CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>西格蒙德·弗洛伊德 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"1333b148-f3b0-419c-a0f6-9a604d324f4e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"西格蒙德·弗洛伊德","wgTitle":"西格蒙德·弗洛伊德","wgCurRevisionId":85889689,"wgRevisionId":85889689,"wgArticleId":4821,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1英语来源 (en)","CS1美国英语来源 (en-us)","含有德語的條目","含有签名的传记作品","含有hCards的条目","本地相关图片与维基数据不同","含有大英百科全书链接的条目","含有古騰堡計劃連結的條目","包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目","包含ISNI标识符的维基百科条目","包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目","包含WorldCat实体标识符的维基百科条目","包含BIBSYS标识符的维基百科条目", "包含BNC标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNMM标识符的维基百科条目","包含CANTICN标识符的维基百科条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含ICCU标识符的维基百科条目","包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目","包含KANTO标识符的维基百科条目","包含KBR标识符的维基百科条目","包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","包含Libris标识符的维基百科条目","包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目","包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目","包含NLA标识符的维基百科条目","包含NLC标识符的维基百科条目","包含NLG标识符的维基百科条目","包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目","包含NSK标识符的维基百科条目","包含NTA标识符的维基百科条目","包含PLWABN标识符的维基百科条目", "包含PortugalA标识符的维基百科条目","包含VcBA标识符的维基百科条目","包含CINII标识符的维基百科条目","包含Google Scholar标识符的维基百科条目","包含KULTURNAV标识符的维基百科条目","包含MusicBrainz标识符的维基百科条目","包含RKDartists标识符的维基百科条目","包含TePapa标识符的维基百科条目","包含ULAN标识符的维基百科条目","包含DTBIO标识符的维基百科条目","包含Trove标识符的维基百科条目","包含CONOR标识符的维基百科条目","包含SNAC-ID标识符的维基百科条目","包含SUDOC标识符的维基百科条目","1856年出生","1939年逝世","20世纪哲学家","奧地利心理學家","精神分析學家","神經心理學家","思想家","德國共濟會會員","維也納大學校友","捷克猶太人","奧地利猶太人","維也納大學教師","西格蒙德·弗洛伊德","摩拉维亚-西里西亚州人","安樂死逝世者","歌德奖获得者"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"西格蒙德·弗洛伊德","wgRelevantArticleId":4821,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q9215", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.ilhpp","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg/1200px-Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1632"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg/800px-Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1088"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="870"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="西格蒙德·弗洛伊德 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-西格蒙德·弗洛伊德 rootpage-西格蒙德·弗洛伊德 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="主菜单" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 主菜单 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z">首页</a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科">分类索引</a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容">特色内容</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料">新闻动态</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r">最近更改</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x">随机条目</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2">特殊页面</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助">帮助</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做">维基社群</a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引">方针与指引</a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论">互助客栈</a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方">知识问答</a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求">字词转换</a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93">IRC即时聊天</a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科">联络我们</a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介">关于维基百科</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"> 搜索 </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 外观 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class="">资助维基百科</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class="">创建账号</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class="">登录</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 个人工具 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh">资助维基百科</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"> 创建账号</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"> 登录</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息">了解详情</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y">贡献</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 生平 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生平-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关生平子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-早年" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早年"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 早年 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早年-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-成名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#成名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 成名 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-成名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-健康問題" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#健康問題"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 健康問題 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-健康問題-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-逃離" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#逃離"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 逃離 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-逃離-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-去世" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#去世"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 去世 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-去世-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-家族" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#家族"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 家族 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-家族-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-理論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#理論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 理論 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-理論-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关理論子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-理論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-人格" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人格"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 人格 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人格-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-夢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#夢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 夢 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-夢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-潛意識" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#潛意識"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 潛意識 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-潛意識-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-性心理發展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#性心理發展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 性心理發展 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-性心理發展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-女性心理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#女性心理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 女性心理 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-女性心理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生死驅力" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生死驅力"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 生死驅力 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生死驅力-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 宗教 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-遗产" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#遗产"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 遗产 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-遗产-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关遗产子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-遗产-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-科學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#科學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 科學 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-科學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-哲学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#哲学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 哲学 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-哲学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-重要著作" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#重要著作"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 重要著作 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-重要著作-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关重要著作子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-重要著作-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-書籍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#書籍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 書籍 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-書籍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-病例分析" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#病例分析"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 病例分析 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-病例分析-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 参见 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 参考文献 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 外部链接 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关外部链接子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-其它" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其它"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 其它 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其它-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。184种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-184" aria-hidden="true" > 184种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%AE%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%B5" title="ፍሮይድ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፍሮይድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="سيغموند فرويد – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيغموند فرويد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%99%DC%9D%DC%93%DC%A1%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%95_%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%9D%DC%95" title="ܙܝܓܡܘܢܕ ܦܪܘܝܕ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܙܝܓܡܘܢܕ ܦܪܘܝܕ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%DA%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="زيڭموند فرويد – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="زيڭموند فرويد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="سيجموند فرويد – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيجموند فرويد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1" title="চিগ্‌মণ্ড ফ্ৰয়েড – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চিগ্‌মণ্ড ফ্ৰয়েড" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziqmund_Freyd" title="Ziqmund Freyd – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ziqmund Freyd" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="زیقموند فروید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زیقموند فروید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Зигмунд Фрейд – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Зигмунд Фрейд" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%97gmonds_Froids" title="Zėgmonds Froids – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Zėgmonds Froids" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Зігмунд Фрэйд – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зігмунд Фрэйд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Зыгмунд Фройд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Зыгмунд Фройд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmun_Peroid" title="Sigmun Peroid – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Sigmun Peroid" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Зигмунд Фройд – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зигмунд Фройд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1" title="सिगमंड फ्रायड – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सिगमंड फ्रायड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1" title="সিগমুন্ড ফ্রয়েড – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিগমুন্ড ফ্রয়েড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Зигмунд Фройд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Зигмунд Фройд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4,_%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Фрейд, Зигмунд – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Фрейд, Зигмунд" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%8F%E1%8E%A9%E1%8E%B9%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%97_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B6%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%97" title="ᏏᎩᎹᏂᏗ ᎦᎶᎢᏗ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏏᎩᎹᏂᏗ ᎦᎶᎢᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%85%DB%86%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%86%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="زیگمۆند فرۆید – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زیگمۆند فرۆید" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigmund_Freyd" title="Zigmund Freyd – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Zigmund Freyd" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Зигмунд Фрейд – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Зигмунд Фрейд" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A6%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Σίγκμουντ Φρόυντ – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σίγκμουντ Φρόυντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="زیگموند فروید – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیگموند فروید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="弗洛伊德 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="弗洛伊德" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93" title="זיגמונד פרויד – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זיגמונד פרויד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1" title="सिग्मंड फ्रायड – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिग्मंड फ्रायड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4_%D5%96%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A4" title="Զիգմունդ Ֆրոյդ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զիգմունդ Ֆրոյդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A0%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88" title="ジークムント・フロイト – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジークムント・フロイト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/zikmunt._freut." title="zikmunt. freut. – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="zikmunt. freut." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ზიგმუნდ ფროიდი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზიგმუნდ ფროიდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Зигмунд Фрейд – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зигмунд Фрейд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%93" title="ហ្រ្គេតស៊ីងមួន – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ហ្រ្គេតស៊ីងមួន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಸಿಗ್ಮಂಡ್‌ ಫ್ರಾಯ್ಡ್‌ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿಗ್ಮಂಡ್‌ ಫ್ರಾಯ್ಡ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B7%B8%EB%AC%B8%ED%8A%B8_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="지그문트 프로이트 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지그문트 프로이트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigmund_Freud" title="Zigmund Freud – 科米-彼尔米亚克语" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Zigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼尔米亚克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Зигмунд Фрейд – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Зигмунд Фрейд" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigismundus_Freud" title="Sigismundus Freud – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sigismundus Freud" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Зигмунд Фрейд – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Зигмунд Фрейд" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 伦巴第语" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="伦巴第语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigmunds_Freids" title="Zigmunds Freids – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zigmunds Freids" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1" title="सिग्मंड फ्रायड – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सिग्मंड फ्रायड" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B4" title="Зигмунд Фројд – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зигмунд Фројд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="സിഗ്മണ്ട് ഫ്രോയിഡ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിഗ്മണ്ട് ഫ്രോയിഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Зигмунд Фройд – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зигмунд Фройд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="सिग्मुंड फ्रॉइड – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सिग्मुंड फ्रॉइड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%96%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဆစ်ဂမန် ဖရွိုက် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆစ်ဂမန် ဖရွိုက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4,_%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Фрейд, Зигмунд – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Фрейд, Зигмунд" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="زیگموند فروید – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="زیگموند فروید" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1" title="सिग्मुन्ड फ्रायड – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिग्मुन्ड फ्रायड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A1" title="सिग्मंड फ्रायड – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सिग्मंड फ्रायड" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1_%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC" title="ସିଗମଣ୍ଡ ଫ୍ରଏଡ଼ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସିଗମଣ୍ଡ ଫ୍ରଏଡ଼" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4,_%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Фрейд, Зигмунд – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Фрейд, Зигмунд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A1" title="ਸਿਗਮੰਡ ਫ਼ਰਾਇਡ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿਗਮੰਡ ਫ਼ਰਾਇਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 邦阿西南语" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="邦阿西南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%AF%D9%85%D9%86%DA%88_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88" title="سگمنڈ فرائیڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سگمنڈ فرائیڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%90%DA%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%89" title="سېگمونډ فرايډ – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سېگمونډ فرايډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4,_%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Фрейд, Зигмунд – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фрейд, Зигмунд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%96%D2%91%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Зіґмунд Фройд – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Зіґмунд Фройд" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="सिग्मण्ड फ्रोइड – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सिग्मण्ड फ्रोइड" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Зигмунд Фрейд – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Зигмунд Фрейд" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B0" title="ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱢᱩᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱨᱩᱰ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱢᱩᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱨᱩᱰ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%AF%D9%85%D9%86%DA%8A_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%DA%8A" title="سگمنڊ فرائيڊ – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سگمنڊ فرائيڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Fruyd" title="Sigmund Fruyd – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Sigmund Fruyd" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" title="සිග්මන්ඩ් ෆ්‍රොයිඩ් – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සිග්මන්ඩ් ෆ්‍රොයිඩ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B4" title="Зигмунд Фројд – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зигмунд Фројд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si-ke-mung-de.fuo-luo-yi-de%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7.%E4%BD%9B%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="Si-ke-mung-de.fuo-luo-yi-de西格蒙德.佛洛伊德 – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Si-ke-mung-de.fuo-luo-yi-de西格蒙德.佛洛伊德" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="சிக்மண்ட் பிராய்ட் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிக்மண்ட் பிராய்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="సిగ్మండ్ ఫ్రాయిడ్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సిగ్మండ్ ఫ్రాయిడ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Зигмунд Фруйд – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зигмунд Фруйд" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C" title="ซีคมุนท์ ฟร็อยท์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซีคมุนท์ ฟร็อยท์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freyd" title="Sigmund Freyd – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Sigmund Freyd" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigmund_Freyd" title="Zigmund Freyd – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Zigmund Freyd" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%AF_%DB%8B%DB%95_%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B2%D9%84%DB%88%D9%83" title="فروئىد ۋە ئۆزلۈك – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فروئىد ۋە ئۆزلۈك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4" title="Зигмунд Фрейд – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зигмунд Фрейд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%88" title="فرائڈ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرائڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freid_Zigmund" title="Freid Zigmund – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Freid Zigmund" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="西格蒙德·弗洛伊德 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西格蒙德·弗洛伊德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ზიგმუნდ ფროიდი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ზიგმუნდ ფროიდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93" title="זיגמונד פרויד – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זיגמונד פרויד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7_%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B7" title="ⵙⵉⴳⵎⵓⵏⴷ ⴼⵔⵓⵢⴷ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵙⵉⴳⵎⵓⵏⴷ ⴼⵔⵓⵢⴷ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="弗洛伊德 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="弗洛伊德" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sigmund Freud" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%89%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="悉文·佛洛伊德 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="悉文·佛洛伊德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9215#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c">条目</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >不转换 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh" hreflang="zh">不转换</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans">简体</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant">繁體</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN">大陆简体</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK">香港繁體</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO">澳門繁體</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY">大马简体</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG">新加坡简体</a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW">臺灣正體</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7">阅读</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e">编辑</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h">查看历史</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >工具 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7">阅读</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e">编辑</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=history">查看历史</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j">链入页面</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k">相关更改</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u">上传文件</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&oldid=85889689" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接">固定链接</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息">页面信息</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&id=85889689&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息">引用此页</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E8%2592%2599%25E5%25BE%25B7%25C2%25B7%25E5%25BC%2597%25E6%25B4%259B%25E4%25BC%258A%25E5%25BE%25B7">获取短链接</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E8%2592%2599%25E5%25BE%25B7%25C2%25B7%25E5%25BC%2597%25E6%25B4%259B%25E4%25BC%258A%25E5%25BE%25B7">下载二维码</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=show-download-screen">下载为PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p">打印页面</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" hreflang="en">维基共享资源</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-sources mw-list-item"><a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Sigmund_Freud" hreflang="en">多语言维基文库</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" hreflang="zh">维基语录</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9215" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g">维基数据项目</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-8c4321f7" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-8c4321f7" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:俄狄浦斯; zh-hant:伊底帕斯;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a>「弗洛伊德」重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见「<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="弗洛伊德 (消歧义)">弗洛伊德 (消歧义)</a>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德 Sigmund Freud</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Sigmund_Freud,_by_Max_Halberstadt_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg/235px-Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg/353px-Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg/470px-Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1647" data-file-height="2240" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">约1921年<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">西格斯蒙德·施洛莫·弗洛伊德 Sigismund Schlomo Freud (1856-05-06)1856年5月6日 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="奧地利帝國">奥地利帝國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="摩拉維亞的弗萊堡">摩拉維亞的弗萊堡</a> （今 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%97%A5%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%94" title="普日博尔">普日博尔</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1939年9月23日(1939歲—09—23)（83歲） <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6" title="伦敦">伦敦</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="漢普斯特德">漢普斯特德</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">国籍</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA" title="奧地利人">奥地利</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母校</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">维也纳大学（<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%A3%AB" title="醫學士">醫學士</a>，1881年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">知名于</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="精神分析">精神分析</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">配偶</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">玛莎·贝奈斯（1886年成婚，1939年夫故）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">奖项</th><td class="infobox-data note" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E5%BE%B7%E7%8D%8E" title="歌德獎">歌德奖</a>（1930） <a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="皇家学会">皇家学会外籍成员</a><a href="#cite_note-frs-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082">科学生涯</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">研究领域</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="神經學">神經學</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="心理治療">心理治療</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="精神分析">精神分析</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E7%94%B7%E5%A5%B3%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="成功男女混合學校（页面不存在）">成功男女混合學校</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">学术指导者</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%A6%E5%A1%94%E8%AF%BA" title="弗朗兹·布伦塔诺">弗朗兹·布伦塔诺</a> 恩斯特·布吕克 卡尔·克劳斯</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">签名</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/File:FreudSignature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/FreudSignature.svg/150px-FreudSignature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/FreudSignature.svg/225px-FreudSignature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/FreudSignature.svg/300px-FreudSignature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="198" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84913072">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:100%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:精神分析學">系列</a>條目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="精神分析学">精神分析学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Freud%27s_couch,_London,_2004_(2).