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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Half back position in rugby league</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the rugby league position. For the rugby union positions, see <a href="/wiki/First_five-eighths" class="mw-redirect" title="First five-eighths">First five-eighths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_five-eighths" title="Second five-eighths">Second five-eighths</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/5/8_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="5/8 (disambiguation)">5/8</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Bosc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Thomas_Bosc.jpg/175px-Thomas_Bosc.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Thomas_Bosc.jpg/263px-Thomas_Bosc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Thomas_Bosc.jpg/350px-Thomas_Bosc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1770" data-file-height="2202" /></a><figcaption>Stand-offs such as France's <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bosc" title="Thomas Bosc">Thomas Bosc</a> require good passing skills.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Five-eighth</b> or <b>stand-off</b> is one of the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_positions" title="Rugby league positions">positions</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> football team. Wearing jersey number 6, this player is one of the two half backs in a team, partnering the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_positions#Scrum-half" title="Rugby league positions">scrum-half</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes known as the pivot or second receiver,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a traditional attacking 'back-line' (No. 1-7)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> play, the five-eighth would receive the ball from the halfback,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who is the first receiver of the ball from the dummy-half or <a href="/wiki/Hooker_(rugby_league)" title="Hooker (rugby league)">hooker</a> following a <a href="/wiki/Tackle_(football_move)" title="Tackle (football move)">tackle</a>. </p><p>The role of the five-eighth is often to pass the ball away from the congested area around the tackle, further out along the 'back-line' to the outside backs, the centres and wingers, who have more space to run with it.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, players in this position typically assume responsibility for kicking the ball for field position in general play.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five-eighth is therefore considered one of the most important positions, often referred to as a 'play maker', assuming a decision-making role on the field.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, however, as the game has evolved, the roles of the two halves have grown more aligned and difficult to distinguish.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with other key positions – <a href="/wiki/Fullback_(rugby_league)" title="Fullback (rugby league)">fullback</a>, hooker and halfback – the five-eighth makes up what is known as a team's spine.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One book published in 1996 stated that in senior rugby league, the five-eighth and hooker handled the ball more often than any other positions.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rugby_League_International_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby League International Federation">Rugby League International Federation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_rugby_league" title="Laws of rugby league">Laws of the Game</a> state that the "Stand-off half or Five-eighth" is to be numbered 6.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, traditionally players' jersey numbers have varied, and in the modern <a href="/wiki/Super_League" title="Super League">Super League</a>, each squad's players are assigned individual numbers regardless of position. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-eighth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wally_Lewis_(29_April_2004,_Brisbane).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wally_Lewis_%2829_April_2004%2C_Brisbane%29.jpg/150px-Wally_Lewis_%2829_April_2004%2C_Brisbane%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wally_Lewis_%2829_April_2004%2C_Brisbane%29.jpg/225px-Wally_Lewis_%2829_April_2004%2C_Brisbane%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wally_Lewis_%2829_April_2004%2C_Brisbane%29.jpg/300px-Wally_Lewis_%2829_April_2004%2C_Brisbane%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="777" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wally_Lewis" title="Wally Lewis">Wally Lewis</a> was voted Australia's greatest ever five-eighth in 2008.</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally in <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby football</a>, there have always been two half-backs as well as <a href="/wiki/Scrum_(rugby)" title="Scrum (rugby)">scrums</a> involving the forwards. Of the two half backs, the name "scrum half" was given to the one which was involved in the scrum by feeding the ball into it and the name "stand-off half" was given to the one which stood off to the side of the scrum.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Britain, where rugby league originated, this terminology has been retained.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a>, however, "five-eighth" is the term used for the number 6, to differentiate from the "half back" which is the name commonly given to the number 7.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In New Zealand, both terms appear to be used interchangeably. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_stand-offs">Notable stand-offs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-eighth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable stand-offs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Five-eighths that feature in their respective nations' rugby league halls of fame are England's <a href="/wiki/Roger_Millward" title="Roger Millward">Roger Millward</a>, Australia's <a href="/wiki/Wally_Lewis" title="Wally Lewis">Wally Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Fulton" title="Bob Fulton">Bob Fulton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brett_Kenny" title="Brett Kenny">Brett Kenny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Rosenfeld" title="Albert Rosenfeld">Albert Rosenfeld</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vic_Hey" title="Vic Hey">Vic Hey</a>, and New Zealand's <a href="/wiki/George_Menzies" title="George Menzies">George Menzies</a>. </p><p>Rugby league's first known black player, <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Banks" title="Lucius Banks">Lucius Banks</a>, played in the position for <a href="/wiki/Hunslet_R.L.F.C." title="Hunslet R.L.F.C.">Hunslet R.L.F.C.</a> in 1912-13.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-eighth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_positions" title="Rugby league positions">Rugby league positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_gameplay" title="Rugby league gameplay">Rugby league gameplay</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five-eighth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrl.com/the-nrls-10-best-halves-combos/tabid/10874/newsid/70978/default.aspx">"The NRL's 10 best halves combos"</a>. <i>NRL.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Rugby_League" title="National Rugby 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fitness+for+Rugby+League&rft.place=Australia&rft.pub=coachrugbyleague.com.au&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Tim+Rogers+and+Richard+Beesley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcoachrugbyleague.com.au%2FDocuments%2FInternational%2FFitness%2520for%2520Rugby%2520League.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-eighth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rlifmedia.dyndns.org/docs/rugby_laws_book_2007_%20(2).pdf"><i>The International Laws of the Game and Notes of the Laws</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/RLIF" class="mw-redirect" title="RLIF">RLIF</a>. 2007. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Laws+of+the+Game+and+Notes+of+the+Laws&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=RLIF&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frlifmedia.dyndns.org%2Fdocs%2Frugby_laws_book_2007_%2520%282%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-eighth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrego2003" class="citation book cs1">Crego, Robert (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7w-IdhWKi_oC"><i>Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th Centuries</i></a>. USA: Greenwood Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">101–</span>104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31610-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31610-4"><bdi>978-0-313-31610-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sports+and+Games+of+the+18th+and+19th+Centuries&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E101-%3C%2Fspan%3E104&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-313-31610-4&rft.aulast=Crego&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7w-IdhWKi_oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-eighth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHickey2006" class="citation book cs1">Hickey, Julia (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GU3ezfInjVwC"><i>Understanding Rugby League</i></a>. UK: Coachwise. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905540-10-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905540-10-5"><bdi>978-1-905540-10-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Rugby+League&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Coachwise&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-905540-10-5&rft.aulast=Hickey&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGU3ezfInjVwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-eighth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/australianlangua0000unse"><i>Australian Language & Culture</i></a></span>. Australia: <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a>. 2007. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/australianlangua0000unse/page/83">83</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-099-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-099-0"><bdi>978-1-74059-099-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+Language+%26+Culture&rft.place=Australia&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-74059-099-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faustralianlangua0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-eighth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1998" class="citation journal cs1">Collins, Tony (1998). "Racial minorities in a marginalized sport: Race, discrimination and integration in British rugby league football". <i>Immigrants & Minorities</i>. <b>17</b>: <span class="nowrap">151–</span>169. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02619288.1998.9974933">10.1080/02619288.1998.9974933</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immigrants+%26+Minorities&rft.atitle=Racial+minorities+in+a+marginalized+sport%3A+Race%2C+discrimination+and+integration+in+British+rugby+league+football&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E151-%3C%2Fspan%3E169&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02619288.1998.9974933&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive-eighth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five-eighth&oldid=1247268228">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Five-eighth&oldid=1247268228</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rugby_league_positions" title="Category:Rugby league positions">Rugby league positions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rugby_league_terminology" title="Category:Rugby league terminology">Rugby league terminology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 September 2024, at 15:27<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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