CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Land sailing - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"07df6bfb-b698-49df-bbf6-7b169f6a5974","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Land_sailing","wgTitle":"Land sailing","wgCurRevisionId":1257921430,"wgRevisionId":1257921430,"wgArticleId":2216361,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from February 2020","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","CS1: long volume value","Commons link is on Wikidata","Sailing","Chinese inventions"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Land_sailing","wgRelevantArticleId":2216361,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q977003","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled": false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sail_wagon_edit1.jpg/1200px-Sail_wagon_edit1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="854"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sail_wagon_edit1.jpg/800px-Sail_wagon_edit1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="570"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sail_wagon_edit1.jpg/640px-Sail_wagon_edit1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="456"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Land sailing - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_sailing"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_sailing"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Land_sailing rootpage-Land_sailing skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Land+sailing" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Land+sailing" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Land+sailing" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Land+sailing" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sailing_carriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sailing_carriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Sailing carriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sailing_carriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_yachts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_yachts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early yachts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_yachts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_yachts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_yachts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Modern yachts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_yachts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landsailing_on_Venus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landsailing_on_Venus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Landsailing on Venus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landsailing_on_Venus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speed_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speed_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Speed record</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speed_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Classes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Competition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Competition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Competition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Competition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_and_world_championships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_and_world_championships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>European and world championships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_and_world_championships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blokart_racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blokart_racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Blokart racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blokart_racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Land sailing</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_a_vela" title="Vehicle a vela – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vehicle a vela" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strandsegeln" title="Strandsegeln – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Strandsegeln" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veh%C3%ADculo_de_vela" title="Vehículo de vela – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vehículo de vela" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landa_velado" title="Landa velado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Landa velado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Char_%C3%A0_voile" title="Char à voile – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Char à voile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%BC%EB%A7%81" title="랜드세일링 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="랜드세일링" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carro_a_vela" title="Carro a vela – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carro a vela" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buriavimas_sausumoje" title="Buriavimas sausumoje – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Buriavimas sausumoje" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeilwagenrijden" title="Zeilwagenrijden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zeilwagenrijden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%BB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="ランドセーリング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ランドセーリング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBeglarstwo_l%C4%85dowe" title="Żeglarstwo lądowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żeglarstwo lądowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Сухопутный яхтинг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сухопутный яхтинг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara_yelkencili%C4%9Fi" title="Kara yelkenciliği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kara yelkenciliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E4%B8%8A%E9%A2%A8%E5%B8%86" title="陸上風帆 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="陸上風帆" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%86%E4%B8%8A%E9%A3%8E%E5%B8%86" title="陆上风帆 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="陆上风帆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E4%B8%8A%E9%A2%A8%E5%B8%86" title="陸上風帆 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="陸上風帆" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E4%B8%8A%E9%A2%A8%E5%B8%86" title="陸上風帆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="陸上風帆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q977003#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Land_sailing" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Land_sailing" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Land_sailing"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Land_sailing"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Land_sailing" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Land_sailing" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&oldid=1257921430" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Land_sailing&id=1257921430&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLand_sailing"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLand_sailing"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Land_sailing&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Land_sailing" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q977003" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wind-powered ground transportation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Land yacht" redirects here. For large automobiles, see <a href="/wiki/Landyacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Landyacht">landyacht</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sail_wagon_edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sail_wagon_edit1.jpg/300px-Sail_wagon_edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sail_wagon_edit1.jpg/450px-Sail_wagon_edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sail_wagon_edit1.jpg/600px-Sail_wagon_edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5279" data-file-height="3758" /></a><figcaption>An early 20th-century sail wagon in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn, New York">Brooklyn, New York</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Land sailing</b>, also known as <b>sand yachting</b>, <b>land yachting</b> or <b>dirtboating</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> entails overland travel with a <a href="/wiki/Sail" title="Sail">sail</a>-powered <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicle</a>, similar to <a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">sailing</a> on water.