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Park</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Jin Chul Park"> <meta name="keywords" content="Jin Chul Park"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Jin Chul Park"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 930</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Jin Chul Park</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">840</span> A Study on the Current Challenges Hindering Urban Park Development in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayarmaa%20Enkhbold">Bayarmaa Enkhbold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenichi%20Matsui"> Kenichi Matsui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban parks are important assets to every community in terms of providing space for health, cultural and leisure activities. However, Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, faces a shortage of green spaces, particularly urban parks, due to overpopulation and haphazard growth. Therefore, in order to increase green space per person, the city government has planned to increase green space per person up to 20m² by 2020 and 30m² by 2030 by establishing more urban parks throughout the city. But this plan was estimated that it is highly unlikely to reach those goals according to the analysis of the present status of plan implementation because the current amount of green space per person is still 4m². In the past studies globally, city planners and scientists agree that it is highly improbable to develop urban parks and keep maintenance sustainably without reflecting community perceptions and their involvement in the park establishment. Therefore, this research aims to find the challenges which stymie urban park development in Ulaanbaatar city and recommend dealing with the problems. In order to reach the goal, communities’ perceptions about the current challenges and their necessity for urban parks were identified and determined whether they differentiated depending on two different types of residential areas (urban and suburban areas). It also attempted to investigate international good practices on how they deal with similar problems. The research methodology was based on a questionnaire survey among city residents, a document review regarding the involvement of stakeholders, and a literature review of relevant past studies. According to the residents’ perceptions, the biggest challenge was a lack of land availability and followed by a lack of proper policy, planning, management, and maintenance out of seven key challenges identified. The biggest community demand from the urban park was a playground for children and followed by recreation and relaxation out of six types of needs. Based on research findings, the study proposed several recommendations for enhancements as institutional and legal framework, park plan and management, supportive environment and monitoring, evaluation, and reporting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges%20of%20urban%20park%20planning%20and%20maintenance" title="challenges of urban park planning and maintenance">challenges of urban park planning and maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community-based%20urban%20park%20establishment" title=" community-based urban park establishment"> community-based urban park establishment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20perceptions%20and%20participation" title=" community perceptions and participation"> community perceptions and participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20parks%20in%20Ulaanbaatar" title=" urban parks in Ulaanbaatar"> urban parks in Ulaanbaatar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mongolia" title=" Mongolia"> Mongolia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132137/a-study-on-the-current-challenges-hindering-urban-park-development-in-ulaanbaatar-city-mongolia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">839</span> The Implementation of Science Park Policy and Their Impacts on Regional Economic Development in Emerging Economy Country: Case of Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muttamas%20Wongwanich">Muttamas Wongwanich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20R.%20Bryson"> John R. Bryson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20E.%20Harris"> Catherine E. Harris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Science parks are an essential component of localized innovation ecosystems. Science Parks have played a critical role in enhancing local innovation ecosystems in developed market economies. Attempts have been made to replicate best practice in other national contexts. To our best knowledge, the study about the development of Science Parks has not been undertaken on the economic impact on the developing countries. Further research is required to understand the adoption of Science Park policies in developing and emerging economies. This study explores the implementation of Science Park policy and its impacts on economic growth and development in Thailand, focusing on the relationship between universities and businesses. The Thailand context is essential. Thailand’s economy is dominated by agriculture and tourism. The Science Park policy is trying to develop an agriculturally orientated innovative ecosystem. Thailand established four Science Parks based on a policy that highlighted the importance of cooperation between government, HEIs, and businesses. These Science Parks are intended to increase small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) innovativeness, employment, and regional economic growth by promoting collaboration and knowledge transfer between HEIs and the private sector. This study explores one regional Science Park in Thailand with an emphasis on understanding the implementation and operation of a triple helix innovation policy. The analysis explores the establishment of the Science Park and its impacts on firms and the regional economy through interviews with Science Parks directors, firms, academics, universities, and government officials. The analysis will inform Science Park policy development in Thailand to support the national objective to develop an innovation ecosystem based on the integration of technology with innovation policy, supporting technology-based SMEs in the creation of local jobs. The finding shows that the implementation of the Science Park policy in Thailand requires support and promotion from the government. The regional development plan must be related to the regional industry development strategy, considering the strengths and weaknesses of local entrepreneurs. The long time in granting a patent is the major obstacle in achieving the government’s aim in encouraging local economic activity. The regional Science Parks in Thailand are at the early stage of the operation plan. Thus, the impact on the regional economy cannot be measured and need further investigation in a more extended period. However, local businesses realize the vital of research and development (R&D). There have been more requests for funding support in doing R&D. Furthermore, there is the creation of linkages between businesses, HEIs, and government authorities as expected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20country" title="developing country">developing country</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emerging%20economy" title=" emerging economy"> emerging economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20development" title=" regional development"> regional development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20park" title=" science park"> science park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triple%20helix" title=" triple helix"> triple helix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111601/the-implementation-of-science-park-policy-and-their-impacts-on-regional-economic-development-in-emerging-economy-country-case-of-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">838</span> Citizens’ Satisfaction with Green and Blue Spaces and Urban Furniture in Sari Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neda%20Rezvanisanijouybari">Neda Rezvanisanijouybari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cities are living and dynamic organisms that can play an essential role in meeting people's psychological and mental needs. The green and blue spaces, including parks, play an important role in meeting those needs, and therefore they should be prioritised in urban planning and designing. Sari city had several city designs and planning projects to expand the green spaces. These included adding more parks and open spaces with new urban furniture in the city and were an important step forward in creating a pleasant urban landscape in the north of Iran. This research used quantitative and qualitative methods to examine whether the citizens of Sari were satisfied with green and blue spaces and new urban furniture in the city or not. From a questionnaire of 120 Sari citizens, it was found that the citizens were generally satisfied with the green and blue spaces and new urban furniture in Sari. It was also found that the favourite park was Mellal park, and the least favourite was Azadegan park. Accessibility, safety, design, facilities, and water source were the most important reason to visit the parks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfaction" title="satisfaction">satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green" title=" green"> green</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blue" title=" blue"> blue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20furniture" title=" urban furniture"> urban furniture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156475/citizens-satisfaction-with-green-and-blue-spaces-and-urban-furniture-in-sari-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">837</span> Gammarus: Asellus Ratio as an Index of Organic Pollution: A Case Study in Markeaton, Kedleston Hall, and Allestree Park Lakes Derby, UK</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Bawa">Usman Bawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Macro-invertebrates have been used to monitor organic pollution in rivers and streams. Several biotic indices based on macro-invertebrates have been developed over the years including the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP). A