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Freud%27s_couch%2C_London%2C_2004_%282%29.jpeg/180px-Freud%27s_couch%2C_London%2C_2004_%282%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="180" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Freud%27s_couch%2C_London%2C_2004_%282%29.jpeg/270px-Freud%27s_couch%2C_London%2C_2004_%282%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Freud%27s_couch%2C_London%2C_2004_%282%29.jpeg/360px-Freud%27s_couch%2C_London%2C_2004_%282%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="500" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;">概念與學說</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95" title="性心理發展">性心理發展</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E9%98%B6%E6%AE%B5" title="埃里克森社会心理发展阶段">埃里克森社会心理发展阶段</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" title="潛意識">潛意識</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86" title="前意识">前意识</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86" title="意识">意识</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神/心理結構（页面不存在）">精神/心理結構</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychic_apparatus" class="extiw" title="en:Psychic apparatus">Psychic apparatus</a>） </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%91%E3%80%81%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E4%B8%8E%E8%B6%85%E6%88%91" title="本我、自我与超我">本我、自我与超我</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%86%B2%E5%8A%A8" title="性冲动">力比多</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%85%E5%8B%95%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="驅動理論（页面不存在）">驅動理論</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Drive theory">Drive theory</a>） </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E6%83%85" title="移情">移情</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E7%A7%BB%E6%83%85%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反移情作用（页面不存在）">反移情作用</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countertransference" class="extiw" title="en:Countertransference">Countertransference</a>） </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E9%98%B2%E5%8D%AB%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6" title="心理防卫机制">心理防卫机制</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%97%E6%8B%92%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抗拒心理（页面不存在）">抗拒心理</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_resistance" class="extiw" title="en:Psychological resistance">Psychological resistance</a>） </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E5%B0%84" title="投射">心理投射</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%A6%E8%AA%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="否認（页面不存在）">否認</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denial" class="extiw" title="en:Denial">Denial</a>） </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梦的工作（页面不存在）">梦的工作</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreamwork" class="extiw" title="en:Dreamwork">Dreamwork</a>） </li></ul> </div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;">重要人物</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92" title="阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒">阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迈克尔·巴林特（页面不存在）">迈克尔·巴林特</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Balint" class="extiw" title="en:Michael Balint">Michael Balint</a>） </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E6%98%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威尔弗雷德·比昂（页面不存在）">威尔弗雷德·鲁普莱希特·比昂</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE" title="約瑟夫·布羅伊爾">約瑟夫·布羅伊爾</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E6%9D%9C%E7%BD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南希·乔杜罗（页面不存在）">南希·乔杜罗</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Chodorow" class="extiw" title="en:Nancy Chodorow">Nancy Chodorow</a>） </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E4%B8%81%E6%A0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麦克斯·艾丁根（页面不存在）">麦克斯·艾丁根</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Eitingon" class="extiw" title="en:Max Eitingon">Max Eitingon</a>） </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE" title="爱利克·埃里克森">爱利克·埃里克森</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D%E6%81%A9" title="罗纳德·费尔贝恩">罗纳德·费尔贝恩</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E7%99%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保罗·费登（页面不存在）">保罗·费登</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Federn" class="extiw" title="en:Paul Federn">Paul Federn</a>） </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%E2%80%A2%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%88%87%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥托•费尼切尔（页面不存在）">奥托•费尼切尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Fenichel" class="extiw" title="en:Otto Fenichel">Otto Fenichel</a>） </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E5%80%AB%E9%BD%8A" title="薩德·費倫齊">薩德·費倫齊</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="安娜·弗洛伊德">安娜·弗洛伊德</a> </li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86" title="埃里希·弗罗姆">埃里希·弗罗姆</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%86%88%E7%89%B9%E7%91%9E%E6%99%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈里·冈特瑞普（页面不存在）">哈里·冈特瑞普</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Guntrip" class="extiw" title="en:Harry Guntrip">Harry Guntrip</a>） </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A6%AE" title="卡伦·霍妮">卡伦·霍妮</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E8%BF%AA%E4%B8%9D%C2%B7%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊迪丝·雅各布森（页面不存在）">伊迪丝·雅各布森</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Jacobson" class="extiw" title="en:Edith Jacobson">Edith Jacobson</a>） </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%93%8A%E6%96%AF" title="歐內斯特·瓊斯">歐內斯特·瓊斯</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%8D%A3%E6%A0%BC" title="卡尔·荣格">卡尔·荣格</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%BF%AA%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿布拉姆·卡迪纳（页面不存在）">阿布拉姆·卡迪纳</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abram_Kardiner" class="extiw" title="en:Abram Kardiner">Abram Kardiner</a>） </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E8%83%A1%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海因茨·科胡特（页面不存在）">海因茨·科胡特</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_Kohut" class="extiw" title="en:Heinz Kohut">Heinz Kohut</a>） </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E5%85%B0%E5%A6%AE%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅兰妮·克莱因（页面不存在）">梅兰妮·克莱因</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B2%A1" title="雅各·拉岡">雅各·拉岡</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E6%81%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗纳德·莱恩（页面不存在）">罗纳德·莱恩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Laing" class="extiw" title="en:Ronald Laing">Ronald Laing</a>） </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%9B%E6%A0%BC%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玛格丽·马勒（页面不存在）">玛格丽·马勒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Mahler" class="extiw" title="en:Margaret Mahler">Margaret Mahler</a>） </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B-%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%8B%92" title="雅克-阿兰·米勒">雅克-阿兰·米勒</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山多尔·拉多（页面不存在）">山多尔·拉多</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandor_Rado" class="extiw" title="en:Sandor Rado">Sandor Rado</a>） </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B" title="奥托·兰克">奥托·兰克</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%B5%96%E5%B8%8C" title="威廉·赖希">威廉·赖希</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%BC%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="琼·里维埃（页面不存在）">琼·里维埃</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Riviere" class="extiw" title="en:Joan Riviere">Joan Riviere</a>） </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊西多尔·萨德戈尔（页面不存在）">伊西多尔·萨德戈尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidor_Isaak_Sadger" class="extiw" title="en:Isidor Isaak Sadger">Isidor Isaak Sadger</a>） </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恩斯特·西梅尔（页面不存在）">恩斯特·西梅尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Simmel" class="extiw" title="en:Ernst Simmel">Ernst Simmel</a>） </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E8%B3%93%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%A2%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%9F%83" title="莎賓娜·史碧爾埃">莎賓娜·史碧爾埃</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E5%A5%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詹姆斯·斯特雷奇（页面不存在）">詹姆斯·斯特雷奇</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Strachey" class="extiw" title="en:James Strachey">James Strachey</a>） </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%88%A9%E6%96%87" title="哈里·斯塔克·沙利文">哈里·斯塔克·沙利文</a> </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E7%8F%8A%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E6%B3%BD%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏珊·萨泽兰德·伊萨克斯（页面不存在）">苏珊·萨泽兰德·伊萨克斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Sutherland_Isaacs" class="extiw" title="en:Susan Sutherland Isaacs">Susan Sutherland Isaacs</a>） </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9" title="唐纳德·威尼科特">唐纳德·威尼科特</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%83%E7%86%B1%C2%B7%E9%BD%8A%E6%BE%A4%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="斯拉沃熱·齊澤克">斯拉沃热·齐泽克</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;">重要著作</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A2%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90" title="夢的解析">夢的解析</a>》 （1899年）</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E7%9A%84%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%97%85%E5%AD%B8" title="日常生活的精神病學">日常生活之精神病學</a>》 （1901年）</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%89%E8%AE%BA" title="性学三论">性学三论</a>》 （1905年）</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%B6%8A%E5%BF%AB%E6%A8%82%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="超越快樂原則">超越快樂原則</a>》 （1920年）</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E4%B8%8D%E6%BB%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文明及其不满（页面不存在）">文明及其不满</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilization_and_Its_Discontents" class="extiw" title="en:Civilization and Its Discontents">Civilization and Its Discontents</a>）》（1930年）</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%97%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法西斯主义大众心理学（页面不存在）">法西斯主义大众心理学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mass_Psychology_of_Fascism" class="extiw" title="en:The Mass Psychology of Fascism">The Mass Psychology of Fascism</a>）》（1933年）</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%AA%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析的四个基本概念（页面不存在）">精神分析的四个基本概念</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Four_Fundamental_Concepts_of_Psychoanalysis" class="extiw" title="en:The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis">The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis</a>）》（1964年）</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%BF%84%E7%8B%84%E6%B5%A6%E6%96%AF" title="反俄狄浦斯">反俄狄浦斯</a>》（1972年）</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B4%87%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%A2%E9%AB%94" title="意識形態的崇高客體">意识形态的崇高客体</a>》（1989年）</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;">思想流派</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BD%93%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="个体心理学">阿德勒派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="自我心理学">自我心理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="分析心理学">荣格派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B2%A1" title="雅各·拉岡">拉康派</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpersonal_psychoanalysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interpersonal psychoanalysis（页面不存在）">人際</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%9A%9B%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="extiw" title="en:人際精神分析">人際精神分析</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intersubjective_psychoanalysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intersubjective psychoanalysis（页面不存在）">主体间性</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E4%BD%93%E9%97%B4%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="extiw" title="en:主体间精神分析">主体间精神分析</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="弗洛伊德马克思主义">马克思主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E4%BD%93%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="客体关系理论">客体关系理论</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%96%E5%B8%8C%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赖希疗法（页面不存在）">赖希疗法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichian_therapy" class="extiw" title="en:Reichian therapy">Reichian therapy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relational_psychoanalysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relational psychoanalysis（页面不存在）">關係</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="extiw" title="en:關係精神分析">關係精神分析</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E4%BD%93%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自体心理学（页面不存在）">自体心理学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_psychology" class="extiw" title="en:Self psychology">Self psychology</a>）</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;">訓練</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%A3%AB%E9%A0%93%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波士頓精神分析研究院（页面不存在）">波士頓精神分析研究院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Graduate_School_of_Psychoanalysis" class="extiw" title="en:Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis">Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis</a>）</div></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英國精神分析委員會（页面不存在）">英國精神分析委員會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Psychoanalytic_Council" class="extiw" title="en:British Psychoanalytic Council">British Psychoanalytic Council</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英國精神分析學會（页面不存在）">英國精神分析學會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Psychoanalytical_Society" class="extiw" title="en:British Psychoanalytical Society">British Psychoanalytical Society</a>）</li> <li><div style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%9F%B9%E8%A8%93%E5%92%8C%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哥倫比亞大學精神分析培訓和研究中心（页面不存在）">哥倫比亞大學精神分析培訓和研究中心</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University_Center_for_Psychoanalytic_Training_and_Research" class="extiw" title="en:Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research">Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research</a>）</div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="國際精神分析學會">國際精神分析學會</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界精神分析協會（页面不存在）">世界精神分析協會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Association_of_Psychoanalysis" class="extiw" title="en:World Association of Psychoanalysis">World Association of Psychoanalysis</a>）</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Psi2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/16px-Psi2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/24px-Psi2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/32px-Psi2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:心理学">心理学主题</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Frontal_lobe_-_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Frontal_lobe_-_animation.gif/16px-Frontal_lobe_-_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Frontal_lobe_-_animation.gif/24px-Frontal_lobe_-_animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Frontal_lobe_-_animation.gif/32px-Frontal_lobe_-_animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:神經科學">神經科學主题</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Logo_sociology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Logo_sociology.svg/16px-Logo_sociology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Logo_sociology.svg/24px-Logo_sociology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Logo_sociology.svg/32px-Logo_sociology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:社会学">社会学主题</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Esculaap4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/10px-Esculaap4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/16px-Esculaap4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/21px-Esculaap4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:醫學">醫學主题</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:精神分析学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:精神分析学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:精神分析学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> 西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（德語：Sigmund Freud，出生名：Sigismund Schlomo Freud；1856年5月6日—1939年9月23日），<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="心理學家">心理學家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="精神分析学">精神分析学</a>創始人、哲學家、性学家，二十世纪最有影響力的思想家之一。精神分析是对源于心理冲突的病理的一种评估和治疗的临床医学方法，通过患者和精神分析师之间的对话来进行，这门学科则包括由此衍生的独特心智理论和人类能动性<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>。 他生於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="奧地利帝國">奧地利帝國</a>（今屬<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a>）的一個<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>家庭，1881年，他在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="維也納大學">維也納大學</a>获得医学博士学位<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>。 1885 年完成<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E8%AE%B8%E4%BB%BB%E6%95%99%E8%B5%84%E6%A0%BC" title="特许任教资格">特许任教资格</a>后，他被任命为神经病理学<a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%9B%E5%BA%A7%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88" title="講座教授">講座教授</a>，并于 1902 年成为副教授<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>。也即從畢業後他一直在維也納工作，并于 1886 年在那里开始了他的临床实践。1938年德国吞并奥地利後，因躲避<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E5%85%9A" title="纳粹党">納粹</a>，弗洛伊德遷居<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="倫敦">倫敦</a>。1939年于英国去世。 弗洛伊德创立<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="精神分析学">精神分析学</a>时，发展了“自由联想”等治疗技术，并发现了<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E6%83%85" title="移情">移情</a>这一概念且确立了其在分析过程中的核心作用。弗洛伊德将<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E6%AC%B2" title="性欲">性欲</a>的幼稚形式纳入其中，这使他将<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%8B%E6%AF%8D%E6%83%85%E7%BB%93" title="恋母情结">恋母情结</a>制定为精神分析理论的核心原则<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>。其将<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="梦">梦</a>解释为愿望的满足，这为他提供了对症状形成和压抑（Repression）的潜在机制的临床分析模型。在此基础上，弗洛伊德阐述了他的潜意识理论，并继续发展由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%91%E3%80%81%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E4%B8%8E%E8%B6%85%E6%88%91" title="本我、自我与超我">本我、自我与超我</a>组成的心理结构模型<a href="#cite_note-mannoni-8">[8]</a>。弗洛伊德假定存在“<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%86%B2%E5%8A%A8" title="性冲动">欲力</a>”（性冲动），认为性冲动是投入心理过程和结构并产生色情依恋的性能量；同时还有死亡驱力，而它是强迫性重复、仇恨、侵略和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%97%87" title="神经症">神经质内疚</a>的根源。在后来的作品中，弗洛伊德对宗教和文化进行了广泛的解读和批判。 其著作《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A2%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90" title="夢的解析">夢的解析</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%89%E8%AE%BA" title="性学三论">性學三論</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E8%85%BE%E4%B8%8E%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C" title="图腾与禁忌">圖騰與禁忌</a>》等，提出了<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" title="潛意識">潛意識</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%91%E3%80%81%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E4%B8%8E%E8%B6%85%E6%88%91" title="本我、自我与超我">本我、自我与超我</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%8B%E6%AF%8D%E6%83%85%E7%BB%93" title="恋母情结">恋母情结</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%86%B2%E5%8A%A8" title="性冲动">性冲动</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="心理防衛機制">心理防衛機制</a>等概念，被譽為「精神分析之父」。目前作为一种诊断和临床实践，精神分析在整体上处于衰落状态，但它在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="心理学">心理学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%97%85%E5%AD%A6" title="精神病学">精神病学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97" class="mw-redirect" title="心理治疗">心理治疗</a>和整个<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91" title="人文学科">人文学科</a>中仍然具有影响力。因此，精神分析继续在引发着广泛而激烈的争论，包括它的治疗效果、它的科学地位，以及它是否促进或阻碍了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="女权主义">女权主义</a>事业。尽管如此，弗洛伊德的作品已经影响了当代西方思想和流行文化。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平">生平</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pribor_-_Birthplace_of_Sigmund_Freud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pribor_-_Birthplace_of_Sigmund_Freud.jpg/220px-Pribor_-_Birthplace_of_Sigmund_Freud.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pribor_-_Birthplace_of_Sigmund_Freud.jpg/330px-Pribor_-_Birthplace_of_Sigmund_Freud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Pribor_-_Birthplace_of_Sigmund_Freud.jpg/440px-Pribor_-_Birthplace_of_Sigmund_Freud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>弗洛伊德的出生地</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AmaliaFreud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/AmaliaFreud.jpg/170px-AmaliaFreud.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/AmaliaFreud.jpg/255px-AmaliaFreud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/AmaliaFreud.jpg/340px-AmaliaFreud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3012" data-file-height="4294" /></a><figcaption>16嵗的弗洛伊德和他的母親<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%8E%9B%E8%8E%89%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿玛莉亚·弗洛伊德（页面不存在）">阿玛莉亚·弗洛伊德</a>，攝于1872年<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早年">早年</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：早年">编辑</a>]</div> 1856年5月6日，弗洛伊德出生在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="奥地利帝国">奥地利帝国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="摩拉维亚">摩拉维亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="摩拉維亞的弗萊堡">弗萊堡</a>（今<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="捷克共和國">捷克共和國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%97%A5%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%94" title="普日博尔">普日博尔</a>）的一个<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>家庭，他的猶太出身對後來其理論的發展起著很大的作用<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>。他母亲共生了三个儿子和五个女儿，他是长子<a href="#cite_note-Gresser-11">[11]</a>；还有两个同父异母的哥哥。他的家庭經濟狀況紧迫，住宅拥挤，但他的父母尽力抚养他们，尤其是弗洛伊德。从幼年起，父母就着重培养他的智力，投入的精力往往超过他的兄弟姐妹<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>。 他出生時身上附有<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E8%86%9C" title="胎膜">胎膜</a>，其母認爲這是一個吉利的徵兆<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>。他在幼年起已经显得才智过人，9岁时便以优异的成绩提前一年升入中学，在八年制的学习过程中连续六年是班级第一名，特别在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="体育教育">体育</a>这项科目上面名列前茅有七年已久。虽然当时社会上有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="反犹">反犹</a>的组织，但是他依然于1873年进入<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="维也纳大学">维也纳大学</a>学习<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学">医学</a>。大学时，弗洛伊德对生物学和生理学表现出极大的兴趣，先后在动物实验室和生理实验室实习，发表了多篇论文。當時他心理學的導師是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%A6%E5%A1%94%E8%AF%BA" title="弗朗兹·布伦塔诺">弗朗兹·布伦塔诺</a>，而他也十分尊敬這位前輩<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>。1881年5月，弗洛伊德通过医学院毕业考试，获得医学博士学位。<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> 毕业后，弗洛伊德继续在<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B" title="恩斯特·布吕克">恩斯特·布吕克</a>的生理实验室工作。与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%A5%88%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪莎·伯奈斯（页面不存在）">瑪莎·伯奈斯</a>订婚后，为了增加收入，接受布吕克的建议放弃理论研究，改行做专职医生。1882年7月31日，弗洛伊德开始在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="维也纳综合医院">维也纳综合医院</a>工作，直到1885年8月底成爲維也納大學的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神經病理學（页面不存在）">神經病理學</a>講師。<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> 他在24嵗時染上煙癮，並且認爲這種習慣可以幫助他提升工作效率。他的同事<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="威廉·弗利斯">威廉·弗利斯</a>曾就此事警告過他，但弗洛伊德依然故我，後來因此罹患<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94%E7%99%8C" title="口腔癌">口腔癌</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>。按照弗洛伊德1897年和弗利斯所講，煙癮等癮是<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%B7%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="手淫">手淫</a>的代替物。<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> 除去他尊敬的老師弗朗兹·布伦塔诺，他也十分欣賞<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF" title="西奥多·利普斯">西奧多·利普斯</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E9%87%87" class="mw-redirect" title="尼采">尼采</a>的作品<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>。在尼采于1900年去世後，弗洛依德專門去買過尼采的作品合集<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a>。但後來又對尼采失去了興趣，開始專攻神經學<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>。此外他還經常閲讀<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E5%A3%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="莎士比亞">莎士比亞</a>的英文原著，實際上他的很多精神分析原理都可以從莎士比亞的作品裏尋到源頭。<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="成名">成名</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：成名">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Une_le%C3%A7on_clinique_%C3%A0_la_Salp%C3%AAtri%C3%A8re.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Une_le%C3%A7on_clinique_%C3%A0_la_Salp%C3%AAtri%C3%A8re.jpg/220px-Une_le%C3%A7on_clinique_%C3%A0_la_Salp%C3%AAtri%C3%A8re.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Une_le%C3%A7on_clinique_%C3%A0_la_Salp%C3%AAtri%C3%A8re.jpg/330px-Une_le%C3%A7on_clinique_%C3%A0_la_Salp%C3%AAtri%C3%A8re.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Une_le%C3%A7on_clinique_%C3%A0_la_Salp%C3%AAtri%C3%A8re.jpg/440px-Une_le%C3%A7on_clinique_%C3%A0_la_Salp%C3%AAtri%C3%A8re.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1830" /></a><figcaption>1887年的畫作《薩爾佩特里厄爾的一場臨床課》描繪了<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%8F%AF" title="让-马丁·沙可">让-马丁·沙可</a>講課的場景，弗洛伊德在他的工作室里放有其印刷複製品</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freud_egykori_lakhelye_B%C3%A9csben_(Berggasse_19.).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Freud_egykori_lakhelye_B%C3%A9csben_%28Berggasse_19.%29.jpg/220px-Freud_egykori_lakhelye_B%C3%A9csben_%28Berggasse_19.%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Freud_egykori_lakhelye_B%C3%A9csben_%28Berggasse_19.%29.jpg/330px-Freud_egykori_lakhelye_B%C3%A9csben_%28Berggasse_19.%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Freud_egykori_lakhelye_B%C3%A9csben_%28Berggasse_19.%29.jpg/440px-Freud_egykori_lakhelye_B%C3%A9csben_%28Berggasse_19.%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>維也納的佛洛伊德故居，今<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86_(%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3)" title="弗洛伊德博物馆 (维也纳)">維也納弗洛伊德博物馆</a></figcaption></figure> 1885年10月，弗洛伊德前往巴黎向<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%8F%AF" title="让-马丁·沙可">让-马丁·沙可</a>求教，後來他回憶到這段經歷時說它對自己從神經學轉向研究神經病理學起到了關鍵的作用<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>。次年他就開始自己獨立進行實驗了<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>，然而這段時期弗洛伊德精神處在比較壓抑的狀態，經常做噩夢，他認爲這是因爲其父1896年去世導致他患上了神經衰弱症<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a>。基於自己的早期研究，弗洛伊德推斷出人類幼年遭受過<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E8%99%90%E5%BE%85" title="性虐待">性虐待</a>是後來患上強迫性神經官能症和歇斯底里症的先決條件，即<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%98%E6%83%91%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗洛伊德誘惑論（页面不存在）">弗洛伊德誘惑論</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a>。 1886年，他與瑪莎·伯奈斯結婚，婚後育有六名子女。他也是在這一年從醫院辭職，在維也納開設了私人診所。他自1880年代中期就在維也納大學授課，本來還想升為教授<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a>，維也納大學也很支持他，但是1903年當局否決了大學的任命。佛洛伊德的朋友瑪麗·费尔斯特（Marie Ferstel）賄賂了教育局官員一幅名畫，才使得政府改變了主意。<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> 1902年秋開始，維也納大學的很多醫生也開始對佛洛伊德的理論產生興趣，每週三到佛洛伊德家和他探討各種心理和神經學問題<a href="#cite_note-Cassandra100-30">[30]</a>，在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·斯泰克尔（页面不存在）">威廉·斯泰克尔</a>的建議下，“周三心理學會”（Psychologische Mittwochs-Gesellschaft）成立。除去佛洛伊德和斯泰克爾外，成員還有<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾弗雷德·阿德勒">阿爾弗雷德·阿德勒</a>、馬克思·卡安（Max Kahane）和魯道夫·赖特勒（Rudolf Reitler）三人<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>。他們全部是猶太裔<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马克斯·格拉夫（页面不存在）">马克斯·格拉夫</a>不久後也加入其中。精神分析學的影響力由此漸漸擴大<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a>。到1906年，周三心理學會已有16名成員，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B" title="奥托·兰克">奥托·兰克</a>為學會秘書。同年，佛洛伊德開始和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%8D%A3%E6%A0%BC" title="卡尔·荣格">卡爾·榮格</a>通信<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>。1907年3月，榮格和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E8%B3%93%E6%96%AF%E8%90%AC%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="路德維格·賓斯萬格（页面不存在）">路德維格·賓斯萬格</a>前往維也納拜訪佛洛伊德，參與了學會討論。1908年，周三心理學會正式改名<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维也纳精神分析学会（页面不存在）">维也纳精神分析学会</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>，佛洛伊德擔任會長<a href="#cite_note-Gay219-37">[37]</a>。當年8月27日，經過<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%93%8A%E6%96%AF" title="歐內斯特·瓊斯">歐內斯特·瓊斯</a>提議，學會在<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="萨尔斯堡">萨尔斯堡</a>的布里斯托酒店舉辦了第一場討論會<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a>。 1910年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E6%A0%BC%E9%BA%97%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%88%BE%E5%BC%97%E4%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪格麗特·希爾弗丁（页面不存在）">瑪格麗特·希爾弗丁</a>加入學會，她是學會的第一位女性成員<a href="#cite_note-Gay503-39">[39]</a>，次年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E8%92%82%E9%98%BF%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%A3%AE%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔蒂阿娜·罗森塔尔（页面不存在）">塔蒂阿娜·罗森塔尔</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%AE%BE%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="萨宾娜·斯皮勒林">萨宾娜·斯皮勒林</a>入會<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a>。 為了推廣佛洛伊德的學說，學會成員們在1909年創辦了《精神分析與精神病理學研究年刊》（Jahrbuch für psychoanalytische und psychopathologische Forschungen，榮格擔任主編），1910年創辦《精神分析中心冊頁》（Zentralblatt für Psychoanalyse，阿德勒和斯特克爾主編），1911年創辦《Imago》（蘭克主編），1913年創辦《国际精神分析杂志》（Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse，蘭克主編）<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="國際精神分析學會">國際精神分析學會</a>也在1910年成立，榮格擔任會長<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>。 為了推進精神分析學在英語世界國家的影響力，佛洛伊德邀請了歐內斯特·瓊斯和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞伯拉罕·布里爾（页面不存在）">亞伯拉罕·布里爾</a>到維也納講學。瓊斯擔任<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%80%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="多倫多大學">多倫多大學</a>教师後，開始在北美推廣精神分析學<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a>。1909年9月，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="克拉克大學">克拉克大學</a>的校長<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94" title="斯坦利·霍尔">斯坦利·霍爾</a>邀請佛洛伊德和榮格到他的學校講學，在那裡佛洛伊德共做了五次講座<a href="#cite_note-Gaypage212-44">[44]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="哈佛大學">哈佛大學</a>的學者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詹姆斯·杰克逊·普特南（页面不存在）">詹姆斯·杰克逊·普特南</a>聽過講座後，也很欣賞弗洛伊德，也開始在美國推廣精神分析學<a href="#cite_note-Gaypage212-44">[44]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="健康問題">健康問題</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：健康問題">编辑</a>]</div> 隨後，德國、莫斯科、美國、瑞士、法國、意大利、荷蘭、挪威的精神分析學會也在1910至1930年代間陸續建立。佛洛伊德在1922年在柏林參加了最後一場精神分析學討論會<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a>，之後，由於個人健康問題，他主要靠通信和私下見面來和各地的追隨者聯絡。1923年2月，佛洛伊德確診<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C%E7%99%BD%E6%96%91%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黏膜白斑病（页面不存在）">黏膜白斑病</a>，這是他長期抽煙導致的惡果。他一開始秘而不宣，直到4月份才把這個消息告訴歐內斯特·瓊斯。皮膚科醫生瑪克西米利安·斯特納（Maximilian Steiner）告誡他務必要戒煙，但沒有告訴他情況的嚴重性。後來，他又找菲利克斯·多伊奇（Felix Deutsch）看病，多伊奇看出來他口腔裡的斑块已經癌變，但也沒有告訴他，只是告訴他要戒煙。他又去看了一名叫做馬庫斯·哈耶克（Marcus Hajek）的鼻科醫生，做了一場手術，但手術並無成效，佛洛伊德出血嚴重，幾乎喪命。<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="逃離">逃離</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：逃離">编辑</a>]</div> 1930年，佛洛伊德獲得<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E5%BE%B7%E7%8D%8E" title="歌德獎">歌德奖</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>。但1933年1月，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="納粹黨">納粹黨</a>掌權後就在德國將他的書列為禁書、並焚毀。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%90%88%E4%BD%B5" title="德奧合併">納粹德國佔領奧地利</a>後，他的女兒安娜被<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%8B%E4%B8%96%E5%A4%AA%E4%BF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="蓋世太保">蓋世太保</a>逮捕，遭到審問。不過安娜最後還是平安地回到了家中。此事使得佛洛伊德下定決心逃離奧地利。先前已經逃到倫敦的歐內斯特·瓊斯聯繫了英國內政大臣<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E5%9D%A6%E4%BD%A9%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%E5%AD%90%E7%88%B5%E8%96%A9%E7%B9%86%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一代坦佩伍德子爵薩繆爾·霍爾（页面不存在）">薩繆爾·霍爾</a>，獲得了佛洛伊德的移民許可。此外，皇家學會會長<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" title="威廉·亨利·布拉格">威廉·亨利·布拉格</a>也寫信給英國外交大臣<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E5%93%88%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%95%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7" title="第一代哈利法克斯伯爵愛德華·伍德">愛德華·伍德</a>向柏林和維也納施壓。