November 23, 2009; 15 years ago (2009-11-23) <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 10:30 – 11:00 a.m. (UTC+8)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Target</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Esmael_Mangudadatu" title="Esmael Mangudadatu">Esmael Mangudadatu</a>'s family members, supporters, journalists</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Attack type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mass_shooting" title="Mass shooting">Mass shooting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mass_murder" title="Mass murder">mass murder</a>, mass <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_violence" title="Political violence">political violence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weapons</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearms">Firearms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Machetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Machetes">machetes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data">58<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Esmael_Mangudadatu" title="Esmael Mangudadatu">Esmael Mangudadatu</a>'s family members and supporters, and 32 accompanying journalists)<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Perpetrators</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li>Zaldy Ampatuan<a href="#cite_note-zalds-4">[3]</a></li><li>Andal "Unsay" Ampatuan Jr.<a href="#cite_note-zalds-4">[3]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of participants</div></th><td class="infobox-data">197</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motive</th><td class="infobox-data">Political opposition to <a href="/wiki/Esmael_Mangudadatu" title="Esmael Mangudadatu">Esmael Mangudadatu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Verdict</th><td class="infobox-data">See <a href="#Verdict">Verdict section</a> below</td></tr></tbody></table> At the time, the <a href="/wiki/Committee_to_Protect_Journalists" title="Committee to Protect Journalists">Committee to Protect Journalists</a> (CPJ) called the Maguindanao <a href="/wiki/Massacre" title="Massacre">massacre</a> the "single deadliest event" for <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalists</a> since they began compiling records in 1992;<a href="#cite_note-pdi-9">[8]</a> at least 34 journalists are known to have died in the attack.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> Even before the massacre, the CPJ had labeled the Philippines the second most dangerous country for journalists, second only to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> The incident is also the deadliest mass shooting to ever occur in the Philippines. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background">1 Background</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Attack">2 Attack</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Prior_events">2.1 Prior events</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Kidnapping_and_massacre">2.2 Kidnapping and massacre</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Aftermath">3 Aftermath</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Declaration_of_martial_law">3.1 Declaration of martial law</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Media_fundraising">3.2 Media fundraising</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Police_operations">3.3 Police operations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Legal_proceedings">4 Legal proceedings</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Verdict">4.1 Verdict</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Victims">5 Victims</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Mangudadatu_family_and_associates">5.1 Mangudadatu family and associates</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Journalists">5.2 Journalists</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Other_civilian_casualties">5.3 Other civilian casualties</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Human_Rights_Watch_report">6 Human Rights Watch report</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#In_popular_culture">7 In popular culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Sexual_assaults">8 Sexual assaults</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#See_also">9 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Notes">10 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#References">11 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Further_reading">12 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#External_links">13 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> The Ampatuans had been in control of Maguindanao since 2001. <a href="/wiki/Andal_Ampatuan_Sr." title="Andal Ampatuan Sr.">Andal Ampatuan Sr.</a> first came into prominence when <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> appointed him as Chief-of-Offices of <a href="/wiki/Shariff_Aguak" title="Shariff Aguak">Maganoy (now Shariff Aguak)</a> in 1986 immediately after the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a>. Aquino, after coming into power in 1986 through a revolution, replaced every locally elected official with officers-in-charge, although the town of Maganoy was approached differently; the aging mayor, Pinagayaw Ampatuan, was replaced by his vice mayor, Andal Ampatuan Sr. He won the <a href="/wiki/1988_Philippine_local_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Philippine local election">1988 local elections</a> and served for ten years. Andal Sr. was elected governor <a href="/wiki/1998_Philippine_general_election" title="1998 Philippine general election">1998</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> Members of <a href="/wiki/Lakas-Kampi-CMD" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakas-Kampi-CMD">Lakas-Kampi-CMD</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> listed Andal Sr. as a major ally in Mindanao. <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao" title="Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao">Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a> (ARMM) regional governor <a href="/wiki/Zaldy_Ampatuan" title="Zaldy Ampatuan">Zaldy Ampatuan</a> was the party's regional chairman. Andal Sr., the family patriarch, had been provincial governor since 1998; he had been elected three times, unopposed. Eighteen of the mayors in Maguindanao belong to the clan. The elder Ampatuan attributed his popularity to "popular support", adding that "Because I am so loved by the constituencies of the municipalities, they ask me to have my sons as representatives." In the <a href="/wiki/2004_Philippine_general_election" title="2004 Philippine general election">2004 presidential election</a>, Arroyo won 69% of Maguindanao's vote; <a href="/wiki/2007_Philippine_general_election" title="2007 Philippine general election">three years later</a>, the party-backed <a href="/wiki/TEAM_Unity_(Philippines)" title="TEAM Unity (Philippines)">coalition</a> scored a 12–0 sweep of the senatorial elections in the province. Unable to run for a third term, he groomed his son, Andal Jr., to succeed him as governor.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> With escalating tensions in the province, Arroyo, as head of Lakas-Kampi-CMD, mediated between the Ampatuans and the Mangudadatus (both are from the same party) to prevent election-related violence. Three meetings were held in mid-2009, with one meeting hosted by then-<a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Department of National Defense (Philippines)">Secretary of National Defense</a> and 2009–2010 party chairman <a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Teodoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilberto Teodoro">Gilberto Teodoro</a>, who ran to succeed Arroyo as president but was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Noynoy Aquino</a>. Arroyo's adviser for political affairs, Gabriel Claudio, disclosed that there was an initial agreement "in principle" that no Mangudadatu would contest Ampatuan Sr.'s governorship.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Attack">Attack</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Attack" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_locator_maguindanao_buluan.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ph_locator_maguindanao_buluan.png/120px-Ph_locator_maguindanao_buluan.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ph_locator_maguindanao_buluan.png/120px-Ph_locator_maguindanao_buluan.png" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ph_locator_maguindanao_buluan.png/180px-Ph_locator_maguindanao_buluan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ph_locator_maguindanao_buluan.png/240px-Ph_locator_maguindanao_buluan.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Location of Buluan, the origin of the convoy, in Maguindanao.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_locator_maguindanao_shariff_aguak.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ph_locator_maguindanao_shariff_aguak.png/120px-Ph_locator_maguindanao_shariff_aguak.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ph_locator_maguindanao_shariff_aguak.png/120px-Ph_locator_maguindanao_shariff_aguak.png" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ph_locator_maguindanao_shariff_aguak.png/180px-Ph_locator_maguindanao_shariff_aguak.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ph_locator_maguindanao_shariff_aguak.png/240px-Ph_locator_maguindanao_shariff_aguak.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Location of Shariff Aguak, the destination of the convoy, in Maguindanao.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ph_locator_maguindanao_ampatuan.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ph_locator_maguindanao_ampatuan.png/120px-Ph_locator_maguindanao_ampatuan.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ph_locator_maguindanao_ampatuan.png/120px-Ph_locator_maguindanao_ampatuan.png" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ph_locator_maguindanao_ampatuan.png/180px-Ph_locator_maguindanao_ampatuan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ph_locator_maguindanao_ampatuan.png/240px-Ph_locator_maguindanao_ampatuan.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Location of Ampatuan, the location where the massacre took place, in Maguindanao.