new biotic index, the Gammarus:Asellus ratio has been recently proposed as an index of organic pollution. This study tested the validity of the Gammarus:Asellus ratio as an index of organic pollution, by examining the relationship between the Gammarus:Asellus ratio and physical-chemical parameters, and other biotic indices such as BMWP and, Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) from lakes and streams at Markeaton Park, Allestree Park, and Kedleston Hall, Derbyshire. Macro invertebrates were sampled using the standard five-minute kick sampling techniques physical and chemical environmental variables were obtained based on standard sampling techniques. Eighteen sites were sampled, six sites from Markeaton Park (three sites across the stream and three sites across the lake). Six sites each were also sampled from Allestree Park and Kedleston Hall lakes. The Gammarus:Asellus ratio showed an opposite significant positive correlations with parameters indicative of organic pollution such as the level of nitrates, phosphates, and calcium and also revealed a negatively significant correlations with other biotic indices (BMWP/ASPT). The BMWP score correlated positively significantly with some water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen and flow rate, but revealed no correlations with other chemical environmental variables. The BMWP score was significantly higher in the stream than the lake in Markeaton Park, also The ASPT scores appear to be significantly higher in the upper Lakes than the middle and lower lakes. This study has further strengthened the use of BMWP/ASPT score as an index of organic pollution. But, additional application is required to validate the use of Gammarus:Asellus as a rapid bio monitoring tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asellus" title="Asellus">Asellus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotic%20index" title=" biotic index"> biotic index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gammarus" title=" Gammarus"> Gammarus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macro%20invertebrates" title=" macro invertebrates"> macro invertebrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20pollution" title=" organic pollution"> organic pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22849/gammarus-asellus-ratio-as-an-index-of-organic-pollution-a-case-study-in-markeaton-kedleston-hall-and-allestree-park-lakes-derby-uk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">836</span> Design of a Remote Radiation Sensing Module Based on Portable Gamma Spectrometer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Gil%20Kim">Young Gil Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Min%20Park"> Hye Min Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Jong%20Park"> Chan Jong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koan%20Sik%20Joo"> Koan Sik Joo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A personal gamma spectrometer has to be sensitive, pocket-sized, and carriable on the users. To serve these requirements, we developed the SiPM-based portable radiation detectors. The prototype uses a Ce:GAGG scintillator coupled to a silicon photomultiplier and a radio frequency(RF) module to measure gamma-ray, and can be accessed wirelessly or remotely by mobile equipment. The prototype device consumes roughly 4.4W, weighs about 180g (including battery), and measures 5.0 7.0. It is able to achieve 5.8% FWHM energy resolution at 662keV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ce%3AGAGG" title="Ce:GAGG">Ce:GAGG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma-ray" title=" gamma-ray"> gamma-ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20frequency" title=" radio frequency"> radio frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon%20photomultiplier" title=" silicon photomultiplier"> silicon photomultiplier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66154/design-of-a-remote-radiation-sensing-module-based-on-portable-gamma-spectrometer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">835</span> Study on Beta-Ray Detection System in Water Using a MCNP Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki%20Hyun%20Park">Ki Hyun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye%20Min%20Park"> Hye Min Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong%20Ho%20Kim"> Jeong Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Jong%20Park"> Chan Jong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koan%20Sik%20Joo"> Koan Sik Joo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the modern days, the use of radioactive substances is on the rise in the areas like chemical weaponry, industrial usage, and power plants. Although there are various technologies available to detect and monitor radioactive substances in the air, the technologies to detect underwater radioactive substances are scarce. In this study, computer simulation of the underwater detection system measuring beta-ray, a radioactive substance, has been done through MCNP. CaF₂, YAP(Ce) and YAG(Ce) have been used in the computer simulation to detect beta-ray as scintillator. Also, the source used in the computer simulation is Sr-90 and Y-90, both of them emitting only pure beta-ray. The distance between the source and the detector was shifted from 1mm to 10mm by 1 mm in the computer simulation. The result indicated that Sr-90 was impossible to measure below 1 mm since its emission energy is low while Y-90 was able to be measured up to 10mm underwater. In addition, the detector designed with CaF₂ had the highest efficiency among 3 scintillators used in the computer simulation. Since it was possible to verify the detectable range and the detection efficiency according to modeling through MCNP simulation, it is expected that such result will reduce the time and cost in building the actual beta-ray detector and evaluating its performances, thereby contributing the research and development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beta-ray" title="Beta-ray">Beta-ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CaF%E2%82%82" title=" CaF₂"> CaF₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detector" title=" detector"> detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MCNP%20simulation" title=" MCNP simulation"> MCNP simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scintillator" title=" scintillator"> scintillator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53352/study-on-beta-ray-detection-system-in-water-using-a-mcnp-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">834</span> Trophic Ecology of Sarotherodon Melanotheron Heudelotii and Tilapia Guineensis from the Banc D'Arguin National Park, Mauritania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N%C3%A9n%C3%A9%20Gall%C3%A9%20Kide">Néné Gallé Kide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamadou%20Dia"> Mamadou Dia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lemhaba%20Ould%20Yarba"> Lemhaba Ould Yarba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youssouf%20Kone"> Youssouf Kone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatimetou%20Mint%20Khalil"> Fatimetou Mint Khalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajar%20Bouksir"> Hajar Bouksir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghislane%20Salhi"> Ghislane Salhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn%C3%A8s%20Saoud"> Younès Saoud </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The diet of Sarotherodon melanotheron and Tilapia guineensis were investigated in the National Park of Banc d'Arguin (PNBA) from September 2012 to October 2013. A total of 499 individuals ranging in size between 219 and 400 mm total length of S. melanotheron (253 males and 246 females), and 280 individuals of T.guineensis (229 males and 51 females) ranged between 180 and 424mm total length. We used for studying the feeding habits of both two species the frequency of occurrence method. The coefficient of emptiness was 40.88% for S. melanotheron and 38.57% for T. guineensis. Both two species were herbivorous and very close feedings. Their diet consists of Seagrass, green, red, blue, and brown algae, diatoms, gastropods, bivalves, Crustaceans, and mud. The Seagrass and green algae were prey preference of these two species. The diet feeding showed that the composition varies slightly depending on the season and size of individuals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cichlidae" title="Cichlidae">Cichlidae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trophic%20ecology" title=" trophic ecology"> trophic ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=National%20park" title=" National park"> National park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Banc%20d%27Arguin" title=" Banc d'Arguin"> Banc d'Arguin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauritania" title=" Mauritania"> Mauritania</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16683/trophic-ecology-of-sarotherodon-melanotheron-heudelotii-and-tilapia-guineensis-from-the-banc-darguin-national-park-mauritania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">794</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">833</span> Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) and Galls Form Recorded from Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marine%20Nozadze">Marine Nozadze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Japoshvili"> George Japoshvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Melika"> George Melika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 2020-2021 we studied oaks gall wasps of different oak species in Georgia at 7 locations of their natural distribution: 1. Quercuse petrea subsp. iberica - Mtskheta municipality, village. Mukhattskaro; 2. Quercus subsp. pendunculifloria - Kvareli municipality, village. Gramy;3. Quercus robur subsp. imeretina -Baghdati Municipality, Ajameti Reserve; 4. Quercus pontica -Chokhatauri municipality, village. Tskhratskaro; 5. Quercus macranthera -Tetritskaro Municipality, Algeti National Park; 6. Quercuse petrea subsp. iberica - Shuakhevi municipality, village. Uchamba 7. Quercus hartwissiana - Baghdatis municipality, village. Dimi. Samples were collected from early spring to late autumn. As a result, 7 forms of galls were collected and described wich caused by different species of oak gall wasps: 1. Neuroterus numismalis asexual gall 2. Neuroterus quercusbaccarum asexual galls 3. Cynips korsakovi asexual gall 4. Biorhiza pallida sexual gall 5. Neuroterus quercusbaccarum asexual galls 6. Neuroterus numismalis sexual gall 7. Cynips quercusfolii. Neuroterus quercusbaccarum asexual galls form the most represented of them: In Algeti National Park; In Mtskheta municipality; In Shuakhevi municipality and Ajameti reserve. The most damaged locations by oak gall wasps were Algeti National Park and Mtskheta Municipality, whereas the most biodiversity according to galls form was represented In Algeti National Park. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gall%20wasps" title="gall wasps">gall wasps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oak" title=" oak"> oak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cynipidae" title=" cynipidae"> cynipidae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species" title=" species"> species</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150136/oak-gall-wasps-hymenoptera-cynipidae-cynipini-and-galls-form-recorded-from-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">832</span> The Functions of Spatial Structure in Supporting Socialization in Urban Parks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navid%20Nasrolah%20Mazandarani">Navid Nasrolah Mazandarani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faezeh%20Mohammadi%20Tahrodi"> Faezeh Mohammadi Tahrodi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jr."> Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norshida%20Ujang"> Norshida Ujang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Jan%20Pech"> Richard Jan Pech</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human evolution has designed us to be dependent on social and natural settings, but designed of our modern cities often ignore this fact. It is evident that high-rise buildings dominate most metropolitan city centers. As a result urban parks are very limited and in many cases are not socially responsive to our social needs in these urban ‘jungles’. This paper emphasizes the functions of urban morphology in supporting socialization in Lake Garden, one of the main urban parks in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It discusses two relevant theories; first the concept of users’ experience coined by Kevin Lynch (1960) which states that way-finding is related to the process of forming mental maps of environmental surroundings. Second, the concept of social activity coined by Jan Gehl (1987) which holds that urban public spaces can be more attractive when they provide welcoming places in which people can walk around and spend time. Until recently, research on socio-spatial behavior mainly focused on social ties, place attachment and human well-being; with less focus on the spatial dimension of social behavior. This paper examines the socio-spatial behavior within the spatial structure of the urban park by exploring the relationship between way-finding and social activity. The urban structures defined by the paths and nodes were analyzed as the fundamental topological structure of space to understand their effects on the social engagement pattern. The study uses a photo questionnaire survey to inspect the spatial dimension in relation to the social activities within paths and nodes. To understand the legibility of the park, spatial cognition was evaluated using sketch maps produced by 30 participants who visited the park. The results of the sketch mapping indicated that a spatial image has a strong interrelation with socio-spatial behavior. Moreover, an integrated spatial structure of the park generated integrated use and social activity. It was found that people recognized and remembered the spaces where they engaged in social activities. They could experience the park more thoroughly, when they found their way continuously through an integrated park structure. Therefore, the benefits of both perceptual and social dimensions of planning and design happened simultaneously. The findings can assist urban planners and designers to redevelop urban parks by considering the social quality design that contributes to clear mental images of these places. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20structure" title="spatial structure">spatial structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20activities" title=" social activities"> social activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sketch%20map" title=" sketch map"> sketch map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20park" title=" urban park"> urban park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=way-finding" title=" way-finding"> way-finding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43433/the-functions-of-spatial-structure-in-supporting-socialization-in-urban-parks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">831</span> Analysis on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Potential by Deploying the Green Cars in Korean Road Transport Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungjun%20Hong">Sungjun Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanghon%20Chung"> Yanghon Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyunbae%20Park"> Nyunbae Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangyong%20Park"> Sangyong Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> South Korea, as the 7th largest greenhouse gas emitting country in 2011, announced that the national reduction target of greenhouse gas emissions was 30% based on BAU (Business As Usual) by 2020. And the reduction rate of the transport sector is 34.3% which is the highest figure among all sectors. This paper attempts to analyze the environmental effect on deploying the green cars in Korean road transport sector. In order to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions, the LEAP model is applied in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20car" title="green car">green car</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas" title=" greenhouse gas"> greenhouse gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEAP%20model" title=" LEAP model"> LEAP model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20transport%20sector" title=" road transport sector"> road transport sector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18570/analysis-on-greenhouse-gas-emissions-potential-by-deploying-the-green-cars-in-korean-road-transport-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">615</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">830</span> Ultra-Sensitive and Real Time Detection of ZnO NW Using QCM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juneseok%20You">Juneseok You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuewhan%20Jang"> Kuewhan Jang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanho%20Park"> Chanho Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaeyeong%20Choi"> Jaeyeong Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyunjun%20Park"> Hyunjun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sehyun%20Shin"> Sehyun Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changsoo%20Han"> Changsoo Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungsoo%20Na"> Sungsoo Na</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanomaterials occur toxic effects to human being or ecological systems. Some sensors have been developed to detect toxic materials and the standard for toxic materials has been established. Zinc oxide nanowire (ZnO NW) is known for toxic material. By ionizing in cell body, ionized Zn ions are overexposed to cell components, which cause critical damage or death. In this paper, we detected ZnO NW in water using QCM (Quartz Crystal Microbalance) and ssDNA (single strand DNA). We achieved 30 minutes of response time for real time detection and 100 pg/mL of limit of detection (LOD). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide%20nanowire" title="zinc oxide nanowire">zinc oxide nanowire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QCM" title=" QCM"> QCM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ssDNA" title=" ssDNA"> ssDNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxic%20material" title=" toxic material"> toxic material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title=" biosensor"> biosensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43680/ultra-sensitive-and-real-time-detection-of-zno-nw-using-qcm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">829</span> Study of Drawing Characteristics due to Friction between the Materials by FEM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won%20Jin%20Ryu">Won Jin Ryu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mok%20Tan%20Ahn"> Mok Tan Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeok%20Choi"> Hyeok Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joon%20Hong%20Park"> Joon Hong Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Min%20Kim"> Sung Min Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Bae%20Park"> Jong Bae Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pipes for offshore plants require specifications that satisfy both high strength and high corrosion resistance. Therefore, currently, clad pipes are used in offshore plants. Clad pipes can be made using either overlay welding or clad plates. The present study was intended to figure out the effects of friction between two materials, which is a factor that affects two materials, were figured out using FEM to make clad pipes through heterogenous material drawing instead of the two methods mentioned above. Therefore, FEM has conducted while all other variables that the variable friction was fixed. The experimental results showed increases in pullout force along with increases in the friction in the boundary layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clad%20pipe" title="clad pipe">clad pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction" title=" friction"> friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pullout%20force" title=" pullout force"> pullout force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60654/study-of-drawing-characteristics-due-to-friction-between-the-materials-by-fem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">828</span> Smart Safari: Safari Guidance Mobile Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20P.