<sup id="cite_ref-Reina_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reina-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally, a form of <a href="/wiki/Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation">transportation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Recreation" title="Recreation">recreation</a>, it has evolved primarily into a <a href="/wiki/Racing" title="Racing">racing</a> <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sport</a> since the 1950s. </p><p>Vehicles used in sailing are known as <b>sail wagons</b>, <b>sand yachts</b>, or <b>land yachts</b>. They typically have three (sometimes four) wheels and function much like a <a href="/wiki/Sailboat" title="Sailboat">sailboat</a>, except that they are operated from a sitting or lying position and steered by <a href="/wiki/Automobile_pedal" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile pedal">pedals</a> or hand <a href="/wiki/Lever" title="Lever">levers</a>. Land sailing works best in windy flat areas, and races often happen on <a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">beaches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Airfield">airfields</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dry_lake_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry lake bed">dry lake beds</a> in <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">desert</a> regions. Modern land sailors, generally known as "pilots", can go three to four times faster than the wind speed. A gust of wind is considered more beneficial in a land sailing race than a favorable windshift. A similar sport, known as <a href="/wiki/Ice_yachting" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice yachting">ice yachting</a>, is practiced on frozen <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">rivers</a>. Another variation is the <a href="/wiki/Whike" class="mw-redirect" title="Whike">Whike</a>, which combines land sailing with bicycling and can therefore also be used in everyday traffic because it does not fully depend on wind. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sailing_carriage">Sailing carriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sailing carriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_methods_of_transportation_in_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Two_methods_of_transportation_in_China.jpg/220px-Two_methods_of_transportation_in_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Two_methods_of_transportation_in_China.jpg/330px-Two_methods_of_transportation_in_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Two_methods_of_transportation_in_China.jpg/440px-Two_methods_of_transportation_in_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1146" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption>Carriage with sail in China, 1599.</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest text describing the Chinese use of mounting <a href="/wiki/Mast_(sailing)" title="Mast (sailing)">masts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sail" title="Sail">sails</a> on large vehicles is the <i>Book of the Golden Hall Master</i> written by the Daoist scholar and <a href="/wiki/Crown_prince" title="Crown prince">crown prince</a> Xiao Yi, who later became <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yuan_of_Liang" title="Emperor Yuan of Liang">Emperor Yuan of Liang</a> (r. 552–554 AD). He wrote that Gaocang Wushu invented a "wind-driven carriage" which was able to carry thirty people at once. There was another built in about 610 for the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yang_of_Sui" title="Emperor Yang of Sui">Emperor Yang of Sui</a> (r. 604–617), as described in the <i>Continuation of the New Discourses on the Talk of the Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>European travelers from the 16th century onwards mentioned sailing carriages with surprise. In 1585, during the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Mendoza" title="Juan González de Mendoza">Gonzales de Mendoza</a> wrote that the Chinese had many coaches and wagons mounted with sails, and even depicted them in artwork of <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> <a href="/wiki/Hanfu" title="Hanfu">hanfu</a> robes and on <a href="/wiki/Earthenware" title="Earthenware">earthenware</a> vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-needham_volume_4_part_2_274_276_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-needham_volume_4_part_2_274_276-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1584 <a href="/wiki/Atlas" title="Atlas">atlas</a> <i>Theatrum Orbis Terrarum</i> written by the cartographer <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ortelius" title="Abraham Ortelius">Abraham Ortelius</a> (1527–1598), there are large Chinese carriages depicted with sails and masts.<sup id="cite_ref-needham_volume_4_part_2_276_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-needham_volume_4_part_2_276-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, there are the same Chinese vehicles with sails depicted in the <i>Atlas</i> of <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_Mercator" title="Gerardus Mercator">Gerardus Mercator</a> (1512–1594), as well as the 1626 book <i>Kingdome of China</i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Speed" title="John Speed">John Speed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-needham_volume_4_part_2_276_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-needham_volume_4_part_2_276-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English poet <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a> (1608–1674) exemplified western interest in the Chinese sailing carriage when he mentioned it in a metaphor in his epic <i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i>, published in 1667.<sup id="cite_ref-needham_volume_4_part_2_276_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-needham_volume_4_part_2_276-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 19th century, "windwagons" were occasionally used for transport across the American great plains.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rail-running sail cars were also used in South America. One such sailcar existed on the <a href="/wiki/Dona_Teresa_Cristina" class="mw-redirect" title="Dona Teresa Cristina">Dona Teresa Cristina</a> Railroad in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina,_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Catarina, Brazil">Santa Catarina, Brazil</a> in the 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_yachts">Early yachts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early yachts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simon_Stevins_zeilwagen_voor_Prins_Maurits_1649.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Simon_Stevins_zeilwagen_voor_Prins_Maurits_1649.jpg/220px-Simon_Stevins_zeilwagen_voor_Prins_Maurits_1649.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Simon_Stevins_zeilwagen_voor_Prins_Maurits_1649.jpg/330px-Simon_Stevins_zeilwagen_voor_Prins_Maurits_1649.