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<span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historical context</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rediscovery_and_excavation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rediscovery_and_excavation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rediscovery and excavation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rediscovery_and_excavation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture_and_urban_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture_and_urban_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Architecture and urban infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture_and_urban_infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture and urban infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture_and_urban_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Major buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fortifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fortifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Fortifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fortifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_supply_and_wells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_supply_and_wells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Water supply and wells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_supply_and_wells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flooding_and_rebuilding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flooding_and_rebuilding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Flooding and rebuilding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flooding_and_rebuilding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_artefacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_artefacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable artefacts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_artefacts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable artefacts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_artefacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mother_Goddess_Idol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mother_Goddess_Idol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Mother Goddess Idol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mother_Goddess_Idol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dancing_Girl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dancing_Girl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Dancing Girl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dancing_Girl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Priest-King" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Priest-King"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Priest-King</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Priest-King-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pashupati_seal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pashupati_seal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Pashupati seal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pashupati_seal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seven-stranded_necklace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seven-stranded_necklace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Seven-stranded necklace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seven-stranded_necklace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Mohenjo-daro_ruler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Mohenjo-daro_ruler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>The Mohenjo-daro ruler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Mohenjo-daro_ruler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation_and_current_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation_and_current_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Conservation and current state</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Conservation_and_current_state-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Conservation and current state subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Conservation_and_current_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2014_Sindh_Festival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_Sindh_Festival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>2014 Sindh Festival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_Sindh_Festival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohenjo-daro</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-Daro" title="Mohenjo-Daro – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mohenjo-Daro" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88" title="موهينجو دارو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موهينجو دارو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8B" title="মহেঞ্জোদাৰো – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মহেঞ্জোদাৰো" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-Daro" title="Mohenjo-Daro – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mohenjo-Daro" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenco-Daro" title="Mohenco-Daro – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mohenco-Daro" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B" title="মহেঞ্জোদাড়ো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মহেঞ্জোদাড়ো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE-%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Мохенджо-Даро – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мохенджо-Даро" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0-%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Махенджа-Дара – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Махенджа-Дара" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B" title="मोहनजोदड़ो – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मोहनजोदड़ो" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE-%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Мохенджо-Даро – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мохенджо-Даро" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-Daro" title="Mohenjo-Daro – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mohenjo-Daro" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohend%C5%BEodaro" title="Mohendžodaro – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mohendžodaro" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-Daro" title="Mohenjo-Daro – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mohenjo-Daro" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-Daro" title="Mohenjo-Daro – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mohenjo-Daro" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo_Daro" title="Mohenjo Daro – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mohenjo Daro" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%BF-%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Μοχέντζο-ντάρο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοχέντζο-ντάρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-Daro" title="Mohenjo-Daro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mohenjo-Daro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohen%C4%9Do-daro" title="Mohenĝo-daro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mohenĝo-daro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88" title="موهن‌جو دارو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موهن‌جو دارو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohanajodaro" title="Mohanajodaro – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mohanajodaro" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-Daro" title="Mohenjo-Daro – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mohenjo-Daro" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%82-%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8B-%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8B" title="મોહેં-જો-દડો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મોહેં-જો-દડો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="मोहेंजोदडो – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="मोहेंजोदडो" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%ED%97%A8%EC%A1%B0%EB%8B%A4%EB%A1%9C" title="모헨조다로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모헨조다로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BB%D5%B8_%D4%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8" title="Մոհենջո Դարո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոհենջո Դարո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B" title="मुअनजो-दड़ो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुअनजो-दड़ो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo_Daro" title="Mohenjo Daro – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mohenjo Daro" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95" title="מואנג'ודארו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מואנג'ודארו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8A-%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B" title="ಮೊಹೆಂಜೊ-ದಾರೋ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೊಹೆಂಜೊ-ದಾರೋ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="მოჰენჯო-დარო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოჰენჯო-დარო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE-%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Маханджо-Даро – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Маханджо-Даро" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-Daro" title="Mohenjo-Daro – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mohenjo-Daro" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohend%C5%BEodaro" title="Mohendžodaro – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mohendžodaro" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohend%C5%BEo_Daras" title="Mohendžo Daras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mohendžo Daras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohendzsod%C3%A1ro" title="Mohendzsodáro – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mohendzsodáro" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="मोहन जोदडो – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मोहन जोदडो" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8A_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B" title="മോഹൻജൊ ദാരോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മോഹൻജൊ ദാരോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fdalijiet_Arkeolo%C4%A1i%C4%8Bi_ta%27_Moenjodaro" title="Fdalijiet Arkeoloġiċi ta' Moenjodaro – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Fdalijiet Arkeoloġiċi ta' Moenjodaro" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="मोहेंजोदडो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोहेंजोदडो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="მოჰენჯო-დარო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მოჰენჯო-დარო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88" title="موهينجو دارو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موهينجو دارو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="မိုဟန်ဂျိုဒါရို – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုဟန်ဂျိုဒါရို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjodaro" title="Mohenjodaro – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mohenjodaro" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B" title="मोहन जोदडो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मोहन जोदडो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%98%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%80%E3%83%AD" title="モヘンジョダロ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モヘンジョダロ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-Daro" title="Mohenjo-Daro – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mohenjo-Daro" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9E%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B" title="ମହେଞ୍ଜୋଦାରୋ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମହେଞ୍ଜୋଦାରୋ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%8B" title="ਮੋਹਿਨਜੋਦੜੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੋਹਿਨਜੋਦੜੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="मोहं जो दारो – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="मोहं जो दारो" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%AF%DA%91%D9%88" title="موئن جو دڑو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موئن جو دڑو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%90%DA%93%D9%88" title="مونجو دېړو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مونجو دېړو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohend%C5%BCo_Daro" title="Mohendżo Daro – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mohendżo Daro" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moenjodaro" title="Moenjodaro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Moenjodaro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE-%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Мохенджо-Даро – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мохенджо-Даро" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%DB%81%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%AF%DA%91%D9%88" title="موہن جو دڑو – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="موہن جو دڑو" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenxho-daro" title="Mohenxho-daro – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mohenxho-daro" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D" title="මොහෙන්ජදාරෝ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මොහෙන්ජදාරෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%AF%DA%99%D9%88" title="موهن جو دڙو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="موهن جو دڙو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohend%C5%BEodaro" title="Mohendžodaro – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mohendžodaro" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohend%C5%BEo-daro" title="Mohendžo-daro – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mohendžo-daro" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%BE-%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Мохенџо-даро – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мохенџо-даро" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohend%C5%BEo-daro" title="Mohendžo-daro – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mohendžo-daro" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-Daro" title="Mohenjo-Daro – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mohenjo-Daro" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B" title="மொகெஞ்சதாரோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மொகெஞ்சதாரோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8B-%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B" title="మొహెంజో-దారో – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొహెంజో-దారో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88-%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3" title="โมเฮนโจ-ดาโร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โมเฮนโจ-ดาโร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenco-daro" title="Mohenco-daro – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mohenco-daro" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE-%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Мохенджо-Даро – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мохенджо-Даро" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%DB%81%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%AF%DA%91%D9%88" title="موہن جو دڑو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موہن جو دڑو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mohenjo-daro" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E4%BA%A8%E4%BD%90-%E8%BE%BE%E7%BD%97" title="摩亨佐-达罗 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="摩亨佐-达罗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E4%BA%A8%E4%BD%90%E9%81%94%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%8E" title="摩亨佐達羅城 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="摩亨佐達羅城" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mohenjo-daro&params=27_19_45_N_68_08_20_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°19′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">68°08′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.32917°N 68.13889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.32917; 68.13889</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archaeological site in Sindh, Pakistan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the archaeological site. For the 2016 Bollywood film, see <a href="/wiki/Mohenjo_Daro_(film)" title="Mohenjo Daro (film)">Mohenjo Daro (film)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Mohenjo-daro</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohenjodaro_-_view_of_the_stupa_mound.