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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marine_Weather" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marine_Weather"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Marine Weather</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marine_Weather-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Borders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Borders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Borders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Borders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marine_Mammals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marine_Mammals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Marine Mammals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marine_Mammals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outlets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outlets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Outlets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outlets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Limits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protected_Areas_and_National_Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protected_Areas_and_National_Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Protected Areas and National Parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protected_Areas_and_National_Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Undersea_Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Undersea_Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Undersea Features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Undersea_Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_Also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_Also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See Also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_Also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_Links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_Links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External Links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_Links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gulf of St. Lawrence</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_van_Sint-Laurens" title="Golf van Sint-Laurens – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Golf van Sint-Laurens" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halgan_Laurentes_Byht" title="Halgan Laurentes Byht – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Halgan Laurentes Byht" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3" title="خليج سانت لورنس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خليج سانت لورنس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfu_de_San_Llorienzo" title="Golfu de San Llorienzo – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Golfu de San Llorienzo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCq%C9%99dd%C9%99s_Lavrentiya_k%C3%B6rf%C9%99zi" title="Müqəddəs Lavrentiya körfəzi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Müqəddəs Lavrentiya körfəzi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" title="সেন্ট লরেন্স উপসাগর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেন্ট লরেন্স উপসাগর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_H%C3%A1i-oan" title="Saint Lawrence Hái-oan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Saint Lawrence Hái-oan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D2%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Изге Лаврентий ҡултығы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Изге Лаврентий ҡултығы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%9E_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Заліў Святога Лаўрэнція – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Заліў Святога Лаўрэнція" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2)" title="Сейнт Лорънс (залив) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сейнт Лорънс (залив)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaliv_svetog_Lovre" title="Zaliv svetog Lovre – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zaliv svetog Lovre" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleg-mor_ar_Sant-Laora%C3%B1s" title="Pleg-mor ar Sant-Laorañs – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pleg-mor ar Sant-Laorañs" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_de_Sant_Lloren%C3%A7" title="Golf de Sant Llorenç – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Golf de Sant Llorenç" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfe_du_Saint-Laurent_(luuk_sa_Newfoundland_and_Labrador)" title="Golfe du Saint-Laurent (luuk sa Newfoundland and Labrador) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Golfe du Saint-Laurent (luuk sa Newfoundland and Labrador)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1liv_svat%C3%A9ho_Vav%C5%99ince" title="Záliv svatého Vavřince – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Záliv svatého Vavřince" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwlff_St_Lawrence" title="Gwlff St Lawrence – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwlff St Lawrence" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrence-bugten" title="Saint Lawrence-bugten – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Saint Lawrence-bugten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt-Lorenz-Golf" title="Sankt-Lorenz-Golf – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sankt-Lorenz-Golf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrence%27i_laht" title="Saint Lawrence'i laht – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saint Lawrence'i laht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Κόλπος του Αγίου Λαυρεντίου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόλπος του Αγίου Λαυρεντίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfo_de_San_Lorenzo" title="Golfo de San Lorenzo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Golfo de San Lorenzo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt-La%C5%ADrenca_Golfo" title="Sankt-Laŭrenca Golfo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sankt-Laŭrenca Golfo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Laurendi_golkoa" title="San Laurendi golkoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="San Laurendi golkoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3" title="خلیج سنت لورنس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خلیج سنت لورنس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lawrence_ke_khaarri" title="St. Lawrence ke khaarri – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="St. Lawrence ke khaarri" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfe_du_Saint-Laurent" title="Golfe du Saint-Laurent – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Golfe du Saint-Laurent" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrencebaai" title="Saint Lawrencebaai – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Saint