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Simon_Stevins_zeilwagen_voor_Prins_Maurits_1649.jpg/440px-Simon_Stevins_zeilwagen_voor_Prins_Maurits_1649.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="4396" /></a><figcaption>Land yachts designed by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin">Simon Stevin</a> in 1600</figcaption></figure> <p>The precursor to the modern land yacht was invented in the summer of the year 1600 by the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish</a> scientist <a href="/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin">Simon Stevin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> as a commission for <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Nassau,_Prince_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange">Prince Maurice of Orange</a>. It was used by Prince Maurice for entertaining his guests. In 1898, the Dumont brothers of <a href="/wiki/De_Panne" title="De Panne">De Panne</a>, Belgium, developed a land yacht whose sails were based on contemporary <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> sailboats used on the <a href="/wiki/Nile_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile River">Nile River</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Bleriot" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Bleriot">Louis Bleriot</a>, the French aviation pioneer was instrumental in developing landsailing as a sport. It was viewed as an alternative sport when strong winds would have made flying in early aircraft too dangerous. Bleriot's landsailers were first tried on the Buc airstrip (SW of Paris). Bleriot machines gave their best on Channel and North Sea wide and windy beaches at low tide (Calais, Hardelot, La Panne, Quend, Audresselles etc.). The Blériot firm coined the name "aéroplage" (plage is the French for beach) and even registered it as a trademark.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first races were held on the beaches of Belgium and France in 1909. Land yachts were also used in the late 19th century and early 20th century to transport goods on dry lakes in America. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_yachts">Modern yachts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern yachts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modern land yacht, a three-wheeled <a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">polyester</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fibreglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibreglass">fibreglass</a> and metal cart, often with a <a href="/wiki/Mast_(sailing)" title="Mast (sailing)">wing-mast</a> and relatively rigid (full-batten) sails, has been used since 1960. </p><p>In 1967, a <a href="/wiki/French_Foreign_Legion" title="French Foreign Legion">French Foreign Legion</a> officer organized a land yacht race across the <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahara Desert">Sahara Desert</a>. Teams from 7 countries assembled at <a href="/wiki/Colomb-B%C3%A9char" class="mw-redirect" title="Colomb-Béchar">Colomb-Béchar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and using French-designed and built machines for the most part, sailed 1,700 miles (2,700 km) through Algeria, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Morocco">Spanish Morocco</a> and into the <a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">capital of Mauritania</a>. Due to the harsh conditions, the idea of racing was abandoned, though at the time three young American boatbuilders, Larry Pardey, Richard Arthur and Warren Zeibarth (Captain, Pardey), were leading the race, with scores double those of any other team. The story made the cover of <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)">National Geographic</a></i> in November 1967. A reenactment of this event took place three years later and was filmed by <i>National Geographic</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landsailing_on_Venus">Landsailing on Venus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Landsailing on Venus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zephyr_(rover)" title="Zephyr (rover)">Zephyr (rover)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zephyr_Venus_Landsailing_Rover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Zephyr_Venus_Landsailing_Rover.jpg/220px-Zephyr_Venus_Landsailing_Rover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Zephyr_Venus_Landsailing_Rover.jpg/330px-Zephyr_Venus_Landsailing_Rover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Zephyr_Venus_Landsailing_Rover.jpg/440px-Zephyr_Venus_Landsailing_Rover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption>The "Zephyr" landsailing rover, a concept for a wind-propelled rover on the surface of Venus. Image from NASA John Glenn Research Center, for the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Innovative_Advanced_Concepts" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts">NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts</a> ("NIAC") project.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2012, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> scientist <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_A._Landis" title="Geoffrey A. Landis">Geoffrey A. Landis</a> proposed that a sail could be used for propulsion of a <a href="/wiki/Rover_(space_exploration)" title="Rover (space exploration)">rover</a> on <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> or other planets<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (NASA image <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/466x248/public/windsurfer_466_0.jpg?itok=KuD7qYer">here</a>). According to <i>Popular Mechanics,</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is "an ambitious proposal […] to develop a rover that works with Venus's topography and winds. </p><p>In 2017, Landis's work was the subject of the book<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Land-Sailing Venus Rover With NASA Inventor Geoffrey Landis</i>, published by <a href="/wiki/World_Book_encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="World Book encyclopedia">World Book</a> publishing.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Speed_record">Speed record</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Speed record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The world land speed record for a wind-powered vehicle was broken on 11 December 2022 by <a href="/wiki/Emirates_Team_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirates Team New Zealand">Emirates Team New Zealand</a> with Australian Pilot <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Ashby" title="Glenn Ashby">Glenn Ashby</a> with a speed of 222.43 km/h (138.21 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was previously held by Briton <a href="/wiki/Richard_Jenkins_(engineer)" title="Richard Jenkins (engineer)">Richard Jenkins</a> in his yacht <a href="/wiki/Greenbird" title="Greenbird">Greenbird</a> with a speed of 126.1 mph (202.9 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wind speeds were fluctuating between 30–50 mph (48–80 km/h) at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-Borroz_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borroz-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The previous record of 116 mph (187 km/h) was set by American Bob Schumacher on March 20, 1999 piloting <i>Iron Duck</i> vehicle designed and engineered by American Bob Dill in Burlington, Vermont.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both records were set on <a href="/wiki/Ivanpah_Dry_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivanpah Dry Lake">Ivanpah Dry Lake</a> near <a href="/wiki/Primm,_Nevada" title="Primm, Nevada">Primm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, United States.