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Moen-jo-daro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Mohenjodaro_-_view_of_the_stupa_mound.JPG/250px-Mohenjodaro_-_view_of_the_stupa_mound.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Mohenjodaro_-_view_of_the_stupa_mound.JPG/500px-Mohenjodaro_-_view_of_the_stupa_mound.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_Sindh_relief_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mohenjo-daro"><img alt="Mohenjo-daro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Pakistan_Sindh_relief_map.svg/250px-Pakistan_Sindh_relief_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Pakistan_Sindh_relief_map.svg/500px-Pakistan_Sindh_relief_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="1098" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.492%;left:36.47%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mohenjo-daro"><img alt="Mohenjo-daro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within Sindh</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Sindh</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mohenjo-daro"><img alt="Mohenjo-daro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pakistan_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Pakistan_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pakistan_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Pakistan_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pakistan_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Pakistan_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2365" data-file-height="1890" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.733%;left:38.194%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mohenjo-daro"><img alt="Mohenjo-daro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Mohenjo-daro (Pakistan)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Pakistan</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Asia_non_political,_with_rivers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mohenjo-daro"><img alt="Mohenjo-daro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg/250px-South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg/500px-South_Asia_non_political%2C_with_rivers.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2324" data-file-height="2151" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.902%;left:21.659%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mohenjo-daro"><img alt="Mohenjo-daro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Mohenjo-daro (South Asia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of South Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Larkana_District" title="Larkana District">Larkana District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mohenjo-daro&params=27_19_45_N_68_08_20_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°19′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">68°08′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.32917°N 68.13889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.32917; 68.13889</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Settlement</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">250 ha (620 acres)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">26–25th century BCE</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abandoned</th><td class="infobox-data">19th century BCE</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultures</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: ii, iii</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/138">138</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1980 (4th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">240 ha</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mohenjo-daro</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a>: <span lang="sd" dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:90%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">موهن جو دڙو</span>‎</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Mound of the Dead Men</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>; <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">موئن جو دڑو</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sd-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[muˑənⁱ<span class="wrap"> </span>dʑoˑ<span class="wrap"> </span>d̪əɽoˑ]</a></span>) is an archaeological site in <a href="/wiki/Larkana_District" title="Larkana District">Larkana District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. Built <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2500 BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a>, and one of the world's earliest major <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">cities</a>, contemporaneous with the civilisations of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan Crete</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caral%E2%80%93Supe_civilization" title="Caral–Supe civilization">Norte Chico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Name_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Name-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With an estimated population of at least 40,000 people, Mohenjo-daro prospered for several centuries, but by <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1700 BCE had been abandoned,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with other large cities of the Indus Valley Civilisation. </p><p>The site was rediscovered in the 1920s. Significant excavation has since been conducted at the site of the city, which was designated a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 1980, the first site in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> to be so designated.<sup id="cite_ref-mohenjodaro.net_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mohenjodaro.net-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site is currently threatened by erosion and improper restoration.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCLostMaybe_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCLostMaybe-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The city's original name is unknown. Based on his analysis of a Mohenjo-daro seal, <a href="/wiki/Iravatham_Mahadevan" title="Iravatham Mahadevan">Iravatham Mahadevan</a> speculates that the city's ancient name could have been <i>Kukkuṭārma</i> ("the city [<i>-rma</i>] of the <a href="/wiki/Cockerel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockerel">cockerel</a> [<i>kukkuta</i>]").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Cock-fighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Cock-fighting">Cock-fighting</a> may have had ritual and religious significance for the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Mohenjo-daro may also have been a <a href="/wiki/Diffusion_of_innovations" title="Diffusion of innovations">point of diffusion</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> of the domesticated chicken found in Africa, Western Asia, Europe and the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mohenjo-daro, the modern name for the site, has been interpreted as "Mound of the Dead" in <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Name_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Name-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IVC-major-sites-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/IVC-major-sites-2.jpg/250px-IVC-major-sites-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/IVC-major-sites-2.jpg/375px-IVC-major-sites-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/IVC-major-sites-2.jpg/500px-IVC-major-sites-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1259" data-file-height="1548" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the major sites and theorised extent of the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a>, including the location of the Mohenjo-daro site</figcaption></figure> <p>Mohenjo-daro is located off the right (west) bank of the lower<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus river</a> in <a href="/wiki/Larkana_District" title="Larkana District">Larkana District</a>, Sindh, Pakistan. It lies on a <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> ridge in the flood plain of the Indus, around 28 kilometres (17 mi) from the town of <a href="/wiki/Larkana" title="Larkana">Larkana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_context">Historical context</h2></div> <p>Mohenjo-daro was built in the 26th century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-Ancientindia.co.uk_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ancientindia.co.uk-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was one of the largest cities of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a>, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappan</a> Civilisation,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which developed <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3000 BCE from the prehistoric Indus culture. At its height, the Indus Civilisation spanned much of what is now Pakistan and North India, extending westwards to the <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> border, south to <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> in India and northwards to an outpost in <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a>, with major urban centers at Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, <a href="/wiki/Lothal" title="Lothal">Lothal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalibangan" title="Kalibangan">Kalibangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dholavira" title="Dholavira">Dholavira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rakhigarhi" title="Rakhigarhi">Rakhigarhi</a>. Mohenjo-daro was the most advanced city of its time, with remarkably sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Indus civilisation went into sudden decline <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1900 BCE, Mohenjo-daro was abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-Ancientindia.co.uk_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ancientindia.co.uk-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KenoyerArticle_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KenoyerArticle-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rediscovery_and_excavation">Rediscovery and excavation</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archaeological_Ruins_at_Moenjodaro-108221.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Archaeological_Ruins_at_Moenjodaro-108221.jpg/220px-Archaeological_Ruins_at_Moenjodaro-108221.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Archaeological_Ruins_at_Moenjodaro-108221.jpg/330px-Archaeological_Ruins_at_Moenjodaro-108221.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Archaeological_Ruins_at_Moenjodaro-108221.jpg/440px-Archaeological_Ruins_at_Moenjodaro-108221.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Archaeological ruins at Moenjodaro</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohenja-daro_excavations_1924.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Mohenja-daro_excavations_1924.jpg/250px-Mohenja-daro_excavations_1924.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Mohenja-daro_excavations_1924.jpg/330px-Mohenja-daro_excavations_1924.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Mohenja-daro_excavations_1924.jpg/500px-Mohenja-daro_excavations_1924.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3729" data-file-height="2426" /></a><figcaption>Excavations at Mohenjo-daro in 1924</figcaption></figure> <p>The ruins of the city remained undocumented for around 3,700 years until <a href="/wiki/R._D._Banerji" title="R. D. Banerji">R. D. Banerji</a>, an officer of the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Survey_of_India" title="Archaeological Survey of India">Archaeological Survey of India</a>, visited the site in 1919–20 identifying what he thought to be a <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> <a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">stupa</a> (150–500 CE) known to be there and finding a flint scraper which convinced him of the site's antiquity. This led to large-scale excavations of Mohenjo-daro led by <a href="/wiki/Kashinath_Narayan_Dikshit" title="Kashinath Narayan Dikshit">K. N. Dikshit</a> in 1924–25, and <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_(archaeologist)" title="John Marshall (archaeologist)">John Marshall</a> in 1925–26.<sup id="cite_ref-Possehl_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Possehl-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1930s major excavations were conducted at the site under the leadership of Marshall, D. K. Dikshitar and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_J._H._Mackay" title="Ernest J. H. Mackay">Ernest Mackay</a>. Further excavations were carried out in 1945 by <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Wheeler" title="Mortimer Wheeler">Mortimer Wheeler</a> and his trainee, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Hasan_Dani" title="Ahmad Hasan Dani">Ahmad Hasan Dani</a> and <a href="/wiki/F._A._Khan" title="F. A. Khan">F. A. Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last major series of excavations were conducted in 1964 and 1965 by <a href="/wiki/George_F._Dales" title="George F. Dales">George F. Dales</a>. After 1965, excavations were banned due to <a href="/wiki/Weathering" title="Weathering">weathering</a> damage to the exposed structures, and the only projects allowed at the site since have been salvage excavations, surface surveys, and conservation projects. In the 1980s, German and Italian survey groups led by Michael Jansen and Maurizio Tosi used less invasive archeological techniques, such as architectural documentation, surface surveys, and localized probing, to gather further information about Mohenjo-daro.<sup id="cite_ref-mohenjodaro.net_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mohenjodaro.net-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A dry core drilling conducted in 2015 by Pakistan's National Fund for Mohenjo-daro revealed that the site is larger than the unearthed area.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture_and_urban_infrastructure">Architecture and urban infrastructure</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sanitation_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilisation">Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilisation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harappan_architecture" title="Harappan architecture">Harappan architecture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moen_Jo_Daro_(The_Mond_of_the_Deads).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Moen_Jo_Daro_%28The_Mond_of_the_Deads%29.jpg/250px-Moen_Jo_Daro_%28The_Mond_of_the_Deads%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Moen_Jo_Daro_%28The_Mond_of_the_Deads%29.jpg/330px-Moen_Jo_Daro_%28The_Mond_of_the_Deads%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Moen_Jo_Daro_%28The_Mond_of_the_Deads%29.jpg/500px-Moen_Jo_Daro_%28The_Mond_of_the_Deads%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Regularity of streets and buildings suggests the influence of ancient <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a> in Mohenjo-daro's construction.