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analysis</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: primary analysis"> <meta name="keywords" content="primary analysis"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="primary analysis"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 30699</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: primary analysis</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30699</span> Education for Sustainable Development and Primary Education in China: A Case Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronghui%20%28Kevin%29%20Zhou">Ronghui (Kevin) Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research intends to explore the enactment of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), in term of the ESD concept, in primary schools in China, and investigate the factors that have positively or negatively impacted the outcome of ESD in urban primary schools in China. The proposed research question is: how is the ESD concept perceived and enacted by the local education stakeholders. This research is conducted in multiple primary schools in China and has questionnaired and interviewed multiple education stakeholders, including school principals, school teachers, and bureau from the municipal Ministry of Education. Factor analysis, regression analysis, and critical discourse analysis are adopted to interpret and analyze the data. The preliminary findings suggest that contested ESD definition, education system pressures, education policy enforcement, and power dynamics between stakeholders are the key factors that have determined to what degree is ESD enacted, and to what extent is ESD practiced in primary schools in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20for%20sustainable%20development" title="education for sustainable development">education for sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20education" title=" primary education"> primary education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125546/education-for-sustainable-development-and-primary-education-in-china-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30698</span> Comparative Analysis of Teachers’ Performance in Private and Public Primary Schools in Oyo State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babajide%20Solomon%20Faloore">Babajide Solomon Faloore </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study on the comparative analysis of the performance of teachers in private and public schools was carried out in Ibadan North West Local Government Area of Oyo State. This study examined the justification for the claim that there is a difference in the performance of teachers in private and public primary schools and at the same time identified factors responsible for the difference in the performance of these teachers. A descriptive survey research design was used for the study. Data generated were analyzed using t-test and regression analysis. The findings of the study revealed that there is significance difference in the performance of teachers in private and private primary schools in Ibadan North West Local Government Area of Oyo State( t=64.09; df=459; p,.05). The findings also revealed that the method of teaching in private primary schools is significantly different from the method of teaching in public primary schools in Ibadan North West Local Government Area of Oyo State (t=73.08; df=459; p,.05). Findings revealed that school leadership and management have a significant contribution on the performance of private and public primary school teachers in Ibadan North West Local Area of Oyo State. Based on the finding, the following recommendations were made: Primary school teachers need to be motivated and rewarded for excellent performance. Primary schools should be properly equipped with teaching–aid facilities, laboratories, and libraries. The government should use the findings of this study to improve on teaching materials provided to the primary school teachers in Nigeria. Public primary schools should be designed by education planners, administrators, and government. Headmasters, proprietors, and teachers of primary schools should look inward and give a performance appraisal and evaluation of themselves from time to time based on the subject they taught. Finally, school administrators should be conscious of the way they manage the teachers in schools not only in informal situations but also in formal settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20education" title="private education">private education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20education" title=" public education"> public education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20leadership" title=" school leadership"> school leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20management" title=" school management"> school management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers%20performance" title=" teachers performance "> teachers performance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15981/comparative-analysis-of-teachers-performance-in-private-and-public-primary-schools-in-oyo-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30697</span> Comparative Analysis of Teachers’ Performance in Private and Public Primary Schools in Oyo State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oyetunji%20John%20Adenuga">Oyetunji John Adenuga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study on the comparative analysis of the performance of teachers in private and public schools was carried out in Ibadan North West Local Government Area of Oyo State. This study examined the justification for the claim that there is difference in the performance of teachers in private and public primary schools and at the same time identified factors responsible for the difference in the performance of these teachers. A descriptive survey research design was used for the study. Data generated were analysed using t-test and regression analysis. The findings of the study revealed that there is significant difference in the performance of teachers in private and private primary schools in Ibadan North West Local Government Area of Oyo State (t=64.09; df=459; p,.05). The findings also revealed that the method of teaching in private primary schools is significantly different from the method of teaching in public primary schools in Ibadan North West Local Government Area of Oyo State (t=73.08; df=459; p,.05). Findings revealed that school leadership and management have significant contribution on the performance of private and public primary school teachers in Ibadan North West Local Area of Oyo State. Based on the finding, the following recommendations were made: Primary school teachers need to be motivated and rewarded for excellent performance. Primary schools should be properly equipped with teaching-aid facilities, laboratories and libraries. Government should use the findings of this study to improve on teaching materials provided to the primary school teachers in Nigeria. Public primary schools should be designed by education planners, administrators and government. Headmasters, proprietors and teachers of primary schools should look inward and give a performance appraisal and evaluation of themselves form time to time based on subject they taught. Finally, school administrators should be conscious of the way they manage the teachers in schools not only in informal situations but also in formal settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20education" title="private education">private education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20education" title=" public education"> public education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20leadership" title=" school leadership"> school leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20management" title=" school management"> school management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers%20performance" title=" teachers performance "> teachers performance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9907/comparative-analysis-of-teachers-performance-in-private-and-public-primary-schools-in-oyo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30696</span> Exploring Teaching Strategies Utilized by Primary School English Language Teachers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belyihun%20Muchie">Belyihun Muchie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Teaching strategies significantly influence the effectiveness of language teaching practices. Macro/micro ELT strategies realizes the practicality of language teaching in the classroom, where the teacher and students play together. The study aimed to identify teaching strategies employed by primary English language teachers in EFL classrooms. It also analyzed the alignment of teaching strategies with the contemporary language teaching approaches and principles. More over, the study evaluated primary English language teachers' perceptions of the challenges and benefits of implementing innovative teaching strategies. The study used a descriptive survey research design with mixed methods approaches and convergent parallel mixed methods of data collection and analysis. Ten primary schools were selected conveniently, including 60 teachers in total. To collect the adequate data classroom observation, questionnaire and document analysis were used. From the analysis, it was found that primary school English language teachers were not teaching English using innovative teaching strategies. Hence, the alignment of their teaching strategies with the principles and syllabus of the English subject was mismatched. Finally, although there were hindrances of employing innovative teaching strategies, teachers’ commitment of trying much alternatives, was found to be less. They voiced concerns about the erosion of respect for the teaching profession, low salaries, lack of incentives for best practices, insufficient teaching resources, and autocratic leadership within schools. Therefore, as teachers found it increasingly difficult to teach English, it was concluded that primary school English language teachers were not employing innovative ELT strategies in their EFL classroom for effective language teaching in Ethiopia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELT%20strategies" title="ELT strategies">ELT strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=descriptive%20survey%20research%20design" title=" descriptive survey research design"> descriptive survey research design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovative%20teaching%20strategies" title=" innovative teaching strategies"> innovative teaching strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school%20English%20language%20teachers" title=" primary school English language teachers"> primary school English language teachers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194798/exploring-teaching-strategies-utilized-by-primary-school-english-language-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194798.