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A previous attempt at the record by Britons Dale Vince and Richard Jenkins at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lefroy" title="Lake Lefroy">Lake Lefroy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> in their carbon-neutral vehicle, Greenbird, failed on 12 September 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classes">Classes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Classes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LandYacht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LandYacht.jpg/220px-LandYacht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LandYacht.jpg/330px-LandYacht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LandYacht.jpg/440px-LandYacht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="1122" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgian</a> Class 3 competition land yacht</figcaption></figure> <p>The international governing body for the sport of land and sandyachting was formed in 1962. The Federation International de Sand et Land Yachting (FISLY) has member countries from around the world and has divided the sporting side of the activity into various classes. There are a number of basic types, or "classes", of land yachts. Because of the very different nature of each class, they compete separately in races. The largest class of yachts are known as Class 2, which may have masts as large as 8 metres (26 ft). The massive sail area provides significant power, although the speed of Class 2 yachts can sometimes be limited by their large size. These are sailed mainly in continental <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and not sailed at all in some countries such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. </p><p>The Class 3 is probably the most popular of the large yacht designs, almost identical to the Class 2 in appearance, but significantly smaller. Class 3 yachts are generally made from fiberglass, sometimes in combination with other high-tech lightweight materials, such as <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon fibre">carbon fibre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevlar" title="Kevlar">Kevlar</a>, or various composites, with a wooden rear axle. They are capable of reaching speeds up to 70 miles per hour (113 km/h). </p><p>The Class 5 is much smaller than the 2 and 3, and has a very different shape. The pilot still sails the yacht lying down, but unlike the 2 and 3, he lies in a seat that is suspended from or <a href="/wiki/Cantilever" title="Cantilever">cantilevered</a> off the <a href="/wiki/Chassis" title="Chassis">chassis</a>, rather than inside the body. The chassis is usually made of <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, with a fibreglass or carbon–Kevlar seat. Class 5 yachts are capable of reaching speeds up to 60 miles per hour (97 km/h), and some have been faster, closer to 70 miles per hour (113 km/h). </p><p>While Class 2, 3, and 5 yachts must meet certain strict guidelines, the specifications are flexible to an extent That allows individualism and development. </p><p>The "Standart" Class is unique in that it is the only recognised international monotype sand yacht with all yachts being identical. Similar to Class 5 in shape and function, they must follow a special design supplied by the French manufacturer Seagull. This class is widely popular because it means the outcome of a competition rests entirely with the pilot, as the yacht itself cannot provide an advantage or disadvantage. </p><p>Class 7 yachts are built like <a href="/wiki/Skateboard" title="Skateboard">skateboards</a> with a sail, much like a land-borne <a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">windsurfing</a> board. These are also called Speed Sail (A registered trademark by Norbert Blanc, a French inventor who made successful adaptation of a windsurfer sail on an enlarged skateboard, with special wheels and improved axles, in the wake of the 1980' windsurfing craze) and are fully recognised by FISLY as part of sand yacht clubs, they are also sailed for fun and hobby. </p><p>Class 8 land yachts: <a href="/wiki/Kite_buggying" class="mw-redirect" title="Kite buggying">kite buggying</a> or parakarting, differ from other classes in that the sail is replaced with a large traction kite, usually flown on 20–40 m quad lines. The buggies are also considerably smaller and more maneuverable. This relatively new class of the sport is still undergoing rapid development but has become popular in recent years due to its portability, relative low cost and flexibility. Kite buggying also uniquely offers the pilot the possibility of getting real air time as buggies are sometimes launched into the air by the traction kite. Class 8 activities are generally grouped under: </p> <ul><li>racing, using large kites and very large and heavy buggies: the current speed record is 135.34 km/h (84.10 mph) by Brian Holgate on the 6th March 2012 at dry <a href="/wiki/Ivanpah_Lake" title="Ivanpah Lake">Ivanpah Lake</a>, Nevada.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>freestyle where smaller, lighter machines perform freestyle tricks such as airs, spins, wheelies, <a href="/wiki/Backward_flying" title="Backward flying">reverse flying</a>, etc.</li> <li>endurance or cruising: the 24-hour distance record is 623 km by New Zealander Peter Foulkes,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where long distances are covered in trips lasting several days : Transat des Sables and Gobi Kite Buggy Challenge,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the Mad way south<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sahara challenge, a 2200 km attempt to cross the desert.</li></ul> <p>"Miniyachts" are small land yachts which are aimed at the leisure market, however, any type of land yacht can be raced and the identical nature of these yachts make them ideal fun racers due to their similar size and sail area. This style of yacht uses a traditional style land yacht rig with a smaller chassis and body where the pilot is able to sit in a conventional way and control the sail with a simple main sheet. These are the smallest, cheapest and lightest yachts available and are tremendously safe and easy to sail with basic instruction. Miniyachts' popularity is increasing rapidly and they are now being built by enthusiasts around the world. </p><p>The basic definition of a miniyacht is "Any assembled land or sand yacht that fits inside a continuous loop of rope 5.6 m long is a miniyacht". Some designs of mini yachts can be dismantled and carried in the trunk of a car. They can be sailed equally well by small children and large adults and have the added advantage of going on grass as well as sand or concrete. These yachts are popular in Europe, America, Australia, New Zealand, UK and Ireland. </p><p>There are also a range of small miniyachts able to be packed into a case and carried in a car or as luggage on a plane. The New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Blokart" title="Blokart">Blokart</a>, UK X-sails, Potty, windbob and Spanish designs like Rinox and WinDreamer together with French and German miniyachts like those from the manufacturers Libre, Airtrack, Plume and Seagull all fall into this category and are small, fast and manoeuvrable and therefore able to be sailed in small urban areas. The hand steering versions allow disabled people to use them and compete with able-bodied competitors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Competition">Competition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Competition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quend_16_char_a_voile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Quend_16_char_a_voile.jpg/220px-Quend_16_char_a_voile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Quend_16_char_a_voile.jpg/330px-Quend_16_char_a_voile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Quend_16_char_a_voile.jpg/440px-Quend_16_char_a_voile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>In recent decades, land sailing has evolved into a sport, shown here on the beaches of <a href="/wiki/Quend" title="Quend">Quend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somme_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Somme River">Bay of Somme</a>, France.