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohenjo-daro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mohenjo-daro.jpg/250px-Mohenjo-daro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mohenjo-daro.jpg/330px-Mohenjo-daro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mohenjo-daro.jpg/500px-Mohenjo-daro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>View of the site's <a href="/wiki/Great_Bath,_Mohenjo-daro" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro">Great Bath</a>, showing the surrounding urban layout</figcaption></figure> <p>Mohenjo-daro has a <a href="/wiki/Planned_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Planned city">planned layout</a> with <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rectilinear" class="extiw" title="wikt:rectilinear">rectilinear</a> buildings arranged on a <a href="/wiki/Grid_plan" title="Grid plan">grid plan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most were built of fired and mortared <a href="/wiki/Brick" title="Brick">brick</a>; some incorporated sun-dried <a href="/wiki/Mud-brick" class="mw-redirect" title="Mud-brick">mud-brick</a> and wooden superstructures. The covered area of Mohenjo-daro is estimated at 300 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectares</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Oxford Handbook of Cities in World History</i> offers a "weak" estimate of a peak population of around 40,000.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sheer size of the city, and its provision of public buildings and facilities, suggests a high level of social organization.<sup id="cite_ref-McIntosh389_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McIntosh389-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is divided into two parts, the so-called Citadel and the Lower City. The Citadel – a mud-brick mound around 12 metres (39 ft) high – is known to have supported public baths, a large residential structure designed to house about 5,000 citizens, and two large assembly halls. The city had a central marketplace, with a large central well. Individual households or groups of households obtained their water from smaller wells. Waste water was channeled to covered drains that lined the major streets. Some houses, presumably those of more prestigious inhabitants, include rooms that appear to have been set aside for bathing, and one building had an underground furnace (known as a <a href="/wiki/Hypocaust" title="Hypocaust">hypocaust</a>), possibly for heated bathing. Most houses had inner courtyards, with doors that opened onto side-lanes. Some buildings had two stories. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_buildings">Major buildings</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_bath_view_Mohenjodaro.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Great_bath_view_Mohenjodaro.JPG/220px-Great_bath_view_Mohenjodaro.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Great_bath_view_Mohenjodaro.JPG/330px-Great_bath_view_Mohenjodaro.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Great_bath_view_Mohenjodaro.JPG/440px-Great_bath_view_Mohenjodaro.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The Great Bath</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1950, Sir Mortimer Wheeler identified one large building in Mohenjo-daro as a "Great Granary". Certain wall-divisions in its massive wooden superstructure appeared to be grain storage-bays, complete with air-ducts to dry the grain. According to Wheeler, carts would have brought grain from the countryside and unloaded them directly into the bays. However, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mark_Kenoyer" title="Jonathan Mark Kenoyer">Jonathan Mark Kenoyer</a> noted the complete lack of evidence for grain at the "granary", which, he argued, might therefore be better termed a "Great Hall" of uncertain function.<sup id="cite_ref-KenoyerArticle_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KenoyerArticle-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Close to the "Great Granary" is a large and elaborate public bath, sometimes called the <a href="/wiki/Great_Bath" title="Great Bath">Great Bath</a>. From a colonnaded courtyard, steps lead down to the brick-built pool, which was waterproofed by a lining of <a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">bitumen</a>. The pool measures 12 metres (39 ft) long, 7 metres (23 ft) wide and 2.4 metres (7.9 ft) deep. It may have been used for religious purification. Other large buildings include a "Pillared Hall", thought to be an assembly hall of some kind, and the so-called "College Hall", a complex of buildings comprising 78 rooms, thought to have been a priestly residence. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fortifications">Fortifications</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Other_side_of_Moenjodaro_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Other_side_of_Moenjodaro_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg/220px-Other_side_of_Moenjodaro_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Other_side_of_Moenjodaro_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg/330px-Other_side_of_Moenjodaro_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Other_side_of_Moenjodaro_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg/440px-Other_side_of_Moenjodaro_by_Usman_Ghani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Excavation of the city revealed very tall <a href="/wiki/Water_well" class="mw-redirect" title="Water well">wells</a> (left), which it seems were continually built up as flooding and rebuilding raised the elevation of street level.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Mohenjo-daro had no series of city walls, but was fortified with guard towers to the west of the main settlement, and defensive fortifications to the south. Considering these fortifications and the structure of other major <a href="/wiki/Indus_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus valley">Indus valley</a> cities like <a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappa</a>, it is postulated that Mohenjo-daro was an administrative center. Both Harappa and Mohenjo-daro share relatively the same architectural layout, and were generally not heavily fortified like other Indus Valley sites. It is obvious from the identical city layouts of all Indus sites that there was some kind of political or administrative centrality, but the extent and functioning of an administrative center remains unclear. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_supply_and_wells">Water supply and wells</h3></div> <p>The location of Mohenjo-daro was built in a relatively short period of time, with the water supply system and wells being some of the first planned constructions. <sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the excavations done so far, over 700 wells are present at Mohenjo-daro, alongside drainage and bathing systems.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This number is unheard of when compared to other civilisations at the time, such as Egypt or Mesopotamia, and the quantity of wells transcribes as one well for every three houses.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the large number of wells, it is believed that the inhabitants relied solely on annual rainfall, as well as the Indus River's course remaining close to the site, alongside the wells providing water for long periods of time in the case of the city coming under siege.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the period in which these wells were built and used, it is likely that the circular brick well design used at this and many other Harappan sites are an invention that should be credited to the Indus civilisation, as there is no existing evidence of this design from Mesopotamia or Egypt at this time, and even later.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sewage and waste water for buildings at the site were disposed of via a centralized drainage system that ran alongside the site's streets.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These drains that ran alongside the road were effective at allowing most human waste and sewage to be disposed of as the drains most likely took the waste toward the Indus River.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flooding_and_rebuilding">Flooding and rebuilding</h3></div> <p>The city also had large platforms perhaps intended as defense against flooding.<sup id="cite_ref-McIntosh389_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McIntosh389-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a theory first advanced by Wheeler, the city could have been flooded and silted over, perhaps six times, and later rebuilt in the same location.<sup id="cite_ref-Dales_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dales-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For some archaeologists, it was believed that a final flood that helped engulf the city in a sea of mud brought about the abandonment of the site.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Possehl" title="Gregory Possehl">Gregory Possehl</a> was the first to theorize that the floods were caused by overuse and expansion upon the land, and that the mud flood was not the reason the site was abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of a mud flood wiping part of the city out in one fell swoop, Possehl coined the possibility of constant mini-floods throughout the year, paired with the land being worn out by crops, pastures, and resources for bricks and pottery spelled the downfall of the site.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_artefacts">Notable artefacts</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Disha_Kaka_Boat_with_Direction_Finding_Birds,_model_of_Mohenjo-Daro_seal,_3000_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Disha_Kaka_Boat_with_Direction_Finding_Birds%2C_model_of_Mohenjo-Daro_seal%2C_3000_BCE.jpg/330px-Disha_Kaka_Boat_with_Direction_Finding_Birds%2C_model_of_Mohenjo-Daro_seal%2C_3000_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Disha_Kaka_Boat_with_Direction_Finding_Birds%2C_model_of_Mohenjo-Daro_seal%2C_3000_BCE.jpg/500px-Disha_Kaka_Boat_with_Direction_Finding_Birds%2C_model_of_Mohenjo-Daro_seal%2C_3000_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Disha_Kaka_Boat_with_Direction_Finding_Birds%2C_model_of_Mohenjo-Daro_seal%2C_3000_BCE.jpg/960px-Disha_Kaka_Boat_with_Direction_Finding_Birds%2C_model_of_Mohenjo-Daro_seal%2C_3000_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3359" data-file-height="1788" /></a><figcaption>Boat with direction finding birds to find land.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Model of Mohenjo-Daro seal, 2500-1750 BCE.</figcaption></figure> <p>Numerous objects found in excavation include seated and standing figures, copper and stone tools, carved <a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">seals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weighing_scale" title="Weighing scale">balance-scales and weights</a>, gold and <a href="/wiki/Jasper" title="Jasper">jasper</a> jewellery, and children's toys.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many bronze and copper pieces, such as figurines and bowls, have been recovered from the site, showing that the inhabitants of Mohenjo-daro understood how to utilize the <a href="/wiki/Lost_wax_technique" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost wax technique">lost wax technique</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The furnaces found at the site are believed to have been used for copperworks and melting the metals as opposed to smelting. There even seems to be an entire section of the city dedicated to shell-working, located in the northeastern part of the site.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the most prominent copperworks recovered from the site are the copper tablets which have examples of the untranslated <a href="/wiki/Indus_script" title="Indus script">Indus script</a> and iconography.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the script has not been deciphered yet, many of the images on the tablets match another tablet and both hold the same caption in the Indus language, with the example given showing three tablets with the image of a mountain goat and the inscription on the back reading the same letters for the three tablets.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pottery and terracotta <a href="/wiki/Sherd" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherd">sherds</a> have been recovered from the site, with many of the pots having deposits of ash in them, leading archeologists to believe they were either used to hold the ashes of a person or as a way to warm up a home located in the site.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These heaters, or braziers, were ways to heat the house while also being able to be utilized in a manner of cooking or straining, while others solely believe they were used for heating.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The finds from Mohenjo-daro were initially deposited in the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Museum" title="Lahore Museum">Lahore Museum</a>, but later moved to the ASI headquarters at New Delhi, where a new "Central Imperial Museum" was being planned for the new capital of the British Raj, in which at least a selection would be displayed. It became apparent that Indian independence was approaching, but the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a> was not anticipated until late in the process. The new Pakistani authorities requested the return of the Harappan pieces excavated on their territory, but the Indian authorities refused. Eventually an agreement was reached, whereby the finds, totalling some 12,000 objects (most <a href="/wiki/Sherd" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherd">sherds</a> of pottery), were split equally between the countries; in some cases this was taken very literally, with some necklaces and girdles having their beads separated into two piles. In the case of the "two most celebrated sculpted figures", Pakistan asked for and received the <a href="/wiki/Priest-king_(sculpture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priest-king (sculpture)"><i>Priest-king</i></a>, while India retained the much smaller <a href="/wiki/Dancing_Girl_(prehistoric_sculpture)" title="Dancing Girl (prehistoric sculpture)"><i>Dancing Girl</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also the <i><a href="/wiki/Pashupati_seal" title="Pashupati seal">Pashupati seal</a></i>. </p><p>Most of the objects from Mohenjo-daro retained by India are in the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_India" title="National Museum of India">National Museum of India</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> and those returned to Pakistan in the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Pakistan" title="National Museum of Pakistan">National Museum of Pakistan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, with many also in the museum now established at Mohenjo-daro itself. In 1939, a small representative group of artefacts excavated at the site was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> by the Director-General of the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Survey_of_India" title="Archaeological Survey of India">Archaeological Survey of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mother_Goddess_Idol">Mother Goddess Idol</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Picture_of_original_Godess.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Picture_of_original_Godess.jpg/250px-Picture_of_original_Godess.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Picture_of_original_Godess.jpg/330px-Picture_of_original_Godess.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Picture_of_original_Godess.jpg/500px-Picture_of_original_Godess.