Lawrencebaai" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfo_de_San_Lourenzo" title="Golfo de San Lourenzo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Golfo de San Lourenzo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B8%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EB%A0%8C%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%8C" title="세인트로렌스만 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세인트로렌스만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A2_%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%BD_%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Սուրբ Լավրենտիոս ծոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուրբ Լավրենտիոս ծոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="सेंट लॉरेंस की खाड़ी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सेंट लॉरेंस की खाड़ी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaljev_sv._Lovrijenca" title="Zaljev sv. Lovrijenca – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zaljev sv. Lovrijenca" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpo_ti_San_Lorenzo" title="Golpo ti San Lorenzo – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Golpo ti San Lorenzo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teluk_Santo_Laurensius" title="Teluk Santo Laurensius – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teluk Santo Laurensius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence-fl%C3%B3i" title="Lawrence-flói – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lawrence-flói" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfo_di_San_Lorenzo" title="Golfo di San Lorenzo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Golfo di San Lorenzo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="מפרץ סנט לורנס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפרץ סנט לורנס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A7%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94" title="წმინდა ლავრენტის ყურე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წმინდა ლავრენტის ყურე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghuba_ya_Saint_Lawrence" title="Ghuba ya Saint Lawrence – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ghuba ya Saint Lawrence" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendava_Saint_Lawrencey%C3%AA" title="Kendava Saint Lawrenceyê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kendava Saint Lawrenceyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D2%A3%D1%83" title="Ыйык Лаврентий булуңу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ыйык Лаврентий булуңу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinus_Sancti_Laurentii" title="Sinus Sancti Laurentii – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sinus Sancti Laurentii" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentlorensa_l%C4%ABcis" title="Sentlorensa līcis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sentlorensa līcis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0v._Lauryno_%C4%AFlanka" title="Šv. Lauryno įlanka – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šv. Lauryno įlanka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szent_L%C5%91rinc-%C3%B6b%C3%B6l" title="Szent Lőrinc-öböl – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szent Lőrinc-öböl" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2)" title="Свети Лаврентиј (залив) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Свети Лаврентиј (залив)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%89%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD" title="സെന്റ് ലോറൻസ് ഉൾക്കടൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെന്റ് ലോറൻസ് ഉൾക്കടൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%B8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98)" title="ჯეგე ლავრენტი (ჸუჯი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯეგე ლავრენტი (ჸუჯი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="سنت لورن دریامونا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سنت لورن دریامونا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrencebaai" title="Saint Lawrencebaai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Saint Lawrencebaai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E6%B9%BE" title="セントローレンス湾 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セントローレンス湾" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Сийлахь Лаврентин айма – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сийлахь Лаврентин айма" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lawrence-bukta" title="St. Lawrence-bukta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="St. Lawrence-bukta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lawrence-bukta" title="St. Lawrence-bukta – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="St. Lawrence-bukta" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_del_Sant_Lauren%C3%A7" title="Golf del Sant Laurenç – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Golf del Sant Laurenç" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/San-lavrentiy_qo%CA%BBltig%CA%BBi" title="San-lavrentiy qoʻltigʻi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="San-lavrentiy qoʻltigʻi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80" title="ਸੇਂਟ ਲਾਰੰਸ ਦੀ ਖਾੜੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੇਂਟ ਲਾਰੰਸ ਦੀ ਖਾੜੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%DA%91%DB%8C" title="سینٹ لارنس دی کھاڑی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سینٹ لارنس دی کھاڑی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCnt-Lorenz-Gulf" title="Sünt-Lorenz-Gulf – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sünt-Lorenz-Gulf" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zatoka_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tego_Wawrzy%C5%84ca" title="Zatoka Świętego Wawrzyńca – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zatoka Świętego Wawrzyńca" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfo_de_S%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o" title="Golfo de São Lourenço – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Golfo de São Lourenço" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golful_Sf%C3%A2ntul_Lauren%C8%9Biu" title="Golful Sfântul Laurențiu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Golful Sfântul Laurențiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Залив Святого Лаврентия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Залив Святого Лаврентия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Saint_Lawrence" title="Gulf of Saint Lawrence – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gulf of Saint Lawrence" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1liv_sv%C3%A4t%C3%A9ho_Vavrinca" title="Záliv svätého Vavrinca – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Záliv svätého Vavrinca" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2)" title="Сен Лорен (залив) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сен Лорен (залив)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_(zaljev)" title="Saint Lawrence (zaljev) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Saint