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Land yacht competitors are spread over all continents: from the vast beaches of Western Europe, Ireland and the UK, New Zealand and Brazil, dry-lake surfaces in the US, Argentina, Australia and Africa to frozen lakes in Canada and Scandinavia (using skates instead of wheels).</li> <li>National landyacht associations are united in the international landyacht federation called FISLY. This organisation sets up the racing rules. Every few years, world championships are organised. There are also many local races and competitions every week and annual European and Pacific Rim championships.</li> <li>Racing yachts are divided in four classes by FISLY: Class 5 and Class Standart have a tubular steel or aluminium frame and mast with a glassfiber seats. The bigger Class 3 and Class 2 yachts have a lightweight glassfiber hull and wing-shaped mast and (mostly) a wooden rear axle.</li> <li>Racing yachts speed up to 120 km/h (the world speed record is 202.9 km/h (126.1 mph), set by Richard Jenkins in 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> breaking the previous record of 188 km/h (116.7 mph) set in 2001 by Bob Schumacher, US). Even at very low winds, racing yachts ride at up to three times the wind speed, reaching easily 70 km/h. Due to the lightweight and aerodynamic build, racing yachts boost to top speed in about 5 seconds. Turning markers are usually taken at full speed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_and_world_championships">European and world championships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: European and world championships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the largest international events in the sport are the European championships, in which competitors of all classes from all over Europe travel to a sand yachting venue for a week-long competition. The Wirral Sand Yacht Club, on <a href="/wiki/Hoylake" title="Hoylake">Hoylake</a> beach, hosted the event in September 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rada Tilly hosted the World Championship XI in February 2008, an event that was first developed in Argentina and in South America.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>St Peter Ording was the venue for the 2009 European Championships. De Panne in Belgium hosted the 2010 World Championships.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2011 European Championships were held in Hoylake on the Wirral peninsula near Liverpool. Attendees included local politicians <a href="/wiki/Esther_McVey" title="Esther McVey">Esther McVey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hesford" title="Stephen Hesford">Stephen Hesford</a>, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wirral" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wirral">Wirral</a>, the Head of the International Governing body for Sandyachting, and some of the 150 competitors from <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, France, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden Italy, Ireland, Chile, Denmark, US, Australia and the UK. 2012 saw the World Championships being held in Cherreuix, Brittany, France, near the world heritage site Mont Saint Michel. The event catered for all FISLY classes, and 350 competitors participated over the eight days. 2013 Europeans were held in St Peter Ording Germany. </p><p>In July 2014, the FISLY Landyachting World Championships were organised by the North American Land Sailing Associations (NALSA) and its President Dennis Bassano on the remote dry lake of Smith Creek in Central Nevada. Over 400 people from 16 countries spent a week based on the remote lake bed at 6300 ft, where many of the "legends" of the sport including the current world speed record holder Richard Jenkins had gathered. Double Olympic gold medal sailor Shirley Robertson participated in the championship, accompanied by a film crew from the CNN <i>Mainsail</i> programme who produced a TV record of the event. </p><p>After devoting 10 years to the project, British engineer Richard Jenkins broke the land speed record for a wind-powered craft. Jenkins's vehicle, the Ecotricity Greenbird, clocked in at 126.1 mph on March 26, 2009. This was done just south of Las Vegas, Nevada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the US, annual competitions are held by local clubs and by NALSA, the North American Landsailing Association. The largest regatta is regularly held the last week of March on the playa at the California-Nevada border near Primm, Nevada. The classes sailed in the US include several one-design classes, international class 5 (5 m² class in the US), and open classes solely based on the sail/wing area. The European yachts sail with the appropriate US open class according to their sail area. </p><p>Promoting international competition, there are periodic regattas including FISLY and other landsailing nations, mostly on the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Rim</a>. The host and venue of this regatta rotates, and the 2009 event was to be hosted by NALSA at the March regatta. </p><p>A history of sailing in the US can be found at Nalsa.org.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blokart sailing is coordinated by the North American Blokart Sailing Association.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blokart_racing">Blokart racing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Blokart racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blokart" title="Blokart">Blokart</a></div> <p>Blokart racing is a sport administered by the International Blokart Racing Association (IBRA),<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who sanction events and set the international racing rules.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blokart World Championships have been held biennially since the inaugural event at the home of Blokart in Papamoa, New Zealand in 2008. The Blokart Worlds event<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been since held in Ostend, Belgium; <a href="/wiki/Ivanpah_Lake" title="Ivanpah Lake">Ivanpah</a>, California, US; and Perth, Australia. In 2018 the Worlds event was held in Binissalem, Mallorca, Spain. </p><p>Blokart racing is held on purpose built tracks, airport runways, parking areas as well as beaches and dry lake beds. Blokart race events are held around the world, with major events such as New Zealand Open, European Open, British Open, Australian Open, and the North American Open held annually. </p><p>Blokarts are raced in two classes – production and performance, and in various weight divisions. The production class is based on the basic blokart design. In the performance class additional parts from the manufacturer are allowed such as carbon fibre mast sections and an aerodynamic shell, adjustable downhaul and modification of the sail battens to alter the shape of the sail. Blokarts have four standard sail sizes, 2.0m, 3.0m, 4.0m and 5.5m, with sail size choice being dependent on wind strength and weight of the sailor, with heavier sailors requiring larger sails, and smaller sails being more efficient in stronger winds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Part of the journey in <i><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_Eighty_Days" title="Around the World in Eighty Days">Around the World in Eighty Days</a></i> of <i><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a></i> is done by sailsleigh.</li> <li>In the 1909 <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Oz" title="Land of Oz">Land of Oz</a> book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Oz" title="The Road to Oz">The Road to Oz</a></i>, Dorothy Gale, <a href="/wiki/Shaggy_Man" title="Shaggy Man">Shaggy Man</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Button-Bright" class="mw-redirect" title="Button-Bright">Button-Bright</a> cross the <a href="/wiki/Deadly_Desert" title="Deadly Desert">Deadly Desert</a> into Oz by use of a sand ship.