曾找佛洛伊德看過病的美國駐法大使<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%88%A9%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="小威廉·克里斯蒂安·布利特">小威廉·克里斯蒂安·布利特</a>則寫信給美國總統<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%C2%B7D%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="富兰克林·D·罗斯福">富蘭克林·D·羅斯福</a>求援，於是美國駐維也納領事約翰·庫珀·威利（John Cooper Wiley）也為佛洛伊德暗中提供了保護。安娜被蓋世太保放回就有他的功勞。<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> 納粹黨派去監視佛洛伊德的納粹黨員安東·索尔瓦德（Anton Sauerwald）是佛洛伊德的校友，約瑟夫·赫齐格（Josef Herzig，佛洛伊德的朋友）的學生，他很同情佛洛伊德，因此沒有按上級的指示調查佛洛伊德的銀行賬戶並燒毀國際精神分析學會的藏書，而是將它們暗中藏了起來，一直保存到了戰後<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>。1939年，索尔瓦德也逃到了倫敦<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a>，戰後被審判時，安娜為他作了辯護，使得他最終在1947年获释。<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> 佛洛伊德一家在1938年4月和5月開始逐個離開維也納<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a>。佛洛伊德和妻子及女兒安娜則在6月4日乘坐<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%BF%AB%E8%BB%8A" title="東方快車">東方快車</a>離開維也納，6日抵達<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%BB%8A%E7%AB%99" title="倫敦維多利亞車站">倫敦維多利亞車站</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%BF%E5%B7%B4" title="瑪麗·波拿巴">玛丽·波拿巴</a>曾試圖幫佛洛伊德的四個姐姐離開維也納，但並沒有成功，結果四人最後都死在了納粹的集中營里<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freud_Museum_London_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Freud_Museum_London_2.jpg/220px-Freud_Museum_London_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Freud_Museum_London_2.jpg/330px-Freud_Museum_London_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Freud_Museum_London_2.jpg/440px-Freud_Museum_London_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="3312" /></a><figcaption>佛洛伊德在漢普斯特德的家</figcaption></figure> 佛洛伊德在1936年被皇家學會封為外籍院士。在倫敦，他住在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B7" title="汉普斯特德">汉普斯特德</a>瑪瑞斯菲爾德花園（Maresfield Gardens，今<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="弗洛伊德博物馆">弗洛伊德博物馆</a>）20號，並繼續接診。他的最後一部作品《<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="摩西与一神教">摩西与一神教</a>》德文版在1936年出版，次年出版英文版<a href="#cite_note-Chaney,_Edward_2006_pp._62-54">[54]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="去世">去世</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：去世">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Freud%27s_ashes_in_Golder%27s_Green_Columbarium.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Freud%27s_ashes_in_Golder%27s_Green_Columbarium.JPG/220px-Freud%27s_ashes_in_Golder%27s_Green_Columbarium.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Freud%27s_ashes_in_Golder%27s_Green_Columbarium.JPG/330px-Freud%27s_ashes_in_Golder%27s_Green_Columbarium.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Freud%27s_ashes_in_Golder%27s_Green_Columbarium.JPG/440px-Freud%27s_ashes_in_Golder%27s_Green_Columbarium.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2056" data-file-height="3088" /></a><figcaption>弗洛伊德的骨灰</figcaption></figure> 1939年9月中，佛洛伊德的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E9%A2%9A%E7%99%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="下颚癌（页面不存在）">下颚癌</a>病情惡化，他忍受不了病痛的折磨，要求<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%88%92%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马克斯·舒尔（页面不存在）">马克斯·舒尔</a>按之前約定的一樣幫他實施<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%A8%82%E6%AD%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="安樂死">安樂死</a>。他的女兒安娜向馬克請求寬限幾天，但馬克斯·舒爾告訴她佛洛伊德已是病入膏肓，活著只是徒增痛苦。舒爾在9月21和22日給佛洛伊德打了好幾劑嗎啡，最終佛洛伊德在23日去世<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a>。但是，舒尔可能並不是給佛洛伊德打下最後一針嗎啡的人。最後執行者可能是安娜的同事約瑟芬·斯特羅斯（Josephine Stross）。<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> 佛洛伊德去世後三天，他的遺體在倫敦北部的格德斯格林火葬场（Golders Green Crematorium）火化<a href="#cite_note-sydney1-58">[58]</a>。葬禮上致悼詞的是歐內斯特·瓊斯和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E8%8C%A8%E5%A8%81%E6%A0%BC" title="斯蒂芬·茨威格">斯蒂芬·茨威格</a>。佛洛伊德的骨灰現在仍放置在火葬場的弗洛伊德角（Freud Corner），骨灰盒的基座是他的兒子恩斯特設計的<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a>。骨灰盒本身則是一個古希臘的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E8%80%B3%E5%96%B7%E5%8F%A3%E6%9D%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双耳喷口杯（页面不存在）">双耳喷口杯</a>，上面繪有<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E4%BF%84%E5%80%AA%E7%B4%A2%E6%96%AF" title="狄俄倪索斯">狄俄倪索斯</a>的故事。這個陶壺是瑪麗·波拿巴送給佛洛伊德的禮物。佛洛伊德的妻子瑪莎去世後，骨灰也安置於此處。<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="家族">家族</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：家族">编辑</a>]</div> 弗洛伊德的女儿<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="安娜·弗洛伊德">安娜·弗洛伊德</a>也是一位著名的心理学家，特别擅長在<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="儿童心理学">儿童心理学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="发展心理学">发展心理学</a>领域。 弗洛伊德的孫子，包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%BB%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="画家">画家</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="盧西安·弗洛伊德">卢西安·弗洛伊德</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E5%89%A7%E6%BC%94%E5%91%98" class="mw-redirect" title="喜剧演员">喜剧演员</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%B6" title="政治家">政治家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6" title="作家">作家</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E9%97%A8%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克莱门特·佛洛伊德（页面不存在）">克莱门特·佛洛伊德</a>。 弗洛伊德的曾孫，包括旅行家<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%91%AA%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="艾瑪·弗洛伊德">艾玛·弗洛伊德</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E8%A3%85%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="时装设计师">时装设计师</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9D%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贝拉·佛洛伊德（页面不存在）">贝拉·佛洛伊德</a>與传媒巨头<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E4%BF%AE%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马修·佛洛伊德（页面不存在）">马修·佛洛伊德</a>。 佛洛伊德是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="公共关系">公共关系</a>与宣传学的先驱者<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="爱德华·伯尼斯">爱德华·伯尼斯</a>的亲舅舅。爱德华的母亲，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安娜·弗洛伊德·伯尼斯（页面不存在）">安娜</a>是佛洛伊德的妹妹。他們兩家聯姻，爱德华的父亲，伊里·伯尼斯的妹妹玛莎·伯尼斯，是弗洛伊德之妻。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="理論">理論</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：理論">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人格">人格</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：人格">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%91%E3%80%81%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E4%B8%8E%E8%B6%85%E6%88%91" title="本我、自我与超我">本我、自我与超我</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Structural-Iceberg-zh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Structural-Iceberg-zh.svg/220px-Structural-Iceberg-zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Structural-Iceberg-zh.svg/330px-Structural-Iceberg-zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Structural-Iceberg-zh.svg/440px-Structural-Iceberg-zh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>弗洛伊德冰山理论图解</figcaption></figure> 弗洛伊德認為人格或人的精神主要分成三個部分，即<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%91%E3%80%81%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E4%B8%8E%E8%B6%85%E6%88%91" title="本我、自我与超我">本我、自我与超我</a>。「本我」（完全潛意識，不受主观意识的控制）代表慾望，受意識遏抑。「自我」（大部分有意識）負責處理現實世界的事情。「超我」（部分有意識）是<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E7%9F%A5" title="良知">良知</a>或內在的道德判斷<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a>。他的這一理論也叫做“冰山理論”<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="夢">夢</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：夢">编辑</a>]</div> 佛洛伊德認為「夢是一種在現實中實現不了和受壓抑的願望的滿足」<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a>。夢是一種<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" title="潛意識">潛意識</a>的活動，由於人的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E9%98%B2%E5%8D%AB%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6" title="心理防卫机制">心理防卫机制</a>壓抑人的本我願望，被<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%8B%E6%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="压抑">壓抑</a>的願望在潛意識的活動中並不會直接表達於夢中，而是通過扭曲變作為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5" title="象徵">象徵</a>的形式出現，故夢都是象徵的。佛洛伊德認為夢是由「顯夢」（manifest dream-content）及「隱夢」（latent dream-thought）所組成的。前者乃夢的表面形式，像經過扭曲與偽裝的「密碼」，以表現隱夢。<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="潛意識">潛意識</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：潛意識">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" title="潛意識">潛意識</a></div> 佛洛伊德的理論核心之一為<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" title="潛意識">潛意識</a>。19世紀<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="西方世界">西方</a>主流思潮為<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="实证主义">實證論</a>，相信人可取得關於自身及其所處環境之真實認知，並以明智判斷予以掌握。弗洛伊德則認為自由意志本為幻念，人無法全然意識到自我。弗洛伊德提出了意識的層次之說，「在表層之下」另有思緒運作。弗洛伊德稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A2" title="夢">夢</a>為「通往潛意識之王道」，提供參與潛意識生活的最佳入徑。弗洛伊德《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A2%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90" title="夢的解析">夢的解析</a>》中論證潛意識的存在。<a href="#cite_note-WollheimChap6-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="性心理發展">性心理發展</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：性心理發展">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95" title="性心理發展">性心理發展</a></div> 弗洛伊德相信個體<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E6%85%BE" title="原慾">原慾</a>的發展，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E5%8D%8E_(%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="升华 (心理学)">昇華</a>概念所示，為不斷轉換客體。人生來即屬「多相變態」（polymorphously perverse），任何客體都可能成為快感之源。隨不同發展階段，人會固著於特定慾望客體——初為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E6%AC%B2%E6%9C%9F" title="口欲期">口慾期</a>（如嬰兒因哺乳產生的快感），繼之以<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9B%E6%AC%B2%E6%9C%9F" title="肛欲期">肛慾期</a>（如小兒控制腸道產生之快感），隨之為<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%99%A8%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="性器期">性器期</a>（phallic stage），隨後是潜伏期（latency stage），而最後性器官成熟后就會達到生殖期（genital stage）。孩童接著經歷固著性慾於母親之時期，即所謂<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%8B%E6%AF%8D%E6%83%85%E7%BB%93" title="恋母情结">戀母情結</a>，但因此慾望有著<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C" title="禁忌">禁忌</a>的本質，必須予以壓抑。<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="女性心理">女性心理</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：女性心理">编辑</a>]</div> 佛洛伊德認為排除童年的男性特质是女性獲得<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%A3%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="女性氣質">自己身份認同</a>的關鍵<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a>，比如<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E8%92%82" class="mw-redirect" title="阴蒂">阴蒂</a>高潮是男性特质，少女會有<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E8%8E%96%E7%BE%A8%E5%A6%92" class="mw-redirect" title="陰莖羨妒">陰莖羨妒</a>情結，而阴道高潮才是成熟女性的标志。但他的這些說法因為缺乏切實的證據而飽受批評<a href="#cite_note-Zastrow-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Irvine-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gould-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-Difference-71">[71]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="生死驅力">生死驅力</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：生死驅力">编辑</a>]</div> 弗洛伊德相信人类由互相衝突的兩種慾望所驅動：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF" title="厄洛斯">愛慾</a>（生存本能）與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="塔納托斯">死慾</a>（死亡本能）。弗洛伊德所說的愛慾，包含所有創造性、及產生生命的驅力。死慾代表一切有生之物內在的衝動，欲回歸至平靜狀態，甚至最終回到不再存在<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a>。佛洛伊德提出死慾的時間要比愛慾晚，他在1920年的《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%B6%8A%E5%BF%AB%E6%A8%82%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="超越快樂原則">超越快樂原則</a>》中首次提出死慾<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗教">宗教</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：宗教">编辑</a>]</div> 佛洛伊德認為雖然宗教在歷史上發揮過作用，但在現代社會已經可以被科學取代，而神不過是一種幻覺。這在他的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E8%B1%A1%E4%B9%8B%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86" class="mw-redirect" title="幻象之未來">幻象之未來</a>》和中有詳細解釋<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a>。 他在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E8%85%BE%E4%B8%8E%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C" title="图腾与禁忌">圖騰與禁忌</a>》一書中提出男孩生命早期對母親抱有性慾，此<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%8B%E6%AF%8D%E6%83%85%E7%BB%93" title="恋母情结">戀母情結</a>為普遍存在的現象。父親有保護部落的能力，因此男性愛慕他，但也同時因父親與眾母親的關係而嫉妒他。兒子們瞭解獨力無法擊敗領導者父親，故合力予以殺害，之後以祭儀宴饗形式啖之，藉此將父親的力量納入己身。然而眾子之後背負的罪惡感，也使其強化對父親的回憶，並予以祭拜。部落內也由此產生<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%AA%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%A4" title="近親性交">亂倫</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="婚姻">婚姻</a>的禁忌，並以象徵性的動物<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%BA%E7%89%B2" title="牺牲">犧牲</a>取代人祭<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a>。 《<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="摩西与一神教">摩西與一神教</a>》一書，則根據弗洛伊德理论重建<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太教">猶太教</a>歷史，認為<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF" title="摩西">摩西</a>是埃及人，為<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%82%AF%E9%82%A3%E9%A1%BF" title="阿肯那顿">阿肯那頓</a>一神教的信徒，阿肯那頓一神教失敗後，摩西率領埃及邊境地區的少數族群猶太人出走埃及，前往迦南之地，維持一神教的信仰，沿途並與夸底斯部落結合。但摩西嚴格的一神教信仰使百姓們無法忍受，因此殺死摩西。此後，摩西的追隨者（利未人）一方面堅持一神教的傳統與埃及習俗（如割禮），一方面與夸底斯部族妥協，使夸底斯人崇拜的火山神耶和華成為新一神教的神祇<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a>。但書中很多說法實際上是佛洛伊德的個人猜想，並沒有歷史依據<a href="#cite_note-:1-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-79">[79]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="遗产">遗产</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：遗产">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sigmund_Freud_statue,_London_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Sigmund_Freud_statue%2C_London_1.jpg/170px-Sigmund_Freud_statue%2C_London_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Sigmund_Freud_statue%2C_London_1.jpg/255px-Sigmund_Freud_statue%2C_London_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Sigmund_Freud_statue%2C_London_1.jpg/340px-Sigmund_Freud_statue%2C_London_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>1971 年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E8%92%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧斯卡·尼蒙（页面不存在）">奧斯卡·尼蒙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Nemon" class="extiw" title="en:Oscar Nemon">Oscar Nemon</a>）(Oscar Nemon) 在倫敦北部漢普斯特德建造了西格蒙德·弗洛伊德紀念碑，靠近西格蒙德和安娜·弗洛伊德居住的地方，即現在的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="弗洛伊德博物馆">弗洛伊德博物馆</a>。雕像後面的建築是塔維斯托克診所，這是一個主要的心理保健機構。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sigmund_Freud_memorial_plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sigmund_Freud_memorial_plaque.jpg/220px-Sigmund_Freud_memorial_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sigmund_Freud_memorial_plaque.jpg/330px-Sigmund_Freud_memorial_plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sigmund_Freud_memorial_plaque.jpg/440px-Sigmund_Freud_memorial_plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1421" data-file-height="1862" /></a><figcaption>位於弗洛伊德出生地<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%97%A5%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%94" title="普日博尔">弗萊堡</a>的紀念碑</figcaption></figure> 佛洛伊德的理論是頗具爭議的，但其影響力毋庸置疑。史蒂芬·费罗施（Stephen Frosh）說：“（佛洛伊德的學說是）對20世紀最有影響力的思想之一，影響力僅次於<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="達爾文主義">達爾文主義</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="馬克思主義">馬克思主義</a>”<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a>。人類文化的各個領域都有其痕跡<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a>。弗洛伊德的心理理論爭議一直很大。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E4%BD%9B%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新佛洛伊德學派（页面不存在）">新佛洛伊德學派</a>的成員，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾弗雷德·阿德勒">阿爾弗雷德·阿德勒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B" title="奥托·兰克">奧托·蘭克</a>等，認為弗洛伊德的一些學說（如本能性驱力）是有問題的<a href="#cite_note-Kovel-82">[82]</a>。但很多學派仍然沿用他的學說<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a>，其效用也得到了證實<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="科學">科學</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：科學">编辑</a>]</div> 科學家做過很多測試弗洛伊德學說的實驗<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a>。1934年，弗洛伊德在給心理學家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%A2%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E6%A3%AE%E8%8C%A8%E5%A8%81%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="索爾·羅森茨威格（页面不存在）">索爾·羅森茨威格</a>的一封信中說他的理論“與实验验证不相干”<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a>。但西摩·費雪（Seymour Fisher）和羅傑·格林堡（Roger P. Greenberg）在1996年表示弗洛伊德的很多主觀點都是有證據的。<a href="#cite_note-FisherandGreenberg-87">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E5%85%8B" title="汉斯·艾森克">汉斯·艾森克</a>在《弗洛伊德帝國的衰退》（Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire，1985）一書中批評弗洛伊德，說他的理論使得心理學和精神病學的研究倒退了至少五十年<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a>，馬爾科姆·馬克西米連（Malcolm Macmillan）在《弗洛伊德评估》（Freud Evaluated，1991）中說“弗洛伊德的方法是無法用與心理過程有關的客觀數據來證實的”<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a>。理查德·韋伯斯特（Richard Webster）在《為什麼弗洛伊德是錯的》（Why Freud Was Wrong，1995）中說精神分析學可能是有史以來最成功、最複雜的<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="偽科學">偽科學</a><a href="#cite_note-Webster-90">[90]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="科学哲学">科學哲學家</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94" title="卡尔·波普尔">卡爾·波普</a>認為一切合理的<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="理論">科學理論</a>，均具備<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%81%E4%BC%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="证伪">證偽</a>的可能，但弗洛伊德的心理學理論難以被證偽，因此不具備科學性<a href="#cite_note-Popper-91">[91]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E4%BC%A6%E9%B2%8D%E5%A7%86" title="阿道夫·格伦鲍姆">阿道夫·格伦鲍姆</a>在《精神分析學基礎》（The Foundations of Psychoanalysis，1984）中說波普的說法並不對，因為很多弗洛伊德的理論是可以從經驗上證明的<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%82%91%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%85%8B%E9%AD%AF%E9%A0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="羅傑·史克魯頓">罗杰·史克鲁顿</a>在《性慾》（Sexual Desire，1986）一書中說弗洛伊德的抑制理論等確實是可以被證實的。但他仍然認為精神分析學太過於依賴隱喻，並非真正的科學。<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> 20世紀中期以後，至少在美國精神病學家們開始逐漸減弱對心理分析學的關注<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a>。它在人文領域仍然是非常常見的理論，但在精神病學研究領域有被邊緣化的趨勢<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a>。不過，根據2002年的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普通心理學評論（页面不存在）">普通心理學評論</a>》，弗洛伊德仍是20世紀被引用次數第三高的心理學家<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="哲学">哲学</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：哲学">编辑</a>]</div> 不論精神分析作為哲學的形式其價值為何，弗洛伊德引介下列三個概念，與西方以前的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="哲學">哲學</a>產生斷裂。 <ul><li>他創建心理程序的模型，破除了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%A5%88%C2%B7%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="勒奈·笛卡尔">笛卡兒</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E6%80%9D%E6%95%85%E6%88%91%E5%9C%A8" title="我思故我在">我思</a>。對弗洛伊德而言，思緒產生的程序，非主體直接反思所能探知。自歷史角度觀之，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D" title="卡尔·马克思">馬克思</a>意識型態的分析早於弗洛伊德，但後者更將主體性之不明視為根本。二者之後，人實踐的目標，及用來合理化其目標的想法，其構成核心不外乎弗洛伊德的性心理史，和馬克思的社會階級角色。</li> <li>在夢、口誤、神經病徵、和精神病患的文字構建等，這些看起來全然難解、無理、和無意義的素材中，弗洛伊德檢視了其中找到的「合理性」。相對言之，在工作活動、政治哲學、制式社會行為這些清楚明白具「合理性」的素材中，他發現了其中的「不合理性」（如純然專斷和怪異的元素）。</li> <li>佛洛伊德從<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%80%E8%AB%87%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="言談治療（页面不存在）">言談治療</a>引進創新的言說技術，藉此讓人透過間接洩漏潛意識內容的方式以消減沮喪。精神分析療程的逆向程序，顯示了個人如何依據符號壓縮與情緒轉嫁的邏輯，以潛意識的方式形成所遭遇的諸種問題。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="重要著作">重要著作</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：重要著作">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="書籍">書籍</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：書籍">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%94%E7%97%87%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="癔症研究">癔症研究</a>》，與<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE" title="約瑟夫·布羅伊爾">約瑟夫·布羅伊爾</a>（Josef Breuer）合著。（Studies on Hysteria / Studien über Hysterie，1895）</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A2%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90" title="夢的解析">释梦</a>》（The Interpretation of Dreams / Die Traumdeutung，1899）</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E7%9A%84%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%97%85%E5%AD%B8" title="日常生活的精神病學">日常生活的心理病理学</a>》（The Psychopathology of Everyday Life / Zur Psychopathologie des Alltagslebens，1901）</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%89%E8%AE%BA" title="性学三论">性欲三论</a>》（Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality / Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie，1905）</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%99%E8%B0%90%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E4%B8%8E%E6%BD%9C%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="诙谐及其与潜意识的关系">诙谐及其与无意识的关系</a>》（Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious，1905）</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E8%85%BE%E4%B8%8E%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C" title="图腾与禁忌">圖騰與禁忌</a>》（Totem and Taboo / Totem und Tabu，1913）</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%96%E8%87%AA%E6%88%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="論自戀（页面不存在）">論自戀</a>》（On Narcissism / Zur Einführung der Narzißmus，1914）</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%B6%8A%E5%BF%AB%E6%A8%82%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="超越快樂原則">超越快樂原則</a>》（Beyond the Pleasure Principle / Jenseits des Lustprinzips，1920）</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E8%88%87%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自我與本我（页面不存在）">我与它</a>》（The Ego and the Id / Das Ich und das Es，1923）</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E8%B1%A1%E4%B9%8B%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86" class="mw-redirect" title="幻象之未來">一个幻觉的未来</a>》（The Future of an Illusion / Die Zukunft einer Illusion，1927）</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E4%B8%8D%E6%BB%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文明及其不滿（页面不存在）">文明中的不适</a>》（Civilization and Its Discontents / Das Unbehagen in der Kultur，1929）</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="摩西与一神教">摩西與一神教</a>》（Moses and Monotheism / Der Mann Moses und die Monotheistische Religion，1939）</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%BC%95%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析引論（页面不存在）">精神分析引論</a>》（An Outline of Psycho-Analysis / Abriß der Psychoanalyse，1940）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="病例分析">病例分析</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：病例分析">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>《朵拉：歇斯底里案例分析的片斷》（Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria，1905）</li> <li>《論女性：女同性戀案例的心理成因及其他》（Psychogenesis of a Case of Homosexuality in a Woman and Other Works，1902）</li> <li>《史瑞伯：妄想症案例的精神分析》（Psycho-Analytic Notes upon an Autobiographical Account of a Case of Paranoia，1911）</li> <li>《鼠人：強迫官能症案例之摘錄》（Notes upon a Case of Obsessional Neurosis，1909）</li> <li>《狼人：孩童期精神官能症案例的病史》（From the History of an Infantile Neurosis，1918）</li> <li>《小漢斯：畏懼症案例的分析》（Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-Year-Old Boy，1909）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见">参见</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：参见">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="弗洛伊德马克思主义">弗洛伊德马克思主义</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Halberstadt, Max. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/98514770/">Sigmund Freud, half-length portrait, facing left, holding cigar in right hand</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" title="國會圖書館 (美國)">Library of Congress</a>. c. 1921 [2017-06-08]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171228054049/https://www.loc.gov/item/98514770/">存档</a>于2017-12-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=Sigmund+Freud%2C+half-length+portrait%2C+facing+left%2C+holding+cigar+in+right+hand&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.aulast=Halberstadt&rft.chron=c.+1921&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2F98514770%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-frs-2"><a href="#cite_ref-frs_2-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">A. G. Tansley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rsbm.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royobits/3/9/247">Sigmund Freud 1856—1939</a>. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 1941-01-01, 3 (9): 247–275 [2018-04-03]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1479-571X">ISSN 1479-571X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1941.0002">doi:10.1098/rsbm.1941.0002</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180602060409/http://rsbm.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royobits/3/9/247">存档</a>于2018-06-02） （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=Sigmund+Freud+1856%E2%80%941939&rft.au=A.+G.+Tansley&rft.date=1941-01-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1479-571X&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Obituary+Notices+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.pages=247-275&rft.volume=3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frsbm.royalsocietypublishing.org%2Fcontent%2Froyobits%2F3%2F9%2F247&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1941.0002&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Pick, Daniel (2015). Psychoanalysis: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kindle Edition, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Noel Sheehy; Alexandra Forsythe. Sigmund Freud. Fifty Key Thinkers in Psychology. Routledge. 2013. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-134-70493-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-134-70493-4">ISBN 978-1-134-70493-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=Sigmund+Freud&rft.au=Alexandra+Forsythe&rft.au=Noel+Sheehy&rft.btitle=Fifty+Key+Thinkers+in+Psychology&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1-134-70493-4&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Kandel, Eric R. (2012). The Age of Insight: The Quest to Understand the Unconscious in Art, Mind and Brain, from Vienna 1900 to the Present, pp. 45–46. New York: Random House. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Gay 2006, pp. 136–37. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Jones, Ernest (1949). What is Psychoanalysis?, p. 47. London: Allen & Unwin. </li> <li id="cite_note-mannoni-8"><a href="#cite_ref-mannoni_8-0">^</a> Mannoni, Octave (2015) [1971]. Freud: The Theory of the Unconscious, pp. 49–51, 146–47, 152–54. London: Verso. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Peter Gay (1995), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freud:_A_Life_for_Our_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freud: A Life for Our Time（页面不存在）">Freud: A Life for Our Time</a>: picture caption "his adored mother" </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Robert, Marthe (1976) From Oedipus to Moses: Freud's Jewish Identity New York: Anchor pp. 3–6 </li> <li id="cite_note-Gresser-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Gresser_11-0">^</a> Gresser 1994, p. 225. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Gay 2006, pp. 4–8; Clark 1980, p. 4 <ul><li>For Jakob's Torah study, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=Y2KGVuym5OUC&pg=PA233">Meissner 1993, p. 233</a>.</li> <li>For the date of the marriage, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=JhbDnT74kWEC&pg=PA55">Rice 1990, p. 55</a>.</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Deborah P. Margolis, M.A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=MPSA.014.0037A">Margolis 1989</a>. Pep-web.org. [2014-01-17]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223112728/http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=MPSA.014.0037A">存档</a>于2014-02-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.au=Deborah+P.+Margolis%2C+M.A.&rft.btitle=Margolis+1989&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Pep-web.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep-web.org%2Fdocument.php%3Fid%3DMPSA.014.0037A&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Pigman, G. W. Freud and the history of empathy. The International journal of psycho-analysis. 1995, 76 (Pt 2): 237–256. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7628894">PMID 7628894</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=Freud+and+the+history+of+empathy&rft.aufirst=G.+W.&rft.aulast=Pigman&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=Pt+2&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+psycho-analysis&rft.pages=237-256&rft.volume=76&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7628894&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> HOPKINS, P. (1939), SIGMUND FREUD. Journal of Personality, 8: 163–169. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1939.tb02171.x </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Gay 2006, p. 42-47 </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Gay 2006, pp. 77, 169 </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Freud and Bonaparte 2009, pp. 238–239 </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Pigman, G. W. Freud and the history of empathy. The International journal of psycho-analysis. 1995, 76 (Pt 2): 237–256. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7628894">PMID 7628894</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=Freud+and+the+history+of+empathy&rft.aufirst=G.+W.&rft.aulast=Pigman&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=Pt+2&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+psycho-analysis&rft.pages=237-256&rft.volume=76&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7628894&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Paul Roazen, in Dufresne, Todd (ed). Returns of the French Freud: Freud, Lacan, and Beyond. New York and London: Routledge Press, 1997, p. 13 </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Gay 2006, p. 45 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Holt 1989, p. 242 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Bloom 1994, p. 346 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Joseph Aguayo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=pct.009.0223a">Joseph Aguayo Charcot and Freud: Some Implications of Late 19th-century French Psychiatry and Politics for the Origins of Psychoanalysis (1986). Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Thought, 9:223–260</a>. Pep-web.org. [6 February 2011]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719091239/http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=pct.009.0223a">存档</a>于2011-07-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.au=Joseph+Aguayo&rft.btitle=Joseph+Aguayo+Charcot+and+Freud%3A+Some+Implications+of+Late+19th-century+French+Psychiatry+and+Politics+for+the+Origins+of+Psychoanalysis+%281986%29.+Psychoanalysis+and+Contemporary+Thought%2C+9%3A223%E2%80%93260&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Pep-web.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep-web.org%2Fdocument.php%3Fid%3Dpct.009.0223a&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Gay 2006, pp. 64–71 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/freud.html">jewishvirtuallibrary Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)</a>. jewishvirtuallibrary.org. [20 May 2013]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130509021811/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/freud.html">存档</a>于2013-05-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.btitle=jewishvirtuallibrary+Sigmund+Freud+%281856%E2%80%931939%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fbiography%2Ffreud.