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">9</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30695</span> Effect of Composition and Cooling Rate on the Solidification Structure of Al-Er Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Ning">Jing Ning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kunyuan%20Gao"> Kunyuan Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The microstructure and phase structure of Al-Er alloys with Er content of 10, 20, 30wt% at cooling rate of 60, 40 and 5℃/h were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Experimental results showed that for solidification of the hypereutectic Al-Er alloys at different conditions, a halo of α-Al appeared around the primary Al₃Er phase. Analysis of the solidification process indicated that after the primary Al₃Er phase formed, the composition of supercooled liquid phase located outside the coupled zone of eutectic growth below the eutectic line, which leaded to the formation of Al halo. With the increase of Er content, the blocky primary Al₃Er phase expanded from 200μm to 1mm in size. With the decrease of cooling rate, the morphology and phase structure of alloy were different. At the cooling rate of 60℃/h, it was obtained the primary Al3Er phase with L1₂ structure, whose profile was straight. Meanwhile, the eutectic structure was flocculent. At the quite slow cooling rate of 5℃/h, it was obtained the primary Al₃Er phase with hR20 structure with irregular jagged profile, and the eutectic structure was approximately strip-shaped. These characteristics were closely related to the cooling rate of solidification. The XRD analysis showed that for Al₃Er phase, the lattice constant a of L1₂ structure was 4.2158Å, and a, c of hR20 structure were 6.0321Å and 35.6290Å, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Er%20alloy" title="Al-Er alloy">Al-Er alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition" title=" composition"> composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20rate" title=" cooling rate"> cooling rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165095/effect-of-composition-and-cooling-rate-on-the-solidification-structure-of-al-er-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30694</span> The Place of Instructional Materials in Quality Education at Primary School Level in Katsina State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murtala%20Sale">Murtala Sale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of instructional materials is an indispensable tool that enhances qualitative teaching and learning especially at the primary level. Instructional materials are used to facilitate comprehension of ideas in the learners as well as ensure long term retention of ideas and topics taught to pupils. This study examined the relevance of using instructional materials in primary schools in Katsina State, Nigeria. It employed survey design using cluster sampling technique. The questionnaire was used to gather data for analysis, and statistical and frequency tables were used to analyze the data gathered. The results show that teachers and students alike have realized the effectiveness of modern instructional materials in teaching and learning for the attainment of set objectives in the basic primary education policy. It also discovered that reluctance in the use of instructional materials will hamper the achievement of qualitative primary education. The study therefore suggests that there should be the provision of adequate and up-to-date instructional materials to all primary schools in Katsina State for effective teaching and learning process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instructional%20materials" title="instructional materials">instructional materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20teaching" title=" effective teaching"> effective teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20quality" title=" learning quality"> learning quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indispensable%20aspect" title=" indispensable aspect"> indispensable aspect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42353/the-place-of-instructional-materials-in-quality-education-at-primary-school-level-in-katsina-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30693</span> Gender Differences in Attitudes to Technology in Primary Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radek%20Novotn%C3%BD">Radek Novotný</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martina%20Man%C4%9Bnov%C3%A1"> Martina Maněnová</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents a summary of reviews on gender differences in perception of information and communication technology (ICT) by pupils in primary education. The article outlines the meaning of ICT in primary education then summarizes different studies of the use of ICT in primary education from the point of view of gender. The article also presents the specific differences of gender in the knowledge of modalities of use of specialized digital tools and the perception and value assigned to ICT, accordingly the article provides insight into the background of gender differences in performance in relation to ICT to determinate the complex meaning of pupils attitudes to the ICT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT%20in%20primary%20education" title="ICT in primary education">ICT in primary education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes%20to%20ICT" title=" attitudes to ICT"> attitudes to ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20differences" title=" gender differences"> gender differences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20and%20ICT" title=" gender and ICT"> gender and ICT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60878/gender-differences-in-attitudes-to-technology-in-primary-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30692</span> Predictors of School Safety Awareness among Malaysian Primary School Teachers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ssekamanya">Ssekamanya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mastura%20Badzis"> Mastura Badzis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khamsiah%20Ismail"> Khamsiah Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dayang%20Shuzaidah%20Bt%20Abduludin"> Dayang Shuzaidah Bt Abduludin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With rising incidents of school violence worldwide, educators and researchers are trying to understand and find ways to enhance the safety of children at school. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which the demographic variables of gender, age, length of service, position, academic qualification, and school location predicted teachers’ awareness about school safety practices in Malaysian primary schools. A stratified random sample of 380 teachers was selected in the central Malaysian states of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. Multiple regression analysis revealed that none of the factors was a good predictor of awareness about school safety training, delivery methods of school safety information, and available school safety programs. Awareness about school safety activities was significantly predicted by school location (whether the school was located in a rural or urban area). While these results may reflect a general lack of awareness about school safety among primary school teachers in the selected locations, a national study needs to be conducted for the whole country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20safety%20awareness" title="school safety awareness">school safety awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictors%20of%20school%20safety" title=" predictors of school safety"> predictors of school safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20regression%20analysis" title=" multiple regression analysis"> multiple regression analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malaysian%20primary%20schools" title=" malaysian primary schools"> malaysian primary schools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45296/predictors-of-school-safety-awareness-among-malaysian-primary-school-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30691</span> Primary School Teachers’ Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge of Rational Number and Its Effects on Pupils’ Achievement in Rational Numbers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20M.