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prior_events">Prior events</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prior events" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Buluan Vice Mayor Esmael "Toto" Mangudadatu had invited 37 journalists to cover the scheduled filing of his certificate of candidacy (COC) at the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_(Philippines)" title="Commission on Elections (Philippines)">Commission on Elections</a> (COMELEC) provincial office in <a href="/wiki/Shariff_Aguak" title="Shariff Aguak">Shariff Aguak</a>. He said reports had reached him that his rivals had threatened to chop him into pieces once he filed his COC, and felt the presence of journalists would deter such an attack. On the week he was to file his certificate of candidacy (COC), he requested for security which the PNP Regional Command in the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao" title="Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao">Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a> rejected, perhaps on the behest of regional governor Zaldy Ampatuan, one of the perpetrators of the massacre.<a href="#cite_note-:1-16">[15]</a> Because of this, Mangudadatu changed plans; he would not go to Shariff Aguak personally. Rather, he would send an all-women party led by his wife, two sisters, and an aunt with female lawyers, in order to file his COC on his behalf. Some reports suggest he was relying on an Islamic tradition that women are not to be harmed. For security, he would have media persons from <a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Santos" title="General Santos">General Santos</a> join the women and cover the filing of his COC, believing the women were safe under the eyes of media.<a href="#cite_note-:1-16">[15]</a> Hours before the convoy departed, Aquiles Zonio, a correspondent for the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a> from General Santos, texted the Philippine Army's <a href="/wiki/6th_Infantry_Division_(Philippines)" title="6th Infantry Division (Philippines)">6th Infantry Division</a> and was assured the road was safe.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> The party was supposed to leave for Shariff Aguak at 9 am, but their departure was delayed by security concerns.<a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a> At 9:30 am, a convoy carrying the journalists, lawyers, and relatives of Mangudadatu left Buluan to file his COC at the COMELEC office in <a href="/wiki/Shariff_Aguak" title="Shariff Aguak">Shariff Aguak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a> The convoy was composed of seven vehicles: four <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Grandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Grandia">Toyota Grandia</a> vans (one grey, one green, and two white) owned by the Mangudadatu family; two media vehicles – a <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Pajero" title="Mitsubishi Pajero">Mitsubishi Pajero</a> owned by <a href="/wiki/DZRH" title="DZRH">DZRH</a> broadcast journalist Henry Araneta, and a <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Delica" title="Mitsubishi Delica">Mitsubishi L-300</a> van owned by <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Progressive Broadcasting Corporation">UNTV</a>; and a fifth Grandia boarded by mediamen, which lagged behind the rest of the convoy and thus was able to avoid being captured by the gunmen. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kidnapping_and_massacre">Kidnapping and massacre</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kidnapping and massacre" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> At around 10:00 am, the convoy was passing through the town of <a href="/wiki/Ampatuan,_Maguindanao_del_Sur" title="Ampatuan, Maguindanao del Sur">Ampatuan</a> when it stopped at a police checkpoint in Barangay Masalay, about 10 km from Shariff Aguak (four in other versions), for a routine inspection.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a> At that moment, at least ten vehicles carrying heavily armed gunmen arrived and surrounded the convoy.<a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a> The men, led by <a href="/wiki/Andal_Ampatuan_Jr." title="Andal Ampatuan Jr.">Andal Ampatuan Jr.</a>, took the occupants of the vehicles as hostages and ordered the policemen who were present to step aside.<a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a> According to the Inquirer, several of the gunmen were from the <a href="/wiki/Citizen_Armed_Force_Geographical_Unit" title="Citizen Armed Force Geographical Unit">Citizen Armed Force Geographical Unit</a> (CAFGU), an <a href="/wiki/Irregular_military" title="Irregular military">irregular</a> <a href="/wiki/Auxiliaries" title="Auxiliaries">auxiliary</a> force of the AFP, and civilian volunteer organizations (CVOs).<a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a> The gunmen initially forced the victims to get out and lie down on the ground and took their personal belongings from them, before ordering them back into their vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a> There were two other vehicles that were also present at the checkpoint but were not part of the convoy: a red <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Vios" title="Toyota Vios">Toyota Vios</a> and a light blue <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Tamaraw_FX" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Tamaraw FX">Toyota Tamaraw FX</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a> The Vios had five occupants: Eduardo Lechonsito, a government employee who was bound for a hospital in <a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato City</a> after suffering a mild stroke that morning; Lechonsito's wife Cecille; co-workers Mercy Palabrica and Daryll delos Reyes; and the driver Wilhelm Palabrica. The FX was driven by Anthony Ridao, an employee of the National Statistics Coordination Board and son of <a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato City</a> <a href="/wiki/Councilor" class="mw-redirect" title="Councilor">councilor</a> Marino Ridao.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> The occupants of these vehicles were also captured by the gunmen; apparently, they were mistaken as being part of the convoy. Some of Ampatuan Jr.'s men commandeered the waylaid vehicles and drove them out to a remote area of Ampatuan, where the victims were once again forced out of their vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a> During this time, Mangudadatu's wife made a phone call to her husband at around 10:15 am, in which she said that they were being held by at least 100 gunmen whom she identified as the men of Ampatuan Jr.<a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> The call was abruptly cut short when Ampatuan Jr. himself apparently pulled her out of the car she was in and slapped her, causing her to drop her cellphone.<a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a> Gunfire erupted shortly afterwards at around 10:30 am.<a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a> There is evidence that at least five of the female victims, four of them journalists, were raped before being killed,<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> while "practically all" of the women had been shot in their genitals.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> Mangudadatu's youngest sister and aunt were both pregnant at the time of their murders.<a href="#cite_note-pd12009-11-26-24">[23]</a> After the massacre had ended, the perpetrators began burying the victims in three <a href="/wiki/Mass_grave" title="Mass grave">mass graves</a>, which had been dug two days prior using a <a href="/wiki/Backhoe" title="Backhoe">backhoe</a> emblazoned with the name of Maguindanao Governor Andal Ampatuan Sr.<a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> A total of 35 bodies were found in these mass graves.<a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a> Though the perpetrators had intended to bury all of the victims, they were forced to flee after learning that military units were approaching their location.<a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a> The soldiers arrived at the site at 3:00 pm, more than four hours after the massacre took place.<a href="#cite_note-:2-18">[17]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> According to the authorities, the attack killed 58 people, including 32 journalists.<a href="#cite_note-zalds3-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-52_abs-cbn-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-46_AFP-30">[29]</a> However, the body of 58th victim was never found.<a href="#cite_note-zalds2-5">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> announced that at least 12 of the victims were journalists, making this the deadliest such incident in the history of news media.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> The National Union of Journalists in the Philippines originally estimated that a total of 20 journalists were killed, including an undisclosed number of NUJP members.<a href="#cite_note-52_abs-cbn-29">[28]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a> later updated the number of journalists killed to 34.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> On November 24, the president of the Philippines <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> responded to the news of the massacre by declaring a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> in Maguindanao, <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Kudarat" title="Sultan Kudarat">Sultan Kudarat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46_AFP-30">[29]</a> Speaker of the House <a href="/wiki/Prospero_Nograles" title="Prospero Nograles">Prospero Nograles</a> called on the police to quickly identify the perpetrators of the massacre and disarm private armies.<a href="#cite_note-Philstar-32">[31]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Department of Justice">Philippine Department of Justice</a> created a panel of special prosecutors to handle cases arising from the massacre.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Ecija" title="Nueva Ecija">Nueva Ecija</a> Rep. <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Nonato_N._Joson" class="mw-redirect" title="Eduardo Nonato N. Joson">Eduardo Nonato N. Joson</a> said the massacre might affect, or even lead to the cancellation of, the scheduled <a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2010 Philippine presidential election">2010 presidential elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Philstar-32">[31]</a> Candidates in the election condemned the massacre.