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1452" data-file-height="1788" /></a><figcaption>"The Mother Goddess"</figcaption></figure> <p>Discovered by <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_(archaeologist)" title="John Marshall (archaeologist)">John Marshall</a> in 1931, the <a href="/wiki/Cult_image" title="Cult image">idol</a> appears to mimic certain characteristics that match the <a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">Mother Goddess</a> belief common in many early Near East civilisations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sculptures and figurines depicting women have been observed as part of Harappan culture and religion, as multiple female pieces were recovered from Marshall's archaeological digs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These figures were not categorized correctly, according to Marshall, meaning that where they were recovered from the site is not actually clear. One of said figures is 18.7 cm tall and is currently on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Pakistan" title="National Museum of Pakistan">National Museum of Pakistan</a>, in Karachi.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fertility and motherhood aspects on display on the idols is represented by the female genitalia that is presented in an almost exaggerated style as stated by Marshall, with him inferring that such figurines are offerings to the goddess, as opposed to the typical understanding of them being idols representing the goddess's likeness.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the figurines being unique in terms of hairstyles, body proportions, as well as headdresses and jewelry, there are theories as to who these figurines actually represent.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_42-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shereen_Ratnagar" title="Shereen Ratnagar">Shereen Ratnagar</a> theorizes that because of their uniqueness and dispersed discovery throughout the site that they could be figurines of ordinary household women, who commissioned these pieces to be used in rituals or healing ceremonies to help aforementioned individual women.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_42-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dancing_Girl">Dancing Girl</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dancing_Girl_(prehistoric_sculpture)" title="Dancing Girl (prehistoric sculpture)">Dancing Girl (prehistoric sculpture)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Dancing_Girl,_in_a_photogravure_by_Alfred_Nawrath,1938.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_Dancing_Girl%2C_in_a_photogravure_by_Alfred_Nawrath%2C1938.jpg/250px-The_Dancing_Girl%2C_in_a_photogravure_by_Alfred_Nawrath%2C1938.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_Dancing_Girl%2C_in_a_photogravure_by_Alfred_Nawrath%2C1938.jpg/330px-The_Dancing_Girl%2C_in_a_photogravure_by_Alfred_Nawrath%2C1938.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_Dancing_Girl%2C_in_a_photogravure_by_Alfred_Nawrath%2C1938.jpg/500px-The_Dancing_Girl%2C_in_a_photogravure_by_Alfred_Nawrath%2C1938.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption>"<a href="/wiki/Dancing_Girl_(Mohenjo-daro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dancing Girl (Mohenjo-daro)">The Dancing Girl</a>" </figcaption></figure><p> A <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> statuette dubbed the "Dancing Girl", 10.5 centimetres (4.1 in) high<sup id="cite_ref-national_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-national-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and about 4,500 years old, was found in 'HR area' of Mohenjo-daro in 1926; it is now in the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum,_New_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum, New Delhi">National Museum, New Delhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-national_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-national-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, British archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Wheeler" title="Mortimer Wheeler">Mortimer Wheeler</a> described the item as his favorite statuette:</p><blockquote><p>She's about fifteen years old I should think, not more, but she stands there with bangles all the way up her arm and nothing else on. A girl perfectly, for the moment, perfectly confident of herself and the world. There's nothing like her, I think, in the world.</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_(archaeologist)" title="John Marshall (archaeologist)">John Marshall</a>, another archeologist at Mohenjo-daro, described the figure as "a young girl, her hand on her hip in a half-impudent posture, and legs slightly forward as she beats time to the music with her legs and feet."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Possehl" title="Gregory Possehl">Gregory Possehl</a> said of the statuette, "We may not be certain that she was a dancer, but she was good at what she did and she knew it". The statue led to two important discoveries about the civilization: first, that they knew metal blending, casting and other sophisticated methods of working with ore, and secondly that entertainment, especially dance, was part of the culture.<sup id="cite_ref-national_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-national-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Priest-King">Priest-King</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Priest-King_(sculpture)" title="Priest-King (sculpture)">Priest-King (sculpture)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohenjo-daro_Priesterk%C3%B6nig.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Mohenjo-daro_Priesterk%C3%B6nig.jpeg/250px-Mohenjo-daro_Priesterk%C3%B6nig.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Mohenjo-daro_Priesterk%C3%B6nig.jpeg/330px-Mohenjo-daro_Priesterk%C3%B6nig.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Mohenjo-daro_Priesterk%C3%B6nig.jpeg/500px-Mohenjo-daro_Priesterk%C3%B6nig.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="754" /></a><figcaption>"The Priest-King", a seated stone sculpture at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Pakistan" title="National Museum of Pakistan">National Museum</a>, Karachi</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1927, a seated male <a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">soapstone</a> figure was found in a building with unusually ornamental brickwork and a wall-niche. Though there is no evidence that <a href="/wiki/Priests" class="mw-redirect" title="Priests">priests</a> or <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarchs</a> ruled Mohenjo-daro, archaeologists dubbed this dignified figure a "Priest-King". The sculpture is 17.5 centimetres (6.9 in) tall, and shows a neatly bearded man with pierced earlobes and a <a href="/wiki/Fillet_(clothing)" title="Fillet (clothing)">fillet</a> around his head, possibly all that is left of a once-elaborate hairstyle or head-dress; his hair is combed back. He wears an armband, and a cloak with drilled <a href="/wiki/Trefoil" title="Trefoil">trefoil</a>, single circle and double circle motifs, which show traces of red. His eyes might have originally been inlaid.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pashupati_seal">Pashupati seal</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pashupati_seal" title="Pashupati seal">Pashupati seal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiva_Pashupati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Shiva_Pashupati.jpg/250px-Shiva_Pashupati.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Shiva_Pashupati.jpg/330px-Shiva_Pashupati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Shiva_Pashupati.jpg/500px-Shiva_Pashupati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="926" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Pashupati_seal" title="Pashupati seal">Pashupati seal</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>A seal discovered at the site bears the image of a seated, cross-legged and possibly <a href="/wiki/Phallus" title="Phallus">ithyphallic</a> figure surrounded by animals. The figure has been interpreted by some scholars as a <a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">yogi</a>, and by others as a three-headed "proto-<a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>" as "Lord of Animals". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seven-stranded_necklace">Seven-stranded necklace</h3></div> <p>Sir Mortimer Wheeler was especially fascinated with this artifact, which he believed to be at least 4,500 years old. The necklace has an S-shaped clasp with seven strands, each over 4 ft long, of bronze-metal bead-like nuggets which connect each arm of the "S" in <a href="/wiki/Filigree" title="Filigree">filigree</a>. Each strand has between 220 and 230 of the many-faceted nuggets, and there are about 1,600 nuggets in total. The necklace weighs about 250 grams in total, and is presently held in a private collection in India.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Mohenjo-daro_ruler">The Mohenjo-daro ruler</h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Ruler"></span> The Indus Valley civilisation employed <a href="/wiki/Ruler" title="Ruler">rulers</a> made of <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> for measuring length circa 1500 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitelaw14_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitelaw14-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mohenjo-Daro ruler is divided into units corresponding to 34 millimetres (1.32 in) and these are further marked in decimal subdivisions with great accuracy, to within 0.13 mm (0.005 in). A ruler found at <a href="/wiki/Lothal" title="Lothal">Lothal</a> (2400 BCE) is calibrated to about <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1.6 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in).<sup id="cite_ref-Whitelaw14_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitelaw14-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decimal subdivision on the ruler is noteworthy, as it predates the modern metric system by 3000 years or more. The base unit used was known as the <i>angula</i> (finger) and is about 17 mm. A piece of shell found in Mackay's excavation is very precisely incised with lines spaced 6.7 mm (0.264 in) apart. Ancient bricks found throughout the region have dimensions that correspond to these units.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation_and_current_state">Conservation and current state</h2></div> <p>An initial agreement to fund restoration was agreed through the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Educational,_Scientific,_and_Cultural_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization">United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization</a> (UNESCO) in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> on 27 May 1980. Contributions were made by a number of other countries to the project: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Contribution <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td>$62,650.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></td> <td>$3,000.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></td> <td>$1,000.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td>$63,889.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>$375,939.85 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>$49,494.95 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td>$9,781.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>$200,000.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></td> <td>$3,000.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></td> <td>$275.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></td> <td>$2,072.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td> <td>$8,130.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></td> <td>$58,993.63 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></td> <td>$1,562.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/60px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></td> <td>$1,000.00 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghanghro_location_-_Mohenjo-daro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ghanghro_location_-_Mohenjo-daro.jpg/250px-Ghanghro_location_-_Mohenjo-daro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ghanghro_location_-_Mohenjo-daro.jpg/330px-Ghanghro_location_-_Mohenjo-daro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Ghanghro_location_-_Mohenjo-daro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption>Surviving structures at Mohenjo-daro, 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>Preservation work for Mohenjo-daro was suspended in December 1996 after funding from the Pakistani government and international organizations stopped. Site conservation work resumed in April 1997, using funds made available by the UNESCO. The 20-year funding plan provided $10 million to protect the site and standing structures from <a href="/wiki/Flooding" class="mw-redirect" title="Flooding">flooding</a>. In 2011, responsibility for the preservation of the site was transferred to the government of Sindh.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently the site is threatened by groundwater <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a> and improper restoration. Many walls have already collapsed, while others are crumbling from the ground up. In 2012, Pakistani archaeologists warned that, without improved conservation measures, the site could disappear by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCLostMaybe_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCLostMaybe-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014_Sindh_Festival">2014 Sindh Festival</h3></div> <p>The Mohenjo-daro site was further threatened in January 2014, when <a href="/wiki/Bilawal_Bhutto_Zardari" title="Bilawal Bhutto Zardari">Bilawal Bhutto Zardari</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_People%27s_Party" title="Pakistan People's Party">Pakistan People's Party</a> chose the site for Sindh Festival's inauguration ceremony. This would have exposed the site to mechanical operations, including excavation and drilling. Farzand Masih, head of the Department of Archaeology at <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">Punjab University</a> warned that such activity was banned under the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiquity_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antiquity Act (page does not exist)">Antiquity Act</a>, saying "You cannot even hammer a nail at an archaeological site." On 31 January 2014, a case was filed in the <a href="/wiki/Sindh_High_Court" title="Sindh High Court">Sindh High Court</a> to bar the Sindh government from continuing with the event.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The festival was held by PPP at the historic site, despite all the protest by both national and international historians and educators. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2></div> <p>Mohenjo-daro has a <a href="/wiki/Hot_desert_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot desert climate">hot desert climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>BWh</i>) with extremely hot summers and mild winters. The highest recorded temperature is 53.7 °C (128.7 °F), recorded in May 2010 and the lowest recorded temperature is −5.4 °C (22.3 °F), recorded in January 2006. Rainfall is low, and mainly occurs in the monsoon season (July–September). The average annual rainfall of Mohenjo-daro is 100.1 mm and mainly occurs in the monsoon season. The highest annual rainfall ever is 1023.8 mm, recorded in 2022, and the lowest annual rainfall ever is 10 mm, recorded in 1987. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Mohenjo-daro </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td> <td style="background: #C70000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.5<br />(113.9) </td> <td style="background: #9E0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.5<br />(119.3) </td> <td style="background: #560000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53.7<br />(128.7) </td> <td style="background: #720000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51.7<br />(125.1) </td> <td style="background: #AA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.6<br />(117.7) </td> <td style="background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.0<br />(114.8) </td> <td style="background: #E30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.5<br />(110.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.5<br />(106.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.2<br />(102.