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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Tang_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-Tang dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Tang_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Tang_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Tang_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Post-Tang dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Tang_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_cuisines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_cuisines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Regional cuisines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_cuisines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Staple_foods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Staple_foods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Staple foods</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Staple_foods-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Staple foods subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Staple_foods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Rice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wheat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wheat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Wheat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wheat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noodles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noodles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Noodles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noodles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soybean_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soybean_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Soybean products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soybean_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegetables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegetables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vegetables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegetables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herbs_and_seasonings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herbs_and_seasonings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Herbs and seasonings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herbs_and_seasonings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Meat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desserts_and_snacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desserts_and_snacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Desserts and snacks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Desserts_and_snacks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Desserts and snacks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Desserts_and_snacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dairy_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dairy_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Dairy products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dairy_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cold_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Cold dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Soups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drinks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drinks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Drinks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Drinks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Drinks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Drinks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Tea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alcoholic_beverages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alcoholic_beverages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Alcoholic beverages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alcoholic_beverages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herbal_drinks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herbal_drinks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Herbal drinks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herbal_drinks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_beverages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_beverages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Other beverages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_beverages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Outside China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dining_etiquette" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dining_etiquette"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Dining etiquette</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dining_etiquette-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_to_Chinese_philosophy_and_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_to_Chinese_philosophy_and_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Relation to Chinese philosophy and religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_to_Chinese_philosophy_and_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cookbooks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cookbooks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.2</span> <span>Cookbooks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cookbooks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chinese cuisine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_kookkuns" title="Chinese kookkuns – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chinese kookkuns" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%AE_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="مطبخ صيني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مطبخ صيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_m%C9%99tb%C9%99xi" title="Çin mətbəxi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çin mətbəxi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80" title="চীনা রন্ধনশৈলী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চীনা রন্ধনশৈলী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Китайска кухня – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Китайска кухня" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronomia_de_la_Xina" title="Gastronomia de la Xina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gastronomia de la Xina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADnsk%C3%A1_kuchyn%C4%9B" title="Čínská kuchyně – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čínská kuchyně" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_kinesiske_k%C3%B8kken" title="Det kinesiske køkken – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det kinesiske køkken" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinesische_K%C3%BCche" title="Chinesische Küche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chinesische Küche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina_k%C3%B6%C3%B6k" title="Hiina köök – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hiina köök" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B7_%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Κινέζικη κουζίνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κινέζικη κουζίνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronom%C3%ADa_de_China" title="Gastronomía de China – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gastronomía de China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ina_kuirarto" title="Ĉina kuirarto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉina kuirarto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinatar_gastronomia" title="Txinatar gastronomia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinatar gastronomia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B4%D9%BE%D8%B2%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="آشپزی چینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آشپزی چینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_chinoise" title="Cuisine chinoise – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cuisine chinoise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3caireacht_na_S%C3%ADne" title="Cócaireacht na Síne – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cócaireacht na Síne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD_%EC%9A%94%EB%A6%AC" title="중국 요리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중국 요리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Չինական խոհանոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չինական խոհանոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="चीनी व्यंजन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीनी व्यंजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kineska_kuhinja" title="Kineska kuhinja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kineska kuhinja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidangan_Tionghoa" title="Hidangan Tionghoa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hidangan Tionghoa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucina_cinese" title="Cucina cinese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cucina cinese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%91%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="המטבח הסיני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המטבח הסיני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakan_Cinten" title="Masakan Cinten – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Masakan Cinten" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="ჩინური სამზარეულო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩინური სამზარეულო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Қытай асханасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қытай асханасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAjgeha_%C3%A7%C3%AEn%C3%AE" title="Pêjgeha çînî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pêjgeha çînî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_coquinaria_Sinensis" title="Ars coquinaria Sinensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ars coquinaria Sinensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%B3_virtuv%C4%97" title="Kinų virtuvė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kinų virtuvė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnai_konyham%C5%B1v%C3%A9szet" title="Kínai konyhaművészet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kínai konyhaművészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кинеска кујна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кинеска кујна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakan_China" title="Masakan China – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Masakan China" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9F%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC" title="တရုတ်ဟင်းလျာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တရုတ်ဟင်းလျာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_keuken" title="Chinese keuken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chinese keuken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%96%99%E7%90%86" title="中華料理 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中華料理" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_kinesiske_kj%C3%B8kken" title="Det kinesiske kjøkken – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det kinesiske kjøkken" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitoy_oshxonasi" title="Xitoy oshxonasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xitoy oshxonasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchnia_chi%C5%84ska" title="Kuchnia chińska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kuchnia chińska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culin%C3%A1ria_da_China" title="Culinária da China – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Culinária da China" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buc%C4%83t%C4%83rie_chinezeasc%C4%83" title="Bucătărie chinezească – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bucătărie chinezească" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Китайская кухня – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Китайская кухня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheenese_cuisine" title="Cheenese cuisine – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cheenese cuisine" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_food" title="Chinese food – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chinese food" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADnska_kuchy%C5%88a" title="Čínska kuchyňa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čínska kuchyňa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kineska_kuhinja" title="Kineska kuhinja – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kineska kuhinja" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kineska_kuhinja" title="Kineska kuhinja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kineska kuhinja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiinalainen_keitti%C3%B6" title="Kiinalainen keittiö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiinalainen keittiö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesiska_k%C3%B6ket" title="Kinesiska köket – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kinesiska köket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutuing_Tsino" title="Lutuing Tsino – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lutuing Tsino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சீனச் சமையல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீனச் சமையல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="อาหารจีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาหารจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_mutfa%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Çin mutfağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin mutfağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Китайська кухня – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китайська кухня" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A8m_th%E1%BB%B1c_Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Ẩm thực Trung Quốc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ẩm thực Trung Quốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="中華飲食 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中華飲食" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%8F%9C" title="中国菜 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中国菜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10876842#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Culinary traditions of China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Chinese food" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Chinese_food_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Chinese food (disambiguation)">Chinese food (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Collage_Chinese_Cuisine_by_User-EME.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Collage_Chinese_Cuisine_by_User-EME.png/220px-Collage_Chinese_Cuisine_by_User-EME.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Collage_Chinese_Cuisine_by_User-EME.png/330px-Collage_Chinese_Cuisine_by_User-EME.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Collage_Chinese_Cuisine_by_User-EME.png/440px-Collage_Chinese_Cuisine_by_User-EME.png 2x" data-file-width="4268" data-file-height="6178" /></a><figcaption>An assortment of Chinese food. <b>Clockwise from top left:</b> <a href="/wiki/Peking_duck" title="Peking duck">Peking duck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Misua" title="Misua">misua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kung_Pao_chicken" title="Kung Pao chicken">Kung Pao chicken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mooncake" title="Mooncake">mooncakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">baijiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wonton" title="Wonton">wonton soup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spring_roll" title="Spring roll">spring rolls</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 1px solid red; background:#fff5ee"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chinese cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChineseDishLogo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/ChineseDishLogo.png" decoding="async" width="136" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="80" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-right:3em; font-size: 100%; background-color: #fff5ee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_regional_cuisine" title="Chinese regional cuisine">Regional cuisines</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <dl><dt><u>Four Great Traditions</u></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Chuan (Sichuan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Lu (Shandong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Yue (Guangdong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaiyang_cuisine" title="Huaiyang cuisine">Huaiyang (Jiangsu)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><u>Eight Great Traditions</u><br /><small>(+all above)</small></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhui_cuisine" title="Anhui cuisine">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_cuisine" title="Fujian cuisine">Fujian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_cuisine" title="Hunan cuisine">Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_cuisine" title="Zhejiang cuisine">Zhejiang</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><u>Ten Great Traditions</u><br /><small>(+all above)</small></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_cuisine" title="Shanghai cuisine">Shanghai</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><u>Twelve Great Traditions</u><br /><small>(+all above)</small></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henan_cuisine" title="Henan cuisine">Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_cuisine" title="Shaanxi cuisine">Shaanxi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><u>Fourteen Great Traditions</u><br /><small>(+all above)</small></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubei_cuisine" title="Hubei cuisine">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_cuisine" title="Liaoning cuisine">Liaoning</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><u>Sixteen Great Traditions</u><br /><small>(+all above)</small></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_cuisine" title="Tianjin cuisine">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunnan_cuisine" title="Yunnan cuisine">Yunnan</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><u>New Eight Great Traditions</u></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gansu_cuisine" title="Gansu cuisine">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_cuisine#Style" title="Zhejiang cuisine">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_cuisine" title="Jilin cuisine">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_cuisine" title="Liaoning cuisine">Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_cuisine#Style" title="Zhejiang cuisine">Ningbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_cuisine" title="Shaanxi cuisine">Shaanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_cuisine" title="Shanghai cuisine">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_cuisine" title="Shanxi cuisine">Shanxi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><u>Beijing and the vicinity</u></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_imperial_cuisine" title="Chinese imperial cuisine">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_aristocrat_cuisine" title="Chinese aristocrat cuisine">Aristocrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_cuisine" title="Tianjin cuisine">Tianjin</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><u>Other regional styles</u></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_cuisine" title="Teochew cuisine">Teochew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangxi_cuisine" title="Guangxi cuisine">Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guizhou_cuisine" title="Guizhou cuisine">Guizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_cuisine" title="Hainan cuisine">Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haipai_cuisine" title="Haipai cuisine">Haipai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_cuisine" title="Hakka cuisine">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi_cuisine" title="Jiangxi cuisine">Jiangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_cuisine" title="Macanese cuisine">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_cuisine" title="Manchu cuisine">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Chinese_cuisine" title="Northeastern Chinese cuisine">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian_cuisine" title="Putian cuisine">Putian (Henghwa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai_cuisine" title="Qinghai cuisine">Qinghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinjiang cuisine">Xinjiang</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-right:3em; font-size: 100%; background-color: #fff5ee;color: var(--color-base)">Overseas cuisine</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Australian Chinese cuisine">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chinese_cuisine" title="British Chinese cuisine">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Chinese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese Chinese cuisine">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Cambodian Chinese cuisine">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Canadian Chinese cuisine">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Chinese_cuisine" title="Caribbean Chinese cuisine">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine" title="Filipino Chinese cuisine">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Indian Chinese cuisine">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Chinese Indonesian cuisine">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Chinese_cuisine" title="Japanese Chinese cuisine">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Latin_American_cuisine" title="Chinese Latin American cuisine">Latin America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chifa" title="Chifa">Perú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Chinese_cuisine" title="Puerto Rican Chinese cuisine">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Chinese_cuisine" title="Korean Chinese cuisine">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Malaysian Chinese cuisine">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Chinese_cuisine" title="New Zealand Chinese cuisine">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Chinese_cuisine" title="Pakistani Chinese cuisine">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_cuisine#Chinese" title="Singaporean cuisine">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-right:3em; font-size: 100%; background-color: #fff5ee;color: var(--color-base)">Religious cuisines</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhist_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Buddhist cuisine">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_diet" title="Taoist diet">Taoist</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-right:3em; font-size: 100%; background-color: #fff5ee;color: var(--color-base)">Ingredients and types of food</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_dishes" title="List of Chinese dishes">Main dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_desserts" title="Chinese desserts">Desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_noodles" title="Chinese noodles">Noodles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-right:3em; font-size: 100%; background-color: #fff5ee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cooking_techniques" title="Chinese cooking techniques">Preparation and cooking</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stir_frying" title="Stir frying">Stir frying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_steaming" title="Double steaming">Double steaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_cooking" title="Red cooking">Red cooking</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-right:3em; font-size: 100%; background-color: #fff5ee;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customs_and_etiquette_in_Chinese_dining" title="Customs and etiquette in Chinese dining">Customs and etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_desserts" title="List of Chinese desserts">List of Chinese desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_dishes" title="List of Chinese dishes">List of Chinese dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_restaurants" title="List of Chinese restaurants">List of Chinese restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurants_in_China" title="List of restaurants in China">List of restaurants in China</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/16px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/32px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/16px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/24px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hong_Kong" title="Portal:Hong Kong">Hong Kong portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Taiwan" title="Portal:Taiwan">Taiwan portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_cuisine" title="Template:Chinese cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_cuisine" title="Template talk:Chinese cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:China" title="Category:China">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of China">Culture of China</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_China" title="Culture of China"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/China_satellite.png/250px-China_satellite.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/China_satellite.png/375px-China_satellite.