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> On Wednesday, November 25, 2009, the executive committee of the <a href="/wiki/Lakas-Kampi-CMD" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakas-Kampi-CMD">Lakas-Kampi-CMD</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> unanimously voted to expel three members of the Ampatuan family – Maguindanao Gov. Datu Andal Ampatuan Sr. and his two sons, Gov. Datu <a href="/wiki/Zaldy_Ampatuan" title="Zaldy Ampatuan">Zaldy Ampatuan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao" title="Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao">Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao</a> (ARMM) and Mayor Andal Ampatuan Jr. – from the party for their alleged role in the Maguindanao massacre.<a href="#cite_note-pdi1-35">[34]</a> An emergency meeting of the Lakas-Kampi-CMD was held in <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a>, during which the Ampatuans were stripped of their membership.<a href="#cite_note-pdi-9">[8]</a> On Thursday, November 26, 2009, Ampatuan Jr. surrendered to his brother <a href="/wiki/Zaldy_Ampatuan" title="Zaldy Ampatuan">Zaldy</a>, was delivered to adviser to the peace process Jesus Dureza, then was flown to <a href="/wiki/General_Santos" title="General Santos">General Santos</a> on his way to <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, where he was taken to the <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Investigation_(Philippines)" title="National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines)">National Bureau of Investigation</a> (NBI) headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> Police in the Philippines charged Andal Ampatuan Jr. with murder.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> Ampatuan denied the charges, claiming that he was at the provincial capitol in Shariff Aguak when the massacre took place. He instead blamed the <a href="/wiki/Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front" title="Moro Islamic Liberation Front">Moro Islamic Liberation Front</a> (MILF), specifically Ombra Kato, as the mastermind, a charge the MILF dismissed as "absurd."<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Declaration_of_martial_law">Declaration of martial law</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Declaration of martial law" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On December 4, 2009, through Proclamation No. 1959, <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> officially placed <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao" title="Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a> province under a state of <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>, thereby suspending the privilege of the writ of <a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Executive Secretary Eduardo Ermita said the step was taken in order to avert the escalation of "lawless" violence in the province and pave the way for the swift arrest of the suspects in the massacre.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> Following the declaration, authorities carried out a raid on a warehouse owned by <a href="/wiki/Andal_Ampatuan_Jr." title="Andal Ampatuan Jr.">Andal Ampatuan Jr</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> The raid resulted in the confiscation of more than 330,000 rounds of <a href="/wiki/5.56%C3%9745mm_NATO" title="5.56×45mm NATO">5.56×45mm NATO</a> ammunition, a <a href="/wiki/High_Mobility_Multipurpose_Wheeled_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle">Humvee</a>, and an improvised <a href="/wiki/Armored_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored vehicle">armored vehicle</a>. Twenty <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militiamen</a> were arrested on the premises. Captain James Nicolas of Special Forces was able to retrieve more high powered firearms and ammo after the incident. In the same raid, the law enforcers also uncovered thousands of Voter's ID buried on the ground.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> The state of martial law in <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao" title="Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a> was lifted on December 13, 2009. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_fundraising">Media fundraising</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Media fundraising" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/UNTV-37" class="mw-redirect" title="UNTV-37">UNTV-37</a> arranged a fund-raising concert at the <a href="/wiki/Araneta_Coliseum" title="Araneta Coliseum">Araneta Coliseum</a> for the families of 32 members of the media who perished in the attack.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Police_operations">Police operations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Police operations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Philippine Police and soldiers raided several of the Ampatuan family's houses and homes, in Maguindanao's capital, Shariff Aguak, and next to the provincial headquarters, a compound surrounded by concrete walls about two metres (six feet) high and contains the homes of a number of Ampatuan clan members. Two of the other homes targeted in the raids belonged to Akmad Ampatuan, Ampatuan Snr's brother who is the vice governor of Maguindanao, according to national police chief Jesus Verzosa. Philippines National Police seized several <a href="/wiki/Armored_personnel_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored personnel carrier">armored personnel carriers</a>, over a thousand military weapons including machine guns, assault and sniper rifles, sub-machine guns, shotguns, pistols, mortar launchers and rounds, grenades, rocket launchers, and caches of ammo and several military uniforms in one house, several buried weapons, ammo and <a href="/wiki/COMELEC" class="mw-redirect" title="COMELEC">COMELEC</a> IDs in a vacant lot, rifles, shotguns, pistols, machine guns, SMGs and ammo, explosives and military uniforms in Zaldy's house. Andal's house had more weapons and ammo with military uniforms inside. The raids yielded weapons powerful enough to arm a battalion of soldiers, and ammo crates bears the name of <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Department of National Defense (Philippines)">DND</a> in the side, criticism further inflamed the discovery. These situations were facilitated by Philippine law, which permits local government officials to legally buy an unlimited number of weapons without any obligation to report the type or number purchased, in effect allowing these 'warlords' to literally 'own the people' of the area, and these situations facilitate the clandestine arming of militant groups with machines of war and military-grade weaponry from anonymous government backing.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Legal_proceedings">Legal proceedings</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legal proceedings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox scotus"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="font-style: italic">People of the Philippines v. Ampatuan Jr., et al.<hr></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Regional_Trial_Court.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Regional_Trial_Court.svg/180px-Regional_Trial_Court.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="712"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Regional_Trial_Court.svg/180px-Regional_Trial_Court.svg.png" data-width="180" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Regional_Trial_Court.svg/270px-Regional_Trial_Court.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Regional_Trial_Court.svg/360px-Regional_Trial_Court.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Court</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> <a href="/wiki/Regional_Trial_Court" title="Regional Trial Court">Regional Trial Court</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data">221 </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; background-color:#eee;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Full case name</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">People of the Philippines v. Datu Andal "Unsay" Ampatuan Jr., Datu Andal Ampatuan Sr., Datu Zaldy "Puti" U. Ampatuan, Datu Akmad "Tato" Ampatuan Sr., Datu Sajid Islam U. Ampatuan, Datu Anwar U. Ampatuan Sr., Takpan Dilon y Manibpol, PCINSP Sukarno A. Dicay, PSINSP Abdulgapor B. Abad, PSUPT Abusama Mundas Maguid al-Haj, PSUPT Bahnarin U. Kamaong, PSUPT Abdulwahid U. Pedtucasan, SPO2 George S. Labayan, SPO2 Badawi P. Bakal, SPO1 Oscar Donato, SPO1 Samad Usman Maguindra, SPO1 Alimola L. Guianaton, SPO1 Ali Mluk Solano, SPO1 Eduardo H. Ong, SPO1 Elizer S. Rendaje, PO3 Gibrael R. Alano, PO3 Felix Ababao Daquilos, PO3 Abibudin S. Abdulgani, PO3 Ricky D. Balanueco, PO3 Rasid T. Anton, PO3 Felix E. Enate Jr., PO2 Hamad Nana, PO2 Kendatu S. Rakim, PO2 Hernanie S. Decipulo Jr., PO2 Saudiar Ulah, PO2 Saudi Pasutan, PO2 Rexson D. Guiama, PO1 Herich Amaba, PO1 Badjun Ibad Panegas, PO1 Bensedick T. Alfonso, PO1 Mohammad K. Balading, PO1 Datu Jerry M. Utto, PO1 Abdula Baguadatu, PO1 Tamano Sahibal Hadi, PO1 Abdulbayan U. Mundas, PO1 Esprielito G. Lejarso, PO1 Esmael Manuel Guidal, PO1 Jimmy M. Kadtong, PO1 Marjul T. Julkadi, PO1 Abdurahman S. Batarasa, PO1 Abdulanan L. Saavedra, PO1 Marsman E. Nilong, PO1 Narkouk D. Mascud, PO1 Arnulfo A. Soriano, PO1 Rainer T. Ebus, PO1 Ebara G. Bebot, PO1 Pendatun A. Dima, PO1 Michael M. Macarongon, Datu Jimmy Ampatuan y Masukat, Datu Kanor Ampatuan, Datu Bahnarin A. Ampatuan, Datu Mama Ampatuan, Datu Saudi Ampatuan Jr., Datu Anwar Sajid "Ulo" U. Ampatuan, Datu Anwar "Ipi" U. Ampatuan Jr., Datu Harris Ampatuan, Datu Moning Ampatuan, Mogira Hadji Anggulat, Parido Zangkala Gogo, Jun Pendatun, Kagi Faizal, PINSP Rex Ariel T. Diongon, PINSP Michael Joy Macaraeg, PINSP Saudi M. Mokamad, PO2 Tany Dalgan, PO1 Amir Solaiman, PO1 Michael Madsig y Juanitas, PO1 Sandy D. Sabang, PO1 Ysmael Baraquir, PO1 Abbey Guiadem, PO1 Ebad Musa, PO1 Cader Datunot, PO1 Pia Kamidon, PO1 Dukoy Badal, PO1 Alfie Pagabangan, PO1 Warden Kusain Legawan, PO1 Jonathan Engid y Solaiman, PO1 