Lawrence (zaljev)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrencen_lahti" title="Saint Lawrencen lahti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saint Lawrencen lahti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrenceviken" title="Saint Lawrenceviken – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saint Lawrenceviken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE" title="புனித லாரன்சு வளைகுடா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புனித லாரன்சு வளைகுடா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Изге Лаврентий култыгы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Изге Лаврентий култыгы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="อ่าวเซนต์ลอว์เรนซ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อ่าวเซนต์ลอว์เรนซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_K%C3%B6rfezi" title="Saint Lawrence Körfezi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Saint Lawrence Körfezi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Затока Святого Лаврентія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Затока Святого Лаврентія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%8Bnh_Saint_Lawrence" title="Vịnh Saint Lawrence – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vịnh Saint Lawrence" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&params=48_36_N_61_24_W_scale:5000000_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°36′N</span> <span class="longitude">61°24′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.600°N 61.400°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.600; -61.400</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Outlet of the North American Great Lakes via the St. Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Gulf of St. Lawrence</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname" style="font-size:100%; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Golfe du Saint-Laurent</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baie_Trinite_023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Baie_Trinite_023.jpg/264px-Baie_Trinite_023.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Baie_Trinite_023.jpg/396px-Baie_Trinite_023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Baie_Trinite_023.jpg/528px-Baie_Trinite_023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Shield" title="Canadian Shield">Canadian Shield</a> bedrock, <a href="/wiki/Baie-Trinit%C3%A9,_Quebec#Pointe-des-Monts_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Baie-Trinité, Quebec">on the site of Pointe-des-Monts hamlet Lighthouse<sup id="cite_ref-Pointe-des-Monts_Lighthouse_1-0" class="reference"></sup></a><a href="#cite_note-Pointe-des-Monts_Lighthouse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golfe_Saint-Laurent_Depths_fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bathymetry of the Gulf of St. Lawrence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Golfe_Saint-Laurent_Depths_fr.svg/256px-Golfe_Saint-Laurent_Depths_fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Golfe_Saint-Laurent_Depths_fr.svg/384px-Golfe_Saint-Laurent_Depths_fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Golfe_Saint-Laurent_Depths_fr.svg/512px-Golfe_Saint-Laurent_Depths_fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1655" data-file-height="1582" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Bathymetry of the Gulf of St. Lawrence</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&params=48_36_N_61_24_W_scale:5000000_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°36′N</span> <span class="longitude">61°24′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.600°N 61.400°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.600; -61.400</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Body_of_water#Waterbody_types" title="Body of water">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Gulf" title="Gulf">Gulf</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a> (<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">226,000 km<sup>2</sup> (87,000 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-ARGC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARGC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Average depth</th><td class="infobox-data">152 m (499 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-ARGC_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARGC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. depth</th><td class="infobox-data">530 m (1,740 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-ARGC_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARGC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Water volume</th><td class="infobox-data">34,500 km<sup>3</sup> (8,300 cu mi)<sup id="cite_ref-ARGC_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARGC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Gulf of St. Lawrence</b> fringes the shores of the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, plus the islands <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint-Pierre and Miquelon</a>, possessions of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Environmental_Atlas_of_the_St._Lawrence_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Environmental_Atlas_of_the_St._Lawrence-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Estuary_and_Gulf_of_St._Lawrence_-_Fisheries_and_Oceans_Canada_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Estuary_and_Gulf_of_St._Lawrence_-_Fisheries_and_Oceans_Canada-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gulf of St. Lawrence connects the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> via the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischeries_and_Oceans_Canada_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischeries_and_Oceans_Canada-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Great_Lakes_Commission_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Great_Lakes_Commission-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-St_Lawrence_River_Canadian_Encyclopedia_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St_Lawrence_River_Canadian_Encyclopedia-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marine_Weather">Marine Weather</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Marine Weather"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The secrets of the Saint-Laurent</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-The_secrets_of_the_Saint-Laurent,_marine_weather_guide_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_secrets_of_the_Saint-Laurent,_marine_weather_guide-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> marine weather guide 2013, of 100 pages, provides information on a multitude of facets of the great river in all seasons. In winter, the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a> is an immense ice factory. The machine starts up in December with the formation of ice cubes between <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>. The prevailing winds and currents push this ice towards the estuary,<sup id="cite_ref-Estuary_and_Gulf_of_St._Lawrence_-_Fisheries_and_Oceans_Canada_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Estuary_and_Gulf_of_St._Lawrence_-_Fisheries_and_Oceans_Canada-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it reaches the east of <a href="/wiki/Les_M%C3%A9chins" title="Les Méchins">Les Méchins</a> at the end of December. Ice covers the entire gulf in January and February. </p><p>Ice helps navigation because it prevents the formation of waves and therefore spray, ice has the advantage of preventing the icing process of ships.