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/China_satellite.png/500px-China_satellite.png 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="956" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Satellite image of China</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_history" title="Timeline of Chinese history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_historiography" title="Chinese historiography">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_China" title="Military history of China">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese_language" title="History of the Chinese language">Language</a></li> <li>Economic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_before_1912" title="Economic history of China before 1912">before 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Economic history of China (1912–1949)">1912–1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1949%E2%80%93present)" title="Economic history of China (1949–present)">1949–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_foreign_relations_of_China" title="History of foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_China" title="Dynasties of China">Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_monarchs" title="List of Chinese monarchs">Monarchs</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">People</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">Sinosphere</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_China" title="Languages of China">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic languages</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditions">Traditions</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_values" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese values">Values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiquette in China">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in China">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_funeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese funeral">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_tea_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese tea ceremony">Tea ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_clothing" title="Chinese clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Chinese_games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Chinese games (page does not exist)">Games</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_mythology" title="Chinese mythology">Mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folklore" title="Chinese folklore">folklore</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese festivals">Festivals</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chan Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_ritual_religion" title="Confucian ritual religion">Confucian religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_new_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese new religions">New religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_art" title="Chinese art">Art</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ikebana" title="Ikebana">Ikebana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">Bonsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese gardens">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_pottery" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese pottery">Pottery</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_literature" title="Chinese literature">Literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manhua" title="Manhua">Manhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Music_of_China" title="Music of China">Music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_China" title="Theatre of China">performing arts</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of China">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_China" title="Radio in China">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_China" title="Television in China">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_China" title="Sport in China">Sport</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts" title="Chinese martial arts">Martial arts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_China" title="List of World Heritage Sites in China">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_architecture" title="Chinese architecture">Architecture</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Symbols</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_China" title="Flag of China">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of China">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Volunteers" title="March of the Volunteers">National anthem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Organisations</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_museums" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese museums">Museums</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_China" title="Template:Culture of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_China" title="Template talk:Culture of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chinese cuisine</b> comprises <a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">cuisines</a> originating from <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, as well as from Chinese people from other parts of the world. Because of the Chinese diaspora and the historical power of the country, Chinese cuisine has profoundly influenced many other cuisines in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and beyond, with modifications made to cater to local palates. Chinese food staples such as <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noodles" class="mw-redirect" title="Noodles">noodles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chili_oil" title="Chili oil">chili oil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">tofu</a>, and utensils such as <a href="/wiki/Chopsticks" title="Chopsticks">chopsticks</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wok" title="Wok">wok</a>, can now be found worldwide. </p><p>The world's earliest eating establishments recognizable as <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurants</a> in the modern sense first emerged in <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> China during the 11th and 12th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gernet133_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gernet133-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">Street food</a> became an integral aspect of Chinese food culture during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, and the street food culture of much of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> was established by workers imported from China during the late 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The preferences for <a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">seasoning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cooking_techniques" title="Chinese cooking techniques">cooking techniques</a> in Chinese provinces depend on differences in <a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">social class</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_cuisine" title="History of Chinese cuisine">historical background</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">ethnic groups</a>. Geographic features including mountains, rivers, forests, and deserts also have a strong effect on the locally available ingredients, considering that the climate of China varies from <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical</a> in the south to <a href="/wiki/Subarctic_climate" title="Subarctic climate">subarctic</a> in the northeast. <a href="/wiki/Chinese_aristocrat_cuisine" title="Chinese aristocrat cuisine">Imperial royal and noble preferences</a> also play a role in the change of Chinese cuisine. Because of imperial expansion, immigration, and trading, ingredients and cooking techniques from other cultures have been integrated into Chinese cuisines over time and Chinese culinary influences have spread worldwide. </p><p>There are numerous regional, religious, and ethnic styles of Chinese cuisine found within China and abroad. Chinese cuisine is highly diverse and most frequently categorised into provincial divisions, although these province-level classifications consist of many more styles within themselves. During the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>, the most praised <a href="/wiki/Four_Great_Traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Great Traditions">Four Great Traditions</a> in Chinese cuisine were <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Chuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Lu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Yue</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Huaiyang_cuisine" title="Huaiyang cuisine">Huaiyang</a>, representing cuisines of West, North, South, and East China, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, a modern grouping from Chinese journalist Wang Shaoquan's article published in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a> newspaper identified the <a href="/wiki/Eight_Cuisines_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight Cuisines of China">Eight Cuisines of China</a> as <a href="/wiki/Anhui_cuisine" title="Anhui cuisine">Anhui</a> (<span lang="zh">徽菜</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Huīcài</span></i>), <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Guangdong</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">粵菜</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Yuècài</span></i>), <a href="/wiki/Fujian_cuisine" title="Fujian cuisine">Fujian</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">閩菜</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Mǐncài</span></i>), <a href="/wiki/Hunan_cuisine" title="Hunan cuisine">Hunan</a> (<span lang="zh">湘菜</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xiāngcài</span></i>), <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_cuisine" title="Jiangsu cuisine">Jiangsu</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">蘇菜</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Sūcài</span></i>), <a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">魯菜</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Lǔcài</span></i>), <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan</a> (<span lang="zh">川菜</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Chuāncài</span></i>), and <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_cuisine" title="Zhejiang cuisine">Zhejiang</a> (<span lang="zh">浙菜</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhècài</span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-beautyfujian_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beautyfujian-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quanjude_roastduck.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Quanjude_roastduck.JPG/170px-Quanjude_roastduck.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Quanjude_roastduck.JPG/255px-Quanjude_roastduck.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Quanjude_roastduck.JPG/340px-Quanjude_roastduck.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Quanjude" title="Quanjude">Quanjude</a> cook is slicing <a href="/wiki/Peking_duck" title="Peking duck">Peking roast duck</a>. Peking duck is eaten by rolling pieces of duck with scallion, cucumber and <a href="/wiki/Sweet_bean_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet bean sauce">sweet bean sauce</a> using steamed pancakes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Chinese cuisine is deeply intertwined with <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">traditional Chinese medicine</a>, such as in the practise of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_food_therapy" title="Chinese food therapy">Chinese food therapy</a>. Color, scent and taste are the three traditional aspects used to describe Chinese food,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the meaning, appearance, and nutrition of the food. Cooking should be appraised with respect to the ingredients used, knife work, cooking time, and seasoning. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_cuisine" title="History of Chinese cuisine">History of Chinese cuisine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sources_of_Chinese_culinary_history" title="List of sources of Chinese culinary history">List of sources of Chinese culinary history</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Tang_dynasty">Pre-Tang dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-Tang dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Braised_Shredded_Chicken_with_Ham_and_Dried_Tofu_2011-04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braised_Shredded_Chicken_with_Ham_and_Dried_Tofu_2011-04.JPG/220px-Braised_Shredded_Chicken_with_Ham_and_Dried_Tofu_2011-04.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braised_Shredded_Chicken_with_Ham_and_Dried_Tofu_2011-04.JPG/330px-Braised_Shredded_Chicken_with_Ham_and_Dried_Tofu_2011-04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Braised_Shredded_Chicken_with_Ham_and_Dried_Tofu_2011-04.JPG/440px-Braised_Shredded_Chicken_with_Ham_and_Dried_Tofu_2011-04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Dazhu_gansi" title="Dazhu gansi">Dàzhǔ gānsī</a></i> is a typical soup dish of <a href="/wiki/Huaiyang_cuisine" title="Huaiyang cuisine">Huaiyang cuisine</a>. It is made of finely sliced dried tofu, chicken, ham and bamboo shoot, and the ingredients need to be braised with shrimp in chicken soup. It was highly praised by the <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Qianlong emperor">Qianlong emperor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Zi_Ji_(Chicken_with_Chiles)_(2269517013).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/La_Zi_Ji_%28Chicken_with_Chiles%29_%282269517013%29.jpg/220px-La_Zi_Ji_%28Chicken_with_Chiles%29_%282269517013%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/La_Zi_Ji_%28Chicken_with_Chiles%29_%282269517013%29.jpg/330px-La_Zi_Ji_%28Chicken_with_Chiles%29_%282269517013%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/La_Zi_Ji_%28Chicken_with_Chiles%29_%282269517013%29.jpg/440px-La_Zi_Ji_%28Chicken_with_Chiles%29_%282269517013%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1081" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Laziji" title="Laziji">Làzǐ Jī</a></i>, stir-fried chicken with chili and <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper</a> in Sichuan style</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_Steamed_Perch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Chinese_Steamed_Perch.jpg/220px-Chinese_Steamed_Perch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Chinese_Steamed_Perch.jpg/330px-Chinese_Steamed_Perch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Chinese_Steamed_Perch.jpg/440px-Chinese_Steamed_Perch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Steamed whole <a href="/wiki/Perch" title="Perch">perch</a> with roe inside. Sliced <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a> and spring onion is usually spread on top.</figcaption></figure> <p>Chinese society greatly valued <a href="/wiki/Gastronomy" title="Gastronomy">gastronomy</a>, and developed an extensive study of the subject based on its <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">traditional medical beliefs</a>. Chinese culture initially centered around the <a href="/wiki/Central_Plain_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Plain (China)">North China Plain</a>. The first domesticated crops seem to have been the <a href="/wiki/Foxtail_millet" title="Foxtail millet">foxtail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Broomcorn_millet" class="mw-redirect" title="Broomcorn millet">broomcorn</a> varieties of <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> was cultivated in the south. By 2000 BC, wheat had arrived from western Asia. These grains were typically served as warm <a href="/wiki/Noodle" title="Noodle">noodle</a> soups instead of baked into bread as in Europe. Nobles hunted various wild game and consumed <a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">mutton</a>, pork and <a href="/wiki/Dog_meat#Mainland_China" title="Dog meat">dog</a> as these animals were domesticated. Grain was stored against famine and flood and meat was preserved with salt, vinegar, curing, and fermenting. The flavor of the meat was enhanced by cooking it in animal fats though this practice was mostly restricted to the wealthy.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> By the time of <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">late Zhou</a>, gastronomy had become a high art. Confucius discussed the principles of dining: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The rice would never be too white, the meat would never be too finely cut... When it was not cooked right, man would not eat. When it was cooked bad, man would not eat. When the meat was not cut properly, man would not eat. When the food was not prepared with the right sauce, man would not eat. Although there are plenty of meats, they should not be cooked more than staple food. There is no limit for alcohol, before a man gets drunk.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> The <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshi_chunqiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüshi chunqiu">Lüshi chunqiu</a> notes: "Only if one is chosen as the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Heaven" title="Son of Heaven">Son of Heaven</a> will the tastiest delicacies be prepared [for him]."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhaohun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhaohun (page does not exist)">Zhaohun</a> (4-3rd c. BC) gives some examples: turtle ragout, honey cakes and beer (chilled with ice). </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">Shi Huangdi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a>, the empire expanded into the south. By the time of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>, the different regions and cuisines of China's people were linked by major <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canals</a> and leading to greater complexity in the different regional cuisines. Not only is food seen as giving "<a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">qi</a>", energy, but the food is also about maintaining yin and yang.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The philosophy behind it was rooted in the <i><a href="/wiki/I_Ching" title="I Ching">I Ching</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_traditional_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese traditional medicine">Chinese traditional medicine</a>: food was judged for color, aroma, taste, and texture and a good meal was expected to balance the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology#Four_Natures" title="Chinese herbology">Four Natures</a> ('<a href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang" title="Yin and yang">hot</a>', warm, cool, and '<a href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang" title="Yin and yang">cold</a>') and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology#Five_Flavors" title="Chinese herbology">Five Tastes</a> (pungent, sweet, sour, bitter, and salty). <a href="/wiki/Salt_in_Chinese_history#Salt_in_Chinese_cuisine" title="Salt in Chinese history">Salt was used as a preservative</a> from early times, but in cooking was added in the form of soy sauce, and not at the table.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCq22saltbyitselfwasneverused22pgPA207_267]_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCq22saltbyitselfwasneverused22pgPA207_267]-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the Later Han period (2nd century), writers<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (August 2013)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> frequently complained of lazy aristocrats who did nothing but sit around all day eating <a href="/wiki/Smoking_(cooking)" title="Smoking (cooking)">smoked</a> meats and roasts. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>, the Chinese developed methods of food preservation for military rations during campaigns such as drying meat into <a href="/wiki/Jerky" title="Jerky">jerky</a> and cooking, roasting, and drying grain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCpgPA52_52]_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCpgPA52_52]-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese legends claim that the roasted, flat bread <a href="/wiki/Shaobing" title="Shaobing">shaobing</a> was brought back from the <i><a href="/wiki/Western_Regions" title="Western Regions">Xiyu</a></i> (the Western Regions, a name for <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>) by the Han dynasty General <a href="/wiki/Ban_Chao" title="Ban Chao">Ban Chao</a>, and that it was originally known as hubing (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">胡餅</span></span>, lit. "barbarian bread"). The shaobing is believed to be descended from the hubing.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shaobing" title="Shaobing">Shaobing</a> is believed to be related to the Persian <i><a href="/wiki/Tandoor_bread" title="Tandoor bread">nan</a></i> and Central Asian <i><a href="/wiki/Tandyr_nan" title="Tandyr nan">nan</a></i>, as well as the Middle Eastern <a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">pita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCpgPA143_143,_144,_218]_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCpgPA143_143,_144,_218]-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holcombe2001_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holcombe2001-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foreign westerners made and sold sesame cakes in China during the Tang dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Southern_and_Northern_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern and Northern dynasties">Southern and Northern dynasties</a> non-Han people like the <a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei</a> introduced their cuisine to northern China, and these influences continued up to the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, popularizing meat like mutton and dairy products like goat milk, yogurts, and <a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">Kumis</a> among even Han people. It was during the Song dynasty that <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> developed an aversion to dairy products and abandoned the dairy foods introduced earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCdqyogurtfishweipgPA80_80]_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCdqyogurtfishweipgPA80_80]-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Han Chinese rebel Wang Su who received asylum in the Xianbei Northern Wei after fleeing from Southern Qi, at first could not stand eating dairy products like goat's milk and meat like mutton and had to consume tea and fish instead, but after a few years he was able to eat yogurt and lamb, and the Xianbei Emperor asked him which of the foods of China (Zhongguo) he preferred, fish vs mutton and tea vs yogurt.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Tang_dynasty">Post-Tang dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-Tang dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The great migration of Chinese people south during the invasions preceding and during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> increased the relative importance of <a href="/wiki/Northern_and_southern_China" title="Northern and southern China">southern Chinese</a> staples such as rice and <a href="/wiki/Congee" title="Congee">congee</a>. <a href="/wiki/Su_Shi" title="Su Shi">Su Dongpo</a> has improved the red braised pork as <a href="/wiki/Dongpo_pork" title="Dongpo pork">Dongpo pork</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dietary and culinary habits also changed greatly during this period, with many ingredients such as <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a> and Central Asian influenced foods becoming widespread and the creation of important cookbooks such as the <i>Shanjia Qinggong</i> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">山家清供</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shānjiā qīnggòng</span></i>) and the <i><a href="/wiki/Wushi_Zhongkuilu" title="Wushi Zhongkuilu">Wushi Zhongkuilu</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">吳氏中饋錄</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Wúshì zhōngkuìlù</span></i>) showing the respective esoteric foods and common household cuisine of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> dynasties introduced <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchu_cuisine" title="Manchu cuisine">Manchu cuisine</a>, warm northern dishes that popularized <a href="/wiki/Hot_pot" title="Hot pot">hot pot</a> cooking. During the <a href="/wiki/Islam_during_the_Yuan_dynasty" title="Islam during the Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> many <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Chinese">Muslim communities</a> emerged in China, who practiced a porkless cuisine now preserved by <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">Hui restaurants</a> throughout the country.