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #560000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">53.7<br />(128.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(101.7) </td> <td style="background: #D10000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.8<br />(112.6) </td> <td style="background: #CB0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.2<br />(113.4) </td> <td style="background: #F90000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.9<br />(107.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(101.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5<br />(99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.4<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0<br />(30.2) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−5.4<br />(22.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(0.10) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(0.23) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(0.13) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(0.11) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(0.09) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(0.10) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.9<br />(1.57) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(1.05) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(0.26) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(0.02) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(0.04) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">100.1<br />(3.95) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: PMD (1991–2020)<sup id="cite_ref-PMD_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMD-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Pakistan" title="List of forts in Pakistan">List of forts in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indus_Valley_Civilisation_sites" title="List of Indus Valley Civilisation sites">List of Indus Valley Civilisation sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Pakistan" title="List of museums in Pakistan">List of museums in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite 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Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 10–11, 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harappa.com/mohenjo-daro/mohenjodaroessay.html">"Mohenjo-daro An Ancient Indus Valley Metropolis"</a>. <i>www.harappa.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.harappa.com&rft.atitle=Mohenjo-daro+An+Ancient+Indus+Valley+Metropolis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.harappa.com%2Fmohenjo-daro%2Fmohenjodaroessay.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Lower Indus" refers to the portion of the river below its confluence with <a href="/wiki/Panjnad_River" title="Panjnad River">Panjnad</a>, the combined river of all its five tributaries flowing through the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoach" class="citation magazine cs1">Roach, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101030000627/http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/archaeology/mohenjo-daro/">"Lost City of Mohenjo Daro"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)">National Geographic</a></i>. 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Krieger; Phillip C. Naylor; Dahia Ibo Shabaka (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mcdougallittellw00beck"><i>World History: Patterns of Interaction</i></a></span>. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-87274-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-87274-1"><bdi>978-0-395-87274-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+History%3A+Patterns+of+Interaction&rft.place=Evanston%2C+IL&rft.pub=McDougal+Littell&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-395-87274-1&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Roger+B.&rft.au=Linda+Black&rft.au=Larry+S.+Krieger&rft.au=Phillip+C.+Naylor&rft.au=Dahia+Ibo+Shabaka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmcdougallittellw00beck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A H Dani (1992). "Critical Assessment of Recent Evidence on Mohenjo-daro". 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AltaMira. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0172-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0172-2"><bdi>978-0-7591-0172-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indus+Civilization%3A+A+Contemporary+Perspective&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=AltaMira&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7591-0172-2&rft.aulast=Possehl&rft.aufirst=Gregory+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpmAuAsi4ePIC%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJ._GailMevissenZehmke1991" class="citation book cs1">J. Gail, Adalbert; Mevissen, Gerd J. R.; Zehmke, Britta, eds. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tPdtAAAAMAAJ&q=f.+a.+khan+1950+mohenjo+daro"><i>South Asian Archæology 1991 : proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference of the Association of South Asian Archæologists in Western Europe, held in Berlin, 1-5 July 1991</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franz_Steiner_Verlag" title="Franz Steiner Verlag">Franz Steiner Verlag</a> (published 1993). p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3515061460" title="Special:BookSources/3515061460"><bdi>3515061460</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/30492417">30492417</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Asian+Arch%C3%A6ology+1991+%3A+proceedings+of+the+Eleventh+International+Conference+of+the+Association+of+South+Asian+Arch%C3%A6ologists+in+Western+Europe%2C+held+in+Berlin%2C+1-5+July+1991&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F30492417&rft.isbn=3515061460&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtPdtAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Df.%2Ba.%2Bkhan%2B1950%2Bmohenjo%2Bdaro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1219508">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Findings show Moenjodaro was larger than unearthed ruins'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 14 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Findings+show+Moenjodaro+was+larger+than+unearthed+ruins%27&rft.date=2015-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1219508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mohan Pant and Shjui Fumo, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jaabe/4/1/4_1_51/_pdf">The Grid and Modular Measures in The Town Planning of Mohenjodaro and Kathmandu Valley: A Study on Modular Measures in Block and Plot Divisions in the Planning of Mohenjodaro and Sirkap (Pakistan), and Thimi (Kathmandu Valley)</a>"; <i>Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineerng</i> 59, May 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T.S. SUBRAMANIAN, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontline.in/arts-and-culture/heritage/harappan-surprises/article6032206.ece?homepage=true"><i>Harappan surprises.</i></a> 13 June 2014 – www.frontline.in</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Clark (editor), <i>The Oxford Handbook of Cities in World History</i>, Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. 158–59; "since it is impossible to ascertain what proportion of the city was used for habitation the basis for this [population] estimate is weak." For lower area estimate of 85 hectares, see note 25, citing U. Singh, <i>A History of Ancient and Medieval India,</i> Delhi, Pearson Education, 2008, p. 149. See also FR Alchin and G Erdosy, The Archaeology of Early Historic Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States, Cambridge University Press, 1995, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McIntosh389-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McIntosh389_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McIntosh389_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McIntosh (2008), p. 389. "The enormous amount of labor involved in the creation of Mohenjo-daro's flood defense platforms (calculated at around 4 million man-days) indicates the existence of an authority able to plan the construction and to mobilize and feed the requisite labor force."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McIntosh (2008), p. 118. "More than seven hundred wells were sunk at Mohenjo-daro when the city was built. Over the centuries houses were rebuilt and street levels rose; new courses of bricks were therefore added to the wells to keep their tops at the same height with respect to the street. The removal of earth and debris during the excavation of the city has left many wells standing like towers high above the exposed remnants of earlier streets."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWright2010" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Rita P. (2010). <i>The ancient Indus : urbanism, economy, and society</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 235. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57652-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57652-9"><bdi>978-0-521-57652-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+ancient+Indus+%3A+urbanism%2C+economy%2C+and+society&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-57652-9&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Rita+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWright2010" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Rita P. (2010). <i>The ancient Indus : urbanism, economy, and society</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57652-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57652-9"><bdi>978-0-521-57652-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+ancient+Indus+%3A+urbanism%2C+economy%2C+and+society&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-57652-9&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Rita+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJansen1989" class="citation journal cs1">Jansen, M. (October 1989). "Water Supply and Sewage Disposal at Mohenjo-Daro". <i>World Archaeology</i>. <b>21</b> (2): 180. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00438243.1989.9980100">10.1080/00438243.1989.9980100</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/124907">124907</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16470995">16470995</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Water+Supply+and+Sewage+Disposal+at+Mohenjo-Daro&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=180&rft.date=1989-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16470995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F124907%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00438243.1989.9980100&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJansen1989" class="citation journal cs1">Jansen, M. (October 1989). "Water Supply and Sewage Disposal at Mohenjo-Daro". <i>World Archaeology</i>. <b>21</b> (2): 182. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00438243.1989.9980100">10.1080/00438243.1989.9980100</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/124907">124907</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16470995">16470995</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Water+Supply+and+Sewage+Disposal+at+Mohenjo-Daro&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=182&rft.date=1989-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16470995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F124907%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00438243.1989.9980100&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJansen1989" class="citation journal cs1">Jansen, M. 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"Water Supply and Sewage Disposal at Mohenjo-Daro". <i>World Archaeology</i>. <b>21</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">177–</span>192. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00438243.1989.9980100">10.1080/00438243.1989.9980100</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/124907">124907</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16470995">16470995</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Water+Supply+and+Sewage+Disposal+at+Mohenjo-Daro&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E177-%3C%2Fspan%3E192&rft.date=1989-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16470995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F124907%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00438243.1989.9980100&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRatnagar2014" class="citation journal cs1">Ratnagar, Shereen (2014). "The drainage systems at MohenjoDaro and Nausharo: A technological breakthrough or a stinking disaster?". <i>Studies in People's History</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2348448914537334">10.1177/2348448914537334</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:131145647">131145647</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+People%27s+History&rft.atitle=The+drainage+systems+at+MohenjoDaro+and+Nausharo%3A+A+technological+breakthrough+or+a+stinking+disaster%3F&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F2348448914537334&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A131145647%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ratnagar&rft.aufirst=Shereen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dales-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dales_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/George_F._Dales" title="George F. Dales">George F. Dales</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/civilization-and-floods-in-the-indus-valley/">Civilization and Floods in the Indus Valley</a>", <i>Expedition Magazine</i>, July 1965.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPossehl1967" class="citation journal cs1">Possehl, Gregory (February 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Faa.1967.69.1.02a00040">"The Mohenjo-daro Floods: A Reply"</a>. <i>American Anthropologist</i>. <b>69</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">32–</span>40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Faa.1967.69.1.02a00040">10.1525/aa.1967.69.1.02a00040</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/670484">670484</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Anthropologist&rft.atitle=The+Mohenjo-daro+Floods%3A+A+Reply&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E32-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rft.date=1967-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Faa.1967.69.1.02a00040&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F670484%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Possehl&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1525%252Faa.1967.69.1.02a00040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPossehl1967" class="citation journal cs1">Possehl, Gregory (February 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Faa.1967.69.1.02a00040">"The Mohenjo-daro Floods: A Reply"</a>. <i>American Anthropologist</i>. <b>69</b> (1): 38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Faa.1967.69.1.02a00040">10.1525/aa.1967.69.1.02a00040</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/670484">670484</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Anthropologist&rft.atitle=The+Mohenjo-daro+Floods%3A+A+Reply&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=38&rft.date=1967-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Faa.1967.69.1.02a00040&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F670484%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Possehl&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1525%252Faa.1967.69.1.02a00040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMathew2017" class="citation book cs1">Mathew, K. S. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u0IwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT32"><i>Shipbuilding, Navigation and the Portuguese in Pre-modern India</i></a>. Routledge. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-58833-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-58833-1"><bdi>978-1-351-58833-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shipbuilding%2C+Navigation+and+the+Portuguese+in+Pre-modern+India&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-351-58833-1&rft.aulast=Mathew&rft.aufirst=K.