Datu Nor Kadir, PO1 Joharto Kamindan, PO1 Anwar D. Masukat, Sgt. Abdullah Karim Falcon, Sgt. Banzar Maulana, Sgt. Abdul Sokor Abdullah, Sgt. Alnor Ampatuan, Datu Norodin "Nords" Datumanong Ampatuan, Hamid Delayudin, Datu Dainga Ampatuan, Rodel U. Ampatuan, Manny Upam Ampatuan, Misuari S. Ampatuan, Kertz B. Ampatuan, Tony Kenis Ampatuan, Jonathan S. Ampatuan, Intan B. Ampatuan, Mohades A. Ampatuan, Kagi Amar Ampatuan, Mohamad D. Ampatuan, Rek Tony T. Dek, Abas G. Anongan, Muhamad Sangki, Datutuhon M. Esmael, Alex U. Zaipon, Moactar T. Daud, Dhods A. Kamong, Alimudin S. Sanguyod, Fahad Watamama Utto, Surin K. Mentang, Haron K. Arob, Samsudin M. Daud, Theng P. Sali, Toktok K. Guiabal, Batuta G. Zailon, Macton A. Bilungan, Nasser S. Esmael, Abedin Alamada, Maot M. Bangkulat, Bong S. Andal, Mando M. Balangan, Rene Guiapal, Latip Gani, Alex Kadil, Kamper Silongan, Sukor S. Kamsa, Edres G. Kasan, Akad B. Macaton, Maot M. Dumla, Naser Talib, Sanggutin Musa, Rolex Kusen, Buto Umal, Surin Kayukay, Batuti K. Bara, Bassir L. Abdulmaguid, Gambayan M. Kasim, Mamugkay R. Camsa, Taya M. Bangkulat, Zamora G. Sambulawan, Salik S. Bangkulat, Tokan A. Pamsag, Abdul Maula E. Uday, Maguid S. Alba, Tho Akmad Amino, Tumi Timba Abas, Mads P. Utto, Abedin E. Kenny, Gie S. Takilid, Malaguial S. Tanuri, Zacaria P. Akil, Tintingan Kamad Makaalay, Andami M. Singkala, Nasrudin S. Guiamadil, Denga O. Mentol, Toy K. Datumanong, Samaon M. Andatuan, Kudza Masukat Uguia, Ibrahim Ibrahim, Salipad M. Tampogao, Talembo "Tammy" Masukat, Ben A. Mendog, Sahid A. Guiamadil, Abdullah Bacar Abdullah, Kominie K. Inggo, Esiam Mantawil, Mama Habib, Mohamad K. Macauyag, Rusty U. Daud, Kasim T. Lingkong, Abusama B. Guiapal, Rakim M. Amil, Datunot G. Ayob, Norman M. Tatak, Butukan S. Malang, Sonny K. Pindi, Kasim K. Dalending, Edris Tekay Nanding, Abdulkarim L. Manalasan, Maguid Amil Datun, Thong E. Guimano, Tino T. Sanday, Armando O. Ambalgan, Bolatokan Omar, Nasser M. Malaguia, Ebrahim M. Abon, Muktar Santo Kindu, Andro K. Awil, Upam S. Saudi, Samsudin R. Kamilon, Marco G. Enged, Dexson A. Saptula, Norhato M. Kamino, Mohamad T. Datumanong, Nasser I. Guia and Nasser Adam </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decided</th><td class="infobox-data">December 19, 2019 (2019-12-19)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citation</th><td class="infobox-data">Criminal Case Nos. Q-09-162148-72, Q-09162216-31, Q-10-162652-66, Q-10-163766, and GL-Q-12-173638</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Transcript(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/9464/">Decision</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_legal_terms#ponente" title="List of Philippine legal terms">Ponente</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Jocelyn Solis Reyes</td></tr></tbody></table> At least 198 suspects, including <a href="/wiki/Andal_Ampatuan_Jr." title="Andal Ampatuan Jr.">Andal Ampatuan Jr</a>. and <a href="/wiki/Andal_Ampatuan_Sr." title="Andal Ampatuan Sr.">Andal Ampatuan Sr</a>. and several other members of the Ampatuan clan, were charged with murder. In April 2010, the government dropped murder charges against <a href="/wiki/Zaldy_Ampatuan" title="Zaldy Ampatuan">Zaldy Ampatuan</a> and Akhmad Ampatuan, who had presented alibis. This led to protests by family members of the victims.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> Over a decade later, more than 80 of 197 suspects remained at large, including 12 Ampatuans, raising concerns over the safety of witnesses and relatives of the victims.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Joker_Arroyo" title="Joker Arroyo">Joker Arroyo</a> remarked that with nearly 200 defendants and 300 witnesses, the trial could take 200 years.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> Prosecution lawyer <a href="/wiki/Harry_Roque" title="Harry Roque">Harry Roque</a> computed that it would last more than 100 years.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> In a statement commemorating the massacre, the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Media_Freedom_and_Responsibility" title="Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility">Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility</a> remarked that the trial was "ongoing, but is rather moving slowly."<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> Andal Ampatuan Sr. was arraigned in a special court inside a Manila maximum-security prison on June 1, 2011, 18 months after he and a dozen family members were arrested over the killings. After a court clerk read the names of the 57 victims, he entered a plea of not guilty.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> As of November 23, 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit">[update]</a>, two years after the massacre, only Andal Sr. and his son Andal Jr. had been charged, and some 100 of the 197 persons listed on the charge sheet were still unaccounted for.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> On June 28, 2012, the Court of Appeals dismissed the petition of Anwar Ampatuan to have the murder charges against him quashed.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Anwar Ampatuan is the grandson of former Maguindanao governor Andal Ampatuan Sr., and is charged with 57 counts of murder. He was arrested in August 2012. In September 2012, the Quezon City Regional Trial Court deferred his arraignment pending resolution of a pending motion to determine if there is probable cause to prosecute him for the charged 57 counts of murder.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> In November 2012, acting on a motion filed by Andal Ampatuan Jr., the Supreme Court set guidelines disallowing the live media broadcast of the trial but allowing the filming of the proceedings for real-time transmissions to specified viewing areas and for documentation. This ruling was in reconsideration of an earlier ruling which had allowed live media coverage.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> On March 4, 2014, the prosecution rested its case against Datu Andal "Unsay" Ampatuan Jr and 27 other suspects. The prosecutors said at that time that they were not ready to rest their case against 76 other accused due to pending appeals.<a href="#cite_note-28rested-61">[60]</a> In August 2014, private prosecutors alleged that state prosecutors were compromising the case in exchange for bribes, saying that some of the state prosecutors were receiving bribes as large as PHP300 million.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> The Department of Justice issued an official statement where Supervising Undersecretary Francisco Baraan III and the Department of Justice Panel of Prosecutors denied having received any bribes. The statement also expressed that Baraan and the panel of prosecutors had the full trust and support of Justice Secretary Leila De Lima.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> Also in August 2014, several teams of defense lawyers representing the accused withdrew from the case, citing conflicts of interest among their clients and other reasons.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> On August 13, the court assigned a public lawyer to represent accused affected by the withdrawals, including Andal Ampatuan Sr. and his son Andal Jr.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> Datu Sajid Islam Ampatuan was granted bail in January 2015 as the prosecution failed to present strong evidence warranting his detention during trial. In September, the court denied the bail petition of Ampatuan Sr's other son and one of the main accused, former Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) governor <a href="/wiki/Zaldy_Ampatuan" title="Zaldy Ampatuan">Zaldy Ampatuan</a>. The death of Andal Ampatuan Sr. on July 17, 2015, due to complications brought about by liver cancer, removed him from the legal proceedings. The Department of Justice started the probe of 50 new suspects with a preliminary investigation in March 2015.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> In a landmark ruling reported on July 6, 2017, the special court handling the trial dismissed for lack of evidence the multiple murder case filed against three suspects: Kominie Inggo, Dexson Saptula and Abas Anongan.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> On November 22, 2017, the Public Information Office of the Supreme Court said in a briefing that around a third of the 103 accused who remain on trial had finished presenting their evidence and that, under the guidelines issued by the Supreme Court specifically applying to this case only, the court may render judgment separately and not wait for all the accused to conclude presenting their evidence.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> On June 21, 2018, Philippine Justice Secretary Menardo Guevarra said that he expected the case to be concluded in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> In a later statement on November 21, he said that he was hopeful of a decision within the first half of 2019.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> On August 8, 2019, Justice Secretary Menardo Guevarra said that the case may be decided before its 10th anniversary on November 23.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verdict">Verdict</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Verdict" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On December 19, 2019, Quezon City Regional Trial Court (RTC) Branch 221 <a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Solis-Reyes" title="Jocelyn Solis-Reyes">Judge Jocelyn Solis Reyes</a> served her judgment on the case at a special court session held at Camp Bagong Diwa in <a href="/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig">Taguig</a>. In her verdict, the Ampatuan brothers—namely Datu Andal Ampatuan Jr. and Zaldy Ampatuan—were convicted of 57 counts of <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a> and sentenced to <a href="/wiki/Reclusion_perpetua" class="mw-redirect" title="Reclusion perpetua">reclusion perpetua</a> without <a href="/wiki/Parole" title="Parole">parole</a>. 28 co-accused (including police officers) were also convicted of 57 counts of murder and sentenced to 40 years; an additional 15 were sentenced to 6–10 years for being accessories to the crime. 