</li> <li>Land sailing is featured in <a href="/wiki/Clive_Cussler" title="Clive Cussler">Clive Cussler</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Pitt" title="Dirk Pitt">Dirk Pitt</a> novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Sahara_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahara (novel)">Sahara</a></i>, and also in its <a href="/wiki/Sahara_(2005_film)" title="Sahara (2005 film)">film adaptation</a>. Cussler later had his character, Juan Cabrillo, jury-rig a para-skiing apparatus for land-sailing in his <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Files" title="Oregon Files">Oregon Files</a> novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_Coast_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeleton Coast (novel)">Skeleton Coast</a></i>.</li> <li>Blokarting featured in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Race_13" title="The Amazing Race 13">The Amazing Race 13</a></i>, in episode 4.</li> <li>Sand sailing is featured as a means of desert transportation in <i><a href="/wiki/Avatar:_The_Last_Airbender" title="Avatar: The Last Airbender">Avatar: The Last Airbender</a></i>, in episodes 30 and 31.</li> <li>A landsailing rover on the planet <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> was selected by the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Institute_for_Advanced_Concepts" title="NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts">NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts</a> program as a technology study<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Land sailing is featured in book three, <i>Odalisque</i>, of <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Quicksilver_(novel)" title="Quicksilver (novel)">Quicksilver</a></i>, the first part of Stephenson's <a href="/wiki/Baroque_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroque Cycle">Baroque Cycle</a>.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dreamstone" title="The Dreamstone">The Dreamstone</a></i>, The Urpneys used a land yacht twice, in 'Trouble with the Miners' and 'The Jolly Bird.'</li> <li>The British reality-television competition series <i><a href="/wiki/Scrapheap_Challenge" title="Scrapheap Challenge">Scrapheap Challenge</a></i> featured land yachts in season 2, episode 4. One team created a dual-sail yacht, but failed to win.</li> <li>The American reality-television competition series <i><a href="/wiki/Junkyard_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Junkyard Wars">Junkyard Wars</a></i> featured land yachts in season 7, episode 3 "Sand Yacht". Two teams, each led by an expert land yachtsman, constructed small yachts from parts available in a junkyard. The team that won used an aluminium sail, supposedly the first time a metal sail was used for a land yacht.</li> <li>The American tall tale "<a href="/wiki/Windwagon_Smith" title="Windwagon Smith">Windwagon Smith</a>" is about a sea captain who traveled across Kansas in a wind-propelled covered wagon fitted with a sail. This tale was adapted into the Disney animated short <i>The Saga of Windwagon Smith</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Watts_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watts-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The novel <i><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Simmons_novel)" title="Hyperion (Simmons novel)">Hyperion</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Simmons" title="Dan Simmons">Dan Simmons</a> features a so-called 'wind-wagon' which carries the protagonists across the sea of grass, a large plain filled with razor sharp head-height grass.</li> <li>The novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Odyssey" title="The Green Odyssey">The Green Odyssey</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Jos%C3%A9_Farmer" title="Philip José Farmer">Philip José Farmer</a> is placed on an Earth-like planet covered by a sea of grass. The plot involves wheeled sailing ships and dangerously mobile islands.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sheckley" title="Robert Sheckley">Robert Sheckley</a>'s short story "A Wind is Rising" (1957), the natives of the extremely windy planet Carella use land ships as a common travel method.</li> <li>In the episodes 8 and 9 <a href="/wiki/Secret_of_Cerulean_Sand" title="Secret of Cerulean Sand">Secret of Cerulean Sand</a>, Jane Buxton, her guide Sabri and her butler Chambellan travel across the Oriental desert in a land yacht</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Pete%27s_Dragon_(1977_film)" title="Pete's Dragon (1977 film)">Pete's Dragon</a> the villainous <a href="/wiki/Quack_doctor" class="mw-redirect" title="Quack doctor">quack doctor</a> Terminus arrives in Passamaquoddy driving a sail-powered wagon because his horses were stolen by the inhabitants of the previous town he visited.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_yachting" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice yachting">Ice yachting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_buggying" class="mw-redirect" title="Kite buggying">Kite buggying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_boarding" class="mw-redirect" title="Kite boarding">Kiteboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_windsurfing" title="Land windsurfing">Land windsurfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whike" class="mw-redirect" title="Whike">Whike sailing cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind-powered_land_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind-powered land vehicle">Wind-powered land vehicle</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBassano" class="citation web cs1">Bassano, Dennis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nalsa.org/StateOfTheDirt1.htm">"The State of Dirtboating in the US and Beyond"</a>. <i>www.nalsa.org</i>. NALSA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nalsa.org&rft.atitle=The+State+of+Dirtboating+in+the+US+and+Beyond&rft.aulast=Bassano&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nalsa.org%2FStateOfTheDirt1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+sailing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reina-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reina_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReina2018" class="citation journal cs1">Reina, Giulio (2018). "Modelling and handling dynamics of a wind-driven vehicle". <i>Vehicle System Dynamics</i>. <b>57</b> (5): 697–720. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00423114.2018.1479529">10.1080/00423114.2018.1479529</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:117266618">117266618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vehicle+System+Dynamics&rft.atitle=Modelling+and+handling+dynamics+of+a+wind-driven+vehicle&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=697-720&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00423114.2018.1479529&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A117266618%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Reina&rft.aufirst=Giulio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+sailing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTemple1986" class="citation book cs1">Temple, Robert K. G. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13796876"><i>China : land of discovery</i></a>. Wellingborough: Stephens. p. 195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85059-858-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85059-858-3"><bdi>0-85059-858-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13796876">13796876</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+%3A+land+of+discovery&rft.place=Wellingborough&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Stephens&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13796876&rft.isbn=0-85059-858-3&rft.aulast=Temple&rft.aufirst=Robert+K.