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Freud 1896c, pp. 203, 211, 219; Eissler 2005, p. 96 </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation book">John Forrester, Introduction; Sigmund Freud. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=nqYKb9-zGRkC&pg=PT70">Interpreting Dreams</a>. Penguin Books Limited. 2006: 70. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-14-191553-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-14-191553-1">ISBN 978-0-14-191553-1</a>. <q>Affiliated Professor seems to me to be the best translation of professor extraordinarius, which position has the rank of full Professor, but without payment by the University.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.au=John+Forrester%2C+Introduction&rft.au=Sigmund+Freud&rft.btitle=Interpreting+Dreams&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-14-191553-1&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DnqYKb9-zGRkC%26pg%3DPT70&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Phillips, Adam (2014) Becoming Freud Yale University Press. p. 139. </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassandra100-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Cassandra100_30-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Schwartz, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=zjw-9LEpR04C&pg=PA100">Cassandra's daughter: a history of psychoanalysis</a>. London: Karnac. 2003: 100. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-85575-939-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-85575-939-8">ISBN 978-1-85575-939-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.btitle=Cassandra%27s+daughter%3A+a+history+of+psychoanalysis&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-85575-939-8&rft.pages=100&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Karnac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dzjw-9LEpR04C%26pg%3DPA100&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Rose, Louis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=PAQ.057.0147A">Freud and fetishism: previously unpublished minutes of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society</a>. Psychoanalytic Quartery. 1998, 57 (2): 147 [2020-04-23]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0033-2828">ISSN 0033-2828</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F21674086.1988.11927209">doi:10.1080/21674086.1988.11927209</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160309112945/http://pep-web.org/document.php?id=paq.057.0147a">存档</a>于2016-03-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=Freud+and+fetishism%3A+previously+unpublished+minutes+of+the+Vienna+Psychoanalytic+Society&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0033-2828&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Psychoanalytic+Quartery&rft.pages=147&rft.volume=57&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep-web.org%2Fdocument.php%3Fid%3DPAQ.057.0147A&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F21674086.1988.11927209&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Makari, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=uPWBHwLjeXsC&printsec&pg=PA130">Revolution in Mind: the Creation of Psychoanalysis</a> Australian. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Publishing. 2008: 130. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-522-85480-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-522-85480-0">ISBN 978-0-522-85480-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.aufirst=George&rft.aulast=Makari&rft.btitle=Revolution+in+Mind%3A+the+Creation+of+Psychoanalysis&rft.date=2008&rft.edition=Australian&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-522-85480-0&rft.pages=130&rft.place=Carlton%2C+Vic.&rft.pub=Melbourne+University+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DuPWBHwLjeXsC%26printsec%26pg%3DPA130&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Ellenberger, Henri F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveryofuncon00ellerich">The Discovery of the Unconscious: the History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry</a>. New York: Basic Books. 1970: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveryofuncon00ellerich/page/443">443</a>, 454]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-465-01673-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-465-01673-0">ISBN 978-0-465-01673-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.aufirst=Henri+F.&rft.aulast=Ellenberger&rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+the+Unconscious%3A+the+History+and+Evolution+of+Dynamic+Psychiatry&rft.date=1970&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-465-01673-0&rft.pages=443%2C+454&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiscoveryofuncon00ellerich&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Wehr, Gerhard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jungbiography0000wehr/page/83">Jung – A Biography</a>. Shambhala. 1985: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jungbiography0000wehr/page/83">83–85</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-87773-455-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-87773-455-0">ISBN 978-0-87773-455-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.au=Wehr%2C+Gerhard&rft.btitle=Jung+%E2%80%93+A+Biography&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-87773-455-0&rft.pages=83-85&rft.pub=Shambhala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjungbiography0000wehr%2Fpage%2F83&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Sulloway, Frank J. Reassessing Freud's case histories: the social construction of psychoanalysis. Isis. 1991, 82 (2): 245–75. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1917435">PMID 1917435</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F355727">doi:10.1086/355727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=Reassessing+Freud%27s+case+histories%3A+the+social+construction+of+psychoanalysis&rft.aufirst=Frank+J.&rft.aulast=Sulloway&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.pages=245-75&rft.volume=82&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F355727&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1917435&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Ellenberger, Henri F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveryofuncon00ellerich">The Discovery of the Unconscious: the History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry</a> [Repr.] New York: Basic Books. 1970: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveryofuncon00ellerich/page/455">455</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-465-01673-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-465-01673-0">ISBN 978-0-465-01673-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.aufirst=Henri+F.&rft.aulast=Ellenberger&rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+the+Unconscious%3A+the+History+and+Evolution+of+Dynamic+Psychiatry&rft.date=1970&rft.edition=%5BRepr.%5D&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-465-01673-0&rft.pages=455&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiscoveryofuncon00ellerich&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Gay219-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Gay219_37-0">^</a> Gay 2006, p. 219 </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Jones, E. 1955, pp. 44–45 </li> <li id="cite_note-Gay503-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Gay503_39-0">^</a> Gay 2006, p. 503 </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Martin Miller(1998) Freud and the Bolsheviks, Yale University Press, pp. 24, 45 </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Jones, Ernest (1964) Sigmund Freud: Life and Work. Edited and abridged by Lionel Trilling and Stephen Marcus. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books pp. 334, 352, 361 </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Gay 2006, p. 460 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Gay 2006, p. 186 </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaypage212-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaypage212_44-0">44.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaypage212_44-1">44.1</a> Gay 2006, p. 212 </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Gay 2006, p. 394 </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Gay 2006, pp. 419–20 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Gay 2006, p. 571 </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Cohen 2009, pp. 152–53. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Cohen 2009, p. 160. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Schur, Max (1972) Freud: Living and Dying, London: Hogarth Press, pp. 498–99. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Cohen 2009, p. 213. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Cohen 2009, pp. 157–59. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Cohen 2009, pp. 178, 205–07. </li> <li id="cite_note-Chaney,_Edward_2006_pp._62-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Chaney,_Edward_2006_pp._62_54-0">^</a> Chaney, Edward (2006). 'Egypt in England and America: The Cultural Memorials of Religion, Royalty and Religion', Sites of Exchange: European Crossroads and Faultlines, eds. M. Ascari and A. Corrado. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, Chaney'Freudian Egypt', The London Magazine (April/May 2006), pp. 62–69, and Chaney, 'Moses and Monotheism, by Sigmund Freud', 'The Canon', THE (Times Higher Education), 3–9 June 2010, No. 1, 950, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Gay 2006, pp. 650–51 </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=1i7bxu%2FFMHIpo2b6nEloZg&scan=1">Index entry</a>. FreeBMD. ONS. [2 September 2016]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511090001/https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=1i7bxu%2FFMHIpo2b6nEloZg&scan=1">存档</a>于2021-05-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=Index+entry&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FreeBMD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freebmd.org.uk%2Fcgi%2Finformation.pl%3Fcite%3D1i7bxu%252FFMHIpo2b6nEloZg%26scan%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Lacoursiere, Roy B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_american-imago_spring-2008_65_1/page/107">Freud's Death: Historical Truth and Biographical Fictions</a>. American Imago. 2008, 65 (1): 107–28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Faim.0.0003">doi:10.1353/aim.0.0003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=Freud%27s+Death%3A+Historical+Truth+and+Biographical+Fictions&rft.aufirst=Roy+B.&rft.aulast=Lacoursiere&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=American+Imago&rft.pages=107-28&rft.volume=65&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_american-imago_spring-2008_65_1%2Fpage%2F107&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Faim.0.0003&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-sydney1-58"><a href="#cite_ref-sydney1_58-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sydney.edu.au/museums/publications/catalogues/freud-catalogue.pdf">Sigmund Freud's Collection: An Archaeology of the Mind</a> (PDF). [2014-02-08]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222133332/http://sydney.edu.au/museums/publications/catalogues/freud-catalogue.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2014-02-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.btitle=Sigmund+Freud%27s+Collection%3A+An+Archaeology+of+the+Mind&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsydney.edu.au%2Fmuseums%2Fpublications%2Fcatalogues%2Ffreud-catalogue.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Welter, Volker M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=j9HFNKIU44wC&pg=PA205&lpg=PA205&dq=golders+green+columbarium+freud#v=onepage&q=golders%20green%20columbarium%20freud&f=false">Ernst L. Freud, Architect</a>. 2011-10-01. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-85745-234-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-85745-234-4">ISBN 978-0-85745-234-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.aufirst=Volker+M&rft.aulast=Welter&rft.btitle=Ernst+L.+Freud%2C+Architect&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-85745-234-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dj9HFNKIU44wC%26pg%3DPA205%26lpg%3DPA205%26dq%3Dgolders%2Bgreen%2Bcolumbarium%2Bfreud%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dgolders%2520green%2520columbarium%2520freud%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Burke, Janine The Sphinx at the Table: Sigmund Freud's Art Collection and the Development of Psychoanalysis, New York: Walker and Co. 2006, p. 340. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Freud, Sigmund. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Vol. XIX. Translated from the German under the General Editorship of <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Strachey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Strachey（页面不存在）">James Strachey</a>. In collaboration with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Freud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna Freud（页面不存在）">Anna Freud</a>. Assisted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alix_Strachey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alix Strachey（页面不存在）">Alix Strachey</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Tyson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Tyson（页面不存在）">Alan Tyson</a>, Vintage, 1999. [Reprint.] <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-09-929622-5" title="Special:网络书源/0-09-929622-5">0-09-929622-5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Heffner, Christopher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allpsych.com/psychology101/ego.html">Freud's Structural and Topographical Models of Personality</a>. Psychology 101. [5 September 2011]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903210026/http://allpsych.com/psychology101/ego.html">存档</a>于2011-09-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=Freud%27s+Structural+and+Topographical+Models+of+Personality&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.aulast=Heffner&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Psychology+101&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallpsych.com%2Fpsychology101%2Fego.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Rycroft, Charles. A Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. London: Penguin Books, 1995, p. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Nagera, Humberto (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=gZixAwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover">Basic Psychoanalytic Concepts on the Theory of Dreams</a>. Abingdon-on-Thames: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. 2014 [1969]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-31767047-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-31767047-6">ISBN 978-1-31767047-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.aufirst=Humberto&rft.aulast=Nagera&rft.btitle=Basic+Psychoanalytic+Concepts+on+the+Theory+of+Dreams&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-31767047-6&rft.place=Abingdon-on-Thames&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DgZixAwAAQBAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-WollheimChap6-65"><a href="#cite_ref-WollheimChap6_65-0">^</a> Wollheim, Richard (1971). Freud. London, Fontana Press, pp. 157–76 </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Freud, Standard Edition, vol. 7, 1906, p. 274; S.E. 14, 1914, p. 18; S.E. 20, 1925, p. 34; S.E. 22, 1933, p. 120; Schimek, J.G. (1987), Fact and Fantasy in the Seduction Theory: a Historical Review. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, xxxv: 937–65; <cite class="citation journal">Esterson, Allen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://human-nature.com/esterson">Jeffrey Masson and Freud's seduction theory: a new fable based on old myths</a>. History of the Human Sciences. 1998, 11 (1): 1–21 [2020-04-23]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F095269519801100101">doi:10.1177/095269519801100101</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081103235211/http://www.human-nature.com/esterson/">存档</a>于2008-11-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=Jeffrey+Masson+and+Freud%27s+seduction+theory%3A+a+new+fable+based+on+old+myths&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.aulast=Esterson&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=History+of+the+Human+Sciences&rft.pages=1-21&rft.volume=11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhuman-nature.com%2Festerson&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F095269519801100101&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Julie M.L.C.L. Dobbeleir; Koenraad Van Landuyt; Stan J. Monstre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3312147">Aesthetic Surgery of the Female Genitalia</a>. Seminars in Plastic Surgery. May 2011, 25 (2): 130–41. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3312147">PMC 3312147</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547970">PMID 22547970</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1055%2Fs-0031-1281482">doi:10.1055/s-0031-1281482</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=Aesthetic+Surgery+of+the+Female+Genitalia&rft.au=Julie+M.L.C.L.+Dobbeleir&rft.au=Koenraad+Van+Landuyt&rft.au=Stan+J.+Monstre&rft.date=2011-05&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Seminars+in+Plastic+Surgery&rft.pages=130-41&rft.volume=25&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3312147&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3312147&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1055%2Fs-0031-1281482&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22547970&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Zastrow-68"><a href="#cite_ref-Zastrow_68-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Zastrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Zastrow（页面不存在）">Charles Zastrow</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=tco4YjyZab4C&pg=PT248&dq=#v=onepage&q=&f=false">Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare: Empowering People</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cengage_Learning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cengage Learning（页面不存在）">Cengage Learning</a>. 2007: 228 [15 March 2014]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-495-09510-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-495-09510-1">ISBN 978-0-495-09510-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.au=Charles+Zastrow&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Social+Work+and+Social+Welfare%3A+Empowering+People&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-495-09510-1&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dtco4YjyZab4C%26pg%3DPT248%26dq%3D%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Irvine-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Irvine_69-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Janice M. Irvine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=uIJXT7ZCTCsC&pg=PA37&dq=Kinsey+criticized+Freud#v=onepage&q=Kinsey%20criticized%20Freud&f=false">Disorders of Desire: Sexuality and Gender in Modern American Sexology</a>. Temple University Press. 2005: 37–38 [3 January 2012]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-59213-151-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-59213-151-8">ISBN 978-1-59213-151-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.au=Janice+M.+Irvine&rft.btitle=Disorders+of+Desire%3A+Sexuality+and+Gender+in+Modern+American+Sexology&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-59213-151-8&rft.pages=37-38&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DuIJXT7ZCTCsC%26pg%3DPA37%26dq%3DKinsey%2Bcriticized%2BFreud%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DKinsey%2520criticized%2520Freud%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Gould-70"><a href="#cite_ref-Gould_70-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Stephen Jay Gould. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=nhIl7e61WOUC&pg=PA767&lpg=PA767&dq=#v=onepage&q=&f=false">The Structure of Evolutionary Theory</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. 2002: 1262–63 [27 August 2012]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-674-00613-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-674-00613-3">ISBN 978-0-674-00613-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.au=Stephen+Jay+Gould&rft.btitle=The+Structure+of+Evolutionary+Theory&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-674-00613-3&rft.pages=1262-63&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DnhIl7e61WOUC%26pg%3DPA767%26lpg%3DPA767%26dq%3D%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Difference-71"><a href="#cite_ref-Difference_71-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150729172459/http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/difference-between-clitoral-and-vaginal-orgasm">Difference between clitoral and vaginal orgasm</a>. Go Ask Alice!. 28 March 2008 [21 April 2010]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/difference-between-clitoral-and-vaginal-orgasm">原始内容</a>存档于2015-07-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.btitle=Difference+between+clitoral+and+vaginal+orgasm&rft.date=2008-03-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Go+Ask+Alice%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoaskalice.columbia.edu%2Fdifference-between-clitoral-and-vaginal-orgasm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Jones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Jones（页面不存在）">Jones, Ernest</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=0nwIAQAAIAAJ">The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud. Volume 3</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. 1957: 273 [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=_NBLAQAAMAAJ">1953</a>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Work+of+Sigmund+Freud.+Volume+3&rft.date=1957&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=273&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D0nwIAQAAIAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Laplanche, Jean; Pontalis, Jean-Bertrand (2018) [1973]. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=RptYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT493&dq=%22Nirvana+Principle+%3D+D.:+Nirwanaprinzip%22+%22Term+proposed+by+Barbara+Low%22">Nirvana Principle"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Jones, James W., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=c0CBs5KeujoC">'Foreword'</a> in Charles Spezzano and Gerald J. Gargiulo (eds), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?lr=&id=c0CBs5KeujoC&oi">Soul on the Couch: Spirituality, Religion and Morality in Contemporary Psychoanalysis</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210417203703/https://books.google.com/books?lr=&id=c0CBs5KeujoC&oi">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） (Hillsdale, 2003), p. xi. <cite class="citation journal">Kepnes, Steven D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-for-the-scientific-study-of-religion_1986-12_25_4/page/504">Bridging the gap between understanding and explanation approaches to the study of religion</a>. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. Dec 1986, 25 (4): 504–12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1385914">JSTOR 1385914</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1385914">doi:10.2307/1385914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=Bridging+the+gap+between+understanding+and+explanation+approaches+to+the+study+of+religion&rft.aufirst=Steven+D.&rft.aulast=Kepnes&rft.date=1986-12&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Scientific+Study+of+Religion&rft.pages=504-12&rft.volume=25&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1385914&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-for-the-scientific-study-of-religion_1986-12_25_4%2Fpage%2F504&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1385914&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Chapman, Christopher N. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=WporR8_wh6cC&printsec=https://books.google.com/?id=c0CBs5KeujoC&pg=PA30">Freud, Religion and Anxiety</a>. Morrisville, NC. 2007: 30–31. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4357-0571-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4357-0571-5">ISBN 978-1-4357-0571-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.aufirst=Christopher+N.&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.btitle=Freud%2C+Religion+and+Anxiety&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4357-0571-5&rft.pages=30-31&rft.place=Morrisville%2C+NC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DWporR8_wh6cC%26printsec%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dc0CBs5KeujoC%26pg%3DPA30&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  Freud, Sigmund Totem and Taboo (New York: W.W. Norton & Co. 1950) pp. x, 142, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-393-00143-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-393-00143-3">978-0-393-00143-3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Friedman, R.Z. Freud's religion: Oedipus and Moses. Religious Studies. May 1998, 34 (2): 145. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0034412598004296">doi:10.1017/S0034412598004296</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=Freud%27s+religion%3A+Oedipus+and+Moses&rft.aufirst=R.Z.&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.date=1998-05&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Religious+Studies&rft.pages=145&rft.volume=34&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0034412598004296&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  <cite class="citation book">Roustang, Mikkel Borch-Jacobsen; translated by Catherine Porter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=GjqsAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA271">The Freudian subject</a>. Basingstoke: Macmillan. 1989. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-333-48986-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-333-48986-4">ISBN 978-0-333-48986-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.aufirst=Mikkel+Borch-Jacobsen%3B+translated+by+Catherine+Porter&rft.aulast=Roustang&rft.btitle=The+Freudian+subject&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-333-48986-4&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DGjqsAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA271&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Costello, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=ZabEx-Vyw-0C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">Hermeneutics and the psychoanalysis of religion</a>. Bern: Peter Lang. 2010: 72–77. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-0343-0124-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-0343-0124-4">ISBN 978-3-0343-0124-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.aulast=Costello&rft.btitle=Hermeneutics+and+the+psychoanalysis+of+religion&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-0343-0124-4&rft.pages=72-77&rft.place=Bern&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DZabEx-Vyw-0C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-78"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_78-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apollo-magazine.com/sigmund-freud-ancient-egypt-review/">Sigmund Freud's fascination with Egypt</a>. Apollo Magazine. 2019-08-13 [2020-01-05]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511091129/https://www.apollo-magazine.com/sigmund-freud-ancient-egypt-review/">存档</a>于2021-05-11） （美国英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=Sigmund+Freud%27s+fascination+with+Egypt&rft.date=2019-08-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apollo+Magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apollo-magazine.com%2Fsigmund-freud-ancient-egypt-review%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-79"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_79-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_0814730515">Reading Freud's reading</a>. Gilman, Sander L. New York: New York University Press. 1994: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_0814730515/page/266">266</a>–287. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-8147-3051-5" title="Special:网络书源/0-8147-3051-5">ISBN 0-8147-3051-5</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/28114291">OCLC 28114291</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.btitle=Reading+Freud%27s+reading&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8147-3051-5&rft.pages=266-287&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_0814730515&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28114291&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Frosh, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicsofpsycho0000fros">The Politics of Psychoanalysis</a>. London: Macmillan. 1987: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicsofpsycho0000fros/page/1">1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-333-39614-6" title="Special:网络书源/0-333-39614-6">ISBN 0-333-39614-6</a>. <q>one of the strongest influences on twentieth-century thought, its impact comparable only to that of Darwinism and Marxism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.aulast=Frosh&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Psychoanalysis&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-333-39614-6&rft.pages=1&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticsofpsycho0000fros&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Ellenberger, Henri F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveryofuncon00ellerich/page/546">The Discovery of the Unconscious: the History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry</a>. New York: Basic Books. 1970: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveryofuncon00ellerich/page/546">546</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-465-01673-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-465-01673-0">ISBN 978-0-465-01673-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.aufirst=Henri+F.&rft.aulast=Ellenberger&rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+the+Unconscious%3A+the+History+and+Evolution+of+Dynamic+Psychiatry&rft.date=1970&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-465-01673-0&rft.pages=546&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiscoveryofuncon00ellerich%2Fpage%2F546&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Kovel-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Kovel_82-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Kovel, Joel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completeguidetot0000kove_x8w2">A Complete Guide to Therapy</a>. London: Penguin Books. 1991: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completeguidetot0000kove_x8w2/page/96">96</a>, 123–35, 165–98. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-14-013631-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-14-013631-9">ISBN 978-0-14-013631-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.au=Kovel%2C+Joel&rft.btitle=A+Complete+Guide+to+Therapy&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-14-013631-9&rft.pages=96%2C+123-35%2C+165-98&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompleteguidetot0000kove_x8w2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Pick, Daniel (2015). Psychoanalysis: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kindle Edition. pp. 19, 121. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Solms, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6020924">The scientific standing of psychoanalysis</a>. BJPsych International. 2018, 15 (1): 5–8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6020924">PMC 6020924</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29953128">PMID 29953128</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1192%2Fbji.2017.4">doi:10.1192/bji.2017.4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=The+scientific+standing+of+psychoanalysis&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.aulast=Solms&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=BJPsych+International&rft.pages=5-8&rft.volume=15&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6020924&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6020924&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1192%2Fbji.2017.4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29953128&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Stevens, Richard. Freud and Psychoanalysis. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. 1985: 96. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-335-10180-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-335-10180-1">ISBN 978-0-335-10180-1</a>. <q>the number of relevant studies runs into thousands</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.btitle=Freud+and+Psychoanalysis&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-335-10180-1&rft.pages=96&rft.place=Milton+Keynes&rft.pub=Open+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <cite class="citation book">MacKinnon, Donald W.; Dukes, William F. Postman, Leo , 编. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/psychologyinmaki00postrich">Psychology in the Making: Histories of Selected Research Problems</a>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1962: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/psychologyinmaki00postrich/page/663">663</a>, 703. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-866224-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-866224-2">ISBN 978-0-19-866224-2</a>. <q>independent of experimental verification</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.au=Dukes%2C+William+F.&rft.au=MacKinnon%2C+Donald+W.&rft.btitle=Psychology+in+the+Making%3A+Histories+of+Selected+Research+Problems&rft.date=1962&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-866224-2&rft.pages=663%2C+703&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpsychologyinmaki00postrich&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FisherandGreenberg-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FisherandGreenberg_87-0">^</a> Fisher, Seymour & Greenberg, Roger P. Freud Scientifically Reappraised: Testing the Theories and Therapy. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1996, pp. 13–15, 284–85 </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Eysenck, Hans. Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire. Harmondsworth: Pelican. 1986: 202.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.au=Eysenck%2C+Hans&rft.btitle=Decline+and+Fall+of+the+Freudian+Empire&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=202&rft.place=Harmondsworth&rft.pub=Pelican&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Malcolm Macmillan, Freud Evaluated: The Completed Arc, MIT Press, 1997, p. xxiii. 引用：Freud's method is not capable of yielding objective data about mental processes </li> <li id="cite_note-Webster-90"><a href="#cite_ref-Webster_90-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Webster, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whyfreudwaswrong0000rich">Why Freud Was Wrong: Sin, Science and Psychoanalysis</a>. Oxford: The Orwell Press. 2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whyfreudwaswrong0000rich/page/12">12</a>, 437. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-9515922-5-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-9515922-5-0">ISBN 978-0-9515922-5-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.btitle=Why+Freud+Was+Wrong%3A+Sin%2C+Science+and+Psychoanalysis&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-9515922-5-0&rft.pages=12%2C+437&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=The+Orwell+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhyfreudwaswrong0000rich&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Popper-91"><a href="#cite_ref-Popper_91-0">^</a> Popper, Karl. Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. London: Routledge and Keagan Paul, 1963, pp. 33–39 </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Eysenck, Hans, Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire Harmondsworth: Pelican, 1986, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Grünbaum, A. The Foundations of Psychoanalysis: A Philosophical Critique. University of California Press, 1984, pp. 97–126. </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Roger Scruton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sexualdesirephil0000scru">Sexual Desire: A Philosophical Investigation</a>. Phoenix Books. 1994: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sexualdesirephil0000scru/page/n212">201</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-85799-100-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-85799-100-0">ISBN 978-1-85799-100-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.au=Roger+Scruton&rft.btitle=Sexual+Desire%3A+A+Philosophical+Investigation&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-85799-100-0&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=Phoenix+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsexualdesirephil0000scru&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Nathan G. Hale, The Rise and Crisis of Psychoanalysis in the United States, 1917–1985, Oxford University Press, 1995 (pp. 300–21). </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Alan A. Stone, "Where Will Psychoanalysis Survive?" Keynote address to the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 9 December 1995. <cite class="citation web">Alan A. Stone, M.D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://harvardmagazine.com/1997/01/original.html">Original Address</a>. [2012-11-22]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130327083025/http://harvardmagazine.com/1997/01/original.html">存档</a>于2013-03-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.au=Alan+A.+Stone%2C+M.D&rft.btitle=Original+Address&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fharvardmagazine.com%2F1997%2F01%2Foriginal.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Paul E. Stepansky, Psychoanalysis at the Margins, 2009, New York: Other Press, pp. 11, 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Haggbloom, Steven J.; Warnick, Renee; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Yarbrough, Gary L.; Russell, Tenea M.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; Powell III, John L.; Beavers, Jamie; Monte, Emmanuelle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug02/eminent.aspx">The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century</a>. Review of General Psychology. 2002, 6 (2): 139–152 [2020-05-11]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F1089-2680.6.2.139">doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170129035801/http://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug02/eminent.aspx">存档</a>于2017-01-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&rft.atitle=The+100+most+eminent+psychologists+of+the+20th+century&rft.au=Beavers%2C+Jamie&rft.au=Borecky%2C+Chris+M.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Vinessa+K.&rft.au=McGahhey%2C+Reagan&rft.au=Monte%2C+Emmanuelle&rft.au=Powell+III%2C+John+L.&rft.au=Russell%2C+Tenea+M.&rft.au=Warnick%2C+Jason+E.&rft.au=Warnick%2C+Renee&rft.au=Yarbrough%2C+Gary+L.&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rft.aulast=Haggbloom&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Review+of+General+Psychology&rft.pages=139-152&rft.volume=6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fmonitor%2Fjulaug02%2Feminent.aspx&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F1089-2680.6.2.139&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接">外部链接</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：外部链接">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相關的多媒體資源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" class="extiw" title="commons:Sigmund Freud">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</a>（<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sigmund_Freud" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sigmund Freud">分類</a>）</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD%E5%BD%95" title="维基语录">维基语录</a>上的<a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/西格蒙德·弗洛伊德">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德语录</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="大英百科全书">大英百科全书</a>》中的条目：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/Sigmund-Freud">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</a>（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/author/Sigmund+Freud">佛洛伊德的作品</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%A8%B0%E5%A0%A1%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="古騰堡計劃">古騰堡計劃</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/10017.Sigmund_Freud">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</a> at <a href="/wiki/Goodreads" title="Goodreads">Goodreads</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.douban.com/personage/27291590/">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德在豆瓣上的资料</a>（简体中文） <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9215#P12836" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其它">其它</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：其它">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.8bei8.com/book/wenku/mengdejiexi.html">弗洛伊德《梦的解析》全文在线阅读 (简繁体中文白话翻译)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201019091842/http://www.8bei8.com/book/wenku/mengdejiexi.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051121005151/http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/phil/psychology/ScientificMethodInTheInterpretationOfDreams/Chap1.html">解梦的科学方法</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051222221455/http://books.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,4445608-99939,00.html">Scientist or storyteller?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lichtensteiger.de/freud.html">佛洛伊德 Chronologie (dt.) at www.lichtensteiger.de</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210511090228/http://www.lichtensteiger.de/freud.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051227055852/http://www.positivehealth.com/permit/Articles/Regular/litt55.htm">弗洛伊德百年</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atheisme.free.fr/Biographies/Freud_e.htm">佛洛伊德传记与 Quotations</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210502084204/http://atheisme.free.fr/Biographies/Freud_e.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060219045745/http://www.britannica.com/original?content_id=1309">弗洛伊德的精神分析文章from 1926 (Thirteenth) edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/search/keyword.asp?kid=2196">佛洛伊德心理学与犹太教</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070806082615/http://www.chabad.org/search/keyword.asp?kid=2196">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028005549/http://www.books.com.tw/magazine/item/ylmag/ylmag0617.htm">佛洛伊德重出江湖</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="西格蒙德·弗洛伊德" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="Template:弗洛伊德"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:弗洛伊德（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:弗洛伊德"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="西格蒙德·弗洛伊德" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">书籍</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%BA%E5%A4%B1%E8%AF%AD%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="论失语症（页面不存在）">《论失语症》</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Aphasia" class="extiw" title="en:On Aphasia">On Aphasia</a>） (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%94%E7%97%87%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="癔症研究">《癔症研究》</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A2%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90" title="夢的解析">《释梦》</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E7%9A%84%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%97%85%E5%AD%B8" title="日常生活的精神病學">《日常生活的心理病理学》</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%99%E8%B0%90%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E4%B8%8E%E6%97%A0%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="诙谐及其与无意识的关系">《诙谐及其与无意识的关系》</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E8%85%BE%E4%B8%8E%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C" title="图腾与禁忌">《图腾与禁忌》</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%BC%95%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析引论（页面不存在）">《精神分析引论》</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Psychoanalysis" class="extiw" title="en:Introduction to Psychoanalysis">Introduction to Psychoanalysis</a>） (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析运动史（页面不存在）">《精神分析运动史》</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_History_of_the_Psychoanalytic_Movement" class="extiw" title="en:The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement">The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement</a>） (1917)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%A4%E4%BD%93%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E5%AF%B9%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="群体心理学与对自我的分析（页面不存在）">《群体心理学与对自我的分析》</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_Psychology_and_the_Analysis_of_the_Ego" class="extiw" title="en:Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego">Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego</a>） (1921)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%91%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="我与它（页面不存在）">《我与它》</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ego_and_the_Id" class="extiw" title="en:The Ego and the Id">The Ego and the Id</a>） (1923)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9A%E4%BD%99%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="业余精神分析问题（页面不存在）">《业余精神分析问题》</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Question_of_Lay_Analysis" class="extiw" title="en:The Question of Lay Analysis">The Question of Lay Analysis</a>） (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E5%B9%BB%E8%A6%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86" title="一個幻覺的未來">《一个幻觉的未来》</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8D%E9%80%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文明中的不适（页面不存在）">《文明中的不适》</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilization_and_Its_Discontents" class="extiw" title="en:Civilization and Its Discontents">Civilization and Its Discontents</a>） (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="摩西与一神教">《摩西与一神教》</a> (1939)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文章</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%94%E7%97%87%E7%9A%84%E7%97%85%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="癔症的病因学（页面不存在）">“癔症的病因学”</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Aetiology_of_Hysteria" class="extiw" title="en:The Aetiology of Hysteria">The Aetiology of Hysteria</a>） (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%89%E8%AE%BA" title="性学三论">《性欲三论》</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E6%A3%AE%E3%80%8A%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%AA%E7%93%A6%E3%80%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%A6%84%E6%83%B3%E4%B8%8E%E6%A2%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詹森《格拉迪瓦》里的妄想与梦（页面不存在）">“詹森〈格拉迪瓦〉里的妄想与梦”</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delusion_and_Dream_in_Jensen%27s_Gradiva" class="extiw" title="en:Delusion and Dream in Jensen's Gradiva">Delusion and Dream in Jensen's Gradiva</a>） (1907)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9B%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E4%B8%8E%E7%99%BD%E6%97%A5%E6%A2%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="创作者与白日梦（页面不存在）">“创作者与白日梦”</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Writers_and_Day-Dreaming" class="extiw" title="en:Creative Writers and Day-Dreaming">Creative Writers and Day-Dreaming</a>） (1908)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E8%8A%AC%E5%A5%87%E5%AF%B9%E7%AB%A5%E5%B9%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%9E%E5%BF%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达芬奇对童年的回忆（页面不存在）">“达芬奇对童年的回忆”</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci,_A_Memory_of_His_Childhood" class="extiw" title="en:Leonardo da Vinci, A Memory of His Childhood">Leonardo da Vinci, A Memory of His Childhood</a>） (1910)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%BA%E8%87%AA%E6%81%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="论自恋（页面不存在）">“论自恋”</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Narcissism" class="extiw" title="en:On Narcissism">On Narcissism</a>） (1914)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析运动史（页面不存在）">“精神分析运动史”</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_History_of_the_Psychoanalytic_Movement" class="extiw" title="en:The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement">The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement</a>） (1914)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%AD%E9%81%87%E5%88%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%87%A0%E7%A7%8D%E6%80%A7%E6%A0%BC%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析工作中遇到的几种性格类型（页面不存在）">“精神分析工作中遇到的几种性格类型”</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Some_Character-Types_Met_with_in_Psycho-Analytic_Work" class="extiw" title="en:Some Character-Types Met with in Psycho-Analytic Work">Some Character-Types Met with in Psycho-Analytic Work</a>） (1915)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%AE%E5%89%8D%E5%AF%B9%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E4%B8%8E%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%8B%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="目前对战争与死亡的看法（页面不存在）">“目前对战争与死亡的看法”</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoughts_for_the_Times_on_War_and_Death" class="extiw" title="en:Thoughts for the Times on War and Death">Thoughts for the Times on War and Death</a>） (1916)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%80%E6%82%BC%E4%B8%8E%E5%BF%A7%E9%83%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哀悼与忧郁（页面不存在）">“哀悼与忧郁”</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mourning_and_Melancholia" class="extiw" title="en:Mourning and Melancholia">Mourning and Melancholia</a>） (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%B6%8A%E5%BF%AB%E6%A8%82%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="超越快樂原則">《超越快乐原则》</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E6%9D%9C%E8%8E%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美杜莎的头（页面不存在）">“美杜莎的头”</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa%27s_Head" class="extiw" title="en:Medusa's Head">Medusa's Head</a>） (1922)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%9C%E6%96%AF%E5%A6%A5%E4%B9%9F%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E8%88%87%E5%BC%92%E7%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杜斯妥也夫斯基與弒父（页面不存在）">“杜斯妥也夫斯基與弒父”</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dostoevsky_and_Parricide" class="extiw" title="en:Dostoevsky and Parricide">Dostoevsky and Parricide</a>） (1928)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">案例</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%B5%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朵拉（页面不存在）">朵拉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dora_(case_study)" class="extiw" title="en:Dora (case study)">Dora (case study)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E7%8E%9B%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃玛·埃克斯坦（页面不存在）">埃玛</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Eckstein" class="extiw" title="en:Emma Eckstein">Emma Eckstein</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫伯特·格拉夫（页面不存在）">小汉斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Graf" class="extiw" title="en:Herbert Graf">Herbert Graf</a>） (赫伯特·格拉夫)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E7%8E%9B%E6%89%93%E9%92%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊玛打针（页面不存在）">伊玛打针</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irma%27s_injection" class="extiw" title="en:Irma's injection">Irma's injection</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E5%B9%B3%E6%B5%B7%E5%A7%86" title="贝尔莎·帕平海姆">安娜·O</a> (贝尔塔·帕本海姆)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BC%A0%E4%BA%BA_(%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鼠人 (弗洛伊德)（页面不存在）">鼠人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rat_Man" class="extiw" title="en:Rat Man">Rat Man</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%C2%B7%E6%BD%98%E5%85%8B%E6%9D%B0%E5%A4%AB" title="谢尔盖·潘克杰夫">狼人</a> (谢尔盖·潘克杰夫)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E7%91%9E%E4%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹尼尔·保罗·施瑞伯（页面不存在）">施瑞伯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Paul_Schreber" class="extiw" title="en:Daniel Paul Schreber">Daniel Paul Schreber</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="精神分析学">精神分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%91%E3%80%81%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E4%B8%8E%E8%B6%85%E6%88%91" title="本我、自我与超我">“它”、自我与超我</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%86%B2%E5%8A%A8" title="性冲动">性冲动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86" title="前意识">前意识</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E7%90%86%E6%83%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自我理想（页面不存在）">自我理想</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ego_ideal" class="extiw" title="en:Ego ideal">Ego ideal</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5_(%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="审查 (精神分析)（页面不存在）">审查</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_(psychoanalysis)" class="extiw" title="en:Censorship (psychoanalysis)">Censorship (psychoanalysis)</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%81%94%E6%83%B3" title="自由联想">自由联想</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E6%83%85" title="移情">转移</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95" title="性心理發展">性心理發展</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E6%AC%B2%E6%9C%9F" title="口欲期">口欲期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9B%E6%AC%B2%E6%9C%9F" title="肛欲期">肛欲期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E8%95%BE%E6%9C%9F" title="性蕾期">性蕾期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E4%BC%8F%E6%9C%9F_(%E6%80%A7%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95)" title="潛伏期 (性心理發展)">潜伏期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E6%9C%9F" title="生殖期">生殖期</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%8B%E6%AF%8D%E6%83%85%E7%BB%93" title="恋母情结">俄狄浦斯情结</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%80%E7%88%B6%E6%83%85%E7%B5%90" title="戀父情結">恋父情结</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%B6%E8%BF%9F%E6%9C%8D%E4%BB%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="延迟服从（页面不存在）">延迟服从</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferred_obedience" class="extiw" title="en:Deferred obedience">Deferred obedience</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="現實原則">現實原則</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%B1%E5%A5%B8%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="诱奸理论（页面不存在）">诱奸理论</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freud%27s_seduction_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Freud's seduction theory">Freud's seduction theory</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E4%B9%A6%E7%9B%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西格蒙德·弗洛伊德书目（页面不存在）">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德书目</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud_bibliography" class="extiw" title="en:Sigmund Freud bibliography">Sigmund Freud bibliography</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E5%85%A8%E9%9B%86%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%89%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西格蒙德·弗洛伊德心理学作品全集标准版（页面不存在）">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德心理学作品全集标准版</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Standard_Edition_of_the_Complete_Psychological_Works_of_Sigmund_Freud" class="extiw" title="en:The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud">The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西格蒙德·弗洛伊德档案（页面不存在）">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德档案</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud_Archives" class="extiw" title="en:Sigmund Freud Archives">Sigmund Freud Archives</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86_(%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3)" title="弗洛伊德博物馆 (维也纳)">弗洛伊德博物馆 (维也纳)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="弗洛伊德博物馆">弗洛伊德博物馆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%BC%8F%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF" title="弗洛伊德式错误">弗洛伊德式错误</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%BD%E9%BB%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗洛伊德的幽默（页面不存在）">弗洛伊德的幽默</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humor_in_Freud" class="extiw" title="en:Humor in Freud">Humor in Freud</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析秘密委员会（页面不存在）">精神分析秘密委员会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_circle_(psychoanalysis)" class="extiw" title="en:Inner circle (psychoanalysis)">Inner circle (psychoanalysis)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新弗洛伊德主义（页面不存在）">新弗洛伊德主义</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Freudianism" class="extiw" title="en:Neo-Freudianism">Neo-Freudianism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%81%8B%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%8B%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗洛伊德关于同性恋的看法（页面不存在）">弗洛伊德关于同性恋的看法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud%27s_views_on_homosexuality" class="extiw" title="en:Sigmund Freud's views on homosexuality">Sigmund Freud's views on homosexuality</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%8B%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗洛伊德关于宗教的看法（页面不存在）">弗洛伊德关于宗教的看法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud%27s_views_on_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Sigmund Freud's views on religion">Sigmund Freud's views on religion</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">影视</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%EF%BC%9A%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E7%9A%84%E6%BF%80%E6%83%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗洛伊德：秘密的激情（页面不存在）">弗洛伊德：秘密的激情</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freud:_The_Secret_Passion" class="extiw" title="en:Freud: The Secret Passion">Freud: The Secret Passion</a>） (1962年电影)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%BF%E5%AE%A2_(%E6%88%8F%E5%89%A7)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="访客 (戏剧)（页面不存在）">访客</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Visitor_(play)" class="extiw" title="en:The Visitor (play)">The Visitor (play)</a>） (1993年戏剧)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E5%8F%91%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E9%A9%AC%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙发上的马勒（页面不存在）">沙发上的马勒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahler_on_the_Couch" class="extiw" title="en:Mahler on the Couch">Mahler on the Couch</a>） (2010年电影)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%A9%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="危险方法（页面不存在）">危险方法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Dangerous_Method" class="extiw" title="en:A Dangerous Method">A Dangerous Method</a>） (2011年电影)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7_(%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%89%A7)" title="弗洛伊德 (电视剧)">弗洛伊德</a> (2020年电视剧)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗洛伊德家族（页面不存在）">家族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freud_family" class="extiw" title="en:Freud family">Freud family</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%9B%E8%8E%8E%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玛莎·伯纳斯（页面不存在）">玛莎·伯纳斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Bernays" class="extiw" title="en:Martha Bernays">Martha Bernays</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="安娜·弗洛伊德">安娜·弗洛伊德</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恩斯特·弗洛伊德（页面不存在）">恩斯特·弗洛伊德</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_L._Freud" class="extiw" title="en:Ernst L. Freud">Ernst L. Freud</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E9%97%A8%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克莱门特·弗洛伊德（页面不存在）">克莱门特·弗洛伊德</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_Freud" class="extiw" title="en:Clement Freud">Clement Freud</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="盧西安·弗洛伊德">盧西安·弗洛伊德</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦尔特·弗洛伊德（页面不存在）">瓦尔特·弗洛伊德</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Freud" class="extiw" title="en:Walter Freud">Walter Freud</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿玛利亚·弗洛伊德（页面不存在）">阿玛利亚·弗洛伊德</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalia_Freud" class="extiw" title="en:Amalia Freud">Amalia Freud</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅各布·弗洛伊德（页面不存在）">雅各布·弗洛伊德</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Freud" class="extiw" title="en:Jacob Freud">Jacob Freud</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF" title="愛德華·伯內斯">愛德華·伯內斯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E9%A3%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约飞（页面不存在）">约飞</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jofi" class="extiw" title="en:Jofi">Jofi</a>） (狗)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="精神分析" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="Template:精神分析"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:精神分析（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:精神分析"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="精神分析" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="精神分析学">精神分析</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">背景</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析史（页面不存在）">历史</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_la_psychanalyse" class="extiw" title="fr:Histoire de la psychanalyse">Histoire de la psychanalyse</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%83%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="元心理学（页面不存在）">元心理学</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tapsychologie" class="extiw" title="fr:Métapsychologie">Métapsychologie</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析治疗（页面不存在）">治疗</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cure_psychanalytique" class="extiw" title="fr:Cure