55 others, including Datu Sajid Islam Ampatuan, brother of Zaldy and Andal Jr. and the mayor of <a href="/wiki/Shariff_Saydona_Mustapha,_Maguindanao" class="mw-redirect" title="Shariff Saydona Mustapha, Maguindanao">Shariff Saydona Mustapha, Maguindanao</a>, were acquitted.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-zalds2-5">[4]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Victims">Victims</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Victims" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intramurosjf9916_41.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Intramurosjf9916_41.JPG/220px-Intramurosjf9916_41.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Intramurosjf9916_41.JPG/220px-Intramurosjf9916_41.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Intramurosjf9916_41.JPG/330px-Intramurosjf9916_41.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Intramurosjf9916_41.JPG/440px-Intramurosjf9916_41.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Monument, National Press Club of the Philippines</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mangudadatu_family_and_associates">Mangudadatu family and associates</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mangudadatu family and associates" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>Genalyn Tiamson-Mangudadatu </td> <td>Wife of Esmael Mangudadatu. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eden Mangudadatu </td> <td>Municipal Vice Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Mangudadatu,_Maguindanao" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangudadatu, Maguindanao">Mangudadatu, Maguindanao</a>, sister of Esmael Mangudadatu. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rowena Mangudadatu </td> <td>Cousin of Esmael Mangudadatu. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manguba Mangudadatu </td> <td>Aunt of Esmael Mangudadatu.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer237983-73">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Faridah Sabdulah </td> <td>Lawyer<a href="#cite_note-inquirer20091123-74">[73]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Farida Mangudadatu </td> <td>Sister of Esmael Mangudadatu.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer237983-73">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Farina Mangudadatu </td> <td>Sister of Esmael Mangudadatu. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Concepcion "Connie" Brizuela, 56 </td> <td>Lawyer.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cynthia Oquendo, 36 </td> <td>Lawyer. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Catalino Oquendo </td> <td>Cynthia Oquendo's father. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rasul Daud </td> <td>Driver of Sultan Kudarat Rep. Pax Mangudadatu.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer237983-73">[72]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journalists">Journalists</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Journalists" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Thirty-four <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalists</a> are known to have been abducted and killed in the massacre, according to the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a> as of November 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit">[update]</a>, only 25 had been positively identified.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>Alejandro "Bong" Reblando,<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> 53 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manila_Bulletin" title="Manila Bulletin">Manila Bulletin</a> correspondent,<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> a former <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> reporter.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Henry Araneta </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DZRH" title="DZRH">DZRH</a> correspondent based in <a href="/wiki/General_Santos" title="General Santos">General Santos</a><a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Napoleon "Nap" Salaysay<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=DZRO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DZRO (page does not exist)">DZRO</a> manager. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bartolome "Bart" Maravilla </td> <td>Bombo Radyo <a href="/wiki/Koronadal" title="Koronadal">Koronadal</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a>.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jhoy Duhay </td> <td>Goldstar Daily.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andy Teodoro </td> <td>Central Mindanao Inquirer reporter.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ian Subang </td> <td>Mindanao Focus, a <a href="/wiki/General_Santos" title="General Santos">General Santos</a>-based weekly community newspaper.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leah Dalmacio </td> <td>Mindanao Focus reporter.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gina Dela Cruz </td> <td>Mindanao Focus reporter.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maritess Cablitas </td> <td>Mindanao Focus reporter.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Neneng Montano </td> <td>Saksi weekly newspaper reporter.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Victor Nuñez </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DWAO-TV" title="DWAO-TV">UNTV</a> reporter.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ronnie I. Diola </td> <td>UNTV cameraman. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jolito Evardo </td> <td>UNTV editor </td></tr> <tr> <td>Daniel Tiamson </td> <td>UNTV driver </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reynaldo Momay </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koronadal" title="Koronadal">Koronadal</a>-based journalist.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rey Merisco </td> <td>Koronadal-based journalist.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ronnie Perante </td> <td>Koronadal-based journalist.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jun Legarta </td> <td>Koronadal-based journalist.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Val Cachuela </td> <td>Koronadal-based journalist.<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Santos "Jun" Gatchalian </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a>-based journalist. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joel Parcon<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Freelance_journalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Freelance journalist">Freelance journalist</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Noel Decena<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td> <td>Freelance journalist. </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Caniba<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td> <td>Freelance journalist. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Art Betia<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td> <td>Freelance journalist. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ranie Razon<a href="#cite_note-inquirer238100-10">[9]</a> </td> <td>Freelance journalist. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Archie Ace David </td> <td>Freelance journalist. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fernanado "Ferdz" Mendoza </td> <td>Freelance driver. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_civilian_casualties">Other civilian casualties</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other civilian casualties" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <dl><dt>Red Toyota Vios</dt></dl> Number of casualties: 5. They were supposedly mistaken as part of the convoy.<a href="#cite_note-GMANews.tv-78">[77]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>Eduardo Lechonsito </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tacurong" title="Tacurong">Tacurong</a> government employee. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cecille Lechonsito </td> <td>Wife of Eduardo Lechonsito. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mercy Palabrica </td> <td>Co-worker of Eduardo Lechonsito. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Daryll delos Reyes </td> <td>Co-worker of Eduardo Lechonsito. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wilhelm Palabrica<a href="#cite_note-GMANews.tv-78">[77]</a> </td> <td>Driver. </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Blue Toyota FX</dt></dl> Number of casualties: 1. Mistaken as part of the convoy.<a href="#cite_note-maptimeline-6">[5]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>Anthony Ridao </td> <td>National Statistics Coordination Board employee and son of Cotabato City councilor Marino Ridao. </td></tr> </tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Human_Rights_Watch_report">Human Rights Watch report</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Human Rights Watch report" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> On November 16, 2010, the international <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organization</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> issued a 96-page report titled "They Own the People", charting the Ampatuans’ rise to power, including their use of violence to expand their control and eliminate threats to the family's rule.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> The report links the Ampatuans to at least 56 other killings over the last 20 years, apart from the November 23, 2009, massacre.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: In popular culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UPDilimanjf3492_11.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/UPDilimanjf3492_11.JPG/225px-UPDilimanjf3492_11.JPG" decoding="async" width="225" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 225px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/UPDilimanjf3492_11.JPG/225px-UPDilimanjf3492_11.JPG" data-width="225" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/UPDilimanjf3492_11.JPG/338px-UPDilimanjf3492_11.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/UPDilimanjf3492_11.JPG/450px-UPDilimanjf3492_11.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/283235/news/nation/symbolic-impuni-tree-planted-for-3rd-anniversary-of-maguindanao-massacre">Symbolic 'Impuni-tree' planted for 3rd anniversary of Maguindanao massacre</a> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_College_of_Mass_Communication" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Philippines College of Mass Communication">University of the Philippines College of Mass Communication</a>, <a href="/wiki/UP_Diliman" class="mw-redirect" title="UP Diliman">UP Diliman</a>).