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F13796876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+sailing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-needham_volume_4_part_2_274_276-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-needham_volume_4_part_2_274_276_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 274-276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-needham_volume_4_part_2_276-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-needham_volume_4_part_2_276_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-needham_volume_4_part_2_276_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-needham_volume_4_part_2_276_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKansas_Historical_Society" class="citation web cs1">Kansas Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/wind-wagons/12239">"Wind Wagons"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706114210/https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/wind-wagons/12239">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wind+Wagons&rft.au=Kansas+Historical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kshs.org%2Fkansapedia%2Fwind-wagons%2F12239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+sailing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoffenberg, H. L. (1982). Nineteenth-century South America in photographs. New York: Dover Publ.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charsavoile.fr/histl.htm">Histoire du char à voile</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NASA, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/home/feature_windsurfing.html">Windsurfing on a Wicked World</a>. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/466x248/public/windsurfer_466_0.jpg?itok=KuD7qYer">NASA image</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Darren Orf, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/space/how-much-do-we-really-know-about-venus-15939291">"How Much Do We Really Know About Venus?"</a> <i>Popular Mechanics,</i> September 18, 2013 4:32 PM</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heilman, Richard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cleveland.com/berea/index.ssf/2017/11/post_256.html">"Book spotlights scientist's work on Venus rover"</a>, <i>Berea News Sun</i>, Nov. 17 2017. Retrieved Dec, 7, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vip.worldbook.com/land-sailing-venus-rover">Land-Sailing Venus Rover With NASA Inventor Geoffrey Landis</a></i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7166-6160-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7166-6160-3">978-0-7166-6160-3</a> World Book, Chicago 2017. Retrieved Dec. 7, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fisly.org/newsletter/20221212_Landsailing_Record.pdf">International Federation for Sand and Land Yachting - Press Release</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7968860.stm">BBC News - March 2009 - Wind-powered car breaks record</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Borroz-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Borroz_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorroz" class="citation magazine cs1">Borroz, Tony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.wired.com/cars/2009/03/british-man-set.html">"Freaky Speeder Rides the Wind to World Record"</a>. <i>Autotopia</i>. Wired<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Autotopia&rft.atitle=Freaky+Speeder+Rides+the+Wind+to+World+Record&rft.aulast=Borroz&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.wired.com%2Fcars%2F2009%2F03%2Fbritish-man-set.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+sailing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/KHND/2009/3/26/DailyHistory.html?req_city=Nipton&req_state=CA&req_statename=California">Wunderground weather history near Nipton, CA</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nalsa.org/speed_record.htm">"Speed Record"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speed+Record&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nalsa.org%2Fspeed_record.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+sailing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7968860.stm">BBC.co.uk</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7610786.stm">BBC News - September 2008 - Wind power speed record bid fails </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peterlynnhimself.com/newsletter/April_Nl_12.html">"kite powered speed records"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lynn" title="Peter Lynn">Peter Lynn</a>. April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=kite+powered+speed+records&rft.pub=Peter+Lynn&rft.date=2012-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeterlynnhimself.com%2Fnewsletter%2FApril_Nl_12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+sailing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flyozone.com/landkites/en/news/headlines/21616">"Peter Foulkes & Daniel Spiegel - 24hr Land Kite World Distance Records Broken"</a>. Ozone Kites.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+Foulkes+%26+Daniel+Spiegel+-+24hr+Land+Kite+World+Distance+Records+Broken&rft.pub=Ozone+Kites&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flyozone.com%2Flandkites%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fheadlines%2F21616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+sailing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/norfolk/features/gobi_desert/gobi_desert_diary_01.shtml">"Gobi desert kite buggy adventure"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 24 September 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gobi+desert+kite+buggy+adventure&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2004-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnorfolk%2Ffeatures%2Fgobi_desert%2Fgobi_desert_diary_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+sailing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madwaysouth.com/">Mad way south</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.wired.com/cars/2009/03/british-man-set.html">wired.com</a> Freaky Speeder Rides the Wind to World Record</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/merseyside/6997449.stm">"Sand yacht championships to start"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 16 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sand+yacht+championships+to+start&rft.date=2007-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fengland%2Fmerseyside%2F6997449.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+sailing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tomamateyavivate.com.ar/eventos-argentinos/campeonato-mundial-de-carrovelismo-argentina-2008%E2%80%8F/">"XI Campeonato Mundial de Carrovelismo 2008 en Rada Tilly -Chubut (Patagonia Argentina )"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=XI+Campeonato+Mundial+de+Carrovelismo+2008+en+Rada+Tilly+-Chubut+%28Patagonia+Argentina+%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomamateyavivate.com.ar%2Feventos-argentinos%2Fcampeonato-mundial-de-carrovelismo-argentina-2008%25E2%2580%258F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+sailing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worlndchampionships2010depanne.com">"Official website of the world championships 2010"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Official+website+of+the+world+championships+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlndchampionships2010depanne.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+sailing" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nalsa.org/landsailing_in_america.htm">Nalsa.