%20Kashim">R. M. Kashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated primary school teachers’ conceptual and procedural knowledge of rational numbers and its effects on pupil’s achievement in rational numbers. Specifically, primary school teachers’ level of conceptual knowledge about rational numbers, primary school teachers’ level of procedural knowledge about rational numbers, and the effects of teachers conceptual and procedural knowledge on their pupils understanding of rational numbers in primary schools is investigated. The study was carried out in Bauchi metropolis in the Bauchi state of Nigeria. The design of the study was a multi-stage design. The first stage was a descriptive design. The second stage involves a pre-test, post-test only quasi-experimental design. Two instruments were used for the data collection in the study. These were Conceptual and Procedural knowledge test (CPKT) and Rational number achievement test (RAT), the population of the study comprises of three (3) mathematics teachers’ holders of Nigerian Certificate in Education (NCE) teaching primary six and 210 pupils in their intact classes were used for the study. The data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, analysis of variance, analysis of covariance and t- test. The findings indicated that the pupils taught rational number by a teacher that has high conceptual and procedural knowledge understand and perform better than the pupil taught by a teacher who has low conceptual and procedural knowledge of rational number. It is, therefore, recommended that teachers in primary schools should be encouraged to enrich their conceptual knowledge of rational numbers. Also, the superiority performance of teachers in procedural knowledge in rational number should not become an obstruction of understanding. Teachers Conceptual and procedural knowledge of rational numbers should be balanced so that primary school pupils will have a view of better teaching and learning of rational number in our contemporary schools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual" title="conceptual">conceptual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procedural%20knowledge" title=" procedural knowledge"> procedural knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20number" title=" rational number"> rational number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pupils" title=" pupils"> pupils</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24016/primary-school-teachers-conceptual-and-procedural-knowledge-of-rational-number-and-its-effects-on-pupils-achievement-in-rational-numbers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30690</span> Social Skills for Students with and without Learning Disabilities in Primary Education in Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Agail">Omer Agail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to assess the social skills of students with and without learning disabilities in primary education in Saudi Arabia. A Social Skills Rating Scale for Teachers Form (SSRS-TF) was used to evaluate students' social skills as perceived by teachers. A randomly-selected sample was chosen from students with and without learning disabilities. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic characteristics of participants. Analysis indicated that there were statistically significant differences in SSRS-TF by academic status, i.e. students with learning disabilities exhibit less social skills compared to students without learning disabilities. In addition, analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in SSRS-TF by gender. A conclusion and recommendations are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20education" title="primary education">primary education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%20with%20learning%20disabilities" title=" students with learning disabilities"> students with learning disabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20skills" title=" social skills"> social skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20competence" title=" social competence"> social competence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74351/social-skills-for-students-with-and-without-learning-disabilities-in-primary-education-in-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30689</span> The Role of Teaching Assistants for Deaf Pupils in a Mainstream Primary School in England</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatice%20Yildirim">Hatice Yildirim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was an investigation into the role of teaching assistants (TAs) for deaf pupils in an English primary school. This study aimed to provide knowledge about how TAs support deaf pupils in mainstream schools in England. It is accepted that TAs have an important role in the inclusion of students with disabilities in mainstream schools. However, there has been a lack of attention paid to the role of TAs for deaf pupils in the literature. A qualitative case study approach was used to address the research questions. Twelve semi-structured classroom observations and six semi-structured interviews were carried out with four TAs and two teachers in one English mainstream primary school. The data analysis followed a thematic analysis framework. The results indicated that TAs are utilised based on a one-on-one support model and are deployed under the class teachers in the classroom. The classroom activities are carried out in small groups with the TAs and the class teacher’s agreement, as per the school’s policy. Findings show that TAs carried out seven different roles in the education of deaf pupils in an English mainstream primary school. Supporting the academic and social development of deaf pupils is TA`s main role. Also, they record pupils’ progress, communicate with pupils’ parents, take on a pastoral care role, tutor pupils in additional support lessons and raise awareness of deaf pupils’ issues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deaf" title="deaf">deaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mainstream%20primary%20school" title=" mainstream primary school"> mainstream primary school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20assistant" title=" teaching assistant"> teaching assistant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20assistant%60s%20roles" title=" teaching assistant`s roles"> teaching assistant`s roles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136174/the-role-of-teaching-assistants-for-deaf-pupils-in-a-mainstream-primary-school-in-england" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30688</span> A Critical Discourse Analysis of Citizenship Education Textbook for Primary School Students in Singapore</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ren%20Boyuan">Ren Boyuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on how the Character and Citizenship Education textbook in Singapore primary schools deliver preferred and desired qualities to students and therefore reveals how discourse in textbooks can facilitate and perpetuate certain social practices. In this way, this study also serves to encourage the critical thinking of textbook writers and school educators by unveiling the nuanced message through language use that facilitates the perpetuation of social practices in a society. In Singapore, Character and Citizenship Education is a compulsory subject for primary school students. Under the framework of 21st Century Competencies, Character and Citizenship Education in Singapore aims to help students thrive in this fast-changing world. The Singapore government is involved in the development of CCE curriculum in schools from primary schools to pre-university. Inevitably, the CCE curriculum is not free from ideological influences. This qualitative study utilizes Fairclough’s three-dimensional theory and his framework of three assumptions to analyze the Character and Citizenship Education textbook for Primary 1 and to reveal ideologies in this textbook. Data for the analysis in this study are the textual parts of the whole textbook for Primary 1 students as this book is used at the beginning of citizenship education in primary schools. It is significant because it promotes messages about CCE to the foundation years of a child's education. The findings of this study show that the four revealed ideologies, namely pragmatism, communitarianism, nationalism, and multiculturalism, are not only dated back in the national history but also updated and explained by the current demands for Singapore’s thriving and prosperity in a sustainable term. This study ends with a discussion of the implications of this study. By pointing out the ideologies in this textbook and how they are embedded in the discourse, this study may help teachers and textbook writers realize the possible political involvement in the book and therefore develop their recognition of the implicit influence of lexical choice on their teaching and writing. In addition, by exploring the ideologies in this book and comparing them with ideologies in past textbooks, this study helps researchers in this area on how language influences readers and reflects certain social demands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizenship%20education" title="citizenship education">citizenship education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20discourse%20analysis" title=" critical discourse analysis"> critical discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociolinguistics" title=" sociolinguistics"> sociolinguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textbook%20analysis" title=" textbook analysis"> textbook analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181923/a-critical-discourse-analysis-of-citizenship-education-textbook-for-primary-school-students-in-singapore" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30687</span> Nurse Practitioner Led Pediatric Primary Care Clinic in a Tertiary Care Setting: Improving Access and Health Outcomes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minna%20K.