<sup id="cite_ref-The_secrets_of_the_Saint-Laurent,_marine_weather_guide_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_secrets_of_the_Saint-Laurent,_marine_weather_guide-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Borders">Borders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Borders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At Baie-Trinité, the <a href="/wiki/Baie-Trinit%C3%A9,_Quebec#Pointe-des-Monts_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Baie-Trinité, Quebec">Pointe-des-Monts Lighthouse</a>, a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National historic site of Canada</a>, was built in 1829-1830 on a point that ancient geographers, since <a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a> (1567-1655) himself, classified as the demarcation point between the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a> and the Gulf of St. Lawrence.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Pointe-des-Monts_Lighthouse_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Pointe-des-Monts_Lighthouse-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Canadian_Lighthouse_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Canadian_Lighthouse-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gulf of St. Lawrence is bounded on the north by the <a href="/wiki/Labrador_Peninsula" title="Labrador Peninsula">Labrador Peninsula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, to the east by <a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre,_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint-Pierre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="Island of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a>, to the south by the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_peninsula" title="Nova Scotia peninsula">Nova Scotia peninsula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a>, and to the west by the <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9_Peninsula" title="Gaspé Peninsula">Gaspé Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, and Quebec. As for significant islands the Gulf of St. Lawrence contains <a href="/wiki/Anticosti_Island" title="Anticosti Island">Anticosti Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_Islands" title="Magdalen Islands">Îles-de-la-Madeleine archipelago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_Island" title="Saint Pierre Island">Saint Pierre Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Miquelon-Langlade" title="Miquelon-Langlade">Miquelon-Langlade</a>. </p><p>Half of the ten provinces of Canada adjoin the Gulf: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>, and Quebec. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Gulf of St. Lawrence Overview</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 81.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 79.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:960616_16_Cap_Meules.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Magdalen Islands, Cap-aux-Meules, Chemin du Phare, tail of storms, winds and rough seas"><img alt="Magdalen Islands, Cap-aux-Meules, Chemin du Phare, tail of storms, winds and rough seas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/960616_16_Cap_Meules.jpg/119px-960616_16_Cap_Meules.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/960616_16_Cap_Meules.jpg/179px-960616_16_Cap_Meules.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/960616_16_Cap_Meules.jpg/238px-960616_16_Cap_Meules.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2351" data-file-height="3547" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_Islands" title="Magdalen Islands">Magdalen Islands</a>, Cap-aux-Meules, Chemin du Phare, tail of storms, winds and rough seas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sept_Iles_055.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aerial view, bay of Sept Îles, port[11] and city of Sept-Îles"><img alt="Aerial view, bay of Sept Îles, port[11] and city of Sept-Îles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sept_Iles_055.jpg/270px-Sept_Iles_055.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sept_Iles_055.jpg/405px-Sept_Iles_055.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sept_Iles_055.jpg/540px-Sept_Iles_055.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aerial view, bay of Sept Îles, port<sup id="cite_ref-Observatoire_de_la_baie_de_Sept-Îles,_phase_1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Observatoire_de_la_baie_de_Sept-Îles,_phase_1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and city of <a href="/wiki/Sept-%C3%8Eles,_Quebec" title="Sept-Îles, Quebec">Sept-Îles</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:950703_24a_Baie_au_Caplan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baie au Caplan, river flat, Anticosti Island[12]"><img alt="Baie au Caplan, river flat, Anticosti Island[12]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/950703_24a_Baie_au_Caplan.jpg/272px-950703_24a_Baie_au_Caplan.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/950703_24a_Baie_au_Caplan.jpg/408px-950703_24a_Baie_au_Caplan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/950703_24a_Baie_au_Caplan.jpg/544px-950703_24a_Baie_au_Caplan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3567" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Baie au Caplan, river flat, <a href="/wiki/Anticosti_Island" title="Anticosti Island">Anticosti Island</a><sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_World_Heritage_Convention_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_World_Heritage_Convention-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ste_Anne_des_Mont_20020916_23a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crevettier Manic V, 11853, at the wharf, La Haute-Gaspésie, Sainte-Anne-des-Monts"><img alt="Crevettier Manic V, 11853, at the wharf, La Haute-Gaspésie, Sainte-Anne-des-Monts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ste_Anne_des_Mont_20020916_23a.jpg/272px-Ste_Anne_des_Mont_20020916_23a.