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Yunnan_cuisine" title="Yunnan cuisine">Yunnan cuisine</a> is unique in China for its cheeses like <a href="/wiki/Rubing" title="Rubing">Rubing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rushan_cheese" title="Rushan cheese">Rushan cheese</a> made by the <a href="/wiki/Bai_people" title="Bai people">Bai people</a>, and its yogurt, the yogurt may have been due to a combination of Mongolian influence during the Yuan dynasty, the Central Asian settlement in Yunnan, and the proximity and influence of India and Tibet on Yunnan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCpgPA52_91,_178]_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCpgPA52_91,_178]-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of the last leg of the <a href="/wiki/Columbian_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbian Exchange">Columbian Exchange</a>, Spanish and Portuguese traders began introducing foods from the New World to China through the port cities of <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>. Mexican <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a> became essential ingredients in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan cuisine</a> and calorically dense potatoes and corn became staple foods across the northern plains. </p><p>During the Qing dynasty, Chinese gastronomes such as <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Mei" title="Yuan Mei">Yuan Mei</a> focused upon the primary goal of extracting the maximum flavour of each ingredient. As noted in his culinary work the <i><a href="/wiki/Suiyuan_shidan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suiyuan shidan">Suiyuan shidan</a></i>, however, the fashions of cuisine at the time were quite varied and in some cases were flamboyantly ostentatious,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially when the display served also a formal ceremonial purpose, as in the case of the <a href="/wiki/Manchu_Han_Imperial_Feast" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu Han Imperial Feast">Manchu Han Imperial Feast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the pace of life increases in modern China, fast food like <a href="/wiki/Fried_noodles" title="Fried noodles">fried noodles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fried_rice" title="Fried rice">fried rice</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Gaifan" title="Gaifan">gaifan</a></i> (dish over rice) become more and more popular. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_cuisines">Regional cuisines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Regional cuisines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_regional_cuisine" title="Chinese regional cuisine">Chinese regional cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuisines_of_China.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cuisines_of_China.png/250px-Cuisines_of_China.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cuisines_of_China.png/375px-Cuisines_of_China.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cuisines_of_China.png/500px-Cuisines_of_China.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption>Map showing major regional cuisines of China</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%8B%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%B401_(5935161191).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%E7%8B%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%B401_%285935161191%29.jpg/250px-%E7%8B%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%B401_%285935161191%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%E7%8B%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%B401_%285935161191%29.jpg/375px-%E7%8B%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%B401_%285935161191%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/%E7%8B%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%B401_%285935161191%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption>"<a href="/wiki/Stewed_meatball" class="mw-redirect" title="Stewed meatball">Lion's head</a> with <a href="/wiki/Crab_meat" title="Crab meat">crab meat</a>" (<span lang="zh-Hant">蟹粉獅子頭</span>) is a traditional eastern Chinese meatball soup.</figcaption></figure> <p>Chinese cuisine exhibits and immense amount of regional diversity. A number of different styles contribute to Chinese cuisine but perhaps the best known and most influential are <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong cuisine">Cantonese cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_cuisine" title="Jiangsu cuisine">Jiangsu cuisine</a> (specifically <a href="/wiki/Huaiyang_cuisine" title="Huaiyang cuisine">Huaiyang cuisine</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan cuisine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yao_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yao-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These styles are distinctive from one another due to factors such as availability of resources, climate, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_China" title="Geography of China">geography</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">history</a>, cooking techniques and lifestyle.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One style may favour the use of <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shallot" title="Shallot">shallots</a> over chili and spices, while another may favour preparing <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a> over other meats and <a href="/wiki/Fowl" title="Fowl">fowl</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_cuisine" title="Jiangsu cuisine">Jiangsu cuisine</a> favours cooking techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Braising" title="Braising">braising</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stewing" class="mw-redirect" title="Stewing">stewing</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan cuisine</a> employs <a href="/wiki/Baking" title="Baking">baking</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_cuisine" title="Zhejiang cuisine">Zhejiang cuisine</a> focuses more on serving fresh food, <a href="/wiki/Fujian_cuisine" title="Fujian cuisine">Fujian cuisine</a> is famous for its seafood and soups and the use of spices, <a href="/wiki/Hunan_cuisine" title="Hunan cuisine">Hunan cuisine</a> is famous for its hot and sour taste, <a href="/wiki/Anhui_cuisine" title="Anhui cuisine">Anhui cuisine</a> incorporates wild ingredients for an unusual taste.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on the raw materials and ingredients used, the method of preparation and cultural differences, a variety of foods with different flavors and textures are prepared in different regions of the country. Many traditional regional cuisines rely on basic methods of <a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">preservation</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Drying_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drying (food)">drying</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salting_(food)" title="Salting (food)">salting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">pickling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (food)">fermentation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hsieh_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hsieh-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, the "rice theory" attempts to describe cultural differences between north and south China; in the north, noodles are more consumed due to wheat being widely grown whereas in the south, rice is more preferred as it has historically been more cultivated there.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Staple_foods">Staple foods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Staple foods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:109px;max-width:109px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steamed_rice_in_bowl_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Steamed_rice_in_bowl_01.jpg/107px-Steamed_rice_in_bowl_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Steamed_rice_in_bowl_01.jpg/161px-Steamed_rice_in_bowl_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Steamed_rice_in_bowl_01.jpg/214px-Steamed_rice_in_bowl_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="626" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ClassicwhiteMantou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/ClassicwhiteMantou.jpg/110px-ClassicwhiteMantou.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/ClassicwhiteMantou.jpg/165px-ClassicwhiteMantou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/ClassicwhiteMantou.jpg/220px-ClassicwhiteMantou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaobing5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Shaobing5.jpg/123px-Shaobing5.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Shaobing5.jpg/185px-Shaobing5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Shaobing5.jpg/246px-Shaobing5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="606" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:76px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HofanUpClose.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/HofanUpClose.jpg/102px-HofanUpClose.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/HofanUpClose.jpg/153px-HofanUpClose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/HofanUpClose.jpg/204px-HofanUpClose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:138px;max-width:138px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:76px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_Noodles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Chinese_Noodles.jpg/136px-Chinese_Noodles.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Chinese_Noodles.jpg/204px-Chinese_Noodles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Chinese_Noodles.jpg/272px-Chinese_Noodles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3920" data-file-height="2204" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:76px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thin_Noodle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Thin_Noodle.jpg/102px-Thin_Noodle.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Thin_Noodle.jpg/153px-Thin_Noodle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Thin_Noodle.jpg/204px-Thin_Noodle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Staple foods in China: rice, breads and various kinds of noodles</div></div></div></div> <p>Chinese ancestors successfully planted <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, and other grains about 8,000 to 9,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat</a>, another staple, took another three or four thousand years. For the first time, grains provided people with a steady supply of food. Because of the lack of various foods, Chinese people had to adapt to new eating habits. Meat was scarce, and so people cooked with small amounts of meat and rice or noodles.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rice">Rice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a> was domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in southern China approximately 9,000 years ago and is a primary <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple food</a> for people from rice farming areas in southern China.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Steamed_rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Steamed rice">Steamed rice</a>, usually <a href="/wiki/White_rice" title="White rice">white rice</a>, is the most commonly eaten form. People in South China also like to use rice to make congee as breakfast.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rice is also used to produce <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_China" title="Beer in China">beer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glutinous_rice" title="Glutinous rice">Glutinous rice</a> ("sticky rice") is a variety of rice used in special dishes such as lotus leaf rice and glutinous rice balls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wheat">Wheat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wheat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In wheat-farming areas in <a href="/wiki/Northern_and_southern_China" title="Northern and southern China">Northern China</a>, people largely rely on <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a>-based food, such as <a href="/wiki/Chinese_noodle" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese noodle">noodles</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bing_(bread)" title="Bing (bread)">bing</a></i> (bread), <i><a href="/wiki/Jiaozi" title="Jiaozi">jiaozi</a></i> (a kind of Chinese <a href="/wiki/Dumpling" title="Dumpling">dumplings</a>), and <i><a href="/wiki/Mantou" title="Mantou">mantou</a></i> (a type of steamed buns).<sup id="cite_ref-Yao_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yao-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wheat likely "appeared in the lower Yellow River around 2600 Before Common Era (BCE), followed by Gansu and Xinjiang around 1900 BCE and finally occurred in the middle Yellow River and Tibet regions by 1600 BCE".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noodles">Noodles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Noodles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_noodles" title="Chinese noodles">Chinese noodles</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Noodle" title="Noodle">Noodles</a> were invented in China over 4,000 years ago and have since spread across the world. <a href="/wiki/Chinese_noodles" title="Chinese noodles">Chinese noodles</a> come dry or fresh in a variety of sizes, shapes and textures and are often served in soups or fried as toppings. Some varieties, such as Shou Mian (寿面, literally noodles of longevity), is an avatar of long life and good health according to Chinese traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Yao_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yao-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noodles can be served hot or cold with different toppings, with broth, and occasionally dry (as is the case with mi-fen). Noodles are commonly made with rice flour or wheat flour, but other flours such as <a href="/wiki/Soy_flour" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy flour">soybean</a> are also used in minor groups. Some noodles names describe their methods of creation, such as the hand-pulled noodle.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soybean_products">Soybean products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Soybean products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tofu_-_assorted_products_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tofu_-_assorted_products_01.jpg/220px-Tofu_-_assorted_products_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tofu_-_assorted_products_01.jpg/330px-Tofu_-_assorted_products_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tofu_-_assorted_products_01.jpg/440px-Tofu_-_assorted_products_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3474" data-file-height="2616" /></a><figcaption>Several kinds of soybean products are sold in a farmer's market in <a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a>, China.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stired-fried_Razor_Clams_with_Black_Beans_and_Pepper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Stired-fried_Razor_Clams_with_Black_Beans_and_Pepper.jpg/220px-Stired-fried_Razor_Clams_with_Black_Beans_and_Pepper.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Stired-fried_Razor_Clams_with_Black_Beans_and_Pepper.jpg/330px-Stired-fried_Razor_Clams_with_Black_Beans_and_Pepper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Stired-fried_Razor_Clams_with_Black_Beans_and_Pepper.jpg/440px-Stired-fried_Razor_Clams_with_Black_Beans_and_Pepper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2134" data-file-height="1452" /></a><figcaption>Stir-fried <a href="/wiki/Razor_shell" title="Razor shell">razor shell</a> with <i><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">douchi</a></i> (fermented black soybeans) in <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Jiaodong</a> style</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a> is made of <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybeans</a> and is another popular food product that supplies protein. The production process of tofu varies from region to region, resulting in different kinds of tofu with a wide range of texture and taste.<sup id="cite_ref-Hsieh_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hsieh-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other products such as <a href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy milk">soy milk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soy_paste" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy paste">soy paste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soy_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy oil">soy oil</a>, and fermented <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a> are also important in Chinese cooking. </p><p>There are many kinds of soybean products, including <a href="/wiki/Tofu_skin" title="Tofu skin">tofu skin</a>, smoked tofu, dried tofu, and fried tofu. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stinky_tofu" title="Stinky tofu">Stinky tofu</a> is fermented tofu. Like <a href="/wiki/Blue_cheese" title="Blue cheese">blue cheese</a> or <a href="/wiki/Durian" title="Durian">durian</a>, it has a very distinct, potent and strong smell, and is an acquired taste. Hard stinky tofu is often deep-fried and paired with soy sauce or salty spice. Soft stinky tofu is usually used as a spread on steamed buns. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Doufuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Doufuru">Doufuru</a> is another type of fermented tofu that has a salty taste. Doufuru can be pickled together with soy beans, <a href="/wiki/Red_yeast_rice" title="Red yeast rice">red yeast rice</a> or chili to create different color and flavor. This is more of a pickled type of tofu and is not as strongly scented as stinky tofu. Doufuru has the consistency of slightly soft blue cheese, and a taste similar to Japanese <a href="/wiki/Miso_paste" class="mw-redirect" title="Miso paste">miso paste</a>, but less salty. Doufuru can be used as a spread on steamed buns, or paired with <a href="/wiki/Congee" title="Congee">rice congee</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fermented_bean_curd" title="Fermented bean curd">Sufu</a> is one other type of fermented tofu that goes through ageing process. The color (red, white, green) and flavor profile can determine the type of sufu it is. This kind of tofu is usually eaten alongside breakfast rice.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soybean milk is soybean-based milk. It is a morning beverage, and it has many benefits to human health.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegetables">Vegetables</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Vegetables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apart from vegetables that can be commonly seen, some unique <a href="/wiki/Vegetables" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetables">vegetables</a> used in Chinese cuisine include <a href="/wiki/Baby_corn" title="Baby corn">baby corn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bok_choy" title="Bok choy">bok choy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snow_pea" title="Snow pea">snow peas</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gai_lan" title="Gai lan">Chinese broccoli</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Volvariella_volvacea" title="Volvariella volvacea">straw mushrooms</a>. Other vegetables, including <a href="/wiki/Bean_sprout" class="mw-redirect" title="Bean sprout">bean sprouts</a>, pea vine tips, <a href="/wiki/Watercress" title="Watercress">watercress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lotus_root" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus root">lotus roots</a>, chestnuts, water chestnuts, and <a href="/wiki/Bamboo_shoot" title="Bamboo shoot">bamboo shoots</a>, are also used in different cuisines of China. </p><p>Because of different climate and soil conditions, cultivars of green beans, peas, and mushrooms can be found in rich variety. </p><p>A variety of dried or pickled vegetables are also processed, especially in drier or colder regions where fresh vegetables were hard to get out of season. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Herbs_and_seasonings">Herbs and seasonings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Herbs and seasonings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Five_spices_detailed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Five_spices_detailed.jpg/200px-Five_spices_detailed.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Five_spices_detailed.jpg/300px-Five_spices_detailed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Five_spices_detailed.jpg/400px-Five_spices_detailed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4540" data-file-height="3026" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Ingredients of <i><a href="/wiki/Five-spice_powder" title="Five-spice powder">wu xiang fen</a></i> (five-spice powder) are Sichuan peppercorn, cloves, cinnamon, fennel seeds, and star anise.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_Cup_Chicken_in_Clay_Pot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Three_Cup_Chicken_in_Clay_Pot.jpg/200px-Three_Cup_Chicken_in_Clay_Pot.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Three_Cup_Chicken_in_Clay_Pot.jpg/300px-Three_Cup_Chicken_in_Clay_Pot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Three_Cup_Chicken_in_Clay_Pot.jpg/400px-Three_Cup_Chicken_in_Clay_Pot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4736" data-file-height="3552" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i><a href="/wiki/Sanbeiji" title="Sanbeiji">Sanbeiji</a></i> (three-cup chicken) traditionally is prepared with <a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">lard</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jiuniang" title="Jiuniang">jiuniang</a></i> (rice wine pudding) and <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">Seasonings</a> such as fresh <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a> root, <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scallion" title="Scallion">scallion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cilantro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilantro">cilantro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a> are widely used in many regional cuisines. <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_peppercorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuan peppercorn">Sichuan peppercorns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_anise" title="Star anise">star anise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">fennel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloves">cloves</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="White pepper">white peppers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polygonum" title="Polygonum">smart weed</a> are also used in different regions.<sup id="cite_ref-times_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To add extra flavor to the dishes, many Chinese cuisines also contain dried Chinese mushrooms, dried baby shrimp, dried tangerine peel,<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and dried Sichuan chillies. </p><p>When it comes to <a href="/wiki/Sauce" title="Sauce">sauces</a>, China is home to soy sauce, which is made from fermented soybeans and wheat. A number of sauces are also based on fermented soybeans, including <a href="/wiki/Hoisin_sauce" title="Hoisin sauce">hoisin sauce</a>, ground bean sauce and yellow bean sauce. There are also different sauces preferred by regional cuisines, <a href="/wiki/Oyster_sauce" title="Oyster sauce">oyster sauce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">fish sauce</a> and furu (fermented tofu) are also widely used. Vinegar also has a variety with different flavors: clear rice vinegar, <a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang_Vinegar" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhenjiang Vinegar">Chinkiang black rice vinegar</a>, Shanxi vinegar, Henghe vinegar etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meat">Meat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Meat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most commonly consumed meat in China is <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a>. As of at least 2024, China is the second largest beef consuming market in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:Han_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Han-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 85">: 85 </span></sup> Steakhouses and hot pot restaurants serving beef are becoming increasingly popular in <a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_China" title="Urbanization in China">urban China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:Han_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Han-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 85">: 85 </span></sup> Chinese consumers particularly value freshly slaughtered beef.<sup id="cite_ref-:Han_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Han-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 86">: 86 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Desserts_and_snacks">Desserts and snacks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Desserts and snacks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_desserts" title="Chinese desserts">Chinese desserts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_pastries" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese pastries">Chinese pastries</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_desserts" title="List of Chinese desserts">List of Chinese desserts</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%B3%95%E7%82%B9-Chinese_Pastries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%E7%B3%95%E7%82%B9-Chinese_Pastries.jpg/200px-%E7%B3%95%E7%82%B9-Chinese_Pastries.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%E7%B3%95%E7%82%B9-Chinese_Pastries.jpg/300px-%E7%B3%95%E7%82%B9-Chinese_Pastries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%E7%B3%95%E7%82%B9-Chinese_Pastries.jpg/400px-%E7%B3%95%E7%82%B9-Chinese_Pastries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1547" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Different <i>gāo diǎn</i> (traditional Chinese pastry) with different stuffing, including <a href="/wiki/Lotus_seed" title="Lotus seed">lotus seed</a>, rose, and mixture of pea and <a href="/wiki/Jackbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackbean">jackbean</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egg_custard_tarts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Egg_custard_tarts.jpg/200px-Egg_custard_tarts.