%20%20Miller">Minna K. Miller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chantel.%20E.%20Canessa"> Chantel. E. Canessa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suzanna%20V.%20McRae"> Suzanna V. McRae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susan%20Shumay"> Susan Shumay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alissa%20Collingridge"> Alissa Collingridge </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Primary care provides the first point of contact and access to health care services. For the pediatric population, the goal is to help healthy children stay healthy and to help those that are sick get better. Primary care facilitates regular well baby/child visits; health promotion and disease prevention; investigation, diagnosis and management of acute and chronic illnesses; health education; both consultation and collaboration with, and referral to other health care professionals. There is a protective association between regular well-child visit care and preventable hospitalization. Further, low adherence to well-child care and poor continuity of care are independently associated with increased risk of hospitalization. With a declining number of family physicians caring for children, and only a portion of pediatricians providing primary care services, it is becoming increasingly difficult for children and their families to access primary care. Nurse practitioners are in a unique position to improve access to primary care and improve health outcomes for children. Limited literature is available on the nurse practitioner role in primary care pediatrics. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development, implementation and evaluation of a Nurse Practitioner-led pediatric primary care clinic in a tertiary care setting. Utilizing the participatory, evidence-based, patient-focused process for advanced practice nursing (PEPPA framework), this paper highlights the results of the initial needs assessment/gap analysis, the new service delivery model, populations served, and outcome measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access" title="access">access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20outcomes" title=" health outcomes"> health outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nurse%20practitioner" title=" nurse practitioner"> nurse practitioner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatric%20primary%20care" title=" pediatric primary care"> pediatric primary care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEPPA%20framework" title=" PEPPA framework "> PEPPA framework </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20981/nurse-practitioner-led-pediatric-primary-care-clinic-in-a-tertiary-care-setting-improving-access-and-health-outcomes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30686</span> Financial Literacy Testing: Results of Conducted Research and Introduction of a Project</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Nesleha">J. Nesleha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Florianova"> H. Florianova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of the study is to provide results of a conducted study devoted to financial literacy in the Czech Republic and to introduce a project related to financial education in the Czech Republic. Financial education has become an important part of education in the country, yet it is still neglected on the lowest level of formal education–primary schools. The project is based on investigation of financial literacy on primary schools in the Czech Republic. Consequently, the authors aim to formulate possible amendments related to this type of education. The gained dataset is intended to be used for analysis concerning financial education in the Czech Republic. With regard to used methods, the most important one is regression analysis for disclosure of predictors causing different levels of financial literacy. Furthermore, comparison of different groups is planned, for which t-tests are intended to be used. The study also employs descriptive statistics to introduce basic relationship in the data file. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Czech%20Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20education" title=" financial education"> financial education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20literacy" title=" financial literacy"> financial literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school" title=" primary school"> primary school</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60525/financial-literacy-testing-results-of-conducted-research-and-introduction-of-a-project" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30685</span> On Consolidated Predictive Model of the Natural History of Breast Cancer Considering Primary Tumor and Primary Distant Metastases Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ella%20Tyuryumina">Ella Tyuryumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexey%20Neznanov"> Alexey Neznanov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Finding algorithms to predict the growth of tumors has piqued the interest of researchers ever since the early days of cancer research. A number of studies were carried out as an attempt to obtain reliable data on the natural history of breast cancer growth. Mathematical modeling can play a very important role in the prognosis of tumor process of breast cancer. However, mathematical models describe primary tumor growth and metastases growth separately. Consequently, we propose a mathematical growth model for primary tumor and primary metastases which may help to improve predicting accuracy of breast cancer progression using an original mathematical model referred to CoM-IV and corresponding software. We are interested in: 1) modelling the whole natural history of primary tumor and primary metastases; 2) developing adequate and precise CoM-IV which reflects relations between PT and MTS; 3) analyzing the CoM-IV scope of application; 4) implementing the model as a software tool. The CoM-IV is based on exponential tumor growth model and consists of a system of determinate nonlinear and linear equations; corresponds to TNM classification. It allows to calculate different growth periods of primary tumor and primary metastases: 1) ‘non-visible period’ for primary tumor; 2) ‘non-visible period’ for primary metastases; 3) ‘visible period’ for primary metastases. The new predictive tool: 1) is a solid foundation to develop future studies of breast cancer models; 2) does not require any expensive diagnostic tests; 3) is the first predictor which makes forecast using only current patient data, the others are based on the additional statistical data. Thus, the CoM-IV model and predictive software: a) detect different growth periods of primary tumor and primary metastases; b) make forecast of the period of primary metastases appearance; c) have higher average prediction accuracy than the other tools; d) can improve forecasts on survival of BC and facilitate optimization of diagnostic tests. The following are calculated by CoM-IV: the number of doublings for ‘nonvisible’ and ‘visible’ growth period of primary metastases; tumor volume doubling time (days) for ‘nonvisible’ and ‘visible’ growth period of primary metastases. The CoM-IV enables, for the first time, to predict the whole natural history of primary tumor and primary metastases growth on each stage (pT1, pT2, pT3, pT4) relying only on primary tumor sizes. Summarizing: a) CoM-IV describes correctly primary tumor and primary distant metastases growth of IV (T1-4N0-3M1) stage with (N1-3) or without regional metastases in lymph nodes (N0); b) facilitates the understanding of the appearance period and manifestation of primary metastases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponential%20growth%20model" title=" exponential growth model"> exponential growth model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modelling" title=" mathematical modelling"> mathematical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20metastases" title=" primary metastases"> primary metastases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20tumor" title=" primary tumor"> primary tumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survival" title=" survival"> survival</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65180/on-consolidated-predictive-model-of-the-natural-history-of-breast-cancer-considering-primary-tumor-and-primary-distant-metastases-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30684</span> Some Investigations of Primary Slurry Used for Production of Ceramic Shells </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balwinder%20Singh">Balwinder Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current competitive environment, casting industry has several challenges such as production of intricate castings, near net shape castings, decrease lead-time from product design to production, improved casting quality and to control costs. The raw materials used to make ceramic shell play an important role in determining the overall final ceramic shell characteristics. In this work, primary slurries were formulated using various combinations of zircon flour, fused silica and aluminosilicate powders as filler, colloidal silica as binder along with wetting and antifoaming agents (Catalyst). Taguchi’s parameter design strategy has been applied to investigate the effect of primary slurry parameters on the viscosity of the slurry and primary coating of shell. The result reveals that primary coating with low viscosity slurry has produced a rough surface of the shell due to stucco penetration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20shell" title="ceramic shell">ceramic shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20slurry" title=" primary slurry"> primary slurry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filler" title=" filler"> filler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slurry%20viscosity" title=" slurry viscosity"> slurry viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20390/some-investigations-of-primary-slurry-used-for-production-of-ceramic-shells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30683</span> English Reading Preferences among Primary Pupils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jezza%20Mae%20T.