psychanalytique">Cure psychanalytique</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%8E%B0%E7%8A%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析现状（页面不存在）">现状</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychanalyse_dans_le_monde" class="extiw" title="fr:Psychanalyse dans le monde">Psychanalyse dans le monde</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析在德国（页面不存在）">德国</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychanalyse_en_Allemagne" class="extiw" title="fr:Psychanalyse en Allemagne">Psychanalyse en Allemagne</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%9C%A8%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析在法国（页面不存在）">法国</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychanalyse_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Psychanalyse en France">Psychanalyse en France</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析在中国（页面不存在）">中国</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%9C%A8%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析在英国（页面不存在）">英国</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychanalyse_en_Grande-Bretagne" class="extiw" title="fr:Psychanalyse en Grande-Bretagne">Psychanalyse en Grande-Bretagne</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%9C%A8%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析在瑞士（页面不存在）">瑞士</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychanalyse_en_Suisse" class="extiw" title="fr:Psychanalyse en Suisse">Psychanalyse en Suisse</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="精神分析学">学派</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%B8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析师（页面不存在）">精神分析师</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychanalyst" class="extiw" title="en:Psychanalyst">Psychanalyst</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86" class="mw-redirect" title="无意识">无意识</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:精神分析概念（页面不存在）">概念</a> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%97%E5%BC%83%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遗弃综合症（页面不存在）">缺失客体焦虑</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_d%27abandon" class="extiw" title="fr:Syndrome d'abandon">Syndrome d'abandon</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神现实（页面不存在）">精神现实</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9alit%C3%A9_psychique" class="extiw" title="fr:Réalité psychique">Réalité psychique</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E6%83%B3_(%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="幻想 (心理学)">幻想 (心理学)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9D%E5%B9%BB%E6%83%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原初幻想（页面不存在）">原初幻想</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasme_originaire" class="extiw" title="fr:Fantasme originaire">Fantasme originaire</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%B1%E5%A5%B8%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="诱奸理论（页面不存在）">诱奸理论</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie_de_la_s%C3%A9duction" class="extiw" title="fr:Théorie de la séduction">Théorie de la séduction</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E8%AF%B1%E5%A5%B8%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一般诱奸理论（页面不存在）">一般诱奸理论</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie_de_la_s%C3%A9duction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralis%C3%A9e" class="extiw" title="fr:Théorie de la séduction généralisée">Théorie de la séduction généralisée</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BC%E5%84%BF%E6%80%A7%E6%AC%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="幼儿性欲">幼儿性欲</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%88%B1%E6%AC%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自爱欲（页面不存在）">自爱欲</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto%C3%A9rotisme" class="extiw" title="fr:Autoérotisme">Autoérotisme</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E6%AC%B2%E6%9C%9F" title="口欲期">口欲期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9B%E6%AC%B2%E6%9C%9F" title="肛欲期">肛欲期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%99%A8%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="性器期">性器期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E4%BC%8F%E6%9C%9F_(%E6%80%A7%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95)" title="潛伏期 (性心理發展)">潜伏期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E6%9C%9F" title="生殖期">生殖期</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9D%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原初场景（页面不存在）">原初场景</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E8%99%90%E7%8B%82" class="mw-redirect" title="受虐狂">原初场景 (受虐狂)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%9C%E5%AD%90%E9%98%B6%E6%AE%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="镜子阶段（页面不存在）">镜子阶段</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E8%A3%85%E7%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神装置（页面不存在）">精神装置</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appareil_psychique" class="extiw" title="fr:Appareil psychique">Appareil psychique</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梦的工作（页面不存在）">梦的工作</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreamwork" class="extiw" title="en:Dreamwork">Dreamwork</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%80%E8%A1%8C" title="退行">倒退</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%BA%E4%BD%8D%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一区位论（页面不存在）">第一区位论</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86" title="意识">意识</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86" title="前意识">前意识</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86" class="mw-redirect" title="无意识">无意识</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8C%BA%E4%BD%8D%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二区位论（页面不存在）">第二区位论</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%91" class="mw-redirect" title="本我">“它”</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91_(%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="自我 (心理學)">自我</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%88%91" class="mw-redirect" title="超我">超我</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E6%AF%94%E5%A4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="力比多">力比多</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%81%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="自恋">自恋</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E8%87%AA%E6%81%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原自恋（页面不存在）">原自恋</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E7%90%86%E6%83%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自我理想（页面不存在）">自我理想</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%83%B3%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理想自我（页面不存在）">理想自我</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E5%B0%8F%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%E7%9A%84%E8%87%AA%E6%81%8B" title="对小区别的自恋">对小区别的自恋</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E6%83%85" title="移情">转移</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E6%83%85" title="移情">转移神经症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%A7%BB%E6%83%85" class="mw-redirect" title="反移情">反转移</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E5%8D%8E_(%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="升华 (心理学)">升华</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97_(%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抵抗 (心理学)（页面不存在）">抵抗</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%B2%E5%BE%A1%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="防御机制（页面不存在）">防御机制</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%AB%E4%B9%90%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="快乐原则（页面不存在）">快乐原则</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="現實原則">现实原则</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B2%E5%8A%A8_(%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冲动 (精神分析)（页面不存在）">冲动</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E5%86%B2%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="死冲动（页面不存在）">死冲动</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%86%B2%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生冲动（页面不存在）">生冲动</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%91%E9%83%81%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抑郁位置（页面不存在）">抑郁位置</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_d%C3%A9pressive" class="extiw" title="fr:Position dépressive">Position dépressive</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%8B%84%E6%B5%A6%E6%96%AF%E6%83%85%E7%BB%93" class="mw-redirect" title="俄狄浦斯情结">俄狄浦斯情结</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%89%E5%89%B2%E6%83%85%E7%BB%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阉割情结（页面不存在）">阉割情结</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%B4%E8%8C%8E%E5%AB%89%E5%A6%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阴茎嫉妒（页面不存在）">阴茎嫉妒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B6%E5%90%8D_(%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="父名 (精神分析)（页面不存在）">父名</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%83%E7%BB%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弃绝（页面不存在）">弃绝</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9E%E5%9C%A8%E3%80%81%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E3%80%81%E6%83%B3%E8%B1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="实在、符号、想象（页面不存在）">实在、符号、想象</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9el,_symbolique_et_imaginaire" class="extiw" title="fr:Réel, symbolique et imaginaire">Réel, symbolique et imaginaire</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%9B%E7%9B%BE%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="矛盾情感（页面不存在）">矛盾情感</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%97%85" class="mw-disambig" title="精神病">精神病</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" class="mw-redirect" title="精神分裂">精神分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E6%89%A7%E7%8B%82" class="mw-redirect" title="偏执狂">偏执狂</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%80%92%E9%94%99" title="性倒错">性倒错</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%97%87" title="神经症">神经症</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%94%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="癔症">癔症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%83%A7%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="恐惧症">恐惧症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E8%BF%AB%E7%97%87" title="强迫症">强迫症</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E5%B0%84" title="投射">投射</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E6%91%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内摄（页面不存在）">内摄</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E5%81%8F%E6%89%A7%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分裂偏执位置（页面不存在）">分裂偏执位置</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_schizo-parano%C3%AFde" class="extiw" title="fr:Position schizo-paranoïde">Position schizo-paranoïde</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%95%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%AE%A4%E5%90%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="投射性认同（页面不存在）">投射性认同</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identification_projective" class="extiw" title="fr:Identification projective">Identification projective</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自我的分裂（页面不存在）">自我的分裂</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clivage_du_Moi" class="extiw" title="fr:Clivage du Moi">Clivage du Moi</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%A6%E8%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="否认（页面不存在）">否认</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8B%E5%90%8E%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="事后效应（页面不存在）">事后效应</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apr%C3%A8s-coup" class="extiw" title="fr:Après-coup">Après-coup</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%81%94%E6%83%B3" title="自由联想">自由联想</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="自行分析">自行分析</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%AC%E6%B5%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悬浮的注意力（页面不存在）">悬浮的注意力</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_flottante_(psychanalyse)" class="extiw" title="fr:Attention flottante (psychanalyse)">Attention flottante (psychanalyse)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%A1%E5%AB%89%E4%B8%8E%E6%84%9F%E6%81%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羡嫉与感恩（页面不存在）">羡嫉与感恩</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envie_et_gratitude_(psychanalyse)" class="extiw" title="fr:Envie et gratitude (psychanalyse)">Envie et gratitude (psychanalyse)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%AE%E9%80%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="修通（页面不存在）">修通</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlaboration" class="extiw" title="fr:Perlaboration">Perlaboration</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%8B%E6%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="压抑">压抑</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%8E%8B%E6%8A%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原压抑（页面不存在）">原压抑</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refoulement_originaire" class="extiw" title="fr:Refoulement originaire">Refoulement originaire</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%8F%E8%AE%B0%E5%BF%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="屏记忆（页面不存在）">屏记忆</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souvenir-%C3%A9cran" class="extiw" title="fr:Souvenir-écran">Souvenir-écran</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%83%B3%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理想化（页面不存在）">理想化</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id%C3%A9alisation_(psychanalyse)" class="extiw" title="fr:Idéalisation (psychanalyse)">Idéalisation (psychanalyse)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A4%E5%90%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="认同（页面不存在）">认同</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identification_(psychanalyse)" class="extiw" title="fr:Identification (psychanalyse)">Identification (psychanalyse)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A4%E5%90%8C%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="认同侵犯者（页面不存在）">认同侵犯者</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identification_%C3%A0_l%27agresseur" class="extiw" title="fr:Identification à l'agresseur">Identification à l'agresseur</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">流派</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>欧洲 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E5%85%B0%E5%A6%AE%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅兰妮·克莱因（页面不存在）">克莱因派</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Klein" class="extiw" title="fr:Melanie Klein">Melanie Klein</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B2%A1" title="雅各·拉岡">拉康派</a></li></ul></li> <li>美洲 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="自我心理学">自我心理学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E4%BD%93%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自体心理学（页面不存在）">自体心理学</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self_psychology" class="extiw" title="fr:Self psychology">Self psychology</a>）</li></ul></li> <li>异己 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="分析心理学">荣格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92" class="mw-disambig" title="阿德勒">阿德勒</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%B8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:精神分析师（页面不存在）">精神分析师</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡尔·亚伯拉罕（页面不存在）">卡尔·亚伯拉罕</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Abraham" class="extiw" title="fr:Karl Abraham">Karl Abraham</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8E%8E%E4%B9%90%E7%BE%8E" title="露·安德烈亚斯·莎乐美">露·安德烈亚斯·莎乐美</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%AA%E8%BF%AA%E5%9F%83%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E9%BD%90%E5%8E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迪迪埃·安齐厄（页面不存在）">迪迪埃·安齐厄</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didier_Anzieu" class="extiw" title="fr:Didier Anzieu">Didier Anzieu</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E8%80%B6%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%8B%89%E6%B6%85%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮耶拉·奥拉涅尔（页面不存在）">皮耶拉·奥拉涅尔</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piera_Aulagnier" class="extiw" title="fr:Piera Aulagnier">Piera Aulagnier</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E6%99%AE%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E6%98%82" title="威尔弗雷德·鲁普莱希特·比昂">威尔弗雷德·鲁普莱希特·比昂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%BF%E5%B7%B4" title="瑪麗·波拿巴">瑪麗·波拿巴</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%B0%BC%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E6%96%AF%E7%9B%96-%E6%96%AF%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅尼娜·夏斯盖-斯米尔格尔（页面不存在）">雅尼娜·夏斯盖-斯米尔格尔</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janine_Chasseguet-Smirgel" class="extiw" title="fr:Janine Chasseguet-Smirgel">Janine Chasseguet-Smirgel</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗朗索瓦兹·多尔多（页面不存在）">弗朗索瓦兹·多尔多</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dolto" class="extiw" title="fr:Françoise Dolto">Françoise Dolto</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE" title="爱利克·埃里克森">爱利克·埃里克森</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E5%88%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧拉西·切格言（页面不存在）">奧拉西·切格言</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horacio_Etchegoyen" class="extiw" title="fr:Horacio Etchegoyen">Horacio Etchegoyen</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A6%AE%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="妮可·法布尔（页面不存在）">妮可·法布尔</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Fabre" class="extiw" title="fr:Nicole Fabre">Nicole Fabre</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E7%99%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保罗·费登（页面不存在）">保罗·费登</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Federn" class="extiw" title="fr:Paul Federn">Paul Federn</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E7%99%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恩斯特·费登（页面不存在）">恩斯特·费登</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Federn" class="extiw" title="fr:Ernst Federn">Ernst Federn</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E8%BF%AA%E9%81%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮埃爾·費迪達（页面不存在）">皮埃爾·費迪達</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_F%C3%A9dida" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre Fédida">Pierre Fédida</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E5%80%AB%E9%BD%8A" title="薩德·費倫齊">薩德·費倫齊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="安娜·弗洛伊德">安娜·弗洛伊德</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E9%87%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗兰·戈里（页面不存在）">罗兰·戈里</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Gori" class="extiw" title="fr:Roland Gori">Roland Gori</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%93%88%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗拉迪米爾·格哈諾夫（页面不存在）">弗拉迪米爾·格哈諾夫</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladimir_Granoff" class="extiw" title="fr:Wladimir Granoff">Wladimir Granoff</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E8%91%9B%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安德烈·葛林（页面不存在）">安德烈·葛林</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Green" class="extiw" title="fr:André Green">André Green</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%9B%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="热尔曼·盖（页面不存在）">热尔曼·盖</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaine_Guex" class="extiw" title="fr:Germaine Guex">Germaine Guex</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E7%BA%A6%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕特里克·居约马尔（页面不存在）">帕特里克·居约马尔</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Guyomard" class="extiw" title="fr:Patrick Guyomard">Patrick Guyomard</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%93%8A%E6%96%AF" title="歐內斯特·瓊斯">歐內斯特·瓊斯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E5%85%B0%E5%A6%AE%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅兰妮·克莱因（页面不存在）">梅兰妮·克莱因</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Klein" class="extiw" title="fr:Melanie Klein">Melanie Klein</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E8%83%A1%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海因茨·科胡特（页面不存在）">海因茨·科胡特</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_Kohut" class="extiw" title="fr:Heinz Kohut">Heinz Kohut</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B2%A1" title="雅各·拉岡">雅各·拉岡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E8%99%9B" title="尚·拉普朗虛">尚·拉普朗虛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%AF%BA%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫德·马诺尼（页面不存在）">莫德·马诺尼</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maud_Mannoni" class="extiw" title="fr:Maud Mannoni">Maud Mannoni</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%AF%BA%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥塔夫·马诺尼（页面不存在）">奥塔夫·马诺尼</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octave_Mannoni" class="extiw" title="fr:Octave Mannoni">Octave Mannoni</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E8%98%AD%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E9%9C%8D%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿蘭·德·米霍拉（页面不存在）">阿蘭·德·米霍拉</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_de_Mijolla" class="extiw" title="fr:Alain de Mijolla">Alain de Mijolla</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%A2%E8%8F%B2%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E9%9C%8D%E6%8B%89-%E6%A2%85%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="索菲·德·米霍拉-梅洛尔（页面不存在）">索菲·德·米霍拉-梅洛尔</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_de_Mijolla-Mellor" class="extiw" title="fr:Sophie de Mijolla-Mellor">Sophie de Mijolla-Mellor</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B-%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%8B%92" title="雅克-阿兰·米勒">雅克-阿兰·米勒</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%8A%AA%E6%81%A9%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫尔曼·努恩伯格（页面不存在）">赫尔曼·努恩伯格</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Nunberg" class="extiw" title="fr:Herman Nunberg">Herman Nunberg</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E4%BB%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗朗西斯·帕什（页面不存在）">弗朗西斯·帕什</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Pasche" class="extiw" title="fr:Francis Pasche">Francis Pasche</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%87%8C%E8%80%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗朗索瓦·佩里耶（页面不存在）">弗朗索瓦·佩里耶</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Perrier_(psychanalyste)" class="extiw" title="fr:François Perrier (psychanalyste)">François Perrier (psychanalyste)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97-%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1%E7%B1%B3%E8%80%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保罗-克洛德·拉卡米耶（页面不存在）">保罗-克洛德·拉卡米耶</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul-Claude_Racamier" class="extiw" title="fr:Paul-Claude Racamier">Paul-Claude Racamier</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B" title="奥托·兰克">奥托·兰克</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特奥多尔·雷克（页面不存在）">特奥多尔·雷克</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Reik" class="extiw" title="fr:Theodor Reik">Theodor Reik</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E8%BF%AA%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊丽莎白·鲁迪内斯库（页面不存在）">伊丽莎白·鲁迪内斯库</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Roudinesco" class="extiw" title="fr:Élisabeth Roudinesco">Élisabeth Roudinesco</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%8F%E5%85%8B" title="赫曼·羅夏克">赫曼·羅夏克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E7%A2%A9%E6%A5%B5" title="侯碩極">侯碩極</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅克·塞达（页面不存在）">雅克·塞达</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_S%C3%A9dat" class="extiw" title="fr:Jacques Sédat">Jacques Sédat</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汉娜·西格尔（页面不存在）">汉娜·西格尔</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna_Segal" class="extiw" title="fr:Hanna Segal">Hanna Segal</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="康拉德·斯坦因（页面不存在）">康拉德·斯坦因</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Stein" class="extiw" title="fr:Conrad Stein">Conrad Stein</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9" title="唐纳德·威尼科特">唐纳德·威尼科特</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E5%AF%B9%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:对精神分析的批判（页面不存在）">批判</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%9B%85%E5%86%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮埃尔·雅内（页面不存在）">皮埃尔·雅内</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Janet" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre Janet">Pierre Janet</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%8D%A3%E6%A0%BC" title="卡尔·荣格">卡尔·荣格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94" title="卡尔·波普尔">卡尔·波普尔</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%94%E8%B5%AB-%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米克尔·博尔赫-雅各布森（页面不存在）">米克尔·博尔赫-雅各布森</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikkel_Borch-Jacobsen" class="extiw" title="fr:Mikkel Borch-Jacobsen">Mikkel Borch-Jacobsen</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对精神分析的批判（页面不存在）">对精神分析的批判</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critiques_de_la_psychanalyse" class="extiw" title="fr:Critiques de la psychanalyse">Critiques de la psychanalyse</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E4%B8%8E%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A%E6%88%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:与精神分析有关的协会或组织（页面不存在）">组织</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="國際精神分析學會">國際精神分析學會</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲精神分析联合会（页面不存在）">欧洲精神分析联合会</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_europ%C3%A9enne_de_psychanalyse" class="extiw" title="fr:Fédération européenne de psychanalyse">Fédération européenne de psychanalyse</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际精神分析史协会（页面不存在）">国际精神分析史协会</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_internationale_d%27histoire_de_la_psychanalyse" class="extiw" title="fr:Association internationale d'histoire de la psychanalyse">Association internationale d'histoire de la psychanalyse</a>） （<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A8%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际精神分析互动协会（页面不存在）">国际精神分析互动协会</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_internationale_Interactions_de_la_psychanalyse" class="extiw" title="fr:Association internationale Interactions de la psychanalyse">Association internationale Interactions de la psychanalyse</a>））</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析在德国（页面不存在）">精神分析在德国</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychanalyse_en_Allemagne" class="extiw" title="fr:Psychanalyse en Allemagne">Psychanalyse en Allemagne</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%BD%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E7%96%97%E5%85%BB%E9%99%A2%EF%BC%8C%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%AF%8A%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="施洛斯·泰格尔疗养院，精神分析诊所（页面不存在）">施洛斯·泰格尔疗养院，精神分析诊所</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanatorium_Schloss_Tegel,_clinique_psychanalytique" class="extiw" title="fr:Sanatorium Schloss Tegel, clinique psychanalytique">Sanatorium Schloss Tegel, clinique psychanalytique</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德国精神分析学会（页面不存在）">德国精神分析学会</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_allemande_de_psychanalyse" class="extiw" title="fr:Société allemande de psychanalyse">Société allemande de psychanalyse</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柏林精神分析研究所（页面不存在）">柏林精神分析研究所</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_psychanalytique_de_Berlin" class="extiw" title="fr:Institut psychanalytique de Berlin">Institut psychanalytique de Berlin</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法兰克福精神分析研究所（页面不存在）">法兰克福精神分析研究所</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_psychanalytique_de_Francfort" class="extiw" title="fr:Institut psychanalytique de Francfort">Institut psychanalytique de Francfort</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英国精神分析学会（页面不存在）">英国精神分析学会</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_britannique_de_psychanalyse" class="extiw" title="fr:Société britannique de psychanalyse">Société britannique de psychanalyse</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑞士精神分析学会（页面不存在）">瑞士精神分析学会</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_suisse_de_psychanalyse" class="extiw" title="fr:Société suisse de psychanalyse">Société suisse de psychanalyse</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%9C%A8%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析在法国（页面不存在）">精神分析在法国</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychanalyse_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Psychanalyse en France">Psychanalyse en France</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴黎精神分析学会（页面不存在）">巴黎精神分析学会</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_psychanalytique_de_Paris" class="extiw" title="fr:Société psychanalytique de Paris">Société psychanalytique de Paris</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗洛伊德精神分析学会（页面不存在）">弗洛伊德精神分析学会</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_psychanalyse_freudienne" class="extiw" title="fr:Société de psychanalyse freudienne">Société de psychanalyse freudienne</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法国精神分析学会（页面不存在）">法国精神分析学会</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_fran%C3%A7aise_de_psychanalyse" class="extiw" title="fr:Société française de psychanalyse">Société française de psychanalyse</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴黎弗洛伊德学派（页面不存在）">巴黎弗洛伊德学派</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_freudienne_de_Paris" class="extiw" title="fr:École freudienne de Paris">École freudienne de Paris</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法国精神分析协会（页面不存在）">法国精神分析协会</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_psychanalytique_de_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Association psychanalytique de France">Association psychanalytique de France</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分析空间（页面不存在）">分析空间</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espace_analytique" class="extiw" title="fr:Espace analytique">Espace analytique</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%9B%A2%E9%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第四团队（页面不存在）">第四团队</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quatri%C3%A8me_Groupe" class="extiw" title="fr:Quatrième Groupe">Quatrième