%20Lawrence">D. P. Lawrence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20M.%20M.%20D.%20Ariyarathna"> T. M. M. D. Ariyarathna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20N.%20K.%20De%20Silva"> W. N. K. De Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20D.%20S.%20C.%20De%20Silva"> M. D. S. C. De Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lasantha%20Abeysiri"> Lasantha Abeysiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Abeygunawardhna"> Pradeep Abeygunawardhna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Safari traveling is one of the most famous hobbies all over the world. In Sri Lanka, 'Yala' is the second-largest national park, which is a better place to go for a safari. Many number of local and foreign travelers are coming to go for a safari in 'Yala'. But 'Yala' does not have a mobile application that is made to facilitate the traveler with some important features that the traveler wants to achieve in the safari experience. To overcome these difficulties, the proposed mobile application by adding those identified features to make travelers, guiders, and administration's works easier. The proposed safari traveling guidance mobile application is called 'SMART SAFARI' for the 'Yala' National Park in Sri Lanka. There are four facilities in this mobile application that provide for travelers as well as the guiders. As the first facility, the guider and traveler can view the created map of the park, and the guider can add temporary locations of animals and special locations on the map. This is a Geographic Information System (GIS) to capture, analyze, and display geographical data. And as the second facility is to generate optimal paths according to the travelers' requirements through the park by using machine learning techniques. In the third part, the traveler can get information about animals using an animal identification system by capturing the animal. As in the other facility, the traveler will be facilitated to add reviews and a rate and view those comments under categorized sections and pre-defined score range. With those facilities, this user-friendly mobile application provides the user to get a better experience in safari traveling, and it will probably help to develop tourism culture in Sri Lanka. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20identification%20system" title="animal identification system">animal identification system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20system" title=" geographic information system"> geographic information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning%20techniques" title=" machine learning techniques"> machine learning techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre%20defined%20score%20range" title=" pre defined score range"> pre defined score range</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132289/smart-safari-safari-guidance-mobile-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">827</span> Some Imaginative Geomorphosites in Malaysia: Study on Their Formations and Geotourism Potentials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dony%20Adriansyah%20Nazaruddin">Dony Adriansyah Nazaruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Muqtada%20Ali%20Khan"> Mohammad Muqtada Ali Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to present some imaginative geomorphological sites in Malaysia. This study comprises desk study and field study. Desk study was conducted by reviewing some literatures related to the topic and some geomorphosites in Malaysia. Field study was organized in 2013 and 2014 to investigate the recent situation of these sites and to take some measurements, photographs and rock samples. Some examples of imaginative geomorphosites all over Malaysia have been identified for this purpose. In Peninsular Malaysia, some geomorphosites in Langkawi Islands (the state of Kedah) have imaginative features such as a “turtle” atop the limestone hill of Setul Formation at the Kilim Geoforest Park, a “shoe” at the Kasut island of the Kilim Geoforest Park, a “lying pregnant lady” at the Dayang Bunting island of the Dayang Bunting Marble Geoforest Park, and a “ship” of the Singa Kecil island. Meanwhile, some other examples are from the state of Kelantan, such as a mogote hill with a “human face looking upward” at Gunung Reng, Jeli District and a “boat rock” at Mount Chamah, Gua Musang District. In East Malaysia, there is only one example can be identified, it is the “Abraham Lincoln’s face” at the Deer Cave, Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak. Karst landforms dominate the imaginative geomorphosites in Malaysia. The formations of these features are affected by some endogenic and exogenic processes, such as tectonic uplift, weathering (including solution), erosion, and so on. This study will recommend that these imaginative features should be conserved and developed for some purposes, such as research, education, and geotourism development in Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geomorphosite" title="geomorphosite">geomorphosite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotourism" title=" geotourism"> geotourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earth%20processes" title=" earth processes"> earth processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=karst%20landforms" title=" karst landforms"> karst landforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19408/some-imaginative-geomorphosites-in-malaysia-study-on-their-formations-and-geotourism-potentials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">626</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">826</span> CO2 Emissions Quantification of the Modular Bridge Superstructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanhyuck%20Jeon">Chanhyuck Jeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongho%20Park"> Jongho Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinwoong%20Choi"> Jinwoong Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungnam%20Hong"> Sungnam Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun-Kyu%20Park"> Sun-Kyu Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many industries put emphasis on environmentally-friendliness as environmental problems are on the rise all over the world. Among themselves, the Modular Bridge research is going on. Also performing cross-section optimization and duration reducing, this research aims at developing the modular bridge with Environment-Friendliness and economic feasibility. However, the difficulty lies in verifying environmental effectiveness because there are no field applications of the modular bridge until now. Therefore, this thesis is categorized according to the form of the modular bridge superstructure and assessed CO₂ emission quantification per work types and materials according to each form to verify the environmental effectiveness of the modular bridge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modular%20bridge" title="modular bridge">modular bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20emission" title=" CO2 emission"> CO2 emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmentally%20friendly" title=" environmentally friendly"> environmentally friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantification" title=" quantification"> quantification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20emission%20factor" title=" carbon emission factor"> carbon emission factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LCA%20%28Life%20Cycle%20Assessment%29" title=" LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)"> LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28224/co2-emissions-quantification-of-the-modular-bridge-superstructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">555</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">825</span> Local People’s Livelihoods and Coping Strategies in the Wake of a Co-management System in the Campo Ma'an National Park, Cameroon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nchanji%20Yvonne%20Kiki">Nchanji Yvonne Kiki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mala%20William%20Armand"> Mala William Armand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nchanji%20Eileen%20Bogweh"> Nchanji Eileen Bogweh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramcilovik-Suominen%20Sabaheta"> Ramcilovik-Suominen Sabaheta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kotilainen%20Juha"> Kotilainen Juha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Campo Ma'an National Park was created as part of an environmental and biodiversity compensation for the Chad-Cameroon Oil Pipeline Project, which was meant to help alleviate poverty and boost the livelihood of rural communities around the area. This paper examines different strategies and coping mechanisms employed by the indigenous people and local communities to deal with the national and internationally driven conservation policies and initiatives in the case of the Campo Ma'an National Park. While most literature on park management/co-management/nature conservation has focused on the negative implications for local peoples’ livelihoods, fewer studies have investigated the strategies of local people to respond to these policies and renegotiate their position in a way that enables them to continue their traditional livelihoods using the existing local knowledge systems. This study contributes to the current literature by zooming into not only the impacts of nature conservation policies but also the local individual and collective strategies and responses to such policies and initiatives. We employ a qualitative research approach using ethnomethodology and a convivial lens to analyze data collected from October to November 2018. We find that conservation policies have worsened some existing livelihoods on the one hand and constrained livelihood improvement of indigenous people and local communities (IPLC) on the other hand. Nonetheless, the IPLC has devised individual and collective coping mechanisms to deal with these conservation interventions and the negative effects they have caused. Upon exploring these mechanisms and their effectiveness, this study proposes a management approach to conservation centered on both people and nature, based on indigenous and local people's knowledge and practices, promoting nature for and by humans and strengthening both livelihood and conservation. We take inspiration from the convivial conservation approach and thinking by Bucher and Fletcher. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation%20policies" title="conservation policies">conservation policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20park%20management" title=" national park management"> national park management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20and%20local%20people%E2%80%99s%20experiences" title=" indigenous and local people’s experiences"> indigenous and local people’s experiences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livelihoods" title=" livelihoods"> livelihoods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20knowledge" title=" local knowledge"> local knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coping%20strategies" title=" coping strategies"> coping strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conviviality" title=" conviviality"> conviviality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145750/local-peoples-livelihoods-and-coping-strategies-in-the-wake-of-a-co-management-system-in-the-campo-maan-national-park-cameroon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">824</span> Eco-Politics of Infrastructure Development in and Around Protected Areas in Kenya: The Case of Nairobi National Park</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teresa%20Wanjiru%20Mbatia">Teresa Wanjiru Mbatia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On 7th June 2011, the government Minister of Roads in Kenya announced the proposed construction of a major highway known as a southern bypass to run on the northern border of the Nairobi National Park. The following day on 8th June 2011, the chairperson of the Friends of Nairobi National Park (FONNAP) posted a protest statement on their website, with the heading, ‘Nairobi Park is Not a cake’ alerting its members and conservation groups, with the aim of getting support to the campaign against the government’s intention to hive off a section of the park for road construction. This was the first and earliest statement that led to a series of other events that culminated in conservationists and some other members of the public campaign against the government’s plan to hive off sections of the park to build road and railway infrastructure in or around the park. Together with other non-state actors, mostly non-governmental organisations in conservation/environment and tourism businesses, FoNNAP issued a series of other statements on social, print and electronic media to battle against road and railway construction. This paper examined the strategies, outcomes and interests of actors involved in opposing/proposing the development of transport infrastructure in and around the Nairobi National Park. Specifically, the objectives were to analyse the: (1) Arguments put forward by the eco-warriors to protest infrastructure development; (2) Background and interests of the eco-warriors; (3) Needs/interests and opinions of ordinary common citizens on transport infrastructural development, particularly in and around the urban nature reserve and (4) Final outcomes of the eco-politics surrounding infrastructure development in and around Nairobi National Park. The methodological approach used was environmental history and the social construction of nature. The study collected combined qualitative data using four main approaches, the grounded theory approach, narratives, case studies and a phenomenological approach. The information collected was analysed using critical discourse analysis. The major findings of the study were that under the guise of “public participation,” influential non-state actors have the capacity to perpetuate social-spatial inequalities in the form of curtailing the majority from accessing common public goods. A case in point in this study is how the efforts of powerful conservationists, environmentalists, and tourism businesspersons managed to stall the construction of much-needed road and railway infrastructure severally through litigations in lengthy environmental court processes involving injunctions and stop orders to the government bodies in charge. Moreover, powerful non-state actors were found to have formed informal and sometimes formal coalitions with politicians with selfish interests, which serves to deepen the exclusionary practices and the common good. The study concludes that mostly composed of certain types of elites (NGOs, business communities, politicians and privileged social-cultural groups), non-state actors have used participatory policies to advance their own interests at the expense of the majority whom they claim to represent. These practices are traced to the historically unjust social, political, and economic forces involved in the production of space in Nairobi. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-politics" title="eco-politics">eco-politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exclusion" title=" exclusion"> exclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nairobi%20national%20park" title=" Nairobi national park"> Nairobi national park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-state%20actors" title=" non-state actors"> non-state actors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protests" title=" protests"> protests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140135/eco-politics-of-infrastructure-development-in-and-around-protected-areas-in-kenya-the-case-of-nairobi-national-park" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">823</span> Repetitive Compulsions of Trauma: Critically Analyzing Damages Done When Perpetuating Heroic White Masculinity at Federally Managed United States Civil War Battlefields</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cait%20M.%20Henry">Cait M. Henry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Jackson"> Sarah Jackson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abstract-This study is built from the culmination of four years of research into the cultural interpretation of Civil War heritage at a National Park Service (NPS) site, namely the Manassas National Battlefield Park, within an increasingly contentious political landscape surrounding the U.S. Civil War. Originating as questions regarding the relevancy of historic battlefields to the current culture within the United States soon evolved into more philosophical questions about what it means to feel welcome at a battlefield site, and what are considered appropriate actions and behaviors at what was once a mass gravesite. In trying to answer these questions, this work aims to critically analyze the confluence between the cultural authority of the NPS and collective memories of the U.S. Civil War. Operationalizing trauma as repeated violent acts within public spaces, the authors posit that the normalization of violence from white or white-passing men partially stems from the glorification of heroic white masculinity at National Park Service Civil War battlefield sites—especially those which also commemorate Confederate military strategy and prowess. From here the study moves outward to focus on the prevalence of heroic white masculinity within the nation’s current social zeitgeist, and particularly the notion that to take back masculinity one must utilize violence as a means of symbolic restoration from perceptions of white victimhood. The study ends with case studies of dark tourism framing at international battlefields as models for expanding heritage interpretation at the NPS site to foster narratives of empathy and responsibility within an increasingly contentious political landscape within the United States of America. Visitors do not leave Manassas National Battlefield Park with answers about the social and moral implications of the U.S. Civil War, but the tools for championing their own (predominantly white) heroic masculinity. As such, it is only logical that one common reaction when masculinity is symbolically threatened is to enact violence against Others as a restorative force within the United States. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confederate%20heritage" title="confederate heritage">confederate heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=military%20history" title=" military history"> military history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20park%20service" title=" national park service"> national park service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20States%20civil%20war" title=" United States civil war"> United States civil war</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193101/repetitive-compulsions-of-trauma-critically-analyzing-damages-done-when-perpetuating-heroic-white-masculinity-at-federally-managed-united-states-civil-war-battlefields" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">822</span> Flow Characteristic Analysis for Hatch Type Air Vent Head of Bulk Cargo Ship by Computational Fluid Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanik%20Park">Hanik Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyungsook%20Jeon"> Kyungsook Jeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suchul%20Shin"> Suchul Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youngchul%20Park"> Youngchul Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The air vent head prevents the inflow of seawater into the cargo holds when it is used for the ballast tank on heavy weather. In this study, the flow characteristics and the grid size were created by the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics by taking into the consideration of comparison of test results. Then, the accuracy of the analysis was verified by comparing with experimental results. Based on this analysis, accurate turbulence model and grid size can be selected. Thus, the design characteristic of air vent head for bulk carrier contributes the reliability based on the research results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20carrier" title="bulk carrier">bulk carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SST" title=" SST"> SST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vent" title=" vent"> vent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50159/flow-characteristic-analysis-for-hatch-type-air-vent-head-of-bulk-cargo-ship-by-computational-fluid-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">821</span> Intelligent