%20Francisco">Jezza Mae T. Francisco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marianet%20R.%20Delos%20Santos"> Marianet R. Delos Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Crisjame%20C.%20Toribio"> Crisjame C. Toribio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to determine the reading preference for English enrichment and reading comprehension among primary students and the difference in the reading preference and comprehension for English enrichment among primary students. This study employed a Descriptive-Quantitative Correlational Research Design. This study yielded the following findings: (1) It reveals that primary students got fair on their reading comprehension, and (2) It shows that there is no significant relationship between the reading preference for English enrichment and reading comprehension of the students. It is safe to conclude that the students’ reading preference is growing evidently in various milieus. This can inform the English department curriculum planners to consider their students’ text preferences that interest them to maximize engagement within a dynamic interactive learning process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reading%20preferences" title="reading preferences">reading preferences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reading%20comprehension" title=" reading comprehension"> reading comprehension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20student" title=" primary student"> primary student</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20enrichment" title=" English enrichment"> English enrichment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153446/english-reading-preferences-among-primary-pupils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30682</span> A Critical Discourse Analysis on Ableist Ideologies in Primary Education English Language Textbooks in the Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brittany%20Joi%20B.%20Kirsch">Brittany Joi B. Kirsch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Textbooks carry a crucial role in imparting ideologies that stimulate inclusivity and social diversity. In the Philippines, a law on inclusive education (IE) for differently-abled learners has recently been signed in order to ensure their rights to quality and IE are protected and upheld (Republic Act No. 11650, 2022). With the presence of ableism in textbooks, the promotion of IE may be challenged. A considerable amount of research has been done on disability representation and ableism in foreign countries; however, none, to the extent of the researcher’s knowledge, has been conducted on ableist ideologies in primary education English language textbooks in the Philippines. Hence, this paper aims to investigate the negotiation of ableist ideologies in primary education English language textbooks in the Philippines. Utilizing Fairclough’s (1995) three-dimensional model of critical discourse analysis (CDA) as the framework, six prescribed primary education English language textbooks from different grade levels were analyzed to examine instances of ableism in the texts. To further support the analysis of the study, supplemental data were gathered from the accounts of six public elementary school English language teachers. Findings reveal that the textbooks contain ableist ideologies with a limited representation of differently-abled people; by disclosing them as (1) invisible, (2) equipped with negative abilities, and (3) plagued with delicate health. By identifying ableist ideologies in textbooks, educational institutions and publishers may benefit in assessing and reforming instructional materials to resolve the presence of such ideologies, thereby abiding by the country’s law on IE and strengthening its overall implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textbooks" title="textbooks">textbooks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideologies" title=" ideologies"> ideologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20education" title=" inclusive education"> inclusive education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20discourse%20analysis" title=" critical discourse analysis"> critical discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ableism" title=" ableism"> ableism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158894/a-critical-discourse-analysis-on-ableist-ideologies-in-primary-education-english-language-textbooks-in-the-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30681</span> Primary Care Physicians in Urgent Care Centres of the United Kingdom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ansari">Mohammad Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Ismail"> Ahmed Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satinder%20Mann"> Satinder Mann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Overcrowding in Emergency departments (ED) of United Kingdom has become a common problem. Urgent Care centres were developed nearly a decade ago to reduce pressure on EDs. Unfortunately, the development of Urgent Care centres has failed to produce the projected effects. It was thought that nearly 40% patients attending ED would go to Urgent Care centres and these would be staffed by Primary care Physicians. Data reveals that no more than 20% patients were seen by Primary Care Physicians even when the Urgent Care Centre was based in the ED. This study was carried out at the ED of George Eliot Hospital, Nuneaton, UK where the Urgent Care centre was based in the ED and employed Primary Care Physicians with special interest in trauma for nearly one year. This was then followed by a Primary Care Physician and Advanced Nurse Practitioner. We compared the number of patients seen during these periods and the cost-effectiveness of the service.We randomly selected a week of patients seen by Primary Care Physicians with special interest in Trauma and by Primary Care Physicians and the Advanced Nurse Practitioner. We compared the number and type of patients seen during these two periods. Nearly 38% patients were seen by Primary care Physician with special interest in Trauma, whilst only 14.3% patients were seen by the Primary care Physician and Advanced Nurse Practitioner. The Primary Care Physicians with special interest in trauma were paid less. Our study confirmed that unless Primary Care Physicians are able to treat minor trauma and interpret x-rays, the urgent care service is not going to be cost effective. Numerous previous studies have shown that 15 to 20% patients attending ED can be treated by Primary Care Physicians who do not require any investigations for their management. It is advantageous to have Urgent Care Centres within the ED because if the patient deteriorates they can be transferred to ED. We recommend that the Urgent care Centres should be a part of ED. Our study shows that Urgent care Centres in the ED can be helpful and cost effective if staffed by either senior Emergency Physicians or Primary Care Physicians with special interest and experience in the management of minor trauma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urgent%20care%20centres" title="urgent care centres">urgent care centres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20care%20physician" title=" primary care physician"> primary care physician</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20nurse%20practitioner" title=" advanced nurse practitioner"> advanced nurse practitioner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67767/primary-care-physicians-in-urgent-care-centres-of-the-united-kingdom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30680</span> E-Learning in Primary Science: Teachers versus Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Winnie%20Wing%20Mui%20So">Winnie Wing Mui So</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Chen"> Yu Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated primary school teachers’ and students’ perceptions of science learning in an e-learning environment. This study used a multiple case study design and involved eight science teachers and their students from four Hong Kong primary schools. The science topics taught included ‘season and weather’ ‘force and movement’, ‘solar and lunar eclipse’ and ‘living things and habitats’. Data were collected through lesson observations, interviews with teachers, and interviews with students. Results revealed some differences between the teachers’ and the students’ perceptions regarding the usefulness of e-learning resources, the organization of student-centred activities, and the impact on engagement and interactions in lessons. The findings have implications for the more effective creation of e-learning environments for science teaching and learning in primary schools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-learning" title="e-learning">e-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20education" title=" science education"> science education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%27%20and%20students%27%20perceptions" title=" teacher' and students' perceptions"> teacher' and students' perceptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20schools" title=" primary schools"> primary schools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87105/e-learning-in-primary-science-teachers-versus-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30679</span> Analysis of the Impacts of Capital Goods' Import and Human Capital on the Economic Growth of the Sub Sahahra Africa: A Panel-ARDL Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeleke%20Omolade">Adeleke Omolade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the impacts of capital goods' import and human capital on the economic growth of the Sub Sahahra Africa (SSA). 