</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/History_(South_East_Asian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (South East Asian TV channel)">History Asia</a> premiered a documentary on the Maguindanao massacre entitled The Maguindanao Massacre on September 26, 2010.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> Filipino-American rap artist <a href="/wiki/Bambu_(rapper)" title="Bambu (rapper)">Bambu</a>'s 2012 album, ...one rifle per family., features a song titled Massacre detailing the massacre from the point of view of a journalist who witnessed the rape, mutilation, and murder of his family.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> In July 2014, in memory of the five-year anniversary of the massacre, Sacramento-based author Victoria Conlu released a novel titled Portraits of a Massacre, a fictionalized retelling set in a province similar to Maguindanao. Reviews have called the book "a stirringly severe literary intervention".<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> The 2017 painting The Modern Holocaust (The Maguindanao Massacre) by the Filipino artist <a href="/wiki/Romulo_Galicano" title="Romulo Galicano">Romulo Galicano</a> commemorates the massacre victims. It became a finalist in the 2017–2018 <a href="/wiki/Art_Renewal_Center" title="Art Renewal Center">Art Renewal Center Salon</a> competition.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> The 2021 crime thriller <a href="/wiki/On_the_Job:_The_Missing_8" title="On the Job: The Missing 8">On the Job: The Missing 8</a> (also known as On the Job 2 is partly inspired by the case. In the film, 8 people, mostly journalists, were ambushed, killed and was believed to be buried under the orders of their town's mayor, by an inmate who is routinely released from prison to carry out assassinations. The director Erik Matti said to <a href="/wiki/New_Musical_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="New Musical Express">New Musical Express</a> (NME) that the film's themes were about tackling corruption in the Philippine media and would deliver a social commentary on the current state of the Philippine government.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> An upcoming adult animated documentary film <a href="/wiki/58th" title="58th">58th</a> would similarly portrayed the massacre and the missing of the last victim that never found, directed by Carl Joseph Papa.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Sexual_assaults">Sexual assaults</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sexual assaults" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> Lara Tan reporting for <a href="/wiki/CNN_Philippines" title="CNN Philippines">CNN Philippines</a> on December 20, 2019, reported that three of the massacre's female victims, Rahima Palawan, Leah Dalmacio, and Cecil Lechonsito, were all devout and peaceful adherents of the Muslim faith, believing that women should not be raped or murdered while exercising the right to free speech.<a href="#cite_note-:0-87">[86]</a> The Quezon City Regional Trial Court found that the three women had been sexually assaulted and mutilated. In her 761-page decision, Judge Jocelyn Solis-Reyes cited the findings of Dr. Dean Cabrera, a medico-legal officer from the Philippines National Police Crime Laboratory who conducted <a href="/wiki/Forensic_science" title="Forensic science">forensic science</a> examinations on the women victims.<a href="#cite_note-:0-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killings_and_forced_disappearances_in_the_Philippines" title="Extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances in the Philippines">Extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_to_End_Impunity" class="mw-redirect" title="International Day to End Impunity">International Day to End Impunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_under_the_Arroyo_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="List of journalists killed under the Arroyo administration">List of journalists killed under the Arroyo administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_the_Philippines" title="List of massacres in the Philippines">List of massacres in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Mamasapano_clash" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Mamasapano clash">2015 Mamasapano clash</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> The body of Reynaldo Momay, the 58th victim, was never found.<a href="#cite_note-zalds4-1">[1]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-zalds4-1"><a href="#cite_ref-zalds4_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription 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.cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/719617/ampatuans-convicted-over-2009-maguindanao-massacre/story/">"Andal Jr, several other Ampatuans convicted over Maguindanao massacre"</a>. 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July 12, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130127083748/http://www.cmfr-phil.org/ampatuanwatch/2012/07/appellate-court-affirms-indictment-of-another-ampatuan/">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2013. 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July 11, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121026002845/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/227395/appellate-court-junks-plea-to-dismiss-murder-raps-vs-anwar-ampatuan">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Appellate+court+junks+plea+to+dismiss+murder+raps+vs+Anwar+Ampatuan&rft.date=2012-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F227395%2Fappellate-court-junks-plea-to-dismiss-murder-raps-vs-anwar-ampatuan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/264602/qc-court-defers-arraignment-of-ampatuan-grandson">"QC court defers arraignment of Ampatuan grandson"</a>. Philippine Daily Inquirer. September 5, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120907085502/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/264602/qc-court-defers-arraignment-of-ampatuan-grandson">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=QC+court+defers+arraignment+of+Ampatuan+grandson&rft.date=2012-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F264602%2Fqc-court-defers-arraignment-of-ampatuan-grandson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/381008/sc-no-live-coverage#.UKA-f-RJ4Zk">"SC: No Live Coverage"</a>. Manila Bulletin. November 11, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121115001003/http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/381008/sc-no-live-coverage#.UKA-f-RJ4Zk">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Bulletin&rft.atitle=SC%3A+No+Live+Coverage&rft.date=2012-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mb.com.ph%2Farticles%2F381008%2Fsc-no-live-coverage%23.UKA-f-RJ4Zk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28rested-61"><a href="#cite_ref-28rested_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/nation/52124-prosecution-rests-case-ampatuan-massacre-trial">"Prosecution rests case vs Andal Ampatuan Jr, 27 others"</a>. Rappler. March 4, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160521214946/http://www.rappler.com/nation/52124-prosecution-rests-case-ampatuan-massacre-trial">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Prosecution+rests+case+vs+Andal+Ampatuan+Jr%2C+27+others&rft.date=2014-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2F52124-prosecution-rests-case-ampatuan-massacre-trial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dzrhnews.com/private-prosecutors-support-state-lawyers-rest-case-against-some-accused-maguindanao-massacre/">"Private prosecutors hits fellow prosecutors for allegations of bribing in Maguindanao massacre AUGUST 7, 2014"</a>. dzrhnews.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140807155737/http://dzrhnews.com/private-prosecutors-support-state-lawyers-rest-case-against-some-accused-maguindanao-massacre/">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2014. Retrieved September 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=dzrhnews.com&rft.atitle=Private+prosecutors+hits+fellow+prosecutors+for+allegations+of+bribing+in+Maguindanao+massacre+AUGUST+7%2C+2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdzrhnews.com%2Fprivate-prosecutors-support-state-lawyers-rest-case-against-some-accused-maguindanao-massacre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doj.gov.ph/news.html?title=Statement%20of%20the%20DOJ%20Panel%20of%20Prosecutors%20in%20the%20Maguindanao%20Massacre%20Cases&newsid=300">"Statement of the DOJ Panel of Prosecutors in the Maguindanao Massacre Cases"</a>. Philippine Department of justice. August 5, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141215052133/http://www.doj.gov.ph/news.html?title=Statement%20of%20the%20DOJ%20Panel%20of%20Prosecutors%20in%20the%20Maguindanao%20Massacre%20Cases&newsid=300">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2014. Retrieved September 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+of+the+DOJ+Panel+of+Prosecutors+in+the+Maguindanao+Massacre+Cases&rft.pub=Philippine+Department+of+justice&rft.date=2014-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doj.gov.ph%2Fnews.html%3Ftitle%3DStatement%2520of%2520the%2520DOJ%2520Panel%2520of%2520Prosecutors%2520in%2520the%2520Maguindanao%2520Massacre%2520Cases%26newsid%3D300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/373946/news/nation/ampatuan-lawyers-withdraw-from-maguindanao-massacre-case">"Ampatuan lawyers withdraw from Maguindanao massacre case"</a>. GMA News. August 8, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810012158/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/373946/news/nation/ampatuan-lawyers-withdraw-from-maguindanao-massacre-case">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2014. Retrieved September 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News&rft.atitle=Ampatuan+lawyers+withdraw+from+Maguindanao+massacre+case&rft.date=2014-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F373946%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fampatuan-lawyers-withdraw-from-maguindanao-massacre-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmfr-phil.org/ampatuanwatch/">"Court