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://NABSA.org">North American Blokart Sailing Association</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blokartworlds.com/ibra/">International Blokart Racing Association (IBRA)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blokartworlds.com/ibra-sailing-rules/">rules</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blokartworlds.com/past-events/">The Blokart Worlds event</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/home/feature_windsurfing.html">http://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/home/feature_windsurfing.html</a> (accessed 10 July 2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keith Wagstaff, <i>Time Magazine</i> Techland blog, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techland.time.com/2012/08/13/whats-next-for-nasa-10-wild-newly-funded-projects/">"What’s Next for NASA? 10 Wild Newly Funded Projects"</a> August 14, 2012 (accessed 1 September 2012)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Watts-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Watts_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatts2007" class="citation book cs1">Watts, Linda S. (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofam00lind"><i>Encyclopedia of American Folklore</i></a></span>. New York, N.Y.: Facts on File. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofam00lind/page/357">357</a>–358. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5699-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5699-6"><bdi>978-0-8160-5699-6</bdi></a>. <q>Windwagon (legendary) disney.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+American+Folklore&rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=357-358&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-5699-6&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=Linda+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofam00lind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+sailing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeedham1965" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Needham, Joseph (1965). <i>Science and Civilisation in China</i>. Vol. 4 part 2 Mechanical Engineering.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Civilisation+in+China&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+sailing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seabreeze.com.au/forums/Land-Yacht-Sailing/Construction/Build-a-Landyacht-Lake-Lefroy-Mini-Yacht/">Mini class land yacht plans and construction notes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Land_sailing" class="extiw" title="commons:Land sailing"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Land sailing</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landyachting.co">Kent Land Yacht Center</a> (a good starting point for those looking to try land yachting)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.FISLY.org">FISLY</a> Federation Internationale Sand and Land Yachting (international governing body)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ircssa.org/">IRCSSA</a> International Radio Control Surface Sailing Association - for <a href="/wiki/Radio_control" title="Radio control">radio control</a> modeling of both RC land yachts and <a href="/wiki/Iceboat" title="Iceboat">iceboats</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landyachting.co.uk/home.htm">Kent Land Yacht Club</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theblsa.com">The BLSA</a>: The British Land Speedsail Association (UK national governing body for Blokart sailing and land speedsailing)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nabsa.org">North American Blokart Sailing Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UME-v2uQDxo">"Iron Duck"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. Iron Duck Project featuring Bob Dill, Bob Schumacher, Richard Jenkins, and Stefan Dalberg. Nov 3, 2022</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Application_of_wind_energy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Application_of_wind_energy" title="Template:Application of wind energy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Application_of_wind_energy" title="Template talk:Application of wind energy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Application_of_wind_energy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Application of wind energy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Application_of_wind_energy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Application of <a href="/wiki/Wind_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind energy">wind energy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">Wind power</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">Wind turbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill" title="Windmill">Wind mill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_propulsion" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle propulsion">Vehicle propulsion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailboat" title="Sailboat">Sailboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">Sailing ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_kite" title="Power kite">Power kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SkySails" title="SkySails">SkySails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceboat" title="Iceboat">Iceboat</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Land sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotor_ship" title="Rotor ship">Rotor ship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kite_applications" title="Kite applications">Kite applications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kite" title="Kite">Kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-lifting_kite" title="Man-lifting kite">Human-lifting kite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Air_current" title="Air current">Air current</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">Windcatcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&oldid=1257921430">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&oldid=1257921430</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sailing" title="Category:Sailing">Sailing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_inventions" title="Category:Chinese inventions">Chinese inventions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2020" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from February 2020">Articles with dead external links from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link is on Wikidata">Commons link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 07:23<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_sailing&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7c4dcdbb87-h58wz","wgBackendResponseTime":134,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.563","walltime":"0.691","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1907,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":34154,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1849,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":70896,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 588.546 1 -total"," 43.60% 256.609 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.60% 127.153 6 Template:Cite_web"," 16.61% 97.743 1 Template:Application_of_wind_energy"," 15.93% 93.754 1 Template:Navbox"," 12.85% 75.615 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.67% 45.170 2 Template:Pagetype"," 6.94% 40.822 1 Template:Commons"," 6.66% 39.220 1 Template:Sister_project"," 6.36% 37.415 1 Template:Side_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.328","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7362631,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-xk5v5","timestamp":"20241203070204","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Land sailing","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land_sailing","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q977003","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q977003","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-07-12T01:44:25Z","dateModified":"2024-11-17T07:23:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9b\/Sail_wagon_edit1.jpg","headline":"wind-powered ground transportation"}</script> </body> </html>