30 countries were used in the Panel- ARDL analysis where economic growth is the dependent variables and capital goods' import, human capital, primary export, investment exchange rate, among others were used as the independent variables. The result from the panel analysis indicates that capital goods' import will significantly and positively influence economic growth but human capital fails to have significant positive impact on economic growth of the SSA. Earlier the trend analysis and the correlation results have shown that there is a weak association between capital goods' import and human capital in the SSA. The results offer an expository analysis that reveals that the quality of the human capital is very germane to the effective utilization of capital goods' import for the purpose of growth in a primary goods' export dominated region like the SSA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital%20goods%20import" title="capital goods import">capital goods import</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20capital" title=" human capital"> human capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sub-Sahara%20Africa" title=" Sub-Sahara Africa"> Sub-Sahara Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82429/analysis-of-the-impacts-of-capital-goods-import-and-human-capital-on-the-economic-growth-of-the-sub-sahahra-africa-a-panel-ardl-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30678</span> Relationship between Body Mass Composition and Primary Dysmenorrhoea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Snehalata%20Tembhurne">Snehalata Tembhurne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: A healthy menstrual cycle is a sign of women’s sound health.Various variables may influence the length and regularity of menstrual cycle.Studies have revealed that menstrual cycle abnormalities may be associated with psychological stress,lack of physical exercise, alteration in body composition,endocrine disturbances,higher estrogen levels as seen in obese females.Hence there is an urgent need to find out the relationship between variations in body mass composition(BMI & body fat%) with menstrual abnormalities like primary dysmenorrhoea. Aim: To find out the relationship between body mass composition and primary dysmenorrhea. Objectives: 1.To check whether there is any association between body mass index and primary dysmenorrhoea.2.To check whether there is any association between body fat percentage and primary dysmenorrhoea. NULL HYPOTHESES-There is no relationship between body mass composition and primary dysmenorrhea. Hypothesis: There exists a relationship between body mass composition and primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 6 months with 90 samples selected on random basis. The procedure was explained to the participant and a written consent was taken thereafter. The participant was made to stand on the BODY COMPOSITION SCANNING MONITOR, which scanned the physical profile of the participant (height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage and visceral fat).Thereafter, the candidate was asked about her menstrual irregularities and was asked to grade her level of dysmenorrhoea (if present) using the Verbal Dimensional Dysmenorrhea Scale. Results: Chi square test of association was used to find out the association between body mass composition(body mass index,body fat percentage) and primary dysmenorrhea.The chi-square value for association between body mass index and primary dysmenorrhea was 38.63 p<0.001 which was statistically significant.The chi-square value for the association of body fat % & primary dysmenorrhea was 30.09,p<0.001which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Study shows that there exists a significant relationship between body mass composition and primary dysmenorrhea and as the value of Body mass index and body fat percentages goes on increasing in females, the severity of primary dysmenorrhea also increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20mass%20index" title="body mass index">body mass index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20composition%20screening%20monitor" title=" body composition screening monitor"> body composition screening monitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20dysmenorrhea" title=" primary dysmenorrhea"> primary dysmenorrhea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verbal%20dimensional%20dysmenorrhea%20scale" title=" verbal dimensional dysmenorrhea scale"> verbal dimensional dysmenorrhea scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59337/relationship-between-body-mass-composition-and-primary-dysmenorrhoea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30677</span> The Impact of Low-Systematization Level in Physical Education in Primary School</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Hong">Wu Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pan%20Cuilian"> Pan Cuilian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Panzifan"> Wu Panzifan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The student’s attention during the class is one of the most important indicators for the learning evaluation; the level of attention is directly related to the results of primary education. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted across China on improving primary school students’ attention during class. During the specific teaching activities in primary school, students have the characteristics of short concentration periods, high probability of distraction, and difficulty in long-term immersive learning. In physical education teaching, where there are mostly outdoor activities, this characteristic is particularly prominent due to the large changes in the environment and the strong sense of freshness among students. It is imperative to overcome this characteristic in a targeted manner, improve the student’s experience in the course, and raise the degree of systematization. There are many ways to improve the systematization of teaching and learning, but most of them lack quantitative indicators, which makes it difficult to evaluate the improvements before and after changing the teaching methods. Based on the situation above, we use the case analysis method, combined with a literature review, to study the negative impact of low systematization levels in primary school physical education teaching, put forward targeted improvement suggestions, and make a quantitative evaluation of the method change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention" title="attention">attention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescent" title=" adolescent"> adolescent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematism" title=" systematism"> systematism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training-method" title=" training-method"> training-method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186035/the-impact-of-low-systematization-level-in-physical-education-in-primary-school" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30676</span> The Multi-Sensory Teaching Practice for Primary Music Classroom in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao%20Liulingzi">Xiao Liulingzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is important for using multi-sensory teaching in music learning. This article aims to provide knowledge in multi-sensory learning and teaching music in primary school. For primary school students, in addition to the training of basic knowledge and skills of music, students' sense of participation and creativity in music class are the key requirements, especially the flexibility and dynamics in music class, so that students can integrate into music and feel the music. The article explains the multi-sensory sense in music learning, the differences between multi-sensory music teaching and traditional music teaching, and music multi-sensory teaching in primary schools in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-sensory" title="multi-sensory">multi-sensory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20practice" title=" teaching practice"> teaching practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20music%20classroom" title=" primary music classroom"> primary music classroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159646/the-multi-sensory-teaching-practice-for-primary-music-classroom-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30675</span> Rural-To-Urban