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Egg_custard_tarts.jpg/300px-Egg_custard_tarts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Egg_custard_tarts.jpg/400px-Egg_custard_tarts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Egg_tart" title="Egg tart">Egg custard tart</a> is a type of <i>xī diǎn</i> (Western pastry) originally from Portugal and gain its popularity through <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Generally, seasonal fruits serve as the most common form of dessert consumed after dinner.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">Dim sum</a> (点心), originally means a small portion of food, can refer to dessert, or pastries. Later to avoid disambiguation, tian dian (甜点) and gao dian (糕点) are used to describe desserts and pastries. </p><p>Traditionally, Chinese desserts are sweet foods and dishes that are served with tea, usually during the meal,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or at the end of meals in Chinese cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Besides being served as dim sum along with tea, pastries are used for celebration of traditional festivals.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most famous one is <a href="/wiki/Moon_cake" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon cake">moon cake</a>, used to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival" title="Mid-Autumn Festival">Mid-Autumn Festival</a>. </p><p>A wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_desserts" title="Chinese desserts">Chinese desserts</a> are available, mainly including steamed and boiled sweet snacks. <a href="/wiki/Bing_(Chinese_flatbread)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing (Chinese flatbread)">Bing</a> is an umbrella term for all breads in Chinese, also including pastries and sweets. These are baked wheat-flour-based confections, with different stuffings including <a href="/wiki/Red_bean_paste" title="Red bean paste">red bean paste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jujube" title="Jujube">jujube</a>, and a variety of others. Su (酥) is another kind of pastry made with more amount of oil, making the confection more friable. Chinese candies and sweets, called <i>táng</i> (糖)<sup id="cite_ref-kaleidoscope_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaleidoscope-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are usually made with <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">cane sugar</a>, malt sugar, honey, nuts, and fruit. <a href="/wiki/Kueh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kueh">Gao or Guo</a> are rice-based snacks that are typically steamed<sup id="cite_ref-kaleidoscope_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaleidoscope-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and may be made from glutinous or normal rice. </p><p>Another cold dessert is called <i>baobing</i>, which is <a href="/wiki/Shaved_ice" title="Shaved ice">shaved ice</a> with sweet syrup.<sup id="cite_ref-kaleidoscope_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaleidoscope-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese jellies are known collectively in the language as <i>ices</i>. Many jelly desserts are traditionally set with agar and are flavoured with fruits, known as guodong (果冻),<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though <a href="/wiki/Gelatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelatine">gelatine</a> based jellies are also common in contemporary desserts. </p><p>Chinese dessert soups are typically sweet and served hot.<sup id="cite_ref-kaleidoscope_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaleidoscope-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>European pastries are also seen in China, like <a href="/wiki/Mille-feuille" title="Mille-feuille">mille-feuille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_br%C3%BBl%C3%A9e" title="Crème brûlée">crème brûlée</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cheesecake" title="Cheesecake">cheesecake</a>, but they are generally not as popular because the Chinese preference of dessert is mildly sweet and less oily.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baozi_Chengdu.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Baozi_Chengdu.JPG/220px-Baozi_Chengdu.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Baozi_Chengdu.JPG/330px-Baozi_Chengdu.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Baozi_Chengdu.JPG/440px-Baozi_Chengdu.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Baozi" title="Baozi">Bāozi</a></i> are steamed buns containing savoury or sweet combinations of meat, vegetables, and mushrooms, traditionally associated with breakfast.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many types of street foods, which vary from region to region, can be eaten as snacks or light dinner. <a href="/wiki/Prawn_cracker" title="Prawn cracker">Prawn crackers</a> are an often-consumed snack in Southeast China.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dairy_products">Dairy products</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Dairy products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chinese in earlier dynasties evidently drank milk and ate dairy products, although not necessarily from cows, but <i><a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">kumis</a></i> (fermented mare's milk) or goat's milk. </p><p>Historically, many Chinese chefs tried not to use milk, because of the high rate of <a href="/wiki/Lactose_intolerance#Epidemiology" title="Lactose intolerance">lactose intolerance among the Chinese population</a>. However, today, dairy products are increasingly used in Chinese cuisine, such as the "<a href="/wiki/Double_skin_milk" title="Double skin milk">double skin milk</a>" dessert in Guangdong Province, the Rubing (milk cake) cheese in <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yoghurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoghurt">yoghurt</a> in Qinghai and Xinjiang. China has a wide variety of dairy desserts that are very popular.<sup id="cite_ref-kaleidoscope_55-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaleidoscope-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cold_dishes">Cold dishes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cold dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_pickles" title="Chinese pickles">Chinese pickles</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:368px;max-width:368px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%A6%99%E5%8D%A4%E7%8C%AA%E8%80%B3%E6%9C%B5-gravy_pig%27s_ear_cold_dish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%E9%A6%99%E5%8D%A4%E7%8C%AA%E8%80%B3%E6%9C%B5-gravy_pig%27s_ear_cold_dish.jpg/180px-%E9%A6%99%E5%8D%A4%E7%8C%AA%E8%80%B3%E6%9C%B5-gravy_pig%27s_ear_cold_dish.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%E9%A6%99%E5%8D%A4%E7%8C%AA%E8%80%B3%E6%9C%B5-gravy_pig%27s_ear_cold_dish.jpg/270px-%E9%A6%99%E5%8D%A4%E7%8C%AA%E8%80%B3%E6%9C%B5-gravy_pig%27s_ear_cold_dish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/%E9%A6%99%E5%8D%A4%E7%8C%AA%E8%80%B3%E6%9C%B5-gravy_pig%27s_ear_cold_dish.jpg/360px-%E9%A6%99%E5%8D%A4%E7%8C%AA%E8%80%B3%E6%9C%B5-gravy_pig%27s_ear_cold_dish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2113" data-file-height="1383" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Stewed pig's ear as <a href="/wiki/Lou_mei" title="Lou mei">lou mei</a> is usually served cold.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Billyfoodtofu1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Billyfoodtofu1.jpg/180px-Billyfoodtofu1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Billyfoodtofu1.jpg/270px-Billyfoodtofu1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Billyfoodtofu1.jpg/360px-Billyfoodtofu1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><i>Pídàn dòufǔ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Century_egg" title="Century egg">century egg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">tofu</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Cold dishes are usually served before the main meal. Besides salad and pickles as appetizers, they can range from jelly, beancurd, noodle salad, cooked meat, and sausages to jellyfish or cold soups. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chinese_sausage" title="Chinese sausage">Chinese sausages</a> vary from region to region. The most common sausage is made of pork and pork fat. The flavor is generally salty-sweet in Southern China. In other parts of China, sausages are salted to be preserved. Chinese sausage is prepared in many different ways, including oven-roasting, stir-frying, and <a href="/wiki/Steaming" title="Steaming">steaming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soups">Soups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Soups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese soup">Chinese soup</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tougan_shrimp_soup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tougan_shrimp_soup.jpg/220px-Tougan_shrimp_soup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tougan_shrimp_soup.jpg/330px-Tougan_shrimp_soup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tougan_shrimp_soup.jpg/440px-Tougan_shrimp_soup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><i>Dōngguā xiārén fěnsī tāng</i> (winter melon, shrimp and cellophane noodle soup)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_soups" title="List of Chinese soups">List of Chinese soups</a></div> <p>In some part of South China, soups are served between the cold dishes and the main dishes. In other parts of China, soups are served between the main dish and staple foods, before desserts or fruit salad. There are many traditional Chinese soups, such as <a href="/wiki/Wonton" title="Wonton">wonton</a> soup, herbal chicken soup, <a href="/wiki/Hot_and_sour_soup" title="Hot and sour soup">hot and sour soup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winter_melon_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter melon soup">winter melon soup</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and so on. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drinks">Drinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Drinks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tea plays an important role in Chinese dining culture. In China, there are two main types of tea, one is made from dried tea leaves, the other one is made by extracts from tea leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huangjiu" title="Huangjiu">huangjiu</a> as strong alcoholic beverages are preferred by many people as well. Wine is not so popular as other drinks in China that are consumed whilst dining, although they are usually available in the menu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tea">Tea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Longjing_tea_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Longjing_tea_3.jpg/220px-Longjing_tea_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Longjing_tea_3.jpg/330px-Longjing_tea_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Longjing_tea_3.jpg/440px-Longjing_tea_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Longjing_tea" title="Longjing tea">Longjing tea</a>, also known as Dragon Well tea, is a variety of roasted green tea from <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> Province, China, where it is produced mostly by hand and has been renowned for its high quality, earning the <a href="/wiki/China_Famous_Tea" class="mw-redirect" title="China Famous Tea">China Famous Tea</a> title.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_tea" title="Chinese tea">Chinese tea</a></div> <p>As well as with dim sum, many Chinese drink their tea with snacks such as nuts, plums, dried fruit (in particular <a href="/wiki/Jujube" title="Jujube">jujube</a>), small sweets, melon seeds, and <a href="/wiki/Myrica_rubra" title="Myrica rubra">waxberry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yao_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yao-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China was the earliest country to cultivate and drink tea, which is enjoyed by people from all social classes.<sup id="cite_ref-Hong_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hong-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tea processing began after the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a> dynasties.<sup id="cite_ref-Hong_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hong-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The different types of Chinese tea include black, white, green, yellow, oolong, and dark tea. Chinese tea is often classified into several different categories according to the variety of the tea plant from which it is sourced, the region in which it is grown, and the method of production used. Some of these types are <a href="/wiki/Green_tea" title="Green tea">green tea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oolong_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Oolong tea">oolong tea</a>, black tea, scented tea, <a href="/wiki/White_tea" title="White tea">white tea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Compressed_tea" title="Compressed tea">compressed tea</a>. There are four major <a href="/wiki/Tea_plantation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tea plantation">tea plantation</a> regions: <a href="/wiki/Jiangbei_District,_Ningbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangbei District, Ningbo">Jiangbei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huanan_County" title="Huanan County">Huanan</a> and the southwestern region.<sup id="cite_ref-Hong_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hong-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Well known types of green tea include <a href="/wiki/Longjing_tea" title="Longjing tea">Longjing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huangshan_Maofeng" title="Huangshan Maofeng">Huangshan Maofeng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilochun" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilochun">Bilochun</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Putuofeng_Cha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Putuofeng Cha (page does not exist)">Putuofeng Cha</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu%27an_Guapian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu'an Guapian (page does not exist)">Liu'an Guapian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chang_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China is the world's largest exporter of green tea.<sup id="cite_ref-Chang_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chang-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most ubiquitous accessories in modern China, after a wallet or purse and an umbrella, is a double-walled insulated glass thermos with tea leaves in the top behind a strainer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alcoholic_beverages">Alcoholic beverages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Alcoholic beverages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_alcoholic_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese alcoholic beverages">Chinese alcoholic beverages</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baijiu_in_Haikou_2018_09_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Baijiu_in_Haikou_2018_09_11.jpg/220px-Baijiu_in_Haikou_2018_09_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Baijiu_in_Haikou_2018_09_11.jpg/330px-Baijiu_in_Haikou_2018_09_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Baijiu_in_Haikou_2018_09_11.jpg/440px-Baijiu_in_Haikou_2018_09_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="2390" /></a><figcaption>Baijiu</figcaption></figure> <p>The importance of <i><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">baijiu</a></i> (<small>lit.</small> "white liquor") in China (99.5% of its alcoholic market) makes it the most-consumed alcoholic spirit in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It dates back to the introduction of distilling during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Yao_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yao-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can be made from wheat, corn, or rice; and is usually around 120 proof (60% ABV). The most ubiquitous brand is the cheap <a href="/wiki/Er_guo_tou" class="mw-redirect" title="Er guo tou">Er guo tou</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Mao_Tai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mao Tai">Mao Tai</a> is the premium <i>baijiu</i>. Other popular brands include Kang, Lu Zhou Te Qu, and Wu Liang Ye.<sup id="cite_ref-Yao_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yao-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese-wine-Hua-Tiao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chinese-wine-Hua-Tiao.jpg/220px-Chinese-wine-Hua-Tiao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chinese-wine-Hua-Tiao.jpg/330px-Chinese-wine-Hua-Tiao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chinese-wine-Hua-Tiao.jpg/440px-Chinese-wine-Hua-Tiao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Huangjiu</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Huangjiu" title="Huangjiu">Huangjiu</a></i> (<small>lit.</small> "yellow liquor") is not distilled and is a strong <a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">rice wine</a> (10–15% ABV).<sup id="cite_ref-Yao_32-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yao-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Popular brands include <a href="/wiki/Shaoxing_Lao_Jiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaoxing Lao Jiu">Shaoxing Lao Jiu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaoxing_Hua_Diao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaoxing Hua Diao (page does not exist)">Shaoxing Hua Diao</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_Jia_Fan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te Jia Fan (page does not exist)">Te Jia Fan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yao_32-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yao-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While fermented grain beverages have been brewed in China for over 9,000 years, it has been long overshadowed by stronger alcohol like <a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huangjiu" title="Huangjiu">Huangjiu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Herbal_drinks">Herbal drinks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Herbal drinks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_herb_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese herb tea">Chinese herb tea</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HK_Sweet_Fruit_%E7%BE%85%E6%BC%A2%E6%9E%9C_Luo_Han_Guo_%E7%85%B2%E6%B0%B4_cooking_water_Fructus_Momordicae_003.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/HK_Sweet_Fruit_%E7%BE%85%E6%BC%A2%E6%9E%9C_Luo_Han_Guo_%E7%85%B2%E6%B0%B4_cooking_water_Fructus_Momordicae_003.JPG/220px-HK_Sweet_Fruit_%E7%BE%85%E6%BC%A2%E6%9E%9C_Luo_Han_Guo_%E7%85%B2%E6%B0%B4_cooking_water_Fructus_Momordicae_003.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/HK_Sweet_Fruit_%E7%BE%85%E6%BC%A2%E6%9E%9C_Luo_Han_Guo_%E7%85%B2%E6%B0%B4_cooking_water_Fructus_Momordicae_003.JPG/330px-HK_Sweet_Fruit_%E7%BE%85%E6%BC%A2%E6%9E%9C_Luo_Han_Guo_%E7%85%B2%E6%B0%B4_cooking_water_Fructus_Momordicae_003.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/HK_Sweet_Fruit_%E7%BE%85%E6%BC%A2%E6%9E%9C_Luo_Han_Guo_%E7%85%B2%E6%B0%B4_cooking_water_Fructus_Momordicae_003.JPG/440px-HK_Sweet_Fruit_%E7%BE%85%E6%BC%A2%E6%9E%9C_Luo_Han_Guo_%E7%85%B2%E6%B0%B4_cooking_water_Fructus_Momordicae_003.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>herb tea</figcaption></figure> <p>Chinese herb tea, also known as <i>medicinal herbal tea</i>, is a kind of tea made from Chinese medicinal <a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">herbs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_beverages">Other beverages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Other beverages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soy milk, <a href="/wiki/Almond_milk" title="Almond milk">almond milk</a>, walnut milk and coconut milk are also drunk during the meal in different regions. In some parts of China, <a href="/wiki/Crataegus" title="Crataegus">hawthorn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jujube" title="Jujube">jujube</a> juice are preferred. A small shot of fruit vinegar is served as an appetizer in <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outside_China">Outside China</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Outside China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billyzhajiang1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Billyzhajiang1.jpg/220px-Billyzhajiang1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Billyzhajiang1.jpg/330px-Billyzhajiang1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Billyzhajiang1.jpg/440px-Billyzhajiang1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Zhajiangmian" title="Zhajiangmian">Zhájiàng Miàn</a></i> (noodles with bean paste) is a traditional northern Chinese dish. It has spread to South Korea where it is known as <i><a href="/wiki/Jajangmyeon" title="Jajangmyeon">Jajangmyeon</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Where there are historical immigrant Chinese populations, the style of food has evolved and been adapted to local tastes and ingredients, and modified by the local cuisine, to greater or lesser extents. This has resulted in a deep Chinese influence on other national cuisines such as <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singaporean_cuisine" title="Singaporean cuisine">Singaporean cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese cuisine</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chinatown" title="Chinatown">Chinatowns</a> across the world have been instrumental in shaping the national cuisines of their respective countries, such as the introduction of a <a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Thailand" title="Street food of Thailand">street food culture to Thailand</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Bangkok" title="Chinatown, Bangkok">Bangkok Chinatown</a>. There are also a large number of forms of <a href="/wiki/Fusion_cuisine" title="Fusion cuisine">fusion cuisine</a>, often popular in the country in question. Some, such as <a href="/wiki/Ramen" title="Ramen">ramen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_Chinese_cuisine" title="Japanese Chinese cuisine">Japanese Chinese cuisine</a>), which originated in <a href="/wiki/Yokohama_Chinatown" title="Yokohama Chinatown">Yokohama Chinatown</a>, have become popular internationally. </p><p>Deep-fried meat combined with <a href="/wiki/Sweet_and_sour" title="Sweet and sour">sweet and sour</a> sauce as a cooking style receives an enormous preference outside of China. Therefore, many similar international Chinese cuisines are invented based on sweet and sour sauce, including Sweet and sour chicken (Europe and North America), Manchurian chicken (India) or <i><a href="/wiki/Tangsuyuk" title="Tangsuyuk">tangsuyuk</a></i> (South Korea). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mango_pancake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mango_pancake.jpg/220px-Mango_pancake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mango_pancake.jpg/330px-Mango_pancake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mango_pancake.jpg/440px-Mango_pancake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2767" data-file-height="1946" /></a><figcaption><b>Mango pancake</b></figcaption></figure> <p>Apart from the host country, the dishes developed in overseas Chinese cuisines are heavily dependent on the cuisines derived from the origin of the Chinese immigrants. In <a href="/wiki/Korean_Chinese_cuisine" title="Korean Chinese cuisine">Korean Chinese cuisine</a>, the dishes derive primarily from <a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong cuisine</a> while <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine" title="Filipino Chinese cuisine">Filipino Chinese cuisine</a> is strongly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Fujian_cuisine" title="Fujian cuisine">Fujian cuisine</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">American Chinese cuisine</a> has distinctive dishes (such as <a href="/wiki/Chop_suey" title="Chop suey">chop suey</a>) originally based on <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese cuisine</a>, which are more popular among non-Chinese Americans than with <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese Americans</a> themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">American Chinese cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chop_suey" title="Chop suey">Chop suey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crab_rangoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Crab rangoon">crab rangoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Tso%27s_chicken" title="General Tso's chicken">General Tso's chicken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egg_foo_young" title="Egg foo young">egg foo young</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_chicken" title="Orange chicken">orange chicken</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Australian Chinese cuisine">Australian Chinese cuisine</a> <ul><li>Mango pancake, <a href="/wiki/Dim_sim" title="Dim sim">dim sim</a>, XO sauce pipis</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chinese_cuisine" title="British Chinese cuisine">British Chinese cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_balls" title="Chicken balls">Chicken balls</a>, Jar jow</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Myanmar#Cuisine" title="Chinese people in Myanmar">Burmese Chinese cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyay_oh" title="Kyay oh">Kyay oh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigyet_khauk_sw%C3%A8" title="Sigyet khauk swè">Sigyet khauk swè</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Canadian Chinese cuisine">Canadian Chinese cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_beef" title="Ginger beef">Ginger beef</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Chinese_cuisine" title="Caribbean Chinese cuisine">Caribbean Chinese cuisine</a> <ul><li>Cha chee kai, bangamary ding</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine" title="Filipino Chinese cuisine">Filipino Chinese cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arroz_caldo" title="Arroz caldo">Arroz caldo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batchoy" title="Batchoy">Batchoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pancit" title="Pancit">Pancit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Indian Chinese cuisine">Indian Chinese cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gobi_manchurian" class="mw-redirect" title="Gobi manchurian">Gobi manchurian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchow_soup" title="Manchow soup">Manchow soup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Chinese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Chinese cuisine">Indonesian Chinese cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakso" title="Bakso">Bakso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cap_cai" title="Cap cai">Cap cai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumpia" title="Lumpia">Lumpia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mie_ayam" title="Mie ayam">Mie ayam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mie_goreng" title="Mie goreng">Mie goreng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swikee" title="Swikee">Swikee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siomay" title="Siomay">Siomay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crab_in_oyster_sauce" title="Crab in oyster sauce">Kepiting saus tiram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Chinese_cuisine" title="Japanese Chinese cuisine">Japanese Chinese cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champon" title="Champon">Champon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramen" title="Ramen">Ramen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyoza" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyoza">Gyoza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kakuni" title="Kakuni">Kakuni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenshindon" title="Tenshindon">Tenshindon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Chinese_cuisine" title="Korean Chinese cuisine">Korean Chinese cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jajangmyeon" title="Jajangmyeon">Jajangmyeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jjamppong" title="Jjamppong">jjamppong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hotteok" title="Hotteok">hotteok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tangsuyuk" title="Tangsuyuk">Tangsuyuk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Latin_American_cuisine" title="Chinese Latin American cuisine">Chinese Latin American cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chifa" title="Chifa">Peruvian Chinese cuisine</a> (Chifa) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arroz_chaufa" title="Arroz chaufa">Arroz chaufa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lomo_saltado" title="Lomo saltado">Lomo saltado</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Chinese_cuisine" title="Puerto Rican Chinese cuisine">Puerto Rican Chinese cuisine</a> <ul><li>Carne Ahumada</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Malaysian Chinese cuisine">Malaysian Chinese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Chinese_cuisine" title="New Zealand Chinese cuisine">New Zealand Chinese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Chinese_cuisine" title="Pakistani Chinese cuisine">Pakistani Chinese cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalfrezi" title="Jalfrezi">Jalfrezi</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dining_etiquette">Dining etiquette</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Dining etiquette"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Song_Dynasty_silver_chopsticks,_cup,_and_spoon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Song_Dynasty_silver_chopsticks%2C_cup%2C_and_spoon.JPG/220px-Song_Dynasty_silver_chopsticks%2C_cup%2C_and_spoon.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Song_Dynasty_silver_chopsticks%2C_cup%2C_and_spoon.JPG/330px-Song_Dynasty_silver_chopsticks%2C_cup%2C_and_spoon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Song_Dynasty_silver_chopsticks%2C_cup%2C_and_spoon.JPG/440px-Song_Dynasty_silver_chopsticks%2C_cup%2C_and_spoon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Silverware from the Song dynasty (10th–13th centuries): Chopsticks, bowl and spoon</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Customs_and_etiquette_in_Chinese_dining" title="Customs and etiquette in Chinese dining">Customs and etiquette in Chinese dining</a></div> <p>Youths should not begin eating before their elders do. When eating from a bowl, one should not hold it with its bottom part, because it resembles the act of begging. <a href="/wiki/Chopsticks" title="Chopsticks">Chopsticks</a> are the main eating utensils for Chinese food, which can be used to cut and pick up food.<sup id="cite_ref-chopsticks2_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chopsticks2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When someone is taking a break from eating at the table, they should not put the chopstick into the rice vertically, because it resembles the Chinese traditional funeral tribute, which involves putting chopsticks inside a bowl of rice vertically. It is considered inappropriate to use knives on the dining table.<sup id="cite_ref-chopsticks_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chopsticks-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chopsticks should not be waved around in the air or played with. Food should first be taken from the plate in front. It is considered impolite to stare at a plate. Watching TV, using mobile phones or doing other activities while eating is considered in poor taste. If an older person puts food in a younger person's bowl, the younger person should thank them.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chinese culture has guidelines in how and when food are eaten. Chinese people typically eat three meals a day, consisting of breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Breakfast is served around 6–9am, lunch is served around 12–2pm, and dinner is served around 6–9pm.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A late night, fourth meal of the day is known as <a href="/wiki/Siu_yeh" title="Siu yeh">siu yeh</a> and served from 9pm-4am, which is similar to the Western concept of <a href="/wiki/Supper" title="Supper">supper</a>. Within the Chinese culture, families do follow different traditions. In some families, the elderly members and youngsters get their meal first, then the mother and father, and then the children and teenagers.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other families have the male and female eat separately at different seating area.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whatever tradition the family decide to follow, it is intended to show respect to members of the family. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relation_to_Chinese_philosophy_and_religion">Relation to Chinese philosophy and religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Relation to Chinese philosophy and religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mooncake1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mooncake1.jpg/170px-Mooncake1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mooncake1.jpg/255px-Mooncake1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mooncake1.jpg/340px-Mooncake1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="314" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mooncake" title="Mooncake">Mooncake</a>, eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival</figcaption></figure> <p>Food plays various roles in social and cultural life. In <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancestor_veneration_in_China" title="Ancestor veneration in China">ancestor veneration</a> is conducted by offering food to ancestors and Chinese festivals involve the consumption and preparation of specific foods which have symbolic meanings attached to them. Specific religions in China have their own cuisines such as the <a href="/wiki/Taoist_diet" title="Taoist diet">Taoist diet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Buddhist cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_Cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Islamic Cuisine">Chinese Islamic Cuisine</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a> in <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> province once had their own Chinese Jewish cuisine but the community has largely died out in the modern era and not much is known about the specifics of their cuisine but they did influence foods eaten in their region and some of their dishes remain.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese dishes with purported Kaifeng Jewish roots include Kaifeng xiao long bao, Mayuxing bucket-shaped chicken, Chrysanthemum hot pot, and Four Treasures.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Food also plays a role in daily life. The formality of the meal setting can signify what kind of relationship people have with one another, and the type of food can indicate ones' social status and their country of origin.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a formal setting, up to sixteen of any combination of hot and cold dishes would be served to respect the guests. On the other hand, in a casual setting, people would eat inexpensive meals such as at food stalls or homemade food. The typical disparity in food in the Chinese society between the wealthy and everyone below that group lies in the rarity and cost of the food or ingredient, such as shark fins and bear paws.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Depending on whether one chooses to have rice or a meal that is made of wheat flour such as bread or noodles as their main source of food, people within a similar culture or of a different background can make an assumption of the other's country of origin from the south or north of China. Different foods have different symbolic meanings. <a href="/wiki/Mooncake" title="Mooncake">Mooncakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dumpling" title="Dumpling">dumplings</a> are symbolic of the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival" title="Mid-Autumn Festival">Mid-autumn festival</a> and the Spring Festival, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">Pear</a> symbolizes bad luck due to its similarity in pronunciation of 'away' in the native language and noodle means living a long life for its length.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_39-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Chinese philosophy, food frequently conveys a message. A Chinese philosophy <i><a href="/wiki/I_Ching" title="I Ching">I Ching</a></i> says, "Gentlemen use eating as a way to attain happiness. They should be aware of what they say, and refrain from eating too much."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, 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Kong">Hong Kong portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/32px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/48px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/64px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Singapore" title="Portal:Singapore">Singapore portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Bite_of_China" title="A Bite of China">A Bite of China</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">CCTV</a></li> <li>The eight major traditions of Chinese cuisine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_cuisine" title="Fujian cuisine">Fujian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu_cuisine" title="Jiangsu cuisine">Jiangsu cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_cuisine" title="Zhejiang cuisine">Zhejiang cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_cuisine" title="Hunan cuisine">Hunan cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhui_cuisine" title="Anhui cuisine">Anhui cuisine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other traditions in Chinese cuisine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_imperial_cuisine" title="Chinese imperial cuisine">Chinese imperial cuisine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_cuisine" title="Shanghai cuisine">Shanghai cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaiyang_cuisine" title="Huaiyang cuisine">Huaiyang cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubei_cuisine" title="Hubei cuisine">Hubei cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi_cuisine" title="Jiangxi cuisine">Jiangxi cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_cuisine" title="Henan cuisine">Henan cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi_cuisine" title="Shanxi cuisine">Shanxi cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_cuisine" title="Shaanxi cuisine">Shaanxi cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_cuisine" title="Uyghur cuisine">Uyghur cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guizhou_cuisine" title="Guizhou cuisine">Guizhou cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunnan_cuisine" title="Yunnan cuisine">Yunnan cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_cuisine" title="Teochew cuisine">Teochew cuisine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_bakery_products" title="List of Chinese bakery products">List of Chinese bakery products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_desserts" title="List of Chinese desserts">List of Chinese desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_dishes" title="List of Chinese dishes">List of Chinese dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_sauces" title="List of Chinese sauces">List of Chinese sauces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_soups" title="List of Chinese soups">List of Chinese soups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_regional_cuisine" title="Chinese regional cuisine">Chinese regional cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_food_therapy" title="Chinese food therapy">Chinese food therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_cuisine" title="History of Chinese cuisine">History of Chinese cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_and_etiquette_in_Chinese_dining" title="Customs and etiquette in Chinese dining">Customs and etiquette in Chinese dining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cooking_techniques" title="Chinese cooking techniques">Chinese cooking techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cuisine_Training_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Cuisine Training Institute">Chinese Cuisine Training Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurants_in_China" title="List of restaurants in China">List of restaurants in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_in_China" title="Pizza in China">Pizza in China</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-history-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-history_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoos2020" class="citation web cs1">Roos, Dave (18 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/news/first-restaurants-china-france">"When Did People Start Eating in Restaurants?"</a>. <i>History.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230627003443/https://www.history.com/news/first-restaurants-china-france">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History.com&rft.atitle=When+Did+People+Start+Eating+in+Restaurants%3F&rft.date=2020-05-18&rft.aulast=Roos&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Ffirst-restaurants-china-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gernet133-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gernet133_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGernet1962">Gernet (1962</a>:133)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrini2001" class="citation book cs1">Petrini, Carlo, ed. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KVf94-rwpJ8C&pg=PA63"><i>Slow Food: Collected Thoughts on Taste, Tradition, and the Honest Pleasures ...</i></a> Chelsea Green Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781603581721" title="Special:BookSources/9781603581721"><bdi>9781603581721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slow+Food%3A+Collected+Thoughts+on+Taste%2C+Tradition%2C+and+the+Honest+Pleasures+...&rft.pub=Chelsea+Green+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781603581721&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKVf94-rwpJ8C%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cits.net/china-travel-guide/four-major-cuisines-in-china.html">"Four Major Cuisines in China"</a>. <i>CITS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170111004157/http://www.cits.net/china-travel-guide/four-major-cuisines-in-china.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CITS&rft.atitle=Four+Major+Cuisines+in+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cits.net%2Fchina-travel-guide%2Ffour-major-cuisines-in-china.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlop2023" class="citation book cs1">Dunlop, Fuchsia (2023). <i>Invitation to a Banquet</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invitation+to+a+Banquet&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Dunlop&rft.aufirst=Fuchsia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beautyfujian-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-beautyfujian_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130731165745/http://beautyfujian.com/Fujian/Fujian_Cuisine.html">"Fujian Cuisine.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beautyfujian.com/">Beautyfujian.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710001538/http://beautyfujian.com/">Archived</a> 10 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed June 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chinatour.net/beijing/food/">"Beijing cuisine and Peking roasted duck."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141210080113/http://chinatour.net/beijing/food/">Archived</a> 10 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chinatour.net/">ChinaTour.Net</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141215041757/http://chinatour.net/">Archived</a> 15 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed Dec 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This standard starts from <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> in the 6th century by <a href="/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi">Bai Juyi</a> from the <i>Preface of <a href="/wiki/Lychee" title="Lychee">Lychee</a> Diagram</i>: After leaving branch...for four and five days, the color, smell, and taste (of lychee) will be gone. (<span lang="zh-Hant">《荔枝圖序》：「若離本枝……四五日外，色、香、味盡去矣」。</span>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/english/cooking/2011-06/14/content_434301.htm">"Braised Shredded Dried Tofu"</a>. <i>China Today</i>. 14 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302041603/http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/english/cooking/2011-06/14/content_434301.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Today&rft.atitle=Braised+Shredded+Dried+Tofu&rft.date=2011-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinatoday.com.cn%2Fenglish%2Fcooking%2F2011-06%2F14%2Fcontent_434301.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWertz" class="citation web cs1">Wertz, Richard R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibiblio.org/chineseculture/contents/food/p-food-c01s01.html">"The Cultural Heritage of China :: Food & Drink :: Cuisine :: Introduction"</a>. <i>www.ibiblio.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230721114148/http://www.ibiblio.org/chineseculture/contents/food/p-food-c01s01.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ibiblio.org&rft.atitle=The+Cultural+Heritage+of+China+%3A%3A+Food+%26+Drink+%3A%3A+Cuisine+%3A%3A+Introduction&rft.aulast=Wertz&rft.aufirst=Richard+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fchineseculture%2Fcontents%2Ffood%2Fp-food-c01s01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Analects" title="Analects">Analects</a></i>, Book 10 <i>Xiang Dang</i> (鄉黨), Chapter 6, Verse 8: 食不厭精，膾不厭細。……失飪不食。……割不正，不食。不得其醬，不食。肉雖多，不使勝食氣。惟酒無量，不及亂。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollman" class="citation book cs1">Hollman, Thomas. <i>The Land of the Five Flavors</i>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Land+of+the+Five+Flavors&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.aulast=Hollman&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2004" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, J.A.G. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/C/bo3536662.html"><i>China to Chinatown</i></a>. Globalities. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781861892270" title="Special:BookSources/9781861892270"><bdi>9781861892270</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+to+Chinatown&rft.series=Globalities&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781861892270&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=J.A.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.uchicago.edu%2Fucp%2Fbooks%2Fbook%2Fdistributed%2FC%2Fbo3536662.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCq22saltbyitselfwasneverused22pgPA207_267]-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCq22saltbyitselfwasneverused22pgPA207_267]_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnderson1988">Anderson (1988)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BAcknxN_S8QC&q=%22salt+by+itself+was+never+used%22&pg=PA207">267</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCpgPA52_52]-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCpgPA52_52]_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnderson1988">Anderson (1988)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BAcknxN_S8QC&pg=PA52">52</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuang2000" class="citation book cs1">Huang, H. T. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FgtFxedkgbcC&q=shao+ping+sesame&pg=PA474"><i>Fermentations and Food Science, Volume 6</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 474. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521652707" title="Special:BookSources/0521652707"><bdi>0521652707</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fermentations+and+Food+Science%2C+Volume+6&rft.pages=474&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0521652707&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=H.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFgtFxedkgbcC%26q%3Dshao%2Bping%2Bsesame%26pg%3DPA474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCpgPA143_143,_144,_218]-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCpgPA143_143,_144,_218]_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnderson1988">Anderson (1988)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BAcknxN_S8QC&pg=PA143">143, 144, 218</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimoons1990" class="citation book cs1">Simoons, Frederick J. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo087ZxohA4C&q=shao+ping+sesame&pg=PA89"><i>Food in China: A Cultural and Historical Inquiry</i></a>. CRC Press. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/084938804X" title="Special:BookSources/084938804X"><bdi>084938804X</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+in+China%3A+A+Cultural+and+Historical+Inquiry&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=084938804X&rft.aulast=Simoons&rft.aufirst=Frederick+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFo087ZxohA4C%26q%3Dshao%2Bping%2Bsesame%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JiXjAAAAMAAJ&q=The+name+%22shao+ping%22+applies+to+a+family+of+flaky,+fiat,+sesame-seed-+topped+breads+of+Persian+origin+but+now+found+in+all+locales+along+the+old+Silk+Road."><i>Free China Review, Volume 45, Issues 7-12</i></a>. W.Y. Tsao. 1995. p. 66<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Free+China+Review%2C+Volume+45%2C+Issues+7-12&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=W.Y.+Tsao&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJiXjAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DThe%2Bname%2B%2522shao%2Bping%2522%2Bapplies%2Bto%2Ba%2Bfamily%2Bof%2Bflaky%2C%2Bfiat%2C%2Bsesame-seed-%2Btopped%2Bbreads%2Bof%2BPersian%2Borigin%2Bbut%2Bnow%2Bfound%2Bin%2Ball%2Blocales%2Balong%2Bthe%2Bold%2BSilk%2BRoad.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holcombe2001-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Holcombe2001_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Holcombe2001" class="citation book cs1">Charles Holcombe (January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XT5pvPZ4vroC&pg=PA129"><i>The Genesis of East Asia: 221 B.C. - A.D. 907</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 129–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2465-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2465-5"><bdi>978-0-8248-2465-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Genesis+of+East+Asia%3A+221+B.C.+-+A.D.+907&rft.pages=129-&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2001-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-2465-5&rft.au=Charles+Holcombe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXT5pvPZ4vroC%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchafer1963" class="citation book cs1">Schafer, Edward H. (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Z7cZ77SqEQC&pg=PA29"><i>The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A Study of Tʻang Exotics</i></a> (illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). University of California Press. p. 29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Peaches+of+Samarkand%3A+A+Study+of+T%CA%BBang+Exotics&rft.pages=29&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+reprint%2C+revised&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=Edward+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Z7cZ77SqEQC%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCdqyogurtfishweipgPA80_80]-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCdqyogurtfishweipgPA80_80]_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnderson1988">Anderson (1988)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BAcknxN_S8QC&dq=yogurt+fish+wei&pg=PA80">80</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearceSpiroEbrey2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Pearce, Scott; Spiro, Audrey G.; Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, eds. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PASE4LVLzQ0C&q=yogurt+fish+wei&pg=PA22"><i>Culture and Power in the Reconstitution of the Chinese Realm, 200-600</i></a>. Vol. 200 of Harvard East Asian monographs (illustrated ed.). Harvard Univ Asia Center. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0674005236" title="Special:BookSources/0674005236"><bdi>0674005236</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Power+in+the+Reconstitution+of+the+Chinese+Realm%2C+200-600&rft.pages=22&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Harvard+Univ+Asia+Center&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0674005236&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPASE4LVLzQ0C%26q%3Dyogurt%2Bfish%2Bwei%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2009" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Mark Edward (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinabetweenempi00lewi"><i>China Between Empires</i></a></span>. Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinabetweenempi00lewi/page/126">126</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674026056" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674026056"><bdi>978-0674026056</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014</span>. <q>wang su yoghurt.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+Between+Empires&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0674026056&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Mark+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchinabetweenempi00lewi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuang2000" class="citation book cs1">Huang, H. T. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FgtFxedkgbcC&q=wang+su+yogurt&pg=PA511"><i>Fermentations and Food Science, Volume 6</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 511. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521652707" title="Special:BookSources/0521652707"><bdi>0521652707</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fermentations+and+Food+Science%2C+Volume+6&rft.pages=511&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0521652707&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=H.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFgtFxedkgbcC%26q%3Dwang%2Bsu%2Byogurt%26pg%3DPA511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoo_&_al.2014" class="citation cs2">Choo, Jessey Jiun-chyi; et al. (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ffEYBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA429">"Everyday Life"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AeiIl2y6vJQC"><i>Early Medieval China: A Sourcebook</i></a>, New York: Columbia University Press, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AeiIl2y6vJQC&pg=PA434">434</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-15987-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-15987-6"><bdi>978-0-231-15987-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Everyday+Life&rft.btitle=Early+Medieval+China%3A+A+Sourcebook&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=434&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-231-15987-6&rft.aulast=Choo&rft.aufirst=Jessey+Jiun-chyi&rft.au=Albert+E.+Dien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DffEYBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《東坡續集》卷十：《豬肉頌》：“洗凈鐺，少著水，柴頭罨煙燄不起。待他自熟莫催他，火候足時他自美。黃州好豬肉，價賤如泥土。貴者不肯食，貧者不解煮。早晨起來打兩碗，飽得自家君莫管。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHöllmann2014" class="citation book cs1">Höllmann, Thomas O. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/868132659"><i>The land of the five flavors : a cultural history of Chinese cuisine</i></a>. Karen Margolis. New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-53654-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-53654-7"><bdi>978-0-231-53654-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/868132659">868132659</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+land+of+the+five+flavors+%3A+a+cultural+history+of+Chinese+cuisine&rft.place=New+York&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F868132659&rft.isbn=978-0-231-53654-7&rft.aulast=H%C3%B6llmann&rft.aufirst=Thomas+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F868132659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCpgPA52_91,_178]-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1988[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidBAcknxN_S8QCpgPA52_91,_178]_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnderson1988">Anderson (1988)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BAcknxN_S8QC&pg=PA52">91, 178</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayoftheeating.wordpress.com/2014/05/22/things-to-avoid-3-meals-for-the-ears/">"Things to Avoid 3: Meals for the Ears (戒耳餐)"</a>. <i>Translating the Suiyuan Shidan</i>. 22 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402201422/https://wayoftheeating.wordpress.com/2014/05/22/things-to-avoid-3-meals-for-the-ears/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Translating+the+Suiyuan+Shidan&rft.atitle=Things+to+Avoid+3%3A+Meals+for+the+Ears+%28%E6%88%92%E8%80%B3%E9%A4%90%29&rft.date=2014-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwayoftheeating.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F05%2F22%2Fthings-to-avoid-3-meals-for-the-ears%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayoftheeating.wordpress.com/2014/09/05/things-to-avoid-12-cliche/">"Things to Avoid 12: Cliché (戒落套)"</a>. <i>Translating the Suiyuan Shidan</i>. 5 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402112904/https://wayoftheeating.wordpress.com/2014/09/05/things-to-avoid-12-cliche/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Translating+the+Suiyuan+Shidan&rft.atitle=Things+to+Avoid+12%3A+Clich%C3%A9+%28%E6%88%92%E8%90%BD%E5%A5%97%29&rft.date=2014-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwayoftheeating.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F09%2F05%2Fthings-to-avoid-12-cliche%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yao-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yao_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yao_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yao_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yao_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yao_32-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yao_32-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yao_32-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yao_32-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yao, Zhang. <i>China Everyday!</i>. Page One Pub. 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-245-330-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-245-330-3">978-981-245-330-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kas.ku.edu/archived-site/chinese_food/regional_cuisine.html">"Regions of Chinese food-styles/flavors of cooking."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005071508/http://www.kas.ku.edu/archived-site/chinese_food/regional_cuisine.html">Archived</a> 5 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kas.ku.edu/">University of Kansas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210302074232/http://www.kas.ku.edu/archived-site/chinese_food/regional_cuisine.html">Archived</a> 2 March 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> , Kansas Asia Scholars. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Simple+Chinese+Food&rft.atitle=Winter+Melon+Soup+Recipe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsimplechinesefood.com%2Frecipe%2Fwinter-melon-soup-42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanNieTaiSong2022" class="citation journal cs1">Pan, Si-Yuan; Nie, Qu; Tai, Hai-Chuan; Song, Xue-Lan; Tong, Yu-Fan; Zhang, Long-Jian-Feng; Wu, Xue-Wei; Lin, Zhao-Heng; Zhang, Yong-Yu; Ye, Du-Yun; Zhang, Yi (22 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8861626">"Tea and tea drinking: China's outstanding contributions to the mankind"</a>. <i>Chinese Medicine</i>. <b>17</b> (1): 27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13020-022-00571-1">10.1186/s13020-022-00571-1</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-8546">1749-8546</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8861626">8861626</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35193642">35193642</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Medicine&rft.atitle=Tea+and+tea+drinking%3A+China%27s+outstanding+contributions+to+the+mankind&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=27&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8861626%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1749-8546&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35193642&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs13020-022-00571-1&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Si-Yuan&rft.au=Nie%2C+Qu&rft.au=Tai%2C+Hai-Chuan&rft.au=Song%2C+Xue-Lan&rft.au=Tong%2C+Yu-Fan&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Long-Jian-Feng&rft.au=Wu%2C+Xue-Wei&rft.au=Lin%2C+Zhao-Heng&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yong-Yu&rft.au=Ye%2C+Du-Yun&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8861626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hong-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hong_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hong_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hong_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Q. 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Accessed 9 August 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandhaus2020" class="citation web cs1">Sandhaus, Derek (8 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200823005558/https://supchina.com/2020/07/08/craft-beer-in-china-a-brief-and-complete-history/">"Craft beer in China: A brief and complete history"</a>. <i>SupChina</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supchina.com/2020/07/08/craft-beer-in-china-a-brief-and-complete-history/">the original</a> on 23 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SupChina&rft.atitle=Craft+beer+in+China%3A+A+brief+and+complete+history&rft.date=2020-07-08&rft.aulast=Sandhaus&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupchina.com%2F2020%2F07%2F08%2Fcraft-beer-in-china-a-brief-and-complete-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWulin紀戊霖2010" class="citation book cs1">Wulin, Ji; 紀戊霖 (3 February 2010). <i>Zhong yao cai cha liao shi dian</i>. Tai bei xian xin dian shi: Yuan hua fa xing chu ban fa xing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789866612794" title="Special:BookSources/9789866612794"><bdi>9789866612794</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/815400238">815400238</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zhong+yao+cai+cha+liao+shi+dian&rft.place=Tai+bei+xian+xin+dian+shi&rft.pub=Yuan+hua+fa+xing+chu+ban+fa+xing&rft.date=2010-02-03&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F815400238&rft.isbn=9789866612794&rft.aulast=Wulin&rft.aufirst=Ji&rft.au=%E7%B4%80%E6%88%8A%E9%9C%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Coe, <i>Chop Suey: A Cultural History of Chinese Food in the United States</i> (2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yong Chen, <i>Chop Suey, USA: The Story of Chinese Food in America</i> (2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chopsticks2-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chopsticks2_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://think.sina.cn/shise/doc--ifyarrcf4119650.d.html">"Why Chinese use chopsticks while Westerners use knives and forks?"</a> (in Chinese). Sina Zhishi. 16 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141453/https://think.sina.cn/shise/doc--ifyarrcf4119650.d.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Chinese+use+chopsticks+while+Westerners+use+knives+and+forks%3F&rft.pub=Sina+Zhishi&rft.date=2017-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthink.sina.cn%2Fshise%2Fdoc--ifyarrcf4119650.d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chopsticks-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chopsticks_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230521121408/https://trustnews1724.co.in/where-did-british-chinese-food-come-from-2023/">"Why the length of chopsticks are 7 cun 6 fen?"</a> (in Chinese). KK News. 2 September 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trustnews1724.co.in/where-did-british-chinese-food-come-from-2023/">the original</a> on 21 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+the+length+of+chopsticks+are+7+cun+6+fen%3F&rft.pub=KK+News&rft.date=2016-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrustnews1724.co.in%2Fwhere-did-british-chinese-food-come-from-2023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper1986" class="citation journal cs1">Cooper, Eugene (1986). "Chinese Table Manners: You Are How You Eat". <i>Human Organization</i>. <b>45</b> (2): 179–184. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17730%2Fhumo.45.2.4034u85x3058m025">10.17730/humo.45.2.4034u85x3058m025</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-7259">0018-7259</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44126118">44126118</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Organization&rft.atitle=Chinese+Table+Manners%3A+You+Are+How+You+Eat&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=179-184&rft.date=1986&rft.issn=0018-7259&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44126118%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17730%2Fhumo.45.2.4034u85x3058m025&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108031347/https://www.yumofchina.com/chinese-food-culture/">"Chinese Food Culture - Understand your behavior when eating in China"</a>. <i>Yum Of China</i>. 20 April 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yumofchina.com/chinese-food-culture/">the original</a> on 8 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yum+Of+China&rft.atitle=Chinese+Food+Culture+-+Understand+your+behavior+when+eating+in+China&rft.date=2019-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yumofchina.com%2Fchinese-food-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flavorandfortune.com/dataaccess/article.php?ID=864">Kaifeng, Capital and Culinary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181014165059/http://www.flavorandfortune.com/dataaccess/article.php?ID=864">Archived</a> 14 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Flavor and Fortune</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flavorandfortune.com/ffdataaccess/article.php?ID=1475">"Kaifeng: A Chinese Jewish Haven"</a>. <i>www.flavorandfortune.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201064039/http://www.flavorandfortune.com/ffdataaccess/article.php?ID=1475">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.flavorandfortune.com&rft.atitle=Kaifeng%3A+A+Chinese+Jewish+Haven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flavorandfortune.com%2Fffdataaccess%2Farticle.php%3FID%3D1475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span lang="zh-Hans">《易》曰：君子以飲食宴樂。又曰：君子慎言語，節飲食。</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">“Yì” yuē: Jūnzǐ yǐ yǐnshí yàn lè.</span></i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGernet1962" class="citation book cs1">Gernet, Jacques (1962). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinchina00gernrich"><i>Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion, 1250–1276</i></a></span>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-0720-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-0720-0"><bdi>0-8047-0720-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daily+Life+in+China+on+the+Eve+of+the+Mongol+Invasion%2C+1250%E2%80%931276&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=0-8047-0720-0&rft.aulast=Gernet&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdailylifeinchina00gernrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1988" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Eugene N. (1988). <i>The Food of China</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300047398" title="Special:BookSources/0300047398"><bdi>0300047398</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Food+of+China&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0300047398&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Eugene+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Chang, Kwang-chih (1977). <i>Food in Chinese Culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspectives</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300019386" title="Special:BookSources/0300019386"><bdi>0300019386</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+in+Chinese+Culture%3A+Anthropological+and+Historical+Perspectives&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0300019386&rft.au=Chang%2C+Kwang-chih&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>David R. Knechtges, "A Literary Feast: Food in Early Chinese Literature," <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society </i>106.1 (1986): 49–63.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Newman, Jacqueline M. (2004). <i>Food Culture in China</i>. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313325812" title="Special:BookSources/0313325812"><bdi>0313325812</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+Culture+in+China&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0313325812&rft.au=Newman%2C+Jacqueline+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Roberts, J. A. G. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinatochinatown00robe"><i>China to Chinatown: Chinese Food in the West</i></a>. London: Reaktion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1861891334" title="Special:BookSources/1861891334"><bdi>1861891334</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+to+Chinatown%3A+Chinese+Food+in+the+West&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Reaktion&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1861891334&rft.au=Roberts%2C+J.+A.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchinatochinatown00robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sterckx, Roel. <i>Food, Sacrifice, and Sagehood in Early China.</i> New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011 (2015).</li> <li>Sterckx, Roel. <i>Chinese Thought. From Confucius to Cook Ding.</i> London: Penguin, 2019.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Swislocki, Mark (2009). <i>Culinary Nostalgia: Regional Food Culture and the Urban Experience in Shanghai</i>. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804760126" title="Special:BookSources/9780804760126"><bdi>9780804760126</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culinary+Nostalgia%3A+Regional+Food+Culture+and+the+Urban+Experience+in+Shanghai&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780804760126&rft.au=Swislocki%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Waley-Cohen" title="Joanna Waley-Cohen">Waley-Cohen, Joanna</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402093548/http://www.flavorandfortune.com/dataaccess/article.php?ID=625">"Celebrated Cooks of China's Past"</a>. <i>Flavor & Fortune</i>. <b>14</b> (4): 5–7, 24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flavorandfortune.com/dataaccess/article.php?ID=625">the original</a> on 2 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flavor+%26+Fortune&rft.atitle=Celebrated+Cooks+of+China%27s+Past&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=5-7%2C+24&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Waley-Cohen&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flavorandfortune.com%2Fdataaccess%2Farticle.php%3FID%3D625&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Endymion Wilkinson, "Chinese Culinary History (Feature Review)," <i>China Review International </i>8.2 (Fall 2001): 285–302.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Endymion_Wilkinson" title="Endymion Wilkinson">Wilkinson, Endymion</a> (2022). <i>Chinese History: A New Manual</i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674260184" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674260184"><bdi>978-0674260184</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+History%3A+A+New+Manual&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0674260184&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Endymion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Wu, David Y. H.; Cheung, Sidney C. H. (2002). <i>The Globalization of Chinese Food</i>. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0700714030" title="Special:BookSources/0700714030"><bdi>0700714030</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Globalization+of+Chinese+Food&rft.place=Richmond%2C+Surrey&rft.pub=Curzon&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0700714030&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=David+Y.+H.&rft.au=Cheung%2C+Sidney+C.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cookbooks">Cookbooks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Cookbooks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Buwei Yang Chao. <i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Cook_and_Eat_in_Chinese" title="How to Cook and Eat in Chinese">How to Cook and Eat in Chinese</a>.</i> (New York: John Day, 1945; revisions and reprints).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuchsia_Dunlop" title="Fuchsia Dunlop">Fuchsia Dunlop</a>. <i>Land of Plenty: A Treasury of Authentic Sichuan Cooking.</i> (New York: Norton, 2003). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393051773" title="Special:BookSources/0393051773">0393051773</a>.</li> <li>Fuchsia Dunlop. <i>Revolutionary Chinese Cookbook: Recipes from Hunan Province.</i> (New York: Norton, 2007). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393062228" title="Special:BookSources/0393062228">0393062228</a>.</li> <li>Fuchsia Dunlop. <i>Shark's Fin and Sichuan Pepper: A Sweet-Sour Memoir of Eating in China.</i> (New York: Norton, 2008). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393066579" title="Special:BookSources/9780393066579">9780393066579</a>.</li> <li>Fuchsia Dunlop. <i>Every Grain of Rice: Simple Chinese Home Cooking</i> (2012). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408802526" title="Special:BookSources/9781408802526">9781408802526</a></li> <li>Emily Hahn, <i>Recipes, The Cooking of China.</i> (Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life Books, Foods of the World, 1981).</li> <li>Hsiang-Ju Lin and Tsuifeng Lin. <i>Chinese Gastronomy.</i> (London: Nelson, 1969; rpr.). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0171470575" title="Special:BookSources/0171470575">0171470575</a>.</li> <li>Yan-Kit So. <i>Classic Food of China.</i> (London: Macmillan, rpr 1994, 1992). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780333576717" title="Special:BookSources/9780333576717">9780333576717</a>.</li> <li>Martin Yan. <i>Martin Yan's Chinatown Cooking: 200 Traditional Recipes from 11 Chinatowns around the World.</i> (New York: Morrow, 2002). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0060084758" title="Special:BookSources/0060084758">0060084758</a>.</li> <li>Georgina Freedman. <i>Cooking South of The Clouds: Recipes and Stories From China's Yunnan Province.</i> (Octopus; Kyle, 2018). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857834980" title="Special:BookSources/9780857834980">9780857834980</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_cuisine&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cuisine_of_China" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cuisine of China">Cuisine of China</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Chinese_cuisine#Q10876842" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Chinese cuisine">Chinese cuisine</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>K.C. Chang <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asiasociety.org/lifestyle/food-recipes/food/meats/food-chinese-culture">"Food in Chinese Culture"</a> <a href="/wiki/Asia_Society" title="Asia Society">Asia Society</a></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/chinesefoodmadeeasy/">Chinese food made easy</a>" at the <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">BBC</a></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guides.library.stonybrook.edu/content.php?pid=190666&sid=1599362">Chinese Culinary History (Websites for Research)</a> Stony Brook University Libraries.