assigns public lawyer for Ampatuans"</a>. The Philippine Star. August 14, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110130122625/http://www.cmfr-phil.org/ampatuanwatch/">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2011. Retrieved January 21, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Court+assigns+public+lawyer+for+Ampatuans&rft.date=2014-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmfr-phil.org%2Fampatuanwatch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/113484-maguindanao-massacre-6th-year-updates">"6 updates on Maguindanao Massacre's 6th year"</a>. Rappler. November 23, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151122135459/http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/113484-maguindanao-massacre-6th-year-updates">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2015. Retrieved November 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=6+updates+on+Maguindanao+Massacre%27s+6th+year&rft.date=2015-11-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnewsbreak%2Fiq%2F113484-maguindanao-massacre-6th-year-updates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/07/06/1717230/3-maguindanao-massacre-suspects-acquitted-lack-evidence">"3 Maguindanao massacre suspects acquitted for lack of evidence"</a>. The Philippine Star. July 6, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181019061246/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/07/06/1717230/3-maguindanao-massacre-suspects-acquitted-lack-evidence">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=3+Maguindanao+massacre+suspects+acquitted+for+lack+of+evidence&rft.date=2017-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2017%2F07%2F06%2F1717230%2F3-maguindanao-massacre-suspects-acquitted-lack-evidence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/634077/maguindanao-massacre-trial-update-31-accused-done-presenting-defense/story/">"Maguindanao massacre trial update: 31 accused done presenting defense"</a>. GMA News. November 22, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181123154229/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/634077/maguindanao-massacre-trial-update-31-accused-done-presenting-defense/story/">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News&rft.atitle=Maguindanao+massacre+trial+update%3A+31+accused+done+presenting+defense&rft.date=2017-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F634077%2Fmaguindanao-massacre-trial-update-31-accused-done-presenting-defense%2Fstory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/657712/justice-chief-expects-winding-up-maguindanao-massacre-trial-this-year/story/">"Justice chief expects 'winding up' of Maguindanao massacre trial this year"</a>. GMA News. June 21, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181123154444/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/657712/justice-chief-expects-winding-up-maguindanao-massacre-trial-this-year/story/">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News&rft.atitle=Justice+chief+expects+%27winding+up%27+of+Maguindanao+massacre+trial+this+year&rft.date=2018-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F657712%2Fjustice-chief-expects-winding-up-maguindanao-massacre-trial-this-year%2Fstory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bworldonline.com/partial-judgement-on-maguindanao-massacre-case-expected-by-q1-2019/">"Maguindanao massacre case resolution early 2019 – DOJ"</a>. BusinessWorld. November 22, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062905/https://www.bworldonline.com/partial-judgement-on-maguindanao-massacre-case-expected-by-q1-2019/">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2019. 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August 8, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905125242/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1151913/decision-for-maguindanao-massacre-likely-out-before-10th-anniversary-in-nov-guevarra">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Decision+for+Maguindanao+massacre+likely+out+before+10th+anniversary+in+Nov.+%E2%80%93+Guevarra&rft.date=2019-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F1151913%2Fdecision-for-maguindanao-massacre-likely-out-before-10th-anniversary-in-nov-guevarra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/nation/247380-ampatuan-brothers-guilty-ampatuan-maguindanao-massacre-case">"Ampatuan brothers convicted in 10-year massacre case"</a>. Rappler. December 19, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413233614/https://www.rappler.com/nation/247380-ampatuan-brothers-guilty-ampatuan-maguindanao-massacre-case">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Ampatuan+brothers+convicted+in+10-year+massacre+case&rft.date=2019-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2F247380-ampatuan-brothers-guilty-ampatuan-maguindanao-massacre-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inquirer237983-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inquirer237983_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inquirer237983_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inquirer237983_73-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091125162244/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20091124-237983/List-of-victims-in-Maguindanao-massacre">"List of victims in Maguindanao massacre"</a>. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20091124-237983/List-of-victims-in-Maguindanao-massacre">the original</a> on November 25, 2009. Retrieved November 13, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=List+of+victims+in+Maguindanao+massacre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2Finquirerheadlines%2Fnation%2Fview%2F20091124-237983%2FList-of-victims-in-Maguindanao-massacre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inquirer20091123-74"><a href="#cite_ref-inquirer20091123_74-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://services.inquirer.net/mobile/09/11/23/html_output/xmlhtml/20091123-237939-xml.html">AFP: Maguindanao death toll may reach 43</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402102107/http://services.inquirer.net/mobile/09/11/23/html_output/xmlhtml/20091123-237939-xml.html">Archived</a> April 2, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (November 23, 2009), Philippine Daily Inquirer. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091127073648/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20091124-238088/Slain-lawyers-among-most-ardent-peace-advocates-in-Mindanao">"Slain lawyers among most ardent peace advocates in Mindanao"</a>. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20091124-238088/Slain-lawyers-among-most-ardent-peace-advocates-in-Mindanao">the original</a> on November 27, 2009. Retrieved November 25, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Slain+lawyers+among+most+ardent+peace+advocates+in+Mindanao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2Fbreakingnews%2Fnation%2Fview%2F20091124-238088%2FSlain-lawyers-among-most-ardent-peace-advocates-in-Mindanao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141104110608/http://www.news.davaoseo.org/maguindanao-massacre/">"Maguindanao Massacre"</a>. GMANetwork. February 17, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.davaoseo.org/maguindanao-massacre/">the original</a> on November 4, 2014. Retrieved November 4, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maguindanao+Massacre&rft.pub=GMANetwork&rft.date=2010-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.davaoseo.org%2Fmaguindanao-massacre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTran2009" class="citation news cs1">Tran, Mark (November 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/26/philippines-massacre-politician-charged">"Philippines massacre: police charge local politician with murder"</a>. Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130908080738/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/26/philippines-massacre-politician-charged">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guardian&rft.atitle=Philippines+massacre%3A+police+charge+local+politician+with+murder&rft.date=2009-11-26&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fnov%2F26%2Fphilippines-massacre-politician-charged&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GMANews.tv-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GMANews.tv_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GMANews.tv_78-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanews.tv/story/177776/innocent-motorists-among-massacre-victims-in-ampatuan">"Innocent motorists among massacre victims in Ampatuan"</a>. GMA News. November 25, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100614021038/http://www.gmanews.tv/story/177776/innocent-motorists-among-massacre-victims-in-ampatuan">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2010. Retrieved November 25, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News&rft.atitle=Innocent+motorists+among+massacre+victims+in+Ampatuan&rft.date=2009-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanews.tv%2Fstory%2F177776%2Finnocent-motorists-among-massacre-victims-in-ampatuan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2010/11/17/they-own-people">"They Own the People"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140528031505/http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2010/11/17/they-own-people">Archived</a> May 28, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (November 16, 2010), Human Rights Watch. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Mark D. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyasia.com/synopsis.aspx?libId=1290&sId=742&sTime=180">the original</a> on September 26, 2010. 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Retrieved June 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=...one+rifle+per+family.+%7C+Bambu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbambubeatrock.bandcamp.com%2Falbum%2Fone-rifle-per-family&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaborro" class="citation news cs1">Gaborro, Allen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://filamstar.net/lifenhomenews/1990-portraits-of-a-massacre.html">"Portraits of a Massacre Book Review"</a>. FilAm Star. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185408/http://filamstar.net/lifenhomenews/1990-portraits-of-a-massacre.