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du0IwDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archaeologyonline.net/artifacts/photo-gallery-2.html">Mohenjo-daro Tools and Artifacts Photo Gallery</a>. <i>Archaeology Online</i>; retrieved 8 April 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcIntosh2002" class="citation book cs1">McIntosh, Jane R. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peacefulrealmri00mcin/page/68"><i>A Peaceful Realm: The Rise and Fall of the Indus Civilization</i></a>. Cambridge: Westview Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peacefulrealmri00mcin/page/68">68</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3532-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3532-2"><bdi>978-0-8133-3532-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Peaceful+Realm%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Indus+Civilization&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-3532-2&rft.aulast=McIntosh&rft.aufirst=Jane+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpeacefulrealmri00mcin%2Fpage%2F68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcIntosh2002" class="citation book cs1">McIntosh, Jane R. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peacefulrealmri00mcin/page/69"><i>A Peaceful Realm: The Rise and Fall of the Indus Civilization</i></a>. Cambridge: Westview Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peacefulrealmri00mcin/page/69">69</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3532-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3532-2"><bdi>978-0-8133-3532-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Peaceful+Realm%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Indus+Civilization&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-3532-2&rft.aulast=McIntosh&rft.aufirst=Jane+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpeacefulrealmri00mcin%2Fpage%2F69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParpola2008" class="citation journal cs1">Parpola, Asko (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/36019850">"Copper Tablets from Mohenjo-daro and the Study of the Indus Script"</a>. <i>BAR International Series</i> (1826): 132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BAR+International+Series&rft.atitle=Copper+Tablets+from+Mohenjo-daro+and+the+Study+of+the+Indus+Script&rft.issue=1826&rft.pages=132&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Parpola&rft.aufirst=Asko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F36019850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParpola2008" class="citation journal cs1">Parpola, Asko (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/36019850">"Copper Tablets from Mohenjo-daro and the Study of the Indus Script"</a>. <i>BAR International Series</i> (1826): 133.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BAR+International+Series&rft.atitle=Copper+Tablets+from+Mohenjo-daro+and+the+Study+of+the+Indus+Script&rft.issue=1826&rft.pages=133&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Parpola&rft.aufirst=Asko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F36019850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAiyappan1939" class="citation journal cs1">Aiyappan, Ayinapalli (May 1939). "Pottery Braziers of Mohenjo-Daro". <i>Man</i>. <b>39</b> (65): <span class="nowrap">71–</span>72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2792750">10.2307/2792750</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2792750">2792750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Man&rft.atitle=Pottery+Braziers+of+Mohenjo-Daro&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=65&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E72&rft.date=1939-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2792750&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2792750%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Aiyappan&rft.aufirst=Ayinapalli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Singh (2015), 111-112 (112 quoted)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Example: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_1947-0416-1">"stamp-seal"</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_42-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_42-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRatnagar2016" class="citation journal cs1">Ratnagar, Shereen (24 November 2016). "A critical view of Marshall's Mother Goddess at Mohenjo-Daro". <i>Studies in People's History</i>. <b>3</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">113–</span>127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2348448916665714">10.1177/2348448916665714</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191808666">191808666</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+People%27s+History&rft.atitle=A+critical+view+of+Marshall%27s+Mother+Goddess+at+Mohenjo-Daro&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E113-%3C%2Fspan%3E127&rft.date=2016-11-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F2348448916665714&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191808666%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ratnagar&rft.aufirst=Shereen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-national-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-national_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-national_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-national_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalmuseumindia.gov.in/prodCollections.asp?pid=44&id=1&lk=dp1">"Collections:Pre-History & Archaeology"</a>. National Museum, New Delhi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collections%3APre-History+%26+Archaeology&rft.pub=National+Museum%2C+New+Delhi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnationalmuseumindia.gov.in%2FprodCollections.asp%3Fpid%3D44%26id%3D1%26lk%3Ddp1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPossehl2002" class="citation book cs1">Possehl, Gregory (2002). <i>The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective</i>. AltaMira Press. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0172-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0172-2"><bdi>978-0-7591-0172-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indus+Civilization%3A+A+Contemporary+Perspective&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=AltaMira+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7591-0172-2&rft.aulast=Possehl&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harappa.com/indus/41.html">"Priest King, Mohenjo-daro"</a>. <i>Glimpses of South Asia before 1947</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Global Heritage Fund blog article; accessed 8 February 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1083787/bilawals-cultural-coup-threatens-ancient-ruins">"Bilawal's 'cultural coup' threatens ancient ruins"</a>. <i>AFP</i>. Daily Dawn. 30 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AFP&rft.atitle=Bilawal%27s+%27cultural+coup%27+threatens+ancient+ruins&rft.date=2014-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1083787%2Fbilawals-cultural-coup-threatens-ancient-ruins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSahoutara2014" class="citation web cs1">Sahoutara, Naeem (30 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/665564/preserving-heritage-court-instructs-to-take-utmost-care-in-holding-festival-at-moen-jo-daro">"Preserving heritage: Court instructs to take 'utmost' care in holding festival at Moen Jo Daro"</a>. <i>The Express Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&rft.atitle=Preserving+heritage%3A+Court+instructs+to+take+%27utmost%27+care+in+holding+festival+at+Moen+Jo+Daro&rft.date=2014-01-30&rft.aulast=Sahoutara&rft.aufirst=Naeem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F665564%2Fpreserving-heritage-court-instructs-to-take-utmost-care-in-holding-festival-at-moen-jo-daro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PMD-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PMD_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ffd.pmd.gov.pk/cp/ffd.php">"Flood Forecasting Division Lahore"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flood+Forecasting+Division+Lahore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fffd.pmd.gov.pk%2Fcp%2Fffd.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohenjo-daro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <ul><li>Chaudhury, N. C. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.104144">Mohenjo-Daro and the Civilization of Ancient India with References to Agriculture</a></i>. Calcutta: W. Newman & Co, 1937.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Mackay" title="Dorothy Mackay">Mackay, D.</a> (1929). <i>Mohenjo-daro</i>. Bombay: Indian State Railways Publicity Department</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_J._H._Mackay" title="Ernest J. H. Mackay">Mackay, E. J. H.</a>, ed. (1937). <i>Further Excavations At Mohenjo-daro: Being an official account of Archaeological Excavations at Mohenjo-Daro carried out by the Government of India between the years 1927 and 1931</i>. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70071">Volume I</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62019">Volume II</a></li></ul></li> <li>Marshall, John Hubert, ed. (1931). <i>Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Civilization: Being an official account of Archaeological Excavations at Mohenjo-Daro carried out by the Government of India between the years 1922 and 1927</i>. Arthur Probsthain <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.722">Volume I</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.96024">Volume II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.107530">Volume III</a></li></ul></li> <li>McIntosh, Jane (2008). <i>The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives</i>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-907-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-907-2">978-1-57607-907-2</a></li> <li>Singh, Kavita, "The Museum Is National", Chapter 4 in: Mathur, Saloni and Singh, Kavita (eds), <i>No Touching, No Spitting, No Praying: The Museum in South Asia</i>, 2015, Routledge, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/12710849/The_Museum_is_National">PDF on academia.edu</a> (nb this is different to the article by the same author with the same title in <i>India International Centre Quarterly</i>, vol. 29, no. 3/4, 2002, pp. 176–196, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23005825">JSTOR</a>, which does not mention this work)</li> <li>Whitelaw, Ian (2007). <i>A Measure of All Things: The Story of Man and Measurement</i>. Macmillan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-37026-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-37026-1">0-312-37026-1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/938084552">938084552</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Amri_culture" title="Amri culture">Amri culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bara_culture" title="Bara culture">Bara culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemetery_H_culture" title="Cemetery H culture">Cemetery H culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus%E2%80%93Mesopotamia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus–Mesopotamia relations">Indus–Mesopotamia relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Art and architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dancing_Girl_(prehistoric_sculpture)" title="Dancing Girl (prehistoric sculpture)"><i>Dancing Girl</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupati_seal" title="Pashupati seal">Pashupati seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest-King_(sculpture)" title="Priest-King (sculpture)"><i>Priest-king</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harappan_architecture" title="Harappan architecture">Harappan architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilisation">Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bath,_Mohenjo-daro" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro">Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inventions_and_discoveries_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilisation">Inventions of the Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Language and script</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harappan_language" title="Harappan language">Harappan language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_script" title="Indus script">Indus script</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Indus Valley sites in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larkana" title="Larkana">Larkana</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mohenjo-daro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nausharo" title="Nausharo">Nausharo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanhudaro" title="Chanhudaro">Chanhudaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganweriwal" title="Ganweriwal">Ganweriwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakhueen-jo-daro" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakhueen-jo-daro">Lakhueen-jo-daro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirak" title="Pirak">Pirak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kot_Bala" title="Kot Bala">Kot Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kot_Diji" title="Kot Diji">Kot Diji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehman_Dheri" title="Rehman Dheri">Rehman Dheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amri_(Pre-Harappa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amri (Pre-Harappa)">Amri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutkagan_Dor" title="Sutkagan Dor">Sutkagan Dor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokhta_Koh" title="Sokhta Koh">Sokhta Koh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharro_Hills" title="Tharro Hills">Tharro Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Shah_Jurio" title="Pir Shah Jurio">Pir Shah Jurio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahdino" title="Allahdino">Allahdino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balakot" title="Balakot">Balakot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganeriwala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganeriwala">Ganeriwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nindowari" title="Nindowari">Nindowari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeir-jo-daro" title="Judeir-jo-daro">Judeir-jo-daro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabarkot" title="Dabarkot">Dabarkot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Indus Valley sites in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dholavira" title="Dholavira">Dholavira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gola_Dhoro" title="Gola Dhoro">Gola Dhoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothal" title="Lothal">Lothal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagatrav" title="Bhagatrav">Bhagatrav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpur,_Gujarat" title="Rangpur, Gujarat">Rangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jognakhera" title="Jognakhera">Jognakhera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surkotada" title="Surkotada">Surkotada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalibangan" title="Kalibangan">Kalibangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda,_Jammu" title="Manda, Jammu">Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamgirpur" title="Alamgirpur">Alamgirpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimabad" title="Daimabad">Daimabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwan" title="Malwan">Malwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunal,_Haryana" title="Kunal, Haryana">Kunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakhigarhi" title="Rakhigarhi">Rakhigarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupnagar" title="Rupnagar">Rupnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupar">Rupar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulas" title="Hulas">Hulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanmer" title="Kanmer">Kanmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriyo_timbo" title="Oriyo