Decision Support for Wind Park Operation: Machine-Learning Based Detection and Diagnosis of Anomalous Operating States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20Meyer">Angela Meyer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The operation and maintenance cost for wind parks make up a major fraction of the park’s overall lifetime cost. To minimize the cost and risk involved, an optimal operation and maintenance strategy requires continuous monitoring and analysis. In order to facilitate this, we present a decision support system that automatically scans the stream of telemetry sensor data generated from the turbines. By learning decision boundaries and normal reference operating states using machine learning algorithms, the decision support system can detect anomalous operating behavior in individual wind turbines and diagnose the involved turbine sub-systems. Operating personal can be alerted if a normal operating state boundary is exceeded. The presented decision support system and method are applicable for any turbine type and manufacturer providing telemetry data of the turbine operating state. We demonstrate the successful detection and diagnosis of anomalous operating states in a case study at a German onshore wind park comprised of Vestas V112 turbines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anomaly%20detection" title="anomaly detection">anomaly detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20support" title=" decision support"> decision support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20optimization" title=" performance optimization"> performance optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbines" title=" wind turbines "> wind turbines </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118859/intelligent-decision-support-for-wind-park-operation-machine-learning-based-detection-and-diagnosis-of-anomalous-operating-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">820</span> Bee Keeping for Human-Elephant Conflict Mitigation: A Success Story for Sustainable Tourism in Kibale National Park, Western Uganda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorothy%20Kagazi">Dorothy Kagazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The African elephant (Loxodonta africana) remains one of the most crop-damaging species around Kibale National Park, western Uganda. Elephant crop raiding deprives communities of food and incomes, consequently impacting livelihoods, attitude, and support for conservation. It also attracts an aggressive reaction from local communities including the retaliatory killing of a species that is already endangered and listed under Appendix I of the Convention on Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES). In order to mitigate against elephant crop raiding and minimize conflict, a number of interventions were devised by the government of Uganda such as physical guarding, scare-shooting, excavation of trenches, growing of unpalatable crops and fire lighting all of which have over the years been implemented around the park. These generated varying degrees of effectiveness but largely never solved the problem of elephants crossing into communities to destroy food and shelter which had a negative effect onto sustainable tourism of the communities who often resorted to killing these animals and hence contributing the falling numbers of these animals. It was until government discovered that there are far more effective ways of deterring these animals from crossing to communities that it commissioned a study to deploy the African honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata) as a deterrent against elephant crop raiding and income enhancement for local people around the park. These efforts led to a number of projects around Kibale National Park where communities were facilitated to keep bees for human-elephant conflict mitigation and rural income enhancement through the sale of honey. These projects have registered tremendous success in reducing crop damage, enhance rural incomes, influence positive attitude change and ultimately secure community support for elephant and park conservation which is a clear manifestation of sustainable tourism development in the area. To address the issue of sustainability, the project was aligned with four major objectives that contributed to the overall goal of maintaining the areas around the parks and the national park itself in such a manner that it remains viable over an infinite period. Among these included determining deterrence effects of bees against elephant crop raiding, assessing the contribution of beekeeping towards rural income enhancement, determining the impact of community involvement of park conservation and management among others. The project deployed 500 improved hives by placing them at specific and previously identified and mapped out elephant crossing points along the park boundary. A control site was established without any intervention to facilitate comparison of findings and data was collected on elephant raiding frequency, patterns, honey harvested, and community attitude towards the park. A socio-economic assessment was also undertaken to ascertain the contribution of beekeeping to incomes and attitude change. In conclusion, human-wildlife conflicts have disturbed conservation and sustainable tourism development efforts. Such success stories like the beekeeping strategy should hence be extensively discussed and widely shared as a conservation technique for sustainable tourism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bees" title="bees">bees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communities" title=" communities"> communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title=" conservation"> conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elephants" title=" elephants"> elephants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88976/bee-keeping-for-human-elephant-conflict-mitigation-a-success-story-for-sustainable-tourism-in-kibale-national-park-western-uganda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88976.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">819</span> Habitat Preference of Lepidoptera (Butterflies), Using Geospatial Analysis in Diyasaru Wetland Park, Western Province, Sri Lanka</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiripurage%20Mallika%20Sandamali%20Dissanayaka">Hiripurage Mallika Sandamali Dissanayaka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Butterflies are found everywhere on Earth, helping flowering plants reproduce through pollination. Wetlands perform many valuable functions such as providing wildlife habitat. Diyasaru Wetland Park was chosen as the study site. It is located in a highly urbanized area of Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Sri Lanka. A distribution map was prepared to increase butterfly habitat in the urbanized area, and research was conducted to determine the most suitable sections for using it. As this wetland has footpaths for walking, line transect surveys were used to mark species within the sampling area, and directly observed species were recorded. All data collection was done from 0900 to 1200 hours and 1300 to 1600 hours and fieldwork was done from 11 February 2020 to 20 January 2021. ED binoculars (10.5x45), DSLR cameras (Canon EOS/EFS5 mm 3.5-5.6), and Garmin GPS (Etrex 10) were used to observe butterfly species, identify locations, and take photographs as evidence. Analyzing their habitats using GIS (ArcGIS Pro) to identify their distribution within the park premises, the distribution density of the known size of the population was calculated for each point by kernel density, and local similarity values were calculated for each pair of corresponding features through hotspot analysis, and cell values were determined by inverse distance weighting (IDW) using a linearly weighted combination of a set of sample points. According to the maps prepared to predict the distribution of butterflies in this park, the high level of distribution or favorable areas were near flower gardens and meadows, but some individual species prefer habitats that are more suitable for their life activities, so they live in other areas. Sixty-six (66) species belonging to six (6) families have been recorded in the premises. Sixty (60) species of least concern (LC), two (2) near threatened (NT), and four (4) vulnerable (VU) species have been recorded, and several new species, such as Plum Judy (Abisara echerius), were reported. The outcome of the study will form the basis for decision-making by the Sri Lanka Land Development (SLLD) Corporation for the future development and maintenance of the park. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetland" title="wetland">wetland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lepidoptera" title=" Lepidoptera"> Lepidoptera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=habitat" title=" habitat"> habitat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban" title=" urban"> urban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=west" title=" west"> west</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182159/habitat-preference-of-lepidoptera-butterflies-using-geospatial-analysis-in-diyasaru-wetland-park-western-province-sri-lanka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">49</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">818</span> Analysis of Stacked SCR-Based ESD Protection Circuit with Low Trigger Voltage and Latch-Up Immunity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Geol%20Park">Jun-Geol Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoung-Il%20Do"> Kyoung-Il Do</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Ju%20Kwon"> Min-Ju Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung-Hyun%20Park"> Kyung-Hyun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Seo%20Koo"> Yong-Seo Koo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we proposed the SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier)-based ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) protection circuit for latch-up immunity. The proposed circuit has a lower trigger voltage and a higher holding voltage characteristic by using the zener diode structure. These characteristics prevent latch-up problem in normal operating conditions. The proposed circuit was analyzed to figure out the electrical characteristics by the variations of design parameters D1, D2 and stack technology to obtain the n-fold electrical characteristics. The simulations are accomplished by using the Synopsys TCAD simulator. When using the stack technology, 2-stack has the holding voltage of 6.9V and 3-stack has the holding voltage of 10.9V. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESD" title="ESD">ESD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCR" title=" SCR"> SCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trigger%20voltage" title=" trigger voltage"> trigger voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holding%20voltage" title=" holding voltage"> holding voltage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56482/analysis-of-stacked-scr-based-esd-protection-circuit-with-low-trigger-voltage-and-latch-up-immunity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">524</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">817</span> The Optimization Design of Sound Absorbing for Automotive Interior Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Un-Hwan%20Park">Un-Hwan Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-Hyeok%20Heo"> Jun-Hyeok Heo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In-Sung%20Lee"> In-Sung Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Hyeon%20Oh"> Tae-Hyeon Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dae-Gyu%20Park"> Dae-Gyu Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nonwoven fabric such as an automobile interior material becomes consists of several material layers required for the sound-absorbing function. Because several material layers, many experimental tuning is required to achieve the target of sound absorption. Therefore, a lot of time and money is spent in the development of the car interior materials. In this study, we present the method to predict the sound-absorbing performance of the various layers with physical properties of each material. and we will verify it with the measured value of a prototype. If the sound absorption can be estimated, it can be optimized without a number of tuning tests of the interiors. So, it can reduce the development cost and time during development <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive%20interior%20material" title="automotive interior material">automotive interior material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sound%20absorbing" title=" sound absorbing"> sound absorbing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization%20design" title=" optimization design"> optimization design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonwoven%20fabric" title=" nonwoven fabric"> nonwoven fabric</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51023/the-optimization-design-of-sound-absorbing-for-automotive-interior-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">837</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">816</span> Genetic Identification of Crop Cultivars Using Barcode System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kesavan%20Markkandan">Kesavan Markkandan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ha%20Young%20Park"> Ha Young Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Il%20Yoo"> Seung-Il Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sin-Gi%20Park"> Sin-Gi Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junhyung%20Park"> Junhyung Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For genetic identification of crop cultivars, insertions/deletions (InDel) markers have been preferred currently because they are easy to use, PCR based, co-dominant and relatively abundant. However, new InDels need to be developed for genetic studies of new varieties due to the difference of allele frequencies in InDels among the population groups. These new varieties are evolved with low levels of genetic diversity in specific genome loci with high recombination rate. In this study, we described soybean barcode system approach based on InDel makers, each of which is specific to a variation block (VB), where the genomes split by all assumed recombination sites. Firstly, VBs in crop cultivars were mined for transferability to VB-specific InDel markers. Secondly, putative InDels in the VB regions were identified for the development of barcode system by analyzing particular cultivar’s whole genome data. Thirdly, common VB-specific InDels from all cultivars were selected by gel electrophoresis, which were converted as 2D barcode types according to comparing amplicon polymorphisms in the five cultivars to the reference cultivar. Finally, the polymorphism of the selected markers was assessed with other cultivars, and the barcode system that allows a clear distinction among those cultivars is described. The same approach can be applicable for other commercial crops. Hence, VB-based genetic identification not only minimize the molecular markers but also useful for assessing cultivars and for marker-assisted breeding in other crop species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation%20block" title="variation block">variation block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymorphism" title=" polymorphism"> polymorphism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InDel%20marker" title=" InDel marker"> InDel marker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20identification" title=" genetic identification"> genetic identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67342/genetic-identification-of-crop-cultivars-using-barcode-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">815</span> Remotely Sensed Data Fusion to Extract Vegetation Cover in the Cultural Park of Tassili, South of Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Fekir">Y. Fekir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mederbal"> K. Mederbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Hammadouche"> M. A. Hammadouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Anteur"> D. Anteur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cultural park of the Tassili, occupying a large area of Algeria, is characterized by a rich vegetative biodiversity to be preserved and managed both in time and space. The management of a large area (case of Tassili), by its complexity, needs large amounts of data, which for the most part, are spatially localized (DEM, satellite images and socio-economic information etc.), where the use of conventional and traditional methods is quite difficult. The remote sensing, by its efficiency in environmental applications, became an indispensable solution for this kind of studies. Multispectral imaging sensors have been very useful in the last decade in very interesting applications of remote sensing. They can aid in several domains such as the de¬tection and identification of diverse surface targets, topographical details, and geological features. In this work, we try to extract vegetative areas using fusion techniques between data acquired from sensor on-board the Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) satellite and Landsat ETM+ and TM sensors. We have used images acquired over the Oasis of Djanet in the National Park of Tassili in the south of Algeria. Fusion technqiues were applied on the obtained image to extract the vegetative fraction of the different classes of land use. We compare the obtained results in vegetation end member extraction with vegetation indices calculated from both Hyperion and other multispectral sensors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Landsat%20ETM%2B" title="Landsat ETM+">Landsat ETM+</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EO1" title=" EO1"> EO1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20fusion" title=" data fusion"> data fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetation" title=" vegetation"> vegetation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tassili" title=" Tassili"> Tassili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9997/remotely-sensed-data-fusion-to-extract-vegetation-cover-in-the-cultural-park-of-tassili-south-of-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">814</span> Assessment of the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken Fern) Invasion on the Grassland Plateau in Nyika National Park</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Kanzunguze">Andrew Kanzunguze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lusayo%20Mwabumba"> Lusayo Mwabumba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20K.%20Gilbertson"> Jason K. Gilbertson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominic%20B.%20Gondwe"> Dominic B. Gondwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Z.%20Nxumayo"> George Z. Nxumayo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge about the spatio-temporal distribution of invasive plants in protected areas provides a base from which hypotheses explaining proliferation of plant invasions can be made alongside development of relevant invasive plant monitoring programs. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of bracken fern on the grassland plateau of Nyika National Park over the past 30 years (1986-2016) as well as to determine the current extent of the invasion. Remote sensing, machine learning, and statistical modelling techniques (object-based image analysis, image classification and linear regression analysis) in geographical information systems were used to determine both the spatial and temporal distribution of bracken fern in the study area. Results have revealed that bracken fern has been increasing coverage on the Nyika plateau at an estimated annual rate of 87.3 hectares since 1986. This translates to an estimated net increase of 2,573.1 hectares, which was recorded from 1,788.1 hectares (1986) to 4,361.9 hectares (2016). As of 2017 bracken fern covered 20,940.7 hectares, approximately 14.3% of the entire grassland plateau. Additionally, it was observed that the fern was distributed most densely around Chelinda camp (on the central plateau) as well as in forest verges and roadsides across the plateau. Based on these results it is recommended that Ecological Niche Modelling approaches be employed to (i) isolate the most important factors influencing bracken fern proliferation as well as (ii) identify and prioritize areas requiring immediate control interventions so as to minimize bracken fern proliferation in Nyika National Park. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bracken%20fern" title="bracken fern">bracken fern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20classification" title=" image classification"> image classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Landsat-8" title=" Landsat-8"> Landsat-8</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyika%20National%20Park" title=" Nyika National Park"> Nyika National Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatio-temporal%20distribution" title=" spatio-temporal distribution "> spatio-temporal distribution </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99832/assessment-of-the-spatio-temporal-distribution-of-pteridium-aquilinum-bracken-fern-invasion-on-the-grassland-plateau-in-nyika-national-park" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">813</span> Diversity of Large Mammals in Awash National Park and its Ecosystem Role and Biodiversity Conservation, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sintayehu%20W.%20Dejene">Sintayehu W. Dejene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An ecological and biodiversity conservation study on species composition, population status and habitat association of large mammals and the impact of human interference on their distribution was carried out in Awash National Park, Ethiopia during October, 2012 to July, 2013. A total of 25 species of large mammals were recorded from the study area. Representative sample sites were taken from each habitat type and surveyed using random line transect method. For medium and large mammal survey, indirect methods (foot print and dung) and direct observations were used. Twenty three species of medium to large-sized mammals were identified and recorded from ANP. A total of 25 species of median and large size mammals were recorded from the study area. Out of this, 20 species were rodents of three families and five species were insectivores of two families. Beisa Oryx (Oryx beisa beisa),Soemmerings gazelle (Gazella soemmeringi),Defassa waterbuck (Kobus defassa), Lesser Kudu (Strepsiceros imberbis), Greater Kudu (Strepsiceros strepsiceros), Warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus), Baboon (Papio anubis baboon) and Salt's dikdik (Madoqua saltiana) were the most common seen median and large mammals in the study area. Beisa Oryx (Oryx beisa beisa) and Sommering Gazelles (Gazella soemmeringi) are commonly found in the open areas, where as Greater Kudus (Strepsiceros strepsiceros) and Lesser Kudus (Strepsiceros imberbis) was seen in the bushed areas. Defarsa waterbuck (Kobus defassa) was observed in the bushy river area in Northern part of the Park. Anubis baboon (Papio anubis baboon) was seen near to the river side. Hamadryas baboon founded in semi-desert areas of Awash National Park, particularly in Filwoha area. The area is one of a key biodiversity conservation and provide pure water, air, food, grazing land and storage of carbon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awash%20national%20park" title="awash national park">awash national park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title=" biodiversity"> biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystem%20value" title=" ecosystem value"> ecosystem value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=habitat%20association" title=" habitat association"> habitat association</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20mammals" title=" large mammals"> large mammals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20status" title=" population status"> population status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20composition" title=" species composition"> species composition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15243/diversity-of-large-mammals-in-awash-national-park-and-its-ecosystem-role-and-biodiversity-conservation-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">812</span> Illegal Anthropogenic Activity Drives Large Mammal Population Declines in an African Protected Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluseun%20A.%20Akinsorotan">Oluseun A. Akinsorotan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Louise%20K.%20Gentle"> Louise K. Gentle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Mofakkarul%20Islam"> Md. Mofakkarul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20W.%20Yarnell"> Richard W. Yarnell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High levels of anthropogenic activity such as habitat destruction, poaching and encroachment into natural habitat have resulted in significant global wildlife declines. In order to protect wildlife, many protected areas such as national parks have been created. However, it is argued that many protected areas are only protected in name and are often exposed to continued, and often illegal, anthropogenic pressure. In West African protected areas, declines of large mammals have been documented between 1962 and 2008. This study aimed to produce occupancy estimates of the remaining large mammal fauna in the third largest National Park in Nigeria, Old Oyo, and to compare the estimates with historic estimates while also attempting to quantify levels of illegal anthropogenic activity using a multi-disciplinary approach. Large mammal populations and levels of illegal anthropogenic activity were assessed using empirical field data (camera trapping and transect surveys) in combination with data from questionnaires completed by local villagers and park rangers. Four of the historically recorded species in the park, lion (Panthera leo), hunting dog (Lycaon pictus), elephant (Loxodonta africana) and buffalo (Syncerus caffer) were not detected during field studies nor were they reported by respondents. In addition, occupancy estimates of hunters and illegal grazers were higher than the majority of large mammal species inside the park. This finding was reinforced by responses from the villagers and rangers who’s perception was that large mammal densities in the park were declining, and that a large proportion of the local people were entering the park to hunt wild animals and graze their domestic livestock. Our findings also suggest that widespread poverty and a lack of alternative livelihood opportunities, culture of consuming bushmeat, lack of education and awareness of the value of protected areas, and weak law enforcement are some of the reasons for the illegal activity. Law enforcement authorities were often constrained by insufficient on-site personnel and a lack of modern equipment and infrastructure to deter illegal activities. We conclude that there is a need to address the issue of illegal hunting and livestock grazing, via provision of alternative livelihoods, in combination with community outreach programmes that aim to improve conservation education and awareness and develop the capacity of the conservation authorities in order to achieve conservation goals. Our findings have implications for the conservation management of all protected areas that are available for exploitation by local communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camera%20trapping" title="camera trapping">camera trapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title=" conservation"> conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extirpation" title=" extirpation"> extirpation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illegal%20grazing" title=" illegal grazing"> illegal grazing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20mammals" title=" large mammals"> large mammals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20park" title=" national park"> national park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupancy%20estimates" title=" occupancy estimates"> occupancy estimates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poaching" title=" poaching"> poaching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57130/illegal-anthropogenic-activity-drives-large-mammal-population-declines-in-an-african-protected-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">811</span> Post-occupancy Evaluation of Greenway Based on Multi-source data : A Case Study of Jincheng Greenway in Chengdu</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qin%20Zhu">Qin Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Under the development concept of Park City, Tianfu Greenway system, as the basic and pre-configuration element of Chengdu Global Park construction, connects urban open space with linear and circular structures and undertakes and exerts the ecological, cultural and recreational functions of the park system. Chengdu greenway construction is in full swing. In the process of greenway planning and construction, the landscape effect of greenway on urban quality improvement is more valued, and the long-term impact of crowd experience on the sustainable development of greenway is often ignored. Therefore, it is very important to test the effectiveness of greenway construction from the perspective of users. Taking Jincheng Greenway in Chengdu as an example, this paper attempts to introduce multi-source data to construct a post-occupancy evaluation model of greenway and adopts behavior mapping method, questionnaire survey method, web text analysis and IPA analysis method to comprehensively evaluate the user 's behavior characteristics and satisfaction. According to the evaluation results, we can grasp the actual behavior rules and comprehensive needs of users so that the experience of building greenways can be fed back in time and provide guidance for the optimization and improvement of built greenways and the planning and construction of future greenways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-source%20data" title="multi-source data">multi-source data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenway" title=" greenway"> greenway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPA%20analysis" title=" IPA analysis"> IPA analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post%20-occupancy%20evaluation%20%28POE%29" title=" post -occupancy evaluation (POE)"> post -occupancy evaluation (POE)</a> </p> <a 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