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Portraits+of+a+Massacre+Book+Review&rft.aulast=Gaborro&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffilamstar.net%2Flifenhomenews%2F1990-portraits-of-a-massacre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artrenewal.org/13thARCSalon/Artwork/ByCategory/28442#content">"ARC / The Modern Holocaust (The Maguindanao Massacre) by Romulo Galicano"</a>. Art Renewal Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220813010540/https://www.artrenewal.org/13thARCSalon/Artwork/ByCategory/28442#content">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved May 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Art+Renewal+Center&rft.atitle=ARC+%2F+The+Modern+Holocaust+%28The+Maguindanao+Massacre%29+by+Romulo+Galicano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artrenewal.org%2F13thARCSalon%2FArtwork%2FByCategory%2F28442%23content&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/en_asia/features/pinoy-director-erik-matti-on-the-job-sequel-political-angst-2887418">"Director Erik Matti on the sequel to 'On The Job': "Yes, it's an angry movie""</a>. <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a>. February 24, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531082644/https://www.nme.com/en_asia/features/pinoy-director-erik-matti-on-the-job-sequel-political-angst-2887418">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2022. Retrieved June 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=Director+Erik+Matti+on+the+sequel+to+%27On+The+Job%27%3A+%22Yes%2C+it%27s+an+angry+movie%22&rft.date=2021-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fen_asia%2Ffeatures%2Fpinoy-director-erik-matti-on-the-job-sequel-political-angst-2887418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNews2024" class="citation web cs1">News, GMA Integrated (November 23, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/showbiz/chikaminute/927958/gma-public-affairs-gma-pictures-release-teaser-for-58th-a-film-about-the-maguindanao-massacre/story/">"GMA Public Affairs, GMA Pictures release teaser for '58th,' a film about the Maguindanao massacre"</a>. GMA News Online. Retrieved November 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GMA+News+Online&rft.atitle=GMA+Public+Affairs%2C+GMA+Pictures+release+teaser+for+%2758th%2C%27+a+film+about+the+Maguindanao+massacre&rft.date=2024-11-23&rft.aulast=News&rft.aufirst=GMA+Integrated&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fshowbiz%2Fchikaminute%2F927958%2Fgma-public-affairs-gma-pictures-release-teaser-for-58th-a-film-about-the-maguindanao-massacre%2Fstory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_87-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTan2019" class="citation news cs1">Tan, Lara (December 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603093113/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/12/20/Maguindanao-massacre-women-rape-sperm-.html">"3 Maguindanao massacre victims sexually assaulted, court says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN_Philippines" title="CNN Philippines">CNN Philippines</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/12/20/Maguindanao-massacre-women-rape-sperm-.html">the original</a> on June 3, 2022. Retrieved September 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+Philippines&rft.atitle=3+Maguindanao+massacre+victims+sexually+assaulted%2C+court+says&rft.date=2019-12-20&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Lara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnnphilippines.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F12%2F20%2FMaguindanao-massacre-women-rape-sperm-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViray2019" class="citation news cs1">Viray, Patricia Lourdes (December 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/12/19/1978315/traces-semen-found-3-female-ampatuan-massacre-victims">"Traces of semen found in 3 female Ampatuan massacre victims"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230331210920/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/12/19/1978315/traces-semen-found-3-female-ampatuan-massacre-victims">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved September 1, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Traces+of+semen+found+in+3+female+Ampatuan+massacre+victims&rft.date=2019-12-19&rft.aulast=Viray&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Lourdes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2019%2F12%2F19%2F1978315%2Ftraces-semen-found-3-female-ampatuan-massacre-victims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConlu,_Victoria2014" class="citation book cs1">Conlu, Victoria (2014). Portraits of a Massacre. Victoria Conlu. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1304021601" title="Special:BookSources/978-1304021601"><bdi>978-1304021601</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portraits+of+a+Massacre&rft.pub=Victoria+Conlu&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1304021601&rft.au=Conlu%2C+Victoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuman_Rights_Watch_(Organization)2010" class="citation book cs1">Human Rights Watch (Organization) (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qV6wZwEACAAJ">"They Own the People": The Ampatuans, State-Backed Militias and Killings in the Southern Philippines</a>. Human Rights Watch. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56432-710-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56432-710-9"><bdi>978-1-56432-710-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22They+Own+the+People%22%3A+The+Ampatuans%2C+State-Backed+Militias+and+Killings+in+the+Southern+Philippines&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-56432-710-9&rft.au=Human+Rights+Watch+%28Organization%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqV6wZwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"> (readable online <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/2010/11/17/they-own-people">here</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dbvgyS6dms">Journeyman Pictures: "Turning a Blind Eye"</a> 2010</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1943191,00.html">Behind the Philippines' Maguindanao Massacre</a>, November 27, 2009, TIME magazine.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130131140047/http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=632716&publicationSubCategoryId=63">"The Maguindanao Massacre: A Timeline"</a>. The Philippine Star. November 23, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=632716&publicationSubCategoryId=63">the original</a> on January 31, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=The+Maguindanao+Massacre%3A+A+Timeline&rft.date=2010-11-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2FArticle.aspx%3FarticleId%3D632716%26publicationSubCategoryId%3D63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaguindanao+massacre" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/maguindanaomassacre">"Maguindinao Massacre Timeline"</a>. 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style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&oldid=1259131004">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&oldid=1259131004</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Maguindanao_massacre&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 23 November 2024, at 15:03 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqindanao_q%C9%99tliam%C4%B1" title="Maqindanao qətliamı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maqindanao qətliamı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massaker_in_Maguindanao_2009" title="Massaker in Maguindanao 2009 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Massaker in Maguindanao 2009" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matanza_de_Maguind%C3%A1nao" title="Matanza de Maguindánao – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Matanza de Maguindánao" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_de_Maguindanao" title="Massacre de Maguindanao – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Massacre de Maguindanao" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembantaian_Maguindanao" title="Pembantaian Maguindanao – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pembantaian Maguindanao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacro_di_Maguindanao" title="Massacro di Maguindanao – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Massacro di Maguindanao" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%95%E1%83%90-%E1%83%9F%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="მაგინდანაოს ხოცვა-ჟლეტა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაგინდანაოს ხოცვა-ჟლეტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembunuhan_beramai-ramai_Maguindanao" title="Pembunuhan beramai-ramai Maguindanao – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pembunuhan beramai-ramai Maguindanao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maguindanao-massakren" title="Maguindanao-massakren – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maguindanao-massakren" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Резня в Магинданао – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Резня в Магинданао" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maguindanaon_veril%C3%B6yly" title="Maguindanaon verilöyly – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maguindanaon verilöyly" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaker_sa_Maguindanao" title="Masaker sa Maguindanao – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Masaker sa Maguindanao" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="மகுயிண்டனாவோ படுகொலை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மகுயிண்டனாவோ படுகொலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A3m_s%C3%A1t_Maguindanao" title="Thảm sát Maguindanao – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thảm sát Maguindanao" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E5%B9%B4Maguindanao%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="2009年Maguindanao屠殺 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="2009年Maguindanao屠殺" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%AC%E9%81%94%E7%91%99%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="馬京達瑙大屠殺 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="馬京達瑙大屠殺" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> 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