Groupe</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%B7%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉康精神分析协会（页面不存在）">拉康精神分析协会</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associations_lacaniennes_de_psychanalyse_(France)" class="extiw" title="fr:Associations lacaniennes de psychanalyse (France)">Associations lacaniennes de psychanalyse (France)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8B%E4%B8%9A%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗洛伊德事业学派（页面不存在）">弗洛伊德事业学派</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_de_la_cause_freudienne" class="extiw" title="fr:École de la cause freudienne">École de la cause freudienne</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神分析参考文献（页面不存在）">精神分析参考文献</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliographie_en_psychanalyse" class="extiw" title="fr:Bibliographie en psychanalyse">Bibliographie en psychanalyse</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E3%80%81%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%97%85%E5%AD%A6%E5%92%8C%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="心理学、精神病学和精神分析期刊列表（页面不存在）">心理学、精神病学和精神分析期刊列表</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_revues_de_psychologie,_de_psychiatrie_et_de_psychanalyse" class="extiw" title="fr:Liste des revues de psychologie, de psychiatrie et de psychanalyse">Liste des revues de psychologie, de psychiatrie et de psychanalyse</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="分析心理学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:分析心理學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:分析心理學"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:分析心理學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="分析心理学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="分析心理学">分析心理学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD-%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E4%B8%9D%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%8C%A8" title="玛丽-路易丝·冯·弗朗茨">瑪麗-路易絲·弗蘭絲</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%8D%A3%E6%A0%BC" title="卡尔·荣格">卡尔·荣格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E8%A5%BF" title="大衛·凱爾西">大衛·凱爾西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%8E%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%82%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF" title="伊莎貝爾·布里格斯·邁爾斯">伊莎貝爾·邁爾斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E7%91%9F%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E5%BA%AB%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="凱瑟琳·庫克·布里格斯">凯瑟琳·库克·布里格斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%A3%E6%A0%BC%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B" title="荣格原型">原型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E4%BD%93%E6%97%A0%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86" title="集体无意识">集体无意识</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" title="潛意識">个人无意识</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="宗教哲学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:宗教哲学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:宗教哲学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:宗教哲学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="宗教哲学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教哲学">宗教哲学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">宗教概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%86%E4%B8%96" title="來世">來世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E5%8F%99%E5%BC%97%E4%BC%A6%E5%9B%B0%E5%A2%83" title="游叙弗伦困境">尤西弗罗困境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="信仰">信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="智能设计">智能设计论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E8%B7%A1" title="奇跡">神迹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%AA%E6%83%A1%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="罪惡問題">罪恶问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E9%AD%82" title="灵魂">灵魂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E" title="精神">精神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA" title="神义论">神义论</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E7%84%A1%E7%94%A8%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神學無用論（页面不存在）">神學無用論</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theological_veto" class="extiw" title="en:Theological veto">Theological veto</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5" title="神的概念">神的概念</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚里士多德神学（页面不存在）">亚里士多德神学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotelian_theology" class="extiw" title="en:Aristotelian theology">Aristotelian theology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5" title="梵">梵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E5%8C%A0%E9%80%A0%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB" title="巨匠造物主">巨匠造物主</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E8%87%B3%E7%AE%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神圣至简（页面不存在）">神圣至简</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_simplicity" class="extiw" title="en:Divine simplicity">Divine simplicity</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="倫理利己主義">倫理利己主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%80" title="太一">太一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%9D%88" title="聖靈">聖靈</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%87%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="仇神論（页面不存在）">仇神論</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misotheism" class="extiw" title="en:Misotheism">Misotheism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="泛自然神論">泛自然神論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%A0%BC%E7%A5%9E" title="人格神">人格神</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B2%E7%A8%8B%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="進程神學（页面不存在）">進程神學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_theology" class="extiw" title="en:Process theology">Process theology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E_(%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99)" title="神 (一神教)">至高存在</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%B0%B1%E6%98%AF%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="神就是宇宙">神就是宇宙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%95%E7%9A%84%E5%8B%95%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不動的動者（页面不存在）">不動的動者</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmoved_mover" class="extiw" title="en:Unmoved mover">Unmoved mover</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">各信仰中的神</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E#儒教、道教、華人民間信仰" title="神">儒教、道教、華人民間信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚伯拉罕宗教中的神（页面不存在）">亚伯拉罕宗教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Abrahamic_religions" class="extiw" title="en:God in Abrahamic religions">God in Abrahamic religions</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E5%88%9B%E4%B8%96%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教的创世者（页面不存在）">佛教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:Creator in Buddhism">Creator in Buddhism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="基督教的神">基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度教的神（页面不存在）">印度教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" class="extiw" title="en:God in Hinduism">God in Hinduism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="伊斯兰教的神">伊斯兰教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耆那教的神（页面不存在）">耆那教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太教的神（页面不存在）">犹太教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Judaism" class="extiw" title="en:God in Judaism">God in Judaism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E9%97%A8%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩门教的神（页面不存在）">摩门教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Mormonism" class="extiw" title="en:God in Mormonism">God in Mormonism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="锡克教的神（页面不存在）">锡克教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Sikhism" class="extiw" title="en:God in Sikhism">God in Sikhism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="巴哈伊信仰的神">巴哈伊信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%AB%E6%9C%AF%E5%AF%B9%E7%A5%9E%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%8B%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巫术对神性的看法（页面不存在）">巫术</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiccan_views_of_divinity" class="extiw" title="en:Wiccan views of divinity">Wiccan views of divinity</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E6%80%A7" title="神的存在性">神的存在性</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">支持</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美论证（页面不存在）">美论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督论证（页面不存在）">基督论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意识论证（页面不存在）">意识论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宇宙学论证（页面不存在）">宇宙学论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="程度论证（页面不存在）">程度论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%B2%E6%9C%9B%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欲望论证（页面不存在）">欲望论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教经验论证（页面不存在）">宗教经验论证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E8%AB%96%E8%AD%89" title="愛論證">爱论证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E8%B9%9F%E8%AB%96%E8%AD%89" title="奇蹟論證">奇迹论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%BE%B7%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美德论证（页面不存在）">美德论证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81%E6%98%8E" title="本体论证明">本体论论证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E7%9A%84%E8%B3%AD%E6%B3%A8" title="帕斯卡的賭注">帕斯卡的賭注</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%88%E7%90%86%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="合理基础论证（页面不存在）">合理基础论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%99%BA%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理智论证（页面不存在）">理智论证</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%96%E8%AB%96%E8%AD%89" title="目的論論證">目的论论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超验主义关于神存在的论证（页面不存在）">超验主义关于神存在的论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%AE%E5%87%BB%E8%80%85%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="目击者论证（页面不存在）">目击者论证</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">反对</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%88%E6%9E%81%E6%B3%A2%E9%9F%B3747%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5" title="终极波音747策略">终极波音747策略</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E8%B5%8C%E6%B3%A8" title="无神论者的赌注">无神论者的赌注</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%AA%E6%83%A1%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="罪惡問題">伊壁鳩魯悖論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E8%88%87%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="自由意志與神學">自由意志悖論</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%8B%B1%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地狱问题（页面不存在）">地狱问题</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_Hell" class="extiw" title="en:Problem of Hell">Problem of Hell</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%80%E8%87%B4%E5%90%AF%E7%A4%BA%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="不一致启示论证">不一致启示论证</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无信仰论证（页面不存在）">无信仰论证</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_nonbelief" class="extiw" title="en:Argument from nonbelief">Argument from nonbelief</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%9D%9E%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神学語言非认知主义（页面不存在）">神学語言非认知主义</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theological_noncognitivism" class="extiw" title="en:Theological noncognitivism">Theological noncognitivism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E5%89%83%E5%88%80" title="奥卡姆剃刀">奥卡姆剃刀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E8%83%BD%E6%82%96%E8%AB%96" title="全能悖論">全能悖论</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%9A%E8%84%90%E5%81%87%E8%AE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肚脐假设（页面不存在）">肚脐假设</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omphalos_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:Omphalos hypothesis">Omphalos hypothesis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坏设计论证（页面不存在）">坏设计论证</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poor_design" class="extiw" title="en:Poor design">Poor design</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E8%8C%B6%E5%A3%BA" title="羅素的茶壺">羅素的茶壺</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E7%9F%A5%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E5%91%BD%E8%BF%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无知者的命运（页面不存在）">无知者的命运</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fate_of_the_unlearned" class="extiw" title="en:Fate of the unlearned">Fate of the unlearned</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="神學">宗教理论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="天人合一">天人合一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AE%BA" title="无宇宙论">无宇宙论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA" title="不可知论">不可知论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96" title="泛靈論">泛靈論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="反宗教">反宗教主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论">无神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E8%AB%96" title="創造論">明理思想運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8)" title="法 (印度哲學)">法 (印度哲學)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="自然神论">自然神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="基督徒自然神论">基督徒自然神论</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神圣命令论（页面不存在）">神圣命令论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%AB%96" title="二元論">二元论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="秘密宗教">秘教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%8E%92%E4%BB%96%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教排他论（页面不存在）">宗教排他论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="存在主义">存在主义</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="存在主義神學">基督教</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不可知论的存在主义（页面不存在）">不可知论</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无神论的存在主义（页面不存在）">无神论</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%A6%E5%A5%B3%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="婦女神學">婦女神學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="諾斯底主義">諾斯底主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%BB%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="单一主神论">单一主神教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="人文主义">人文主义</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="宗教人文主义">宗教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="世俗人文主义">世俗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="基督教人文主义">基督教</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%85%BC%E5%AE%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教兼容主义（页面不存在）">宗教兼容主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83%E8%AE%BA" title="一元论">一元论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="一神論">一神教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="神秘主義">神秘主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="自然主义">自然主义</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="形而上自然主義">形而上</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教自然主义（页面不存在）">宗教</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人文主义的自然主义（页面不存在）">人文主义</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%83%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="新纪元运动">新纪元运动</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非二元论（页面不存在）">非二元论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="非有神论">非有神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="泛自然神論">泛自然神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="泛神论">泛神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="多神論">多神论</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="过程神学（页面不存在）">过程神学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8E%9F%E6%95%99%E6%97%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教原教旨主义（页面不存在）">宗教原教旨主义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教唯心论（页面不存在）">宗教唯心论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99" title="萨满教">萨满教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="有神论">有神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%A9%97%E8%88%87%E5%BE%8C%E9%A9%97" title="先驗與後驗">先验论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD%E8%AA%8D%E5%90%8C" title="多重宗教身份認同">多重宗教身份認同</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="宗教多元主义">宗教多元主義</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学理论列表（页面不存在）">更多...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:宗教哲学家">宗教哲学家</a> （按活跃年代）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">古代 中世纪</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E7%89%B9" title="赫拉克利特">赫拉克利特</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" title="希波的奥古斯丁">奥古斯丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%B1%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF" title="波爱修斯">波爱修斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%AF%E9%9B%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E7%91%9F%E8%8E%AB" title="坎特伯雷的安瑟莫">安瑟莫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%81%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7" title="邁蒙尼德">迈蒙尼德</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E6%AF%9B%E5%B8%96%E7%9A%84%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%BC%E7%BD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马尔毛帖的高尼罗（页面不存在）">马尔毛帖的高尼罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%AD%AF%E4%B8%96%E5%BE%B7" title="伊本·魯世德">鲁世德</a>（阿威罗伊）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" title="托马斯·阿奎那">托马斯·阿奎那</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%9A%E6%8B%89" title="喬瓦尼·皮科·德拉·米蘭多拉">米兰多拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E8%B0%9F" title="德西德里乌斯·伊拉斯谟">伊拉斯谟</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">启蒙运动</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94" title="勒内·笛卡尔">笛卡儿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="布莱斯·帕斯卡">帕斯卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%AD%AF%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%B3%93%E8%AB%BE%E8%8E%8E" title="巴魯赫·斯賓諾莎">斯宾诺莎</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·沃勒斯顿（页面不存在）">威廉·沃勒斯顿</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E4%BC%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托马斯·乔伯（页面不存在）">托马斯·乔伯</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%E8%B0%9F" title="大卫·休谟">大卫·休谟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB" title="保爾·霍爾巴赫">霍尔巴赫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7" title="伊曼努尔·康德">康德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="约翰·戈特弗里德·赫尔德">赫尔德</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">1800</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E8%90%8A%E7%88%BE%E9%A6%AC%E8%B5%AB" title="弗里德里希·施萊爾馬赫">施莱尔马赫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔">黑格尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">1880</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94" title="恩斯特·海克尔">海克尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E9%87%91%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7" title="威廉·金頓·克利福德">克利福德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E9%87%87" title="弗里德里希·尼采">尼采</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E4%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈格尔德·霍夫丁（页面不存在）">哈格尔德·霍夫丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E5%A3%AB" title="威廉·詹姆士">威廉·詹姆士</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E7%BD%97%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗拉基米尔·索罗沃夫 (哲学家)（页面不存在）">弗拉基米尔·索罗沃夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92%E7%88%BE%E5%A5%87" title="恩斯特·特勒爾奇">恩斯特·特勒爾奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98" title="鲁道夫·奥托">鲁道夫·奥托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB" title="列夫·舍斯托夫">列夫·舍斯托夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="谢尔盖·布尔加科夫">布尔加科夫</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">弗洛伊德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94" title="恩斯特·卡西尔">卡西尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">1920</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E5%A1%94%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3" title="乔治·桑塔亚那">乔治·桑塔亚那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%B4%A0" title="伯特兰·罗素">罗素</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E5%BC%97%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕弗罗·弗罗伦斯基（页面不存在）">帕弗罗·弗罗伦斯基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%AF" title="马丁·布伯">马丁·布伯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E7%94%B0%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%8B" title="保羅·田立克">保羅·田立克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9" title="卡爾·巴特">卡爾·巴特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%85%A7%E7%88%BE" title="艾米爾·布魯內爾">布鲁内尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E8%8C%B5%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="雷茵霍尔德·尼布尔">雷茵霍尔德·尼布尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">战后</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E6%81%B0%C2%B7%E4%BB%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米尔恰·以利亚德（页面不存在）">米尔恰·以利亚德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%9F%BA" title="约翰·莱斯利·麦基">约翰·莱斯利·麦基</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E7%A7%AF%E5%A5%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得·积奇（页面不存在）">彼得·积奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%B2%81" class="mw-redirect" title="安东尼·弗鲁">安东尼·弗鲁</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·阿尔斯顿（页面不存在）">威廉·阿尔斯顿</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">1970</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7L%C2%B7%E7%BD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·L·罗（页面不存在）">威廉·L·罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%81%E6%A0%BC" title="阿尔文·普兰丁格">阿尔文·普兰丁格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%AF%9F%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%BA%AB%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9" title="理察·斯溫伯恩">斯温伯恩</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%97%A5%E4%BF%AE%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅伯特·摩尔日修·亚当斯（页面不存在）">羅伯特·摩尔日修·亚当斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%89%B9" title="丹尼爾·丹尼特">丹尼爾·丹尼特</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E8%8E%B1%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·莱恩·柯莱格（页面不存在）">威廉·莱恩·柯莱格</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">相关条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99#宗教的批判" title="宗教">宗教批判</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A5%E7%BB%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="查经（页面不存在）">查经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2" title="宗教史">宗教史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="宗教學">宗教學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教哲学">宗教哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="神學">神學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教与科学">宗教與科學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政治与宗教（页面不存在）">政治与宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8E%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理性与信仰（页面不存在）">理性与信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教哲学文章索引（页面不存在）">索引</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:哲学">主题门户</a>　 · 　<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:宗教哲學">分类目录</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="心理治療（列表（英语：-&#123;List_of_psychotherapies&#125;-））" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97" title="Template:心理治疗"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97" title="Template talk:心理治疗"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:心理治疗"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="心理治療（列表（英语：-&#123;List_of_psychotherapies&#125;-））" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="心理治療">心理治療</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="心理治疗列表（页面不存在）">列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_psychotherapies" class="extiw" title="en:List of psychotherapies">List of psychotherapies</a>））</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">學校</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%96%E5%90%91%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神動力取向心理治療（页面不存在）">精神動力取向心理治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychodynamic_psychotherapy" class="extiw" title="en:Psychodynamic psychotherapy">Psychodynamic psychotherapy</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="精神分析学">精神分析学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿德勒治療（页面不存在）">阿德勒治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlerian" class="extiw" title="en:Adlerian">Adlerian</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="分析心理学">分析心理学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">認知及 行為治療</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="行為治療">行為治療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95" title="认知行为疗法">认知行为疗法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95" title="认知行为疗法">認知療法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%88%E6%82%B2%E7%84%A6%E9%BB%9E%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慈悲焦點治療（页面不存在）">慈悲焦點治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compassion_focused_therapy" class="extiw" title="en:Compassion focused therapy">Compassion focused therapy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%AF%E8%AD%89%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="辯證行為治療（页面不存在）">辯證行為治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectical_behavior_therapy" class="extiw" title="en:Dialectical behavior therapy">Dialectical behavior therapy</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理性情緒行為療法（页面不存在）">理性情緒行為療法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_emotive_behavior_therapy" class="extiw" title="en:Rational emotive behavior therapy">Rational emotive behavior therapy</a>）</li> <li>結合<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="應用行為分析">應用行為分析</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%A8%E5%BA%8A%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="臨床行為分析（页面不存在）">臨床行為分析</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_behavior_analysis" class="extiw" title="en:Clinical behavior analysis">Clinical behavior analysis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%82%BA%E4%B8%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以功能分析為主的心理治療（页面不存在）">以功能分析為主的心理治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_analytic_psychotherapy" class="extiw" title="en:Functional analytic psychotherapy">Functional analytic psychotherapy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A5%E7%B4%8D%E8%88%87%E6%89%BF%E8%AB%BE%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="接納與承諾療法（页面不存在）">接納與承諾療法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceptance_and_commitment_therapy" class="extiw" title="en:Acceptance and commitment therapy">Acceptance and commitment therapy</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="人文主义">以人為本</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="個人中心治療">個人中心治療</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92%E5%8F%96%E5%90%91%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="情緒取向治療（页面不存在）">情緒取向治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotionally_focused_therapy" class="extiw" title="en:Emotionally focused therapy">Emotionally focused therapy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="存在治療（页面不存在）">存在治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_therapy" class="extiw" title="en:Existential therapy">Existential therapy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%84%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澄心（页面不存在）">澄心</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focusing" class="extiw" title="en:Focusing">Focusing</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%A1%94%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格式塔療法（页面不存在）">格式塔療法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_therapy" class="extiw" title="en:Gestalt therapy">Gestalt therapy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E7%BE%A9%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意義治療法（页面不存在）">意義治療法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logotherapy" class="extiw" title="en:Logotherapy">Logotherapy</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="藝術治療">藝術治療</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="舞蹈治療（页面不存在）">舞蹈治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_therapy" class="extiw" title="en:Dance therapy">Dance therapy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女性主義治療（页面不存在）">女性主義治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_therapy" class="extiw" title="en:Feminist therapy">Feminist therapy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AA%E6%80%A7%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="解說性治療（页面不存在）">解說性治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontological_hermeneutics" class="extiw" title="en:Ontological hermeneutics">Ontological hermeneutics</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多元模式治療（页面不存在）">多元模式治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimodal_therapy" class="extiw" title="en:Multimodal therapy">Multimodal therapy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="音樂治療">音樂治療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%98%E4%BA%8B%E5%AF%A6%E8%B8%90" title="敘事實踐">敘事治療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="遊戲治療">遊戲治療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95" title="現實治療法">現實治療法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Systemic_therapy_(psychotherapy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systemic therapy (psychotherapy)（页面不存在）">全面療法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_therapy_(psychotherapy)" class="extiw" title="en:Systemic therapy (psychotherapy)">Systemic therapy (psychotherapy)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E9%9A%9B%E6%BA%9D%E9%80%9A%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人際溝通分析（页面不存在）">人際溝通分析</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional_analysis" class="extiw" title="en:Transactional analysis">Transactional analysis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="心理治療列表（页面不存在）">列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_psychotherapies" class="extiw" title="en:List of psychotherapies">List of psychotherapies</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">整合</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%98%E8%A1%B7%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="折衷心理治療（页面不存在）">折衷心理治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclectic_psychotherapy" class="extiw" title="en:Eclectic psychotherapy">Eclectic psychotherapy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88%E6%80%A7%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="整合性心理治療（页面不存在）">整合性心理治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_psychotherapy" class="extiw" title="en:Integrative psychotherapy">Integrative psychotherapy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%A8%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跨理論模式（页面不存在）">跨理論模式</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transtheoretical_model" class="extiw" title="en:Transtheoretical model">Transtheoretical model</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">方案</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brief_psychotherapy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brief