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="China_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:China_topics" title="Template:China topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:China_topics" title="Template talk:China topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:China_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:China topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="China_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_China" title="Outline of China">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_history" title="Timeline of Chinese history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_historiography" title="Chinese historiography">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_China" title="Military history of China">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese_language" title="History of the Chinese language">Language</a></li> <li>Economic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_before_1912" title="Economic history of China before 1912">before 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Economic history of China (1912–1949)">1912–1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1949%E2%80%93present)" title="Economic history of China (1949–present)">1949–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_foreign_relations_of_China" title="History of foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_China" title="Dynasties of China">Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_monarchs" title="List of Chinese monarchs">Monarchs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_China" title="Prehistory of China">Prehistoric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paleolithic_sites_in_China" title="List of Paleolithic sites in China">Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neolithic_cultures_of_China" title="List of Neolithic cultures of China">Neolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_civilization" title="Yellow River civilization">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_civilization" title="Yangtze civilization">Yangtze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_civilization" title="Liao civilization">Liao</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Ancient_China" title="History of China">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Shang" title="Late Shang">Late</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou" title="Western Zhou">Western Zhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Imperial_China" title="History of China">Imperial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Wu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Jin (266–420)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties" title="Northern and Southern dynasties">Northern and Southern dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin (1115–1234)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Qing_era" title="High Qing era">High Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_of_humiliation" title="Century of humiliation">Century of humiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Modern_China" title="History of China">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of the People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">Tiananmen Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Economic reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">persecution of Uyghurs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_China" title="Geography of China">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_China" title="Borders of China">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_China" title="List of extreme points of China">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_China" title="Geology of China">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_disasters_in_China" title="Natural disasters in China">Natural disasters</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_China" title="List of regions of China">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_China" title="Northwestern China">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_China" title="Southwestern China">Southwestern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Terrain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bays_of_China" title="Category:Bays of China">Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canyons_and_gorges_of_China" title="Category:Canyons and gorges of China">Canyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caves_of_China" title="Category:Caves of China">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deserts_of_China" title="Category:Deserts of China">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grasslands_of_China" title="Category:Grasslands of China">Grasslands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hills_of_China" title="Category:Hills of China">Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_China" title="List of islands of China">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_China" title="Category:Mountains of China">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_China" title="Category:Mountain ranges of China">ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_passes_of_China" title="Category:Mountain passes of China">passes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peninsulas_of_China" title="Category:Peninsulas of China">Peninsulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China_Plain" title="Northeast China Plain">Northeast</a> / <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North</a> / <a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan" title="Zhongyuan">Central Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Valleys_of_China" title="Category:Valleys of China">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_China" title="List of volcanoes in China">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canals_in_China" title="Category:Canals in China">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_China" title="List of lakes of China">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_China" title="List of rivers of China">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_China" title="Category:Waterfalls of China">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wetlands_of_China" title="Category:Wetlands of China">Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_of_China" title="Water resources of China">Water resources</a></li> <li>Seas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_China" title="Environment of China">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_China" title="Climate change in China">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_policy_of_China" title="Climate policy of China">Climate policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_China" title="Environmental issues in China">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_in_China" title="Environmental policy in China">Environmental policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_China" title="List of protected areas of China">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_China" title="List of national parks of China">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_reserves_in_China" title="Category:Nature reserves in China">Nature reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UNESCO_Biosphere_Reserves_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in China">UNESCO Biosphere Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_China" title="Wildlife of China">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of China">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China" title="Flora of China">Flora</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baselines_of_the_Chinese_territorial_sea" title="Baselines of the Chinese territorial sea">Baseline islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Border_crossings_of_China" title="Category:Border crossings of China">Border crossings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Province-level subdivisions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Law" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_China" title="Judicial system of China">Judicial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in China">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tibet" title="Human rights in Tibet">in Tibet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_China" title="Law enforcement in China">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penal_system_in_China" title="Penal system in China">Penal system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_laws_in_China" title="Naming laws in China">Naming laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationality law of China">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_China" title="Terrorism in China">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_service_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Civil service of the People's Republic of China">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_democracy_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese democracy movement">Pro-democratisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_in_China" title="Environmental policy in China">Environmental policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_China" title="National security of China">National security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_China" title="List of political parties in China">Political parties and movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Political Consultative Conference</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_stage_of_socialism" title="Primary stage of socialism">Primary stage of socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_China" title="Vice President of China">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice Premier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of China">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_military_history_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Outline of the military history of the People's Republic of China">Outline of military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Ground Force">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Rocket_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Rocket Force">Rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Strategic_Support_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force">Strategic Support</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Coast_Guard" title="China Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Militia" title="Maritime Militia">Maritime Militia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_China" title="Agriculture in China">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_China" title="Aquaculture in China">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_China" title="Banking in China">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1949%E2%80%93present)" title="Economic history of China (1949–present)">Economic history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic zones</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-commerce_in_China" title="E-commerce in China">E-commerce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_advertising_in_China" title="Online advertising in China">Online advertising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_China" title="Energy policy of China">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_China" title="Coal in China">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_China" title="Petroleum industry in China">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_China" title="Renewable energy in China">Renewable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_China" title="Foreign aid to China">Foreign aid received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_foreign_aid" title="Chinese foreign aid">Foreign aid program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_GDP_of_China" title="Historical GDP of China">Historical GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_China" title="Industry of China">Industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry_in_China" title="Chemical industry in China">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_China" title="Gold mining in China">Gold mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry_in_China" title="Semiconductor industry in China">Semiconductors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_industry_in_China" title="Steel industry in China">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_China" title="Textile industry in China">Textiles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_China" title="Poverty in China">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_China" title="Standard of living in China">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_China" title="Taxation in China">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_China" title="Tourism in China">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_trade_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of trade of the People's Republic of China">Trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture in China">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_China" title="Housing in China">Housing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_China" title="Telecommunications in China">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_China" title="Internet in China">Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_China" title="Water supply and sanitation in China">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_China" title="Transport in China">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_China" title="Automotive industry in China">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_in_China" title="Civil aviation in China">Civil aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_China" title="Rail transport in China">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_industry_of_China" title="Shipping industry of China">Shipping industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program" title="Chinese space program">Space program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_China" title="Category:Society of China">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_China" title="Abortion in China">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_China" title="Crime in China">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_China" title="Corruption in China">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_China" title="Prostitution in China">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_China" title="Sex trafficking in China">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_China" title="Education in China">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_China" title="Literacy in China">Literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonious_Society" title="Harmonious Society">Harmonious Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_China" title="Health in China">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_China" title="Food safety in China">Food safety</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_incidents_in_China" title="Food safety incidents in China">incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_China" title="HIV/AIDS in China">HIV/AIDS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_intellectualism" title="Chinese intellectualism">Intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Written_Chinese" title="Written Chinese">Written Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_China" title="Propaganda in China">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_China" title="Public holidays in China">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_society_in_China" title="Rural society in China">Rural society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_China" title="Science and technology in China">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_China" title="Technological and industrial history of China">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_China" title="Sexuality in China">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_China" title="Social issues in China">Social issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy_in_China" title="Patriarchy in China">Patriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_China" title="Racism in China">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_discrimination_in_China" title="Regional discrimination in China">Regional discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_China" title="Suicide in China">Suicide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_social_relations" title="Chinese social relations">Social relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_China" title="Social structure of China">Structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_China" title="Time in China">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_society_in_China" title="Urban society in China">Urban society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_China" title="Welfare in China">Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of China">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_China" title="Archaeology of China">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archives_in_China" title="Archives in China">Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_art" title="Chinese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">Cinema</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_China" title="Dance in China">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libraries_in_China" title="Libraries in China">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_literature" title="Chinese literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts" title="Chinese martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_China" title="Mass media in China">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_China" title="Music of China">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_China" title="Names of China">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_philosophy" title="Chinese philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_China" title="Smoking in China">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_China" title="Sport in China">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_tea_culture" title="Chinese tea culture">Tea culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_variety_art" title="Chinese variety art">Variety art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Historical_and_Cultural_Site_Protected_at_the_National_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level">Major Historical and Cultural Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_China" title="List of World Heritage Sites in China">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fours_of_China" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Fours of China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Treasures_of_the_Study" title="Four Treasures of the Study">Four Treasures of the Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Great_Inventions" title="Four Great Inventions">Four Great Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Gentlemen" title="Four Gentlemen">Four Gentlemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowers_of_the_Four_Seasons" title="Flowers of the Four Seasons">Flowers of the Four Seasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Beauties" title="Four Beauties">Four Beauties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Chinese_Novels" title="Classic Chinese Novels">Four Classic Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_arts" title="Four arts">Four arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Symbols" title="Four Symbols">Four Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Beasts" title="Four Holy Beasts">Four Holy Beasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Pillars_of_Destiny" title="Four Pillars of Destiny">Four Pillars of Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Paragons_of_the_Early_Tang" title="Four Paragons of the Early Tang">Four Paragons of the Early Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Masters_of_the_Ming_dynasty" title="Four Masters of the Ming dynasty">Four Masters of the Ming dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Masters_of_the_Yuan_dynasty" title="Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty">Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Wangs" title="Four Wangs">Four Wangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Olds" title="Four Olds">Four Olds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Pests_campaign" title="Four Pests campaign">Four Pests campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_China" title="Demographics of China">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_emigration" title="Chinese emigration">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunuchs_in_China" title="Eunuchs in China">Eunuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_in_China" title="Migration in China">Internal migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_China" title="Languages of China">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_history_of_China" title="Population history of China">Population history</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Post-80s" title="Post-80s">Post-80s</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Post-90s" title="Post-90s">Post-90s</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_China" title="Urbanization in China">Urbanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_China" title="Women in China">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_China" title="Catholic Church in China">Catholic Church in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion_in_China" title="History of religion in China">History of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_China" title="Irreligion in China">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_China" title="National symbols of China">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Volunteers" title="March of the Volunteers">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emblem_of_China" title="National Emblem of China">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_China" title="Flag of China">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_China" title="Outline of China">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_China" title="Outline of China">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:China" title="Category:China">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asian_cuisine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asian_topic" title="Template:Asian topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asian_topic" title="Template talk:Asian topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asian_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asian topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asian_cuisine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_cuisine" title="Bahraini cuisine">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_cuisine" title="Bruneian cuisine">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cuisine" title="Burmese cuisine">Burma (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timorese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timorese cuisine">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_cuisine" title="North Korean cuisine">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_cuisine" title="South Korean cuisine">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_cuisine" title="Kuwaiti cuisine">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_cuisine" title="Kyrgyz cuisine">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Laotian cuisine">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_cuisine" title="Maldivian cuisine">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_cuisine" title="Omani cuisine">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine cuisine">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_cuisine" title="Qatari cuisine">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_cuisine" title="Saudi Arabian cuisine">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_cuisine" title="Singaporean cuisine">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_cuisine" title="Tajik cuisine">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_cuisine" title="Turkmen cuisine">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_cuisine" title="Emirati cuisine">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cuisine" title="Uzbek cuisine">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_cuisine" title="Yemeni cuisine">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz cuisine">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Cypriot cuisine">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="South Ossetian cuisine">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Indian_Ocean_Territory_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Indian Ocean Territory cuisine (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island_cuisine" title="Christmas Island cuisine">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands cuisine (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_cuisine" title="Macanese cuisine">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuisines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisines" title="Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisines" title="Template talk:Cuisines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">Cuisines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_cuisine" title="West African cuisine">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_cuisines" title="List of African cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Cuisine of the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_cuisine" title="Caribbean cuisine">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_cuisine" title="North American cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_cuisine" title="South American cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines_of_the_Americas" title="List of cuisines of the Americas">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_from_the_Caucasus" title="List of dishes from the Caucasus">Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cuisine" title="South Asian cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_cuisines" title="List of Asian cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_cuisine" title="Eastern European cuisine">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_cuisines" title="List of European cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_cuisine" title="Oceanian cuisine">Oceanian</a></li> <li>Intercontinental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_cuisine" title="Global cuisine">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Latin American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">National</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Regional_cuisine" title="Regional cuisine">regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_cuisine" title="California