CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91357a96ef7bcdda',cH: 'Zf0fquTQJLdP_topRjQuKKdHu0vf9wTfi.nMVFWQfQo-1739792177-1.2.1.1-pS2qOyk9vKsI9JCziYXySmhyoQfr0uPn7eB_LIpSh9NiXx6Ph6kjrx4cx2emoaBN',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=gold%20ore&__cf_chl_tk=MeVMsto3ZZxVpcXXf45QCmiHt58Ggpf1fSUXobv2hTE-1739792177-1.0.1.1-oTs9lsvUgz6vLebK.DGcetgisYbGorkNXzb03zcUAko",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792177',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=gold%20ore&__cf_chl_f_tk=MeVMsto3ZZxVpcXXf45QCmiHt58Ggpf1fSUXobv2hTE-1739792177-1.0.1.1-oTs9lsvUgz6vLebK.DGcetgisYbGorkNXzb03zcUAko",md: "SJ70bBzl_S8k58_SDRboDS74wbrJ4Z9hoSiF4fmcPro-1739792177-1.2.1.1-fFNrdWS2EcR5qysuy33dcW6iV5LK_qcESuQPxAQo0JJTX1LDnXONlJ8zWncrUmHqC04ffFOGMb50SbphZIQwsBImM_bk2BOVam2j66C2ZeTeWCHx1bXnWca02fegSOu9NT4kvCvWO9Zv901Q.XgVjX4pUFGfykOwr8eLp7jVtdzTkzrkvcBOE2TCdqtAPd_HgWRUWoBa1KBbLqspfg3TVyyhEKBozpkBF70BbT7btP3fou84KVDkmairO13DCKh2uSFYI5IAMVsPgFpJHoAhOonggCgIWYwiFfoW7X7Qzd95wcD8E6xYv_DpyEz4_P7it_ReVkkArjod8IYVhPH6agvji2gH7Uc7G.ZWCysAUnMphdO7oW1OQlNdjqhro18O7kbEHJwOHwfM82Ls_Y_Encsw9b3qxRbZQOzg1BiqRaX73R9vzL5I.MMma_nYAOIvSrTkRgXZCKjb2Fc25qzC4FdhVugwsRGWPdCnWLfLlVETJzCZuKgt3XDpSt0cCsXcXmZ.Syb0sW1ztvdoeHE5dKzvczoh4DodrL6M.pi0ZjRdPpje3DBJW5hv9muaa4mAbWRbWCS6U4gpAknGjPkNUh0vzxYyOAhYN3ByPyQnnTlyXpyZ4hZRnDIO5PdSq6V8lMF_TR2Wj0SnZ003i_KhNZ0Eut5MotrfFLbvI.PiCuvv.iW7e15WWHihVpdmsjJbcjDEfbyztAV7z_3BhBUbgQjRNoB_wYkBD2c8GhVgA1ha9JljxWfAKd2zH0VQeWrmZQiRVr1oervsqkEnfxll7lzu3WzrWSK9XNL31GQeBESEHaz1.kSFZoyimAuumjHb5mMSFUqn5Kn6MBu0J9BZMWKB1OxuJnDDQTdtS.ljk.GVpX3yVSGZ1ET.i26xCx8WVWGHUxRt.hF82mzQnTbnuY5J3wxswIT6Ihtbbs6jnuWt80zMvc7Ny4NcCfXxzalRLK0vh4zteQYp4F8P8w6hZT2ym.VmTNN.fel1MaEHxblBouR3Sa92hpY6_lp4aGMYCD0pYZIFxEsU65rzl_xrPzmqM4h79mDunF7_i0lqpEEIksvBdE_3crvvV1i5e81CpG1_f59DGtqTQS9SHJEQ3YOjIxJxlppyrxBDF9kCubl8UTDMOutAXwF93T5mfELbW2Ga91xJmMTrJJZpS_1WybMhWJRDOZ4i173gno4B15SNH_GCFlChJGacVYy.KV_u_5fpzaWUGBqkO7DF6sS6zXnw9TtwegFYrDCvysJ_vbQuJ63msVp.R17CwgZW7GoNwHmscLg.b.mup1eX5OGe1na_f.1zLM2XmPYe5GVkJodPyxETGs1jW.fOkXghKO2mQX2tt2ZplNObLCDqTZkN3uxB7kpcVSCsairLFrNfb55.712clmYfYdWosrtBErIgwQcGZCowKXuYuP4AOpXvxMcRPig9UC1.6riJrdDU5zXfDqFhs07zrVzXF4AxosBLAl9E16whfkKd684V.Qngjzf.WmGkDpGl.3BV22QvB6RiS7eL4G3Pueg6MZcUPQy8h.fNJtXhjmPYxwdYNwkDNYRA2XEvIpVnUq.O8CVavoJUKSd26UHpSRMKiHeggWgBUaI70As8BrO2f6IgyEfW1peWL6opH9sojvYTTAiznHi1AAW140d1u8oN72E_JFWlbr7OUBbP5_koJxbQCXX4TkCOdkXoKlHu5_CIhbOR9r5APuNZ9NTjMbTVRjmydPoPpEHzIdO4I.7rwBKHPNCYAB0oERF.H5mpth5_KhuLYUqd9P2mfArupYNtkM65z4iVPsVS6HVpPtPQ.055oMSYovCIZUTPlH_v.h753y.Wgd7_pjOPhm4KIh0xGdLcB9Md9XbHw91sP5H7P5FYdJYyI9vyP.9Cj2Kx98QNFlyE04QvLdRBn_WtIsOgPW3eZZCMoOpy91nO9ETiKnxFWGp.HQ",mdrd: "RdVW2zTODdwJoz8o7yeCWITcfQ3Os9G26iSwxIseJQg-1739792177-1.2.1.1-orvDoLSwhB5sGLqGcJ4_a7UtWP9TJlht_av7NtPK0gjLIwr9CTlTcmuJ8Fb9y0y7PfLXXdNviWnlZzyOnj3lWt7IZ_DtibqZkmTJ0fZnjNwTb43JaVtH6l8mJZOY6ZCrRqrH8mX1nRvxQWr4.m9U.tkMbWRQ.6vBGQPmqUhngqed_96JszjHIH9AzPo8l6ePuRDSo6OeDHqdwrl3pkDiYg39Ssiom2CNDuC1vRLywYIE0AZK6tQuitfWTQ.eJuVGTWMQXRn2HqyS6gi0MK4GhnlDZjdP7GKL2.6bbok1ANBWir0dQSruvB6kbIf0cDDxjqhXjffk3Qx4ylmmqonbKvEMfamlJegjmTOKaN8c80IgXj8.8MVrt4jWwh25pqhyArmw8l6JLJmnKtlcG1kHGrW1F9nPuyn5P1TO5OY9yxJtRayiPKEs6U5ItIrCekgSIZOIvl8WU0fMwM1kojcyISoadzIOYx1NeLHL49fF50VNzYXGfYDMBLDJems5.NFTmm44ZM1DfZBXz.XlJjmyeVQGsQsuMmmiAP.gpBsWhG2emilaTK4TpDhOyeieIo.AuLJrjBtlBT_9N3rOhkdQCFk0pn_ZwxGYMn4b6yrbgHSK0Vv6I5EJY5.DRfgLW.lOJfqgYKmK7j7XUcUFK9FT50q2vv9rg2THOnYaQuQvB60exgLWK0EYxOJRVjVEQegk.P0CHfTieElGOI_H9Hnj3bld1Ty7nO0AdjCmmVrBu3tynMpH14ddtZD.8AEz6s0Ad6E.yocoFEWmCjZu0XU87yCiJ3okcXJdPaKqzFiLqzM184eqEdr11Ptff3dOS9zCkrstviPmP0ejoT3m3US9iokPsENBD6TEKOc1tutYhWzfBEYY.ez9OV6FUBe1wSpRpFzAufPHMQkrUkGxXjxFvFBF6fTMZvUmogiMQs.qETJbq2q4qMhlR_rlGSQKGLliMLb49uB9Klhxae8ukExl4ymdWs0qsLYAr2o_bdEu8xC9a2U365T3Vu88jpiApu1I.zbyCrw00Af2D5l.0UNHk.Smc61sVs8UFZbm6kFlX2E9YYhu1bOSZ95FqcVhsZalB3.bWb5lkQM0e3Ls218lG63kq3p91yOgA8m0su4Ws_qs2QKBfk3dKg3yo9frBda0GF6SUdsZva7oUGwTuY84SFjUYqCQ3PtgkdUCl8cfH37vbmiLB.HLstd.U.V91NyCLq2AwcGwaHmJqM3mGfnCINxhTYcKTqS12utO_xtVwx.K0CcTLL9rUkC0iGe_W79Rr9BquLBIibC3KIPvi_aQuXKQMrsJlzEblWexYkXWkSuAz3rSRYh._nWQt9ZW0kvgcAQoUMaZ0RQdqtfjZN7znuZpbtFrky8gKf145xWh6sUZ3LBvYSN2H.0pTl_22hDXcM_Iz9i31byOnla8Z4MvkNyggcICcI3oD25zv0MmxSTl9ovKmEW3e39KwFgQXpyNHILeid4s6ItWC3CtDc5eC20mxJkOJNVt2hCHAn.9J0gTpZcHNaFLYKYryjgyAEkceLe_Roc96QbDFXiFbQWHnlJdUhG8n3thEwdbruIyda0IY5xLNQ00z0SQB7JjZ4Jg_RgGza2ps7Q52qUYFWhKV8dTSGpTSXmDhKKRApNIDAU3ffnIpjLqn5sht0lHM8qG0TMAqt865s1_rD2ma7VvXIDQCnL1tkVYGOoAvin1WbGK5D6jvHRZUXOWQapDpr6f5.6JB36YeuiGdCZ7edi7JFxmuNqcOv53wUpjieukPzq7yq.6mk4aNObhfWGmRZKYddzLBKIpUaZRGfIktbK5J647l_K54oDnHPbUL6YWjJqk3Rm2iTa4JGqRNayjLG.KJVISv1.LjvPeCloNZDNQvBsc.EOMRmjnsqiCCI5XvAMNnjbWN4MgaII7XKV1UKWl6Hibcld_5wJKtKI33qcEjl7xAIKP_sz4XQLPei6nj6.aBCI_o3Udh3O0vdUVJ_c3"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91357a96ef7bcdda';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=gold%20ore&__cf_chl_rt_tk=MeVMsto3ZZxVpcXXf45QCmiHt58Ggpf1fSUXobv2hTE-1739792177-1.0.1.1-oTs9lsvUgz6vLebK.DGcetgisYbGorkNXzb03zcUAko" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>