psychotherapy（页面不存在）">簡明扼要的心理治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brief_psychotherapy" class="extiw" title="en:Brief psychotherapy">Brief psychotherapy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%AE%E5%95%86%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="諮商心理學">諮商</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_counseling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Online counseling（页面不存在）">線上諮商</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_counseling" class="extiw" title="en:Online counseling">Online counseling</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Residential_treatment_center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Residential treatment center（页面不存在）">集中住宿管理的心理治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residential_treatment_center" class="extiw" title="en:Residential treatment center">Residential treatment center</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-help&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Self-help（页面不存在）">自助</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-help" class="extiw" title="en:Self-help">Self-help</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Support_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Support group（页面不存在）">支持團體</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_group" class="extiw" title="en:Support group">Support group</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">研究</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clinical_formulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clinical formulation（页面不存在）">臨床形塑</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_formulation" class="extiw" title="en:Clinical formulation">Clinical formulation</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clinical_pluralism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clinical pluralism（页面不存在）">臨床多元化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_pluralism" class="extiw" title="en:Clinical pluralism">Clinical pluralism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_factors_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common factors theory（页面不存在）">共同因子理論</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_factors_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Common factors theory">Common factors theory</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Practitioner%E2%80%93scholar_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Practitioner–scholar model（页面不存在）">實務者–學者模型</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Practitioner%E2%80%93scholar_model" class="extiw" title="en:Practitioner–scholar model">Practitioner–scholar model</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Society_for_Psychotherapy_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Society for Psychotherapy Research（页面不存在）">心理治療研究之學會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Psychotherapy_Research" class="extiw" title="en:Society for Psychotherapy Research">Society for Psychotherapy Research</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">技巧</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="行為治療">行為治療</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%8C%E6%81%B6%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95" title="厌恶疗法">厌恶疗法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="應用行為分析">應用行為分析</a> (ABA) (早期稱為： <a href="/w/index.php?title=Behavior_modification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Behavior modification（页面不存在）">行為修改</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior_modification" class="extiw" title="en:Behavior modification">Behavior modification</a>）)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E6%95%8F%E6%84%9F%E5%8C%96_(%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="去敏感化 (心理学)">去敏感化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E9%9C%B2%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95" title="暴露疗法">暴露療法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="心理治療中的家庭作業（页面不存在）">家庭作業</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homework_in_psychotherapy" class="extiw" title="en:Homework in psychotherapy">Homework in psychotherapy</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他適用於個人的療法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autogenic_training&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autogenic training（页面不存在）">自體訓練</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autogenic_training" class="extiw" title="en:Autogenic training">Autogenic training</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%8D%E9%A6%88" title="生物反馈">生物反馈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E5%86%8D%E5%BB%BA%E6%A7%8B" title="認知再建構">認知再建構</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9A%B4%E9%9A%AA%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="暴險療法（页面不存在）">風險暴露療法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_therapy" class="extiw" title="en:Exposure therapy">Exposure therapy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_association_(psychology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free association (psychology)（页面不存在）">自由關聯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_association_(psychology)" class="extiw" title="en:Free association (psychology)">Free association (psychology)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E7%9C%A0%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="催眠治療">催眠治療</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="團體心理治療">團體心理治療</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="家族治療（页面不存在）">家族治療</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_therapy" class="extiw" title="en:Family therapy">Family therapy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="心理戲劇（页面不存在）">內心戲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychodrama" class="extiw" title="en:Psychodrama">Psychodrama</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensitivity_training&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensitivity training（页面不存在）">敏感度訓練</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_training" class="extiw" title="en:Sensitivity training">Sensitivity training</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relationship_counseling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relationship counseling（页面不存在）">人際往來關係諮商</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_counseling" class="extiw" title="en:Relationship counseling">Relationship counseling</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%A7%E7%88%BE" title="菲利普·皮內爾">菲利普·皮內爾</a> (1745–1826)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Breuer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Breuer（页面不存在）">Joseph Breuer</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Breuer" class="extiw" title="en:Joseph Breuer">Joseph Breuer</a>） (1842–1925)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</a> (1856–1939)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Janet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Janet（页面不存在）">Pierre Janet</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Janet" class="extiw" title="en:Pierre Janet">Pierre Janet</a>） (1859–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92" title="阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒">阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒</a> (1870–1937)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1ndor_Ferenczi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sándor Ferenczi（页面不存在）">Sándor Ferenczi</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_Ferenczi" class="extiw" title="en:Sándor Ferenczi">Sándor Ferenczi</a>） (1873–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%8D%A3%E6%A0%BC" title="卡尔·荣格">Carl Jung</a> (1875–1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_Binswanger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig Binswanger（页面不存在）">Ludwig Binswanger</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Binswanger" class="extiw" title="en:Ludwig Binswanger">Ludwig Binswanger</a>） (1881–1966)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E5%85%B0%E5%A6%AE%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅兰妮·克莱因（页面不存在）">梅兰妮·克莱因</a> (1882–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B" title="奥托·兰克">奥托·兰克</a> (1884–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A6%AE" title="卡伦·霍妮">卡伦·霍妮</a> (1885–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%88%A9%E6%96%87" title="哈里·斯塔克·沙利文">哈里·斯塔克·沙利文</a> (1892–1949)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Perls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritz Perls（页面不存在）">Fritz Perls</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Perls" class="extiw" title="en:Fritz Perls">Fritz Perls</a>） (1893–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9" title="唐纳德·威尼科特">唐纳德·威尼科特</a> (1896–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE" title="米尔顿·艾瑞克森">米尔顿·艾瑞克森</a> (1901–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B2%A1" title="雅各·拉岡">雅各·拉岡</a> (1901–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE" title="爱利克·埃里克森">爱利克·埃里克森</a> (1902–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%93%B2%E6%96%AF" title="卡爾·羅哲斯">卡爾·羅哲斯</a> (1902–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B" title="维克多·弗兰克">维克多·弗兰克</a> (1905–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%87%B1%E5%88%A9" title="喬治·亞歷山大·凱利">喬治·亞歷山大·凱利</a> (1905–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E6%A2%85" title="羅洛·梅">羅洛·梅</a> (1909–1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Axline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia Axline（页面不存在）">Virginia Axline</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Axline" class="extiw" title="en:Virginia Axline">Virginia Axline</a>） (1911–1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Whitaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Whitaker（页面不存在）">Carl Whitaker</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Whitaker" class="extiw" title="en:Carl Whitaker">Carl Whitaker</a>） (1912–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="阿尔伯特·艾利斯">阿尔伯特·艾利斯</a> (1913–2007)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Bugental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Bugental（页面不存在）">James Bugental</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bugental" class="extiw" title="en:James Bugental">James Bugental</a>） (1915–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E6%99%AE" title="约瑟夫·沃尔普">约瑟夫·沃尔普</a> (1915–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%90%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E6%8F%90%E7%88%BE" title="維琴尼亞·薩提爾">維琴尼亞·薩提爾</a> (1916–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B" title="亞倫·貝克">亞倫·貝克</a> (b. 1921)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvador_Minuchin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvador Minuchin（页面不存在）">Salvador Minuchin</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Minuchin" class="extiw" title="en:Salvador Minuchin">Salvador Minuchin</a>） (b. 1921)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Herrman_Strupp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Herrman Strupp（页面不存在）">Hans Herrman Strupp</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Herrman_Strupp" class="extiw" title="en:Hans Herrman Strupp">Hans Herrman Strupp</a>） (1921–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B" title="保罗·瓦兹拉威克">保罗·瓦兹拉威克</a> (1921–2007)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haim_Ginott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haim Ginott（页面不存在）">Haim Ginott</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haim_Ginott" class="extiw" title="en:Haim Ginott">Haim Ginott</a>） (1922–1973)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Gendlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugene Gendlin（页面不存在）">Eugene Gendlin</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Gendlin" class="extiw" title="en:Eugene Gendlin">Eugene Gendlin</a>） (b. 1926)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._D._Laing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. D. Laing（页面不存在）">R. D. Laing</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._D._Laing" class="extiw" title="en:R. D. Laing">R. D. Laing</a>） (1927–1989)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Baker_Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Baker Miller（页面不存在）">Jean Baker Miller</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baker_Miller" class="extiw" title="en:Jean Baker Miller">Jean Baker Miller</a>） (1927–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E4%BA%9E%E9%9A%86" title="歐文·亞隆">歐文·亞隆</a> (b. 1931)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Lazarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold Lazarus（页面不存在）">Arnold Lazarus</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Lazarus" class="extiw" title="en:Arnold Lazarus">Arnold Lazarus</a>） (1932–2013)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorna_Smith_Benjamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorna Smith Benjamin（页面不存在）">Lorna Smith Benjamin</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorna_Smith_Benjamin" class="extiw" title="en:Lorna Smith Benjamin">Lorna Smith Benjamin</a>） (b. 1934)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marsha_M._Linehan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marsha M. Linehan（页面不存在）">Marsha M. Linehan</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsha_M._Linehan" class="extiw" title="en:Marsha M. Linehan">Marsha M. Linehan</a>） (b. 1943)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vittorio_Guidano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vittorio Guidano（页面不存在）">Vittorio Guidano</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Guidano" class="extiw" title="en:Vittorio Guidano">Vittorio Guidano</a>） (1944–1999)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Greenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Greenberg（页面不存在）">Les Greenberg</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Greenberg" class="extiw" title="en:Les Greenberg">Les Greenberg</a>） (b. 1945)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_R._Miller_(psychologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William R. Miller (psychologist)（页面不存在）">William R. Miller</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_R._Miller_(psychologist)" class="extiw" title="en:William R. Miller (psychologist)">William R. Miller (psychologist)</a>） (b. 1947)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_White_(psychotherapist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael White (psychotherapist)（页面不存在）">Michael White</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_White_(psychotherapist)" class="extiw" title="en:Michael White (psychotherapist)">Michael White (psychotherapist)</a>） (1948–2008)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffrey_Young&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffrey Young（页面不存在）">Jeffrey Young</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Young" class="extiw" title="en:Jeffrey Young">Jeffrey Young</a>） (b. 1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84365013">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_green_light.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Europe_green_light.png/24px-Europe_green_light.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Europe_green_light.png/36px-Europe_green_light.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Europe_green_light.png/48px-Europe_green_light.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="226" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="Portal:歐洲">歐洲主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Psi2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/21px-Psi2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/32px-Psi2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/42px-Psi2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:心理学">心理学主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal-puzzle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/36px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/48px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:人类学">人类学主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Esculaap4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/14px-Esculaap4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/21px-Esculaap4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/28px-Esculaap4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:醫學">醫學主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Socrates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/14px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/21px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/27px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:哲学">哲学主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Sexual_orientation_-_4_symbols.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Sexual_orientation_-_4_symbols.svg/24px-Sexual_orientation_-_4_symbols.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Sexual_orientation_-_4_symbols.svg/36px-Sexual_orientation_-_4_symbols.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Sexual_orientation_-_4_symbols.svg/48px-Sexual_orientation_-_4_symbols.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="373" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%80%A7" title="Portal:性">性主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/21px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/32px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/42px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:文学">文学主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:P_vip.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/21px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/31px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9" title="Portal:人物">人物主題</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9215#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9215#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9215#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/34252/">FAST</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121272193">ISNI</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/34456780">VIAF</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJc868dQ6vRkyktcKcT8md">WorldCat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90051520">挪威</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000034551">智利</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX882790">西班牙</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119035855">法国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119035855">BnF data</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000023033">阿根廷</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521352106706">加泰罗尼亚</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118535315">德国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV003682">意大利</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007261471505171">以色列</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000149264">芬兰</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14117514">比利时</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79043849">美国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/zw9cfj8h0hs00zn">瑞典</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000003432&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00440156">日本</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jk01031841&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35103318">澳大利亚</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opac.nlc.cn/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=057482921">中国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record82531">希腊</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199609326">韩国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000002954&local_base=nsk10">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068465246">荷兰</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810636253205606">波兰</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/17868">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/17336">梵蒂冈</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00365316?l=en">CiNii</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=N80kIiYAAAAJ">Google学术</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">艺术家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/4c5a936c-1770-4158-ad88-b79177cbcfbd">KulturNav</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/a8e73e7b-5b8c-4dda-86c4-6c4a1567787e">MusicBrainz</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/434013">荷蘭藝術史研究所</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/40374">新西兰国立博物馆</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500233677">艺术家联合名录</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118535315.html?language=en">德意志传记</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/827362">Trove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/en/conor/7147875">CONOR</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6ff3xjt">SNAC</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027324664">IdRef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=西格蒙德·弗洛伊德&oldid=85889689">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=西格蒙德·弗洛伊德&oldid=85889689</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1856%E5%B9%B4%E5%87%BA%E7%94%9F" title="Category:1856年出生">1856年出生</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1939%E5%B9%B4%E9%80%9D%E4%B8%96" title="Category:1939年逝世">1939年逝世</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:20世纪哲学家">20世纪哲学家</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:奧地利心理學家">奧地利心理學家</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:精神分析學家">精神分析學家</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:神經心理學家">神經心理學家</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:思想家">思想家</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E6%BF%9F%E6%9C%83%E6%9C%83%E5%93%A1" title="Category:德國共濟會會員">德國共濟會會員</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%8F%8B" title="Category:維也納大學校友">維也納大學校友</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="Category:捷克猶太人">捷克猶太人</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="Category:奧地利猶太人">奧地利猶太人</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%B6%AD%E4%B9%9F%E7%B4%8D%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AB" title="Category:維也納大學教師">維也納大學教師</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="Category:西格蒙德·弗洛伊德">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%91%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A-%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="Category:摩拉维亚-西里西亚州人">摩拉维亚-西里西亚州人</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%89%E6%A8%82%E6%AD%BB%E9%80%9D%E4%B8%96%E8%80%85" title="Category:安樂死逝世者">安樂死逝世者</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%AD%8C%E5%BE%B7%E5%A5%96%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Category:歌德奖获得者">歌德奖获得者</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90_(en)" title="Category:CS1英语来源 (en)">CS1英语来源 (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90_(en-us)" title="Category:CS1美国英语来源 (en-us)">CS1美国英语来源 (en-us)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有德語的條目">含有德語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E7%AD%BE%E5%90%8D%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E8%AE%B0%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="Category:含有签名的传记作品">含有签名的传记作品</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89hCards%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有hCards的条目">含有hCards的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C" title="Category:本地相关图片与维基数据不同">本地相关图片与维基数据不同</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有大英百科全书链接的条目">含有大英百科全书链接的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%8F%A4%E9%A8%B0%E5%A0%A1%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有古騰堡計劃連結的條目">含有古騰堡計劃連結的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABFAST%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目">包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABISNI%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含ISNI标识符的维基百科条目">包含ISNI标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABVIAF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目">包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABWorldCat%E5%AE%9E%E4%BD%93%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含WorldCat实体标识符的维基百科条目">包含WorldCat实体标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBIBSYS%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BIBSYS标识符的维基百科条目">包含BIBSYS标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNC标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNFdata%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNMM%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNMM标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNMM标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABCANTICN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含CANTICN标识符的维基百科条目">包含CANTICN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABICCU%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含ICCU标识符的维基百科条目">包含ICCU标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABKANTO%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含KANTO标识符的维基百科条目">包含KANTO标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABKBR%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含KBR标识符的维基百科条目">包含KBR标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLibris%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含Libris标识符的维基百科条目">包含Libris标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLNB%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目">包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNDL%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目">包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNLA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NLA标识符的维基百科条目">包含NLA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNLC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NLC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NLC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNLG%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NLG标识符的维基百科条目">包含NLG标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNLK%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目">包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNSK%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NSK标识符的维基百科条目">包含NSK标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNTA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NTA标识符的维基百科条目">包含NTA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABPLWABN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含PLWABN标识符的维基百科条目">包含PLWABN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABPortugalA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含PortugalA标识符的维基百科条目">包含PortugalA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABVcBA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含VcBA标识符的维基百科条目">包含VcBA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABCINII%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含CINII标识符的维基百科条目">包含CINII标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGoogle_Scholar%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含Google Scholar标识符的维基百科条目">包含Google Scholar标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABKULTURNAV%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含KULTURNAV标识符的维基百科条目">包含KULTURNAV标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABMusicBrainz%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含MusicBrainz标识符的维基百科条目">包含MusicBrainz标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABRKDartists%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含RKDartists标识符的维基百科条目">包含RKDartists标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABTePapa%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含TePapa标识符的维基百科条目">包含TePapa标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABULAN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含ULAN标识符的维基百科条目">包含ULAN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABDTBIO%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含DTBIO标识符的维基百科条目">包含DTBIO标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABTrove%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含Trove标识符的维基百科条目">包含Trove标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABCONOR%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含CONOR标识符的维基百科条目">包含CONOR标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABSNAC-ID%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含SNAC-ID标识符的维基百科条目">包含SNAC-ID标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABSUDOC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含SUDOC标识符的维基百科条目">包含SUDOC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2025年1月31日 (星期五) 14:57。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CC_BY-SA_4.0%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Wikipedia:CC BY-SA 4.0协议文本">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>） Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。 </li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> 搜索 </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 184种语言 </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> 添加话题 </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-54bc5bdf84-245dc","wgBackendResponseTime":180,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.982","walltime":"2.451","ppvisitednodes":{"value":18210,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1020040,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":32360,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":44,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":168646,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1960.679 1 -total"," 46.78% 917.260 8 Template:Navbox"," 27.45% 538.225 182 Template:Tsl"," 15.51% 304.146 1 Template:精神分析"," 14.50% 284.259 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.41% 262.912 1 Template:Psychoanalysis"," 13.23% 259.378 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 10.87% 213.126 1 Template:Infobox_scientist"," 9.99% 195.774 1 Template:心理治疗"," 9.56% 187.524 1 Template:弗洛伊德"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.148","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18235711,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","540","40.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","320","24.2"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","7.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","60","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpensiveData","40","3.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","40","3.0"],["mw.executeModule \u003Cmw.lua:467\u003E","20","1.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::makeTitle","20","1.5"],["require \u003Cpackage.lua:89\u003E","20","1.5"],["[others]","100","7.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-bqzpp","timestamp":"20250217101815","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u897f\u683c\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9215","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9215","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-09-23T22:53:11Z","dateModified":"2025-01-31T14:57:19Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/36\/Sigmund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Halberstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff081856\u20141939\uff09"}</script> </body> </html>