cuisine">Californian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floribbean_cuisine" title="Floribbean cuisine">Floribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Cuisine of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowcountry_cuisine" title="Lowcountry cuisine">Lowcountry (South Carolina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Midwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Midwestern United States">Midwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England" title="Cuisine of New England">New English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_cuisine" title="Pacific Northwest cuisine">Pacific Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_cuisine" title="Puerto Rican cuisine">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southern United States">Southern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southwestern United States">Southwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Texan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_cuisine" title="Angolan cuisine">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cuisine" title="Argentine cuisine">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_cuisine" title="Bahraini cuisine">Bahraini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_cuisine" title="Barbadian cuisine">Barbadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_cuisine" title="Belarusian cuisine">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_cuisine" title="Belgian cuisine">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_cuisine" title="Belizean cuisine">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_cuisine" title="Benin cuisine">Beninese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_cuisine" title="Bolivian cuisine">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian-Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_cuisine" title="Botswana cuisine">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguillian_cuisine" title="Anguillian cuisine">Anguillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_cuisine" title="Channel Islands cuisine">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Irish_cuisine" title="Northern Irish cuisine">Northern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Saint_Helena" title="Cuisine of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine" title="Welsh cuisine">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_cuisine" title="Bruneian cuisine">Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_cuisine" title="Burkinabe cuisine">Burkinabé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cuisine" title="Burmese cuisine">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_cuisine" title="Burundian cuisine">Burundian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_cuisine" title="Cameroonian cuisine">Cameroonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Canadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_cuisine" title="Acadian cuisine">Acadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Quebec" title="Cuisine of Quebec">Québécois</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cuisine of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_cuisine" title="Chadian cuisine">Chadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Chilean</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_cuisine" title="Macanese cuisine">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_cuisine" title="Uyghur cuisine">Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_cuisine" title="Congolese cuisine">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cuisine" title="Cuban cuisine">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_cuisine" title="Faroese cuisine">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_cuisine" title="Greenlandic cuisine">Greenlandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_cuisine" title="Djiboutian cuisine">Djiboutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica_cuisine" title="Dominica cuisine">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_cuisine" title="Dominican Republic cuisine">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_East_Timor" title="Cuisine of East Timor">East Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_cuisine" title="Ecuadorian cuisine">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_cuisine" title="Emirati cuisine">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_cuisine" title="Eritrean cuisine">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_cuisine" title="Estonian cuisine">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_cuisine" title="Fijian cuisine">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_cuisine" title="Kapampangan cuisine">Kapampangan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Cuisine of Réunion">La Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guianan_cuisine" title="French Guianan cuisine">French Guianan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_cuisine" title="Occitan cuisine">Occitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_cuisine" title="Gabonese cuisine">Gabonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_cuisine" title="Gambian cuisine">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cuisine" title="Ghanaian cuisine">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_cuisine" title="Cretan cuisine">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirotic_cuisine" title="Epirotic cuisine">Epirotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Macedonian_cuisine" title="Greek Macedonian cuisine">Greek Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="Cuisine of the Ionian Islands">Heptanesean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_cuisine" title="Guatemalan cuisine">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissauan_cuisine" title="Guinea-Bissauan cuisine">Guinea-Bissauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Guinea">Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_cuisine" title="Honduran cuisine">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_cuisine" title="Andhra cuisine">Andhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachali_cuisine" title="Arunachali cuisine">Arunachali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cuisine" title="Assamese cuisine">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_cuisine" title="Bihari cuisine">Bihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cuisine" title="Chhattisgarhi cuisine">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Goan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cuisine" title="Gujarati cuisine">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Haryanvi cuisine">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhandi_cuisine" title="Jharkhandi cuisine">Jharkhandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_cuisine" title="Kerala cuisine">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Maharashtrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_cuisine" title="Manipuri cuisine">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalayan_cuisine" title="Meghalayan cuisine">Meghalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_cuisine" title="Mizo cuisine">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_cuisine" title="Naga cuisine">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Odia cuisine">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_cuisine" title="Rajasthani cuisine">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_cuisine" title="Sikkimese cuisine">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_cuisine" title="Sindhi cuisine">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cuisine" title="Tamil cuisine">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_cuisine" title="Telangana cuisine">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_cuisine" title="Tripuri cuisine">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_cuisine" title="Uttar Pradesh cuisine">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhandi_cuisine" title="Uttarakhandi cuisine">Uttarakhandi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_cuisine" title="Acehnese cuisine">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cuisine" title="Balinese cuisine">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_cuisine" title="Banjar cuisine">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_cuisine" title="Batak cuisine">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betawi_cuisine" title="Betawi cuisine">Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorontalo cuisine">Gorontalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_cuisine" title="Indo cuisine">Indo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cuisine" title="Javanese cuisine">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_cuisine" title="Madurese cuisine">Madurese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_cuisine" title="Makassar cuisine">Makassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_cuisine" title="Minahasan cuisine">Minahasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang_cuisine" title="Padang cuisine">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang_cuisine" title="Palembang cuisine">Palembangese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_cuisine" title="Sundanese cuisine">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia" title="Cuisine of Sardinia">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_food" title="Tuscan food">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Veneto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Veneto">Venetian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_cuisine" title="Ivorian cuisine">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_cuisine" title="Jamaican cuisine">Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_cuisine" title="Okinawan cuisine">Okinawan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan cuisine">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_cuisine" title="North Korean cuisine">North Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_cuisine" title="South Korean cuisine">South Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_cuisine" title="Kuwaiti cuisine">Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_cuisine" title="Kyrgyz cuisine">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_cuisine" title="Lao cuisine">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_cuisine" title="Latvian cuisine">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Lesotho" title="Cuisine of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_cuisine" title="Liberian cuisine">Liberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_cuisine" title="Liechtenstein cuisine">Liechtensteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Luxembourg" title="Cuisine of Luxembourg">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_cuisine" title="Malagasy cuisine">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_cuisine" title="Malawian cuisine">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabahan_cuisine" title="Sabahan cuisine">Sabahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawakian_cuisine" title="Sarawakian cuisine">Sarawakian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_cuisine" title="Maldivian cuisine">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_cuisine" title="Malian cuisine">Malian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_cuisine" title="Marshallese cuisine">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_cuisine" title="Mauritanian cuisine">Mauritanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_cuisine" title="Mauritian cuisine">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cuisine" title="Moldovan cuisine">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monégasque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_cuisine" title="Mozambican cuisine">Mozambican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_cuisine" title="Namibian cuisine">Namibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_cuisine" title="Nauruan cuisine">Nauruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_cuisine" title="Nicaraguan cuisine">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Niger" title="Cuisine of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_cuisine" title="Nigerian cuisine">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuean_cuisine" title="Niuean cuisine">Niuean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_cuisine" title="Omani cuisine">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_cuisine" title="Panamanian cuisine">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_cuisine" title="Papua New Guinean cuisine">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_cuisine" title="Paraguayan cuisine">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cuisine" title="Peruvian cuisine">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_cuisine" title="Qatari cuisine">Qatari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_cuisine" title="Bashkir cuisine">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_cuisine" title="Chechen cuisine">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_cuisine" title="Circassian cuisine">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_cuisine" title="Cossack cuisine">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_cuisine" title="Komi cuisine">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovian_cuisine" title="Mordovian cuisine">Mordovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_cuisine" title="Sakha cuisine">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_cuisine" title="Tatar cuisine">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_cuisine" title="Udmurt cuisine">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal_cuisine" title="Yamal cuisine">Yamal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_cuisine" title="Rwandan cuisine">Rwandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_cuisine" title="Saint Lucian cuisine">Saint Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_cuisine" title="Salvadoran cuisine">Salvadoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">Sammarinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cuisine of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_cuisine" title="Saudi Arabian cuisine">Saudi Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_cuisine" title="Senegalese cuisine">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_cuisine" title="Seychellois cuisine">Seychellois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_cuisine" title="Sierra Leonean cuisine">Sierra Leonean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_cuisine" title="Singaporean cuisine">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cuisine" title="Somali cuisine">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_cuisine" title="Andalusian cuisine">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_cuisine" title="Asturian cuisine">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_cuisine" title="Balearic cuisine">Balearic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_cuisine" title="Basque cuisine">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_cuisine" title="Canarian cuisine">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_cuisine" title="Cantabrian cuisine">Cantabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_cuisine" title="Extremaduran cuisine">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_cuisine" title="Galician cuisine">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchego_cuisine" title="Manchego cuisine">Manchegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_cuisine" title="Valencian cuisine">Valencian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_cuisine" title="Sudanese cuisine">Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Eswatini" title="Cuisine of Eswatini">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_cuisine" title="Tajik cuisine">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzanian cuisine">Tanzanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibari_cuisine" title="Zanzibari cuisine">Zanzibari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_cuisine" title="Togolese cuisine">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine" title="Tunisian cuisine">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_cuisine" title="Turkmen cuisine">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_cuisine" title="Tuvaluan cuisine">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_cuisine" title="Trinidad and Tobago cuisine">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_cuisine" title="Ugandan cuisine">Ugandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_cuisine" title="Uruguayan cuisine">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cuisine" title="Uzbek cuisine">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatuan_cuisine" title="Vanuatuan cuisine">Vanuatuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_cuisine" title="Venezuelan cuisine">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_cuisine" title="Western Saharan cuisine">Western Saharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_cuisine" title="Yemeni cuisine">Yemeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_cuisine" title="Zambian cuisine">Zambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwean cuisine">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_cuisine" title="Ainu cuisine">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Arab Indonesian cuisine">Arab-Indonesian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_cuisine" title="Aromanian cuisine">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuisine" title="Assyrian cuisine">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cuisine" title="Balochi cuisine">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_cuisine" title="Buryat cuisine">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_cuisine" title="Cajun cuisine">Cajun</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Australian Chinese cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chinese_cuisine" title="British Chinese cuisine">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Cambodian Chinese cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Canadian Chinese cuisine">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine" title="Filipino Chinese cuisine">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Chinese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Chinese cuisine">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Chinese Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Malaysian Chinese cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Chinese_cuisine" title="Pakistani Chinese cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifa" title="Chifa">Peruvian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_cuisine" title="Crimean Tatar cuisine">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_cuisine" title="Gagauz cuisine">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek-American_cuisine" title="Greek-American cuisine">Greek-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi cuisine">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_cuisine" title="Hmong cuisine">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_cuisine" title="Anglo-Indian cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indian Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_cuisine" title="Malaysian Indian cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Indian_cuisine" title="North Indian cuisine">North Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_cuisine" title="South Indian cuisine">South Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous cuisine of the Americas">Indigenous American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_tucker" title="Bush tucker">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_cuisine" title="Inuit cuisine">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Moroccan Jewish cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Syrian Jewish cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_cuisine" title="Livonian cuisine">Livonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_cuisine" title="Louisiana Creole cuisine">Louisiana Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_cuisine" title="Malay cuisine">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_cuisine" title="Ossetian cuisine">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsi_cuisine" title="Parsi cuisine">Parsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_cuisine" title="Pashtun cuisine">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_cuisine" title="Peranakan cuisine">Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_cuisine" title="Pontic Greek cuisine">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_cuisine" title="Romani cuisine">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_cuisine" title="Sámi cuisine">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxon_cuisine" title="Transylvanian Saxon cuisine">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yup%27ik_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yup'ik cuisine">Yup'ik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_dietary_laws" title="Christian dietary laws">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholic_cuisine" title="Goan Catholic cuisine">Goan Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholic_cuisine" title="Mangalorean Catholic cuisine">Mangalorean Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_cuisine" title="Mennonite cuisine">Mennonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Ital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher food">Kosher food</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_slaughter" title="Ritual slaughter">Ritual slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Antebellum_America" title="Cuisine of Antebellum America">Antebellum America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_cuisine" title="Aztec cuisine">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cuisine" title="Byzantine cuisine">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_European_cuisine" title="Early modern European cuisine">Early modern European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Argentine_cuisine" title="History of Argentine cuisine">Historical Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_cuisine" title="History of Chinese cuisine">Historical Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_cuisine" title="History of Indian cuisine">Historical Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_cuisine" title="History of Japanese cuisine">Historical Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_North_Indian_and_Pakistani_foods" title="Origins of North Indian and Pakistani foods">Historical North Indian and Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">History of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="History of alcoholic drinks">History of alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bread" title="History of bread">History of bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_seafood" title="History of seafood">History of seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History of vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuisine" title="Hittite cuisine">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_cuisine" title="Inca cuisine">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_cuisine" title="Medieval cuisine">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_foods" title="Peasant foods">Peasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Native cuisine of Hawaii">Pre-contact Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_royal_court_cuisine" title="Korean royal court cuisine">Korean royal court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_the_Scottish_royal_household" title="Food and the Scottish royal household">Scottish royal household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_cuisine" title="Soviet cuisine">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Thirteen_Colonies" title="Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_classique" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine classique">Classique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_cuisine" title="Fusion cuisine">Fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_American_cuisine" title="New American cuisine">New American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_cuisine_of_Singapore_and_Malaysia" title="Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia">Eurasian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">Haute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_gastronomy" title="Molecular gastronomy">Molecular gastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Note_by_Note_cuisine" title="Note by Note cuisine">Note by Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_cuisine" title="Nouvelle cuisine">Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Vegetarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">List of cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">List of historical cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_foods" title="Lists of foods">Lists of foods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_prepared_foods" title="Lists of prepared foods">Prepared</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cookbook" title="Cookbook">Cookbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culinary_arts" title="Culinary arts">Culinary arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_history" title="Food history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_food" title="Sociology of food">sociology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)" title="Diet (nutrition)">Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">Meal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meal_preparation" title="Meal preparation">Meal preparation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cuisine" title="Category:Cuisine">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cuisines" title="Outline of cuisines">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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