Migrants' Experiences with Primary Care in Four Types of Medical Institutions in Guangzhou, China </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiazhi%20Zeng">Jiazhi Zeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leiyu%20Shi"> Leiyu Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xia%20Zou"> Xia Zou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Chen"> Wen Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Ling"> Li Ling</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: China is facing the unprecedented challenge of rapidly increasing rural-to-urban migration. Due to the household registration system, migrants are in a vulnerable state when they attempt to access to primary care services. A strong primary care system can reduce health inequities and mitigate socioeconomic disparities in healthcare utilization. Literature indicated that migrants were more reliant on the primary care system than local residents. Although the Chinese government has attached great importance to creating an efficient health system, primary care services are still underutilized. The referral system between primary care institutions and hospitals has not yet been completely established in China. The general populations often go directly to hospitals instead of primary care institutions for their primary care. Primary care institutions generally consist of community health centers (CHCs) and community health stations (CHSs) in urban areas, and township health centers (THCs) and rural health stations (THSs) in rural areas. In addition, primary care services are also provided by the outpatient department of municipal hospitals and tertiary hospitals. A better understanding of migrants’ experiences with primary care in the above-mentioned medical institutions is critical for improving the performance of primary care institutions and providing indications of the attributes that require further attention. The purpose of this pioneering study is to explore rural-to-urban migrants’ experiences in primary care, compare their primary care experiences in four types of medical institutions in Guangzhou, China, and suggest implications for targeted interventions to improve primary care for the migrants. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 736 rural-to-urban migrants in Guangzhou, China, in 2014. A multistage sampling method was employed. A validated Chinese version of Primary Care Assessment Tool - Adult Short Version (PCAT-AS) was used to collect information on migrants’ primary care experiences. The PCAT-AS consists of 10 domains. Analysis of covariance was conducted for comparison on PCAT domain scores and total scores among migrants accessing four types of medical institutions. Multiple linear regression models were used to explore factors associated with PCAT total scores. Results: After controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, migrant characteristics, health status and health insurance status, migrants accessing primary care in tertiary hospitals had the highest PCAT total scores when compared with those accessing primary care THCs/ RHSs (25.49 vs. 24.18, P=0.007) and CHCs/ CHSs(25.49 vs. 24.24, P=0.006). There was no statistical significant difference for PCAT total scores between migrants accessing primary care in CHCs/CHSs and those in municipal hospitals (24.24 vs. 25.02, P=0.436). Factors positively associated with higher PCAT total scores also included insurance covering parts of healthcare payment (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights the need for improvement in primary care provided by primary care institutions for rural-to-urban migrants. Migrants receiving primary care from THCs, RHSs, CHSs and CHSs reported worse primary care experiences than those receiving primary care from tertiary hospitals. Relevant policies related to medical insurance should be implemented for providing affordable healthcare services for migrants accessing primary care. Further research exploring the specific reasons for poorer PCAT scores of primary care institutions users will be needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCAT" title=" PCAT"> PCAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20care" title=" primary care"> primary care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural-to-urban%20migrants" title=" rural-to-urban migrants"> rural-to-urban migrants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35302/rural-to-urban-migrants-experiences-with-primary-care-in-four-types-of-medical-institutions-in-guangzhou-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30674</span> General Awareness of Teenagers in Information Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdal%C3%A9na%20N%C3%A1plavov%C3%A1">Magdaléna Náplavová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1%20Lud%C3%ADk"> Tomáš Ludík</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petr%20Hr%C5%AFza"> Petr Hrůza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Franti%C5%A1ek%20Bo%C5%BEek"> František Božek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of IT equipment has become a part of every day. However, each device that is part of cyberspace should be secured against unauthorized use. It is very important to know the basics of these security devices, but also the basics of safe conduct their owners. This information should be part of every curriculum computer science education in primary and secondary schools. Therefore, the work focuses on the education of pupils in primary and secondary schools on the Internet. Analysis of the current state describes approaches to the education of pupils in security issues on the Internet. The paper presents a questionnaire-based survey which was carried out in the Czech Republic, whose task was to ascertain the level of opinion pupils in primary and secondary schools on the issue of communication in social networks. The research showed that awareness of socio-pathological phenomena on the Internet environment is very low. Based on the results it was proposed appropriate ways of teaching to this issue and its inclusion a proposal of curriculum for primary and secondary schools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20security" title="information security">information security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20space" title=" cyber space"> cyber space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20awareness" title=" general awareness"> general awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-pathological%20phenomena" title=" socio-pathological phenomena"> socio-pathological phenomena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20system" title=" educational system"> educational system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16805/general-awareness-of-teenagers-in-information-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30673</span> A Comparative Study on Primary Productivity in Fish Cage Culture Unit and Fish Pond in Relation to Different Level of Water Depth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawan%20Kumar%20Sharma">Pawan Kumar Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Stephan%20Sampath%20Kumar"> J. Stephan Sampath Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Manikandavelu"> D. Manikandavelu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Senthil%20Kumar"> V. Senthil Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The total amount of productivity in the system is the gross primary productivity. The present study was carried out to understand the relationship between productivity in the cages and water depth. The experiment was conducted in the fish cages installed in the pond at the Directorate of Sustainable Aquaculture, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Tamil Nadu (10° 47' 13.1964'' N; 79° 8' 16.1700''E). Primary productivity was estimated by light and dark bottle method. The measurement of primary productivity was done at different depths viz., 20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm. Six Biological Oxygen Demand bottles of 300 ml capacity were collected and tagged. The productivity was obtained in mg O2/l/hr. The maximum dissolved oxygen level at 20 cm depth was observed 5.62 ± 0.22 mg/l/hr in the light bottle in pond water while the minimum dissolved oxygen level at 20 cm depth in a cage was observed 3.62 ± 0.18 mg/l/hr in dark bottle. In the same way, the maximum and minimum value of dissolved oxygen was observed at 40, and 60 cm depth and results were compared. A slight change in pH was observed in the cage and pond. The maximum gross primary productivity observed was 1.97 mg/l/hr in pond at 20 cm depth while minimum gross primary productivity observed was 0.82±0.16 mg/l/hr in a cage at 60 cm depth. The community respiration was also variable with the depth in both cage and pond. Maximum community respiration was found 1.50±0.19 mg/l/hr in pond at 20 cm depth. A strong positive linear relationship was observed between primary productivity and fish yields in ponds. The pond primary productivity can contribute substantially to the nutrition of farm-raised aquaculture species, including shrimp. The growth of phytoplankton’s is dependent on the sun light, availability of primary nutrients (N, P, and K) in the water body and transparency, so to increase the primary productivity fertilization through organic manure may be done that will clean to the pond environment also. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cage%20aquaculture" title="cage aquaculture">cage aquaculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20depth" title=" water depth"> water depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net%20primary%20productivity" title=" net primary productivity"> net primary productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gross%20primary%20productivity" title=" gross primary productivity"> gross primary productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20respiration" title=" community respiration"> community respiration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119278/a-comparative-study-on-primary-productivity-in-fish-cage-culture-unit-and-fish-pond-in-relation-to-different-level-of-water-depth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30672</span> Primary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Topical Analgesia Post Haemorrhoidectomy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Jin">James Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weisi%20Xia"> Weisi Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runzhe%20Gao"> Runzhe Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alain%20Vandal"> Alain Vandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darren%20Svirkis"> Darren Svirkis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Hill"> Andrew Hill</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Post-haemorrhoidectomy pain is concerned by patients/clinicians. Minimizing the postoperation pain is highly interested clinically. Combinations of topical cream targeting three hypothesised post-haemorrhoidectomy pain mechanisms were developed and their effectiveness were evaluated. Specifically, a multi-centred double-blinded randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted in adults undergoing excisional haemorrhoidectomy. The primary analysis was conveyed on the data collected to evaluate the effectiveness of the combinations of topical cream targeting three hypothesized pain mechanisms after the operations. Methods: 192 patients were randomly allocated to 4 arms (each arm has 48 patients), and each arm was provided with pain cream 10% metronidazole (M), M and 2% diltiazem (MD), M with 4% lidocaine (ML), or MDL, respectively. Patients were instructed to apply topical treatments three times a day for 7 days, and record outcomes for 14 days after the operations. The primary outcome was VAS pain on day 4. Covariates and models were selected in the blind review stage. Multiple imputations were applied for the missingness. LMER, GLMER models together with natural splines were applied. Sandwich estimators and Wald statistics were used. P-values < 0.05 were considered as significant. Conclusions: The addition of topical lidocaine or diltiazem to metronidazole does not add any benefit. ML had significantly better pain and recovery scores than combination MDL. Multimodal topical analgesia with ML after haemorrhoidectomy could be considered for further evaluation. Further trials considering only 3 arms (M, ML, MD) might be worth exploring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RCT" title="RCT">RCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20analysis" title=" primary analysis"> primary analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20imputation" title=" multiple imputation"> multiple imputation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20scores" title=" pain scores"> pain scores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haemorrhoidectomy" title=" haemorrhoidectomy"> haemorrhoidectomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analgesia" title=" analgesia"> analgesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lmer" title=" lmer"> lmer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162939/primary-analysis-of-a-randomized-controlled-trial-of-topical-analgesia-post-haemorrhoidectomy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30671</span> Lived Experiences of Primary Caregiver of Schizophrenia Patients at Acute Crisis Intervention Service</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mykah%20W.%20Sumoldao">Mykah W. Sumoldao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Erissa%20C.%20Susa"> Maria Erissa C. Susa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Triny%20Cate%20M.%20Telan"> Triny Cate M. Telan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Arvin%20M.%20Torres"> Christian Arvin M. Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasmine%20I.%20Udasco"> Jasmine I. Udasco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Franceis%20Jeramil%20M.%20Walis"> Franceis Jeramil M. Walis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shellyn%20S.%20Wandagan"> Shellyn S. Wandagan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janine%20May%20M.%20Warding"> Janine May M. Warding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Queenie%20Diana%20Rose%20P.%20Zalun%20%20Hope%20Lulet%20A.%20Lomioan"> Queenie Diana Rose P. Zalun Hope Lulet A. Lomioan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This descriptive phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of the primary caregiver of schizophrenia patients at the Acute Crisis Intervention Service in Cagayan Valley Medical Center. The research aimed to understand the emotional, physical, and financial challenges these primary caregivers face. Data was gathered through interviews with nine (9) primary caregivers and analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Two main themes emerged: Experience/ Challenges (Emotional, Physical, and Financial Challenges) and Managing Mechanisms (Support Systems and Resilience and Commitment). The study found that primary caregivers deal with a complex mix of difficulties, often with limited resources. They rely heavily on personal strength, faith, family, friends and community support to manage their roles. The findings highlighted the need for better support systems to ease primary caregivers' burdens. Financial aid, respite care, and mental health support are crucial for improving primary caregivers' quality of life and the care they provide. Additionally, raising awareness about primary caregivers' challenges can foster a supportive community, with more help from local organizations and government entities. Thus, this study provided insights into the caregiving experiences of those supporting schizophrenia patients. It emphasized the importance of practical support and emotional resilience. By addressing these needs, a more supportive environment can be created, benefiting both primary caregivers and their patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20caregiver%20burden" title="primary caregiver burden">primary caregiver burden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20caregiver%20well-being" title=" primary caregiver well-being"> primary caregiver well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20caregiver" title=" primary caregiver"> primary caregiver</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191528/lived-experiences-of-primary-caregiver-of-schizophrenia-patients-at-acute-crisis-intervention-service" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">29</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30670</span> The Role of Teaching Assistants for Deaf Pupils in an England Mainstream Primary School</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatice%20Yildirim">Hatice Yildirim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is an investigation into ‘The role of teaching assistants (TAs) for deaf pupils in an English primary school’, in order not only to contribute to the education of deaf pupils but also contribute to the literature, in which there has been a lack of attention paid to the role of TAs for deaf pupils. With this in mind, the research design was planned based on using a case study as a qualitative research approach in order to have a deep and first-hand understanding of the case for ‘the role of TAs for deaf pupils’ in a real-life context. 12 semi-structured classroom observations and six semi-structured interviews were carried out with four TAs and two teachers in one English mainstream primary school. The data analysis followed a thematic analysis framework. The results indicated that TAs are utilised based on a one-on-one support model and are deployed under the class teacher in the classroom. Out of the classroom activities are carried out in small groups with the agreement of the TAs and the class teacher, as per the policy of the school. Due to the one-on-one TA support model, the study pointed out the seven different roles carried out by TAs in the education of deaf pupils in an English mainstream primary school. While supporting deaf pupils academically and socially are the main roles of TAs, they also support deaf pupils by recording their progress, communicating with their parents, taking on a pastoral care role, tutoring them in additional support lessons, and raising awareness of deaf pupils’ issues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deaf" title="deaf">deaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mainstream" title=" mainstream"> mainstream</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20assistant" title=" teaching assistant"> teaching assistant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20assistant%27s%20roles" title=" teaching assistant's roles"> teaching assistant's roles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105662/the-role-of-teaching-assistants-for-deaf-pupils-in-an-england-mainstream-primary-school" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20analysis&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20analysis&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20analysis&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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