timbo">Oriyo timbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dher_Majra" title="Dher Majra">Dher Majra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohari_Ragho" title="Lohari Ragho">Lohari Ragho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuntasi" title="Kuntasi">Kuntasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loteshwar" title="Loteshwar">Loteshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandi,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Mandi, Uttar Pradesh">Mandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmana" title="Farmana">Farmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganeshwar_Civilzation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganeshwar Civilzation">Ganeshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sothi_(archaeology)" title="Sothi (archaeology)">Sothi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siswal" title="Siswal">Siswal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanauli" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanauli">Sanauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanghol" title="Sanghol">Sanghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabumath" title="Pabumath">Pabumath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagwada" title="Nagwada">Nagwada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babar_Kot" title="Babar Kot">Babar Kot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balu,_Haryana" class="mw-redirect" title="Balu, Haryana">Balu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bara,_Punjab" title="Bara, Punjab">Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargaon_(archaeological_site)" title="Bargaon (archaeological site)">Bargaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwanpura,_Haryana" title="Bhagwanpura, Haryana">Bhagwanpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhirrana" title="Bhirrana">Bhirrana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banawali" title="Banawali">Banawali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojdi" title="Rojdi">Rojdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotla_Nihang_Khan" title="Kotla Nihang Khan">Kotla Nihang Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala-no-dhoro" title="Kerala-no-dhoro">Kerala-no-dhoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitathal" title="Mitathal">Mitathal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desalpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Desalpur">Desalpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Indus Valley sites in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mundigak" title="Mundigak">Mundigak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortugai" title="Shortugai">Shortugai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha">Meluhha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochre_Coloured_Pottery_culture" title="Ochre Coloured Pottery culture">Ochre Coloured Pottery culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Black_Polished_Ware" title="Northern Black Polished Ware">Northern Black Polished Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painted_Grey_Ware_culture" title="Painted Grey Ware culture">Painted Grey Ware culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pakistan_topics467" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistan_topics" title="Template:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan_topics" title="Template talk:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pakistan_topics467" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Pakistan" title="Outline of Pakistan">topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History467" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age" title="South Asian Stone Age">Stone age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soanian" title="Soanian">Soanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranians" title="Indo-Iranians">Indo-Iranics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Indo-Aryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">Indo-Scythians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushano-Sasanian_Kingdom" title="Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom">Indo-Sassanid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">Indo-Hephthalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambojas" title="Kambojas">Kambojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_dynasty" title="Rai dynasty">Rai dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaulukya_dynasty" title="Chaulukya dynasty">Solanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Qasim" title="Muhammad ibn al-Qasim">Muhammad ibn al-Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_dynasty" title="Sayyid dynasty">Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty" title="Lodi dynasty">Lodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Pre-colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misl" class="mw-redirect" title="Misl">Sikh Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Raj" title="History of the British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Movement" title="Aligarh Movement">Aligarh Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi%E2%80%93Urdu_controversy" title="Hindi–Urdu controversy">Hindi–Urdu controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-nation theory (Pakistan)">Two nation theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Jinnah's 14 Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Dominion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Monarchy of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_states_of_Pakistan" title="Princely states of Pakistan">Princely states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">1947 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaquat%E2%80%93Nehru_Pact" title="Liaquat–Nehru Pact">Liaquat–Nehru Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Pact">Baghdad Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Pakistan (1947–present)">1947–present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty" title="Indus Waters Treaty">Indus Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1971)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1971)">1971 Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">1971 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project-706" title="Project-706">Project-706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_in_Pakistan" title="Islamization in Pakistan">Islamisation</a></li> <li>Insurgencies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Balochistan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Pakistani coup d'état">Liberalization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography467" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Pakistan" title="List of beaches in Pakistan">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deserts_of_Pakistan" title="List of deserts of Pakistan">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of Pakistan">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Pakistan" title="List of islands of Pakistan">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Pakistan" title="List of lakes of Pakistan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges_of_Pakistan" title="List of mountain ranges of Pakistan">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes#Pakistan" title="List of mountain passes">Passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Pakistan" title="List of rivers of Pakistan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Pakistan" title="Topography of Pakistan">Topography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_Pakistan" title="List of valleys in Pakistan">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of waterfalls of Pakistan">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_wetland_sites_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ramsar wetland sites in Pakistan">Wetlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwatar_Bay" title="Gwatar Bay">Gwatar Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indus Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Range" title="Salt Range">Salt Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_Basin" title="Sistan Basin">Sistan Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Pakistan" title="Geology of Pakistan">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coal_mines_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Coal mines in Pakistan">Coal fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_gas_fields_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Natural gas fields in Pakistan">Gas fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minerals_of_Pakistan" title="List of minerals of Pakistan">Minerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_fields_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Oil fields of Pakistan">Oil fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Pakistan" title="List of volcanoes in Pakistan">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods_in_Pakistan" title="List of floods in Pakistan">Floods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Pakistan" title="List of ecoregions in Pakistan">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Pakistan" title="Climate change in Pakistan">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Pakistan" title="Environmental issues in Pakistan">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Pakistan" title="Protected areas of Pakistan">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Pakistan" title="List of national parks of Pakistan">national parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_game_reserves_of_Pakistan" title="List of game reserves of Pakistan">game reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_in_Pakistan" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries in Pakistan">sanctuaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Pakistan" title="Wildlife of Pakistan">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Pakistan" title="Flora of Pakistan">flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Pakistan" title="Fauna of Pakistan">fauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_sites_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological sites in Pakistan">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Pakistan" title="Climate of Pakistan">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_weather_records_in_Pakistan" title="List of extreme weather records in Pakistan">weather records</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_in_Pakistan" title="List of natural disasters in Pakistan">Natural disasters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Pakistan" title="List of earthquakes in Pakistan">earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods#Pakistan" title="List of floods">floods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Subdivisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan" title="Districts of Pakistan">districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Pakistan">cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Governance467" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Governance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Pakistan)" title="National Security Council (Pakistan)">National Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_National_Security_(Pakistan)" title="Cabinet Committee on National Security (Pakistan)">C<sup>2</sup>NS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Command_Authority_(Pakistan)" title="National Command Authority (Pakistan)">NCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">National government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Pakistan" title="Cabinet of Pakistan">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_governments_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial governments of Pakistan">Provincial governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani governors">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_chief_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani chief ministers">Chief Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Pakistan" title="Local government in Pakistan">Local government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Pakistan" title="Union councils of Pakistan">Union councils</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<i>Majlis-e-Shoora</i>)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate <span style="font-size: 85%;">(upper house)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">Chairman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly <span style="font-size: 85%;">(lower house)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan">Speaker</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Provincial_Assemblies_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Provincial Assemblies of Pakistan">Provincial assemblies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Pakistan" title="Judiciary of Pakistan">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Judicial_Council_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan">Supreme Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Shariat_Court" title="Federal Shariat Court">Federal Shariat Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Pakistan">High Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of Pakistan">District Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Pakistan" title="Military coups in Pakistan">Martial law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Pakistan" title="Law of Pakistan">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Framework_Order,_2002" title="Legal Framework Order, 2002">LFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Penal_Code" title="Pakistan Penal Code">PPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Bill" title="Women's Protection Bill">WPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Constitutional_Order" title="Provisional Constitutional Order">PCO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearances_in_Pakistan" title="Enforced disappearances in Pakistan">Enforced disappearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_Department_(Pakistan)" title="Counter Terrorism Department (Pakistan)">Counter Terrorism Department (CTD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Intelligence_community" title="Pakistani Intelligence community">Pakistani Intelligence community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Pakistan" title="Capital punishment in Pakistan">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan" title="Terrorism in Pakistan">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Military history of Pakistan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Marines" title="Pakistan Marines">Marines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Air force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Armed_Forces" title="Civil Armed Forces">Civil Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy467" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Pakistan" title="Electricity sector in Pakistan">Electricity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Thermal" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Hydroelectricity" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Pakistan" title="Nuclear power in Pakistan">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Pakistan" title="Solar power in Pakistan">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Pakistan" title="Wind power in Pakistan">Wind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Pakistan" title="Foreign aid to Pakistan">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Petroleum industry in Pakistan">Fuel extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Pakistan" title="Housing in Pakistan">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(Pakistan)" title="Planning Commission (Pakistan)">Planning Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Post" title="Pakistan Post">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Pakistan" title="Poverty in Pakistan">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pakistan" title="List of tallest buildings in Pakistan">Tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Pakistan" title="Telecommunications in Pakistan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Pakistan" title="Transport in Pakistan">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Pakistan" title="List of bridges in Pakistan">Bridges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_Pakistan" title="Water resources management in Pakistan">Water management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Pakistan" title="Water supply and sanitation in Pakistan">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Pakistan" title="Industry of Pakistan">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Aeronautical_Complex" title="Pakistan Aeronautical Complex">Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pakistan" title="Agriculture in Pakistan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_Pakistan" title="Defence industry of Pakistan">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Automotive industry in Pakistan">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Pakistan">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_Pakistan" title="Animal husbandry in Pakistan">Husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_in_Pakistan" title="Labour in Pakistan">Labour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Pakistan" title="Child labour in Pakistan">Child</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Pakistan" title="Mining in Pakistan">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Textile industry in Pakistan">Textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Silk in the Indian subcontinent">Silk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Pakistan" title="Tourism in Pakistan">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Pakistan" title="Banking in Pakistan">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Pakistan" title="List of banks in Pakistan">Banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Pakistan" title="List of companies of Pakistan">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Investment_(Pakistan)" title="Board of Investment (Pakistan)">Investment board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Rupee <span style="font-size: 85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_%26_Exchange_Commission_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan">Securities & Exchange Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">Stock markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trading_Corporation_of_Pakistan" title="Trading Corporation of Pakistan">Trading Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policy programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_sector_of_Pakistan" title="Corporate sector of Pakistan">Corporatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Directive investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan#Economy" title="Pakistan">Industrialisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauji_Foundation" title="Fauji Foundation">Military economisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalisation_in_Pakistan" title="Nationalisation in Pakistan">Nationalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatisation_in_Pakistan" title="Privatisation in Pakistan">Privatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yousaf_Raza_Gillani#Financial_and_economic_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousaf Raza Gillani">Public-private partnering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics_in_the_world#Contemporary_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic economics in the world">Redundant Islamic economisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society_and_Culture467" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Pakistan">Society and Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Society of Pakistan">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurat_March" title="Aurat March">Aurat March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_heritage_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="British heritage of Pakistan">British heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Pakistan" title="Crime in Pakistan">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Pakistan" title="Culture of Pakistan">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Pakistan" title="Divorce in Pakistan">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan" title="Education in Pakistan">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_educational_institutions_in_Pakistan" title="Lists of educational institutions in Pakistan">Institutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Pakistan" title="Feminism in Pakistan">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Gender discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Pakistan" title="Healthcare in Pakistan">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Pakistan" title="List of hospitals in Pakistan">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me_Too_movement_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Me Too movement (Pakistan)">Me Too</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Naming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistanis" title="List of Pakistanis">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Pakistan" title="Prostitution in Pakistan">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Pakistan" title="Time in Pakistan">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanisation_in_Pakistan" title="Urbanisation in Pakistan">Urbanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan" title="Demographics of Pakistan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Pakistani">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Pakistan" title="Ethnic groups in Pakistan">Ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Pakistan" title="Immigration to Pakistan">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Languages of Pakistan">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Pakistan" title="Youth in Pakistan">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_architecture" title="Pakistani architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Pakistani_films" title="Lists of Pakistani films">Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Dance in Pakistan">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Pakistan" title="List of festivals in Pakistan">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_folklore" title="Pakistani folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_literature" title="Pakistani literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mushaira" title="Mushaira">Mushaira</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Pakistan" title="Music of Pakistan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_philosophy" title="Pakistani philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles of Pakistan">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Pakistan" title="Theatre of Pakistan">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lifestyle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_clothing" title="Pakistani clothing">Clothing</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">Shalwar kameez</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mehndi" title="Mehndi">Mehndi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Pakistan" title="Etiquette in Pakistan">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_Pakistan" title="Gun law in Pakistan">Gun culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_flags" title="List of Pakistani flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Pakistan" title="Public holidays in Pakistan">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Pakistan" title="List of songs about Pakistan">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">Symbols</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Pakistan" title="Sport in Pakistan">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Athletics_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Athletics in Pakistan">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baseball_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Baseball in Pakistan">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boxing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Boxing in Pakistan">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_Pakistan" title="Cricket in Pakistan">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cycle_racing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Cycle racing in Pakistan">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Hockey_Federation" title="Pakistan Hockey Federation">Field hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Pakistan" title="Football in Pakistan">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillidanda" title="Gillidanda">Gillidanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Golf_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Golf in Pakistan">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Motorsport_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Motorsport in Pakistan">Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Marathon" title="Lahore Marathon">Marathon (Lahore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Olympics" title="Pakistan at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Paralympics" title="Pakistan at the Paralympics">Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polo_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Polo in Pakistan">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rugby_union_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Rugby union in Pakistan">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_in_Pakistan" title="Squash in Pakistan">Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swimming_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Swimming in Pakistan">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tennis_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Tennis in Pakistan">Tennis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cemeteries_in_Pakistan" title="List of cemeteries in Pakistan">Cemeteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Pakistan" title="List of churches in Pakistan">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Pakistan" title="List of forts in Pakistan">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gurdwaras#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gurdwaras">Gurdwaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Pakistan" title="List of Hindu temples in Pakistan">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Pakistan" title="List of libraries in Pakistan">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mausolea_and_shrines_in_Pakistan" title="List of mausolea and shrines in Pakistan">Mausolea and shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Pakistan" title="List of mosques in Pakistan">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Pakistan" title="List of museums in Pakistan">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of parks and gardens in Pakistan">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stadiums">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Pakistan" title="Outline of Pakistan">Basic topics</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan" title="Category:Pakistan">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan77" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan77" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites in Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ruins of Mohenjo-daro</a></li> <li>Buddhist ruins of <a href="/wiki/Takht-i-Bahi" title="Takht-i-Bahi">Takht-i-Bahi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seri_Bahlol" title="Seri Bahlol">Sahr-i-Bahlol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shalimar_Gardens_(Lahore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shalimar Gardens (Lahore)">Shalamar Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makli_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Makli Hill">Makli Necropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohtas_Fort" title="Rohtas Fort">Rohtas Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila">Taxila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sindh58" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sindh" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Sindh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sindh" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Sindh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sindh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Sindh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sindh58" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World Heritage Sites in Sindh</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heritage sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ruins of Mohenjo-daro</a></li> <li>Buddhist ruins of <a href="/wiki/Gori_Temple,_Nagarparkar" title="Gori Temple, Nagarparkar">Gori Temple, Nagarparkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makli_Necropolis" title="Makli Necropolis">Makli Necropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_heritage_sites_in_Sindh" title="List of cultural heritage sites in Sindh">List of cultural heritage sites in Sindh</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sindh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Sindh"><img alt="Flag of Sindh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Sindh.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sindh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_Sindh.svg/120px-Flag_of_Sindh.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Welterbe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="UNESCO Logo"><img alt="UNESCO Logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Welterbe.svg/60px-Welterbe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Welterbe.svg/90px-Welterbe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Welterbe.svg/120px-Welterbe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tentative sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaukhandi_tombs" title="Chaukhandi tombs">Chaukhandi tombs</a></li> <li>Archaeological Site of <a href="/wiki/Ranikot_Fort" title="Ranikot Fort">Ranikot Fort</a></li> <li>Archaeological Site of <a href="/wiki/Banbhore" title="Banbhore">Banbhore</a></li> <li>Archaeological Site of <a href="/wiki/Kot_Diji_Fort" title="Kot Diji Fort">Kot Diji Fort</a></li> <li>Archaeological Site of <a href="/wiki/Umarkot_Fort" title="Umarkot Fort">Umarkot Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan_Mosque,_Thatta" title="Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta">Shah Jahan Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5725#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata735" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5725#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata735" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5725#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/245046494">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mohendscho Daro"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4207362-5">Germany</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/902113570">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohenjo-daro&oldid=1273078080">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohenjo-daro&oldid=1273078080</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sindh" title="Category:World Heritage Sites in Sindh">World Heritage Sites in Sindh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mohenjo-daro" title="Category:Mohenjo-daro">Mohenjo-daro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Sindh" title="Category:History of Sindh">History of Sindh</a></li><li><a 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