CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913613395c17fdbe',cH: 'L5QOJMSzwNUzLX1otRGU4at_TvwoFUCBzu3zzdkIv48-1739798429-1.2.1.1-eYooQRxkjTFnwRgRZgCrQ08hEIz2dOMG2VE3Ft1EMJYRzzMdqpNBQ3WiKWmP6qK2',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ya-Ling%20Wang&__cf_chl_tk=gRetdfA0seQhANgXOVBUhVfZgNZ3xtdB1ikowXj3mPw-1739798429-1.0.1.1-45eYBiUNVH1z5IMLXEWW798MYUFYkUJpLwPRsQfh0uQ",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739798429',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ya-Ling%20Wang&__cf_chl_f_tk=gRetdfA0seQhANgXOVBUhVfZgNZ3xtdB1ikowXj3mPw-1739798429-1.0.1.1-45eYBiUNVH1z5IMLXEWW798MYUFYkUJpLwPRsQfh0uQ",md: "az_vjNi2XP7.rQLToIk6xoTZASrFMDuSrK7xqlf9fH8-1739798429-1.2.1.1-.Qq1Qm_4IQwZ5gZz7HZL75VyYa8mejhND5yU5CIGfiqAgHJMC_pSBy7yVbMgqTzA1J3221mILPuVm9qJaBPEfP3iaCb.BhMTv1zwg3wzI9rV26LFGjIRFcpU_f_yIEqomA5naHE39DPvwXt4AWJcr5SLw5E8BJw6IJK74CTJnbBt93eKgqoFdNf6ZmLa2TrRBf7tdCmUsnvbfrJw8ocRhNRxu74fxxH_9aOB6OLm3A_CpicVAT9frUqe6hXWWb.84QOFnUI4EjFDaQ6P9WGiCWutSwzgnb51jBXz8NXTnq6G9mrzJfpAcumi6SdaK0xfzNPi3ji4sr.r1Qevhhn4KGldeHFVLcueJaIHSGVwRoERDExpTfW3GqUJ1CWX1BPHOYod6xvv_UoKjGFkUk5R8EM.LrinbsnfPlHSfGk.KkubKbWl6mlwZkfOBGMZ.gndsM6Enbdce74DY1pGUQunxmuwLn11GtKc5lGnD3ehdlU.dL.Jkw4CYgZlEZ.ESEdjzWu4I4khvhVlqCgzQrLR1tedheUKi2Eh.mDJ6ohc95fsX8PtwL0EpRiwJvPnjYOfw8QZZlngC3rgsjwfgIr0WtVKQtYFw2yP6qdeR8qxK__IhxWj0AarDijbPsdzEokcap9Fm8mBGVbAioatPbZx1hEjii0CAw0xfFde7kYp9wPZ6W3HCy4Re1774KFzz3UfMQmxGmFeuQKymVvN1fvhMY5gKAGk8cArc_rbEBclJXq0l.fE0WaH7G.5WMdNLqaAXJzmiizLi7y2KFPdsKvJwbT1kxYJyh1o1ilKtDA5NBIqrBSoz145NcThci.J8hMuAPRsy5qQ0AeHQKoPAQ9ciF2gyf.z93C4m6JmTIccVO7ooM7CwsrSkMDxq_PJIjWM7wiSznOzs6.WJLjk42OkQ.sqWmAk_oLa2fQ6F80V.ocJSHK75YWae8mkTUtE7c814iLqnXa8wuRL78Kq9DMyuPnxRrxvxRMoYJ0OlUdi7JjQ6P8i6Sl14BxOHiNMIVOmCUY5J4gNsbO12NZYgHjntG0UolhD8BiLhUwUzXS8BvRrG9.WYwljIdRsLR4h5USEKSEQw7YV1wTao6Vq1sbWDwZqm6u4_uaoQiKxuOFL1OghxuzNKdbdhHNXJANf6fe4EwN2ldfFSBHGzlJeMjWRssZWo_huy8hoVVcR__RligXl9UU3BV8SeeztzvKYaeBTQ7bUViOILZT3lrbknVmUwpd7d2vbh9mAIszkSt0IjxnddufEncS6NZsp4xipcz8iJ_KplwYiiviFeWwYsSj8O2IIDqZLHIcukSYXp9P6JS89imcg3cEdBwo.MCPHVrAV47vXP.Di2AZAstnjHdae83Lkri13Zj2O6E_oe2ZTemCtIFUqEk1X4UzTtCUGIvKIE0rOSXQWur9QvCS_xpeejRgXcC2lWkW2uPRsRPS0BbdsclOS.ksGiJMaEAbBX17ow13aBSDak2sJgwHuT_TbRt91YDM0cFa02AnfdCI_x3E.wKMl2vyyKeh.JIWGHfasuUEX2tuZMTnRnde1B4GRxBKO5F.JK22ZQuJm4xYeeLlqsM8Q6pVALRQoYc.bYG.J.hqpvYea1oJr9MIVNcMov0Gd_YMrzHyyYDOziNx8OX7tiAzyAyei8SJ_KaiYI_6awNmyzLq8KyvrbFD9gtCJL3UYV1atcOTcnw_PFj.CsbhwlCi8EhbUG3XQHe.lVvtS2Y17UdkOhhnTdUjNdCzLu_benB0S2BaYO9.81xgmOxE_X7NPw0DcjbqH5ajVg3Udk3r3T1.4dy4f7.mbSUiIgdaQXqsZTOs7FbULdOWh6BZq.qVDTgp45LImRS_aL8OSxlhL1lYbK1srAoRz6gCf3rqprJq4CB.2EZ2jPGL1HFvVbfeerqt.EfO.exrrQd7T.hSLUaFZ_NvA4GFV6wGleJq2EaU9BglOp6TMLqnT6LU",mdrd: "RtdgLxyUbzC969VWyBj_4_ZfCzRzkqzdQoUu14QRQSo-1739798429-1.2.1.1-cWQno03VTdIa9DLwKsp.BnQK5SXm.HvkMK1EP_cWGT4hflrgoQan8iKG9aICrYGBLsJvEvLr.efX4nkAaeE8tg_yhbenoJoGlYfm6TlbRBn8jybu652km_jGdVvHX6cog.EVyqswoTgTVJqemNc_DM2ul9JIg40qO4MjELWHXb0zEye2Eg3Tzjl4FYzKHiRst61dcEPz_yBmbO4V4tec2S.XJSXmiLt1f3AWJQezNaZNFF7CKvstLW2MwObuVlvkTTSPMJFzQmCyYJdYGV8Qf0srVFise6szopiYgl51YpUFkz7OEkn77fxpEBO5CPkoFL7baFLjEXXYxTJArxmWrtnYZlWbmbRKt.SNiL3R4efx.zw9kwyZP43ZSxSt0YL23ERdd18qKYnm7M5iTsRfczgAbmB_44dxuazM0lKaSUhXmNHNoyg.fXfu1lox67eVsGZCdf7FVnzOMKfyrc22hnKPpgJ3lEkwWK77h3WYLav4o_McgvoqkoRFkD5O4m8cxMfKNlnR.ZUKQsPwZ6ZZSk_cA7IYRisvbymOOIeSscBOWML5wyHvIW_l_EbndCFN9twOtQaz09NyDwxncMdNo1lq7XBGQm.JJg.SGKKvkh16O6tdyb92UcsTp2ulVAQbBGZHckyBSv_JTUXsIUVOWqobwkMryk27yf_2P.1w5Iej8ChhR6lO_XwpGIiPSmujfpThW5l.68geWWgjZraC9HciYL9X2QwxsoIkS.WL5XBopc0jcAezaT3AZPToxrgO8IlMwTDNnJzMKUPSH6X6w_o1HK0jklX.ozl_0iAv.NuH2pmfXyj_b4z4l9IXYu5rx5yvIG9fkjZJiCguYFixr2Zb3kNqslugEfuz6AEsgGiQlDMt7atQeHLyH4ZvhjVxmzWbhIGnAtvPgNeIamZOdRfuJA4p2joT4_A0fcPLKWmrqr0GZWCffwYfrtaTD2B38Wf72a3H9AFBQivywv7bTjy_7n9khjrhh66P0OrgNTXiFvjT8gwlA6nRcIm_s1EyM3KRWvZWPE_.AzxeFw05bhQ5p2G0OAAh4.fx8gJzIBe_oCHq4.0f9ljhXnGkmA7nf18uNPPDgH_YVw76NDECmZcA7.gGdVeX08wyQHjtAfISutqowJAGiCMuJytFebttCyXO7lHlb3dC8v00rIlqPGDUy5PW9z1KidHOYlyhpQX7cNaBCXuKu6KhTm.izs7VOGNvq1rdoIblG0S7o5e7L.hPZNTZaUCLUtgDLYg6xGksJ40omtrG.vRn8xtRHKBUmxFPvv6BCvZYtBRrkyjN7ie5SHax2R8dnfMFXwldKJwdMypCudR0abx3kxGtXcHky9xOU9aosp5oUBBYtW5ZHV6AKVC9GDnlT2hC5f7kiVBCkgv1wLFJtlehZhgjpVmn5AxrqykQ_MoDMI_UsIZs6NITS10MlJwDFiIRrWcplivAZWm.3WMnIQiEtKLbqNCJMx1lvEk1WHE5TnaOzoiWAtJwRHQLH9TK.DWPmg066jU4iMySxsAgNAmFGfhbBpuWAV7j0p9yBDS7evbARUlD9WKIQ1UlAxiqk9rrbL.XZtjnn7rDT1cErPPxf7fFjMGiausP25aGo6EhqnTbCtvKqubZFI6rCO1QQOBg6NA6.jWlbjZFrIIpIaV3uS.ERfP3leFyTAnSZLOwV2Vvv7TmSMvONk_QoYNjGs6S1glS2vROOj5M0oqUgpNXuHZobzTZLmdhrXAyOMcFwrJa6XHDGPlXys0iD3ktAD4Bm7y5szGVgRPNCos5PqkuFhjvVhLDSoN93HgrTwY2yCzeE2LHRhclLw04VfM0MOZfpei.uZ8iulmkXpsD1zcS7bgaA6nuAm8tO_9yBq2vdj7ekgwgCptSvuhqEdVnWf4mu4Z24Fzmaq2s3qmURorvBMCAwgFXe4d_dTvZyan069retA.DxqrQaePII4V.kSxk9drEYjm2OJREX88EkFExYbtaBBq9RI906O49tU6Mqcq1dwSPBg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913613395c17fdbe';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ya-Ling%20Wang&__cf_chl_rt_tk=gRetdfA0seQhANgXOVBUhVfZgNZ3xtdB1ikowXj3mPw-1739798429-1.0.1.1-45eYBiUNVH1z5IMLXEWW798MYUFYkUJpLwPRsQfh0uQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>