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ste_Anne_des_Mont_20020916_23a.jpg/408px-Ste_Anne_des_Mont_20020916_23a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ste_Anne_des_Mont_20020916_23a.jpg/545px-Ste_Anne_des_Mont_20020916_23a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3559" data-file-height="2354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel" title="Fishing vessel">Crevettier</a> Manic V, 11853, at the wharf, <a href="/wiki/La_Haute-Gasp%C3%A9sie_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Haute-Gaspésie Regional County Municipality">La Haute-Gaspésie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne-des-Monts" title="Sainte-Anne-des-Monts">Sainte-Anne-des-Monts</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perce_20020916_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Percé Bay, Percé (City), Percé rock and its obelisk, Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine"><img alt="Percé Bay, Percé (City), Percé rock and its obelisk, Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Perce_20020916_11.jpg/269px-Perce_20020916_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Perce_20020916_11.jpg/403px-Perce_20020916_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Perce_20020916_11.jpg/537px-Perce_20020916_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3570" data-file-height="2394" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Percé Bay, <a href="/wiki/Perc%C3%A9,_Quebec" title="Percé, Quebec">Percé</a> (City), <a href="/wiki/Perc%C3%A9_Rock" title="Percé Rock">Percé rock</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Obelisk" title="Obelisk">obelisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9sie%E2%80%93%C3%8Eles-de-la-Madeleine" title="Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine">Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyline_trail,_Cape_Breton_(7618649226).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cape Breton Highlands National Park, Nova Scotia"><img alt="Cape Breton Highlands National Park, Nova Scotia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Skyline_trail%2C_Cape_Breton_%287618649226%29.jpg/270px-Skyline_trail%2C_Cape_Breton_%287618649226%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Skyline_trail%2C_Cape_Breton_%287618649226%29.jpg/405px-Skyline_trail%2C_Cape_Breton_%287618649226%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Skyline_trail%2C_Cape_Breton_%287618649226%29.jpg/540px-Skyline_trail%2C_Cape_Breton_%287618649226%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3853" data-file-height="2569" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Highlands_National_Park" title="Cape Breton Highlands National Park">Cape Breton Highlands National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_Blanche-Harbor_Le_Cou_960701_03_3558_235.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rose Blanche-Harbour le Cou,[13][14] Rose Blanche Bay, Newfoundland & Labrador"><img alt="Rose Blanche-Harbour le Cou,[13][14] Rose Blanche Bay, Newfoundland & Labrador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rose_Blanche-Harbor_Le_Cou_960701_03_3558_235.jpg/273px-Rose_Blanche-Harbor_Le_Cou_960701_03_3558_235.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rose_Blanche-Harbor_Le_Cou_960701_03_3558_235.jpg/409px-Rose_Blanche-Harbor_Le_Cou_960701_03_3558_235.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rose_Blanche-Harbor_Le_Cou_960701_03_3558_235.jpg/545px-Rose_Blanche-Harbor_Le_Cou_960701_03_3558_235.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3558" data-file-height="2351" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rose_Blanche-Harbour_le_Cou" title="Rose Blanche-Harbour le Cou">Rose Blanche-Harbour le Cou</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Rose_Blanche-Harbor_le_Cou_(Town)_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rose_Blanche-Harbor_le_Cou_(Town)-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rose_Blanche-Harbor_le_Cou_(Map)_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rose_Blanche-Harbor_le_Cou_(Map)-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rose Blanche Bay, <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland & Labrador</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>Besides the St. Lawrence River itself, significant streams emptying into the Gulf of St. Lawrence include the <a href="/wiki/Miramichi_River" title="Miramichi River">Miramichi River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natashquan_River" title="Natashquan River">Natashquan River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romaine_River" title="Romaine River">Romaine River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Restigouche_River" title="Restigouche River">Restigouche River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaree_River" title="Margaree River">Margaree River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humber_River_(Newfoundland_and_Labrador)" title="Humber River (Newfoundland and Labrador)">Humber River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mingan_River" title="Mingan River">Mingan River</a> and others. </p><p>Branches of the Gulf include the <a href="/wiki/Chaleur_Bay" title="Chaleur Bay">Chaleur Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Bay" title="Fortune Bay">Fortune Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miramichi_Bay" title="Miramichi Bay">Miramichi Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Bay_(Nova_Scotia)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Bay (Nova Scotia)">St. George's Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Bay_(Newfoundland_and_Labrador)" title="St. George's Bay (Newfoundland and Labrador)">Bay St. George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Islands,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Bay of Islands, Newfoundland and Labrador">Bay of Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northumberland_Strait" title="Northumberland Strait">Northumberland Strait</a>. </p><p>According to Commission of Toponymy Quebec, the St. Lawrence River becomes the gulf at Pointe des Monts on the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Nord" title="Côte-Nord">Côte-Nord</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matane" title="Matane">Matane</a> <a href="/wiki/Bas-Saint-Laurent" title="Bas-Saint-Laurent">Bas-Saint-Laurent</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne-des-Monts" title="Sainte-Anne-des-Monts">Sainte-Anne-des-Monts</a> <a href="/wiki/La_Haute-Gasp%C3%A9sie_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Haute-Gaspésie Regional County Municipality">La Haute-Gaspésie</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Estuary_of_St._Lawrence" title="Estuary of St. Lawrence">Estuary</a> is upstream, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, much wider, downstream.<sup id="cite_ref-Toponymie_Quebec_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toponymie_Quebec-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pointe_des_Monts_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pointe_des_Monts-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Lighthouses Overview</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 300px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 298px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:960616_24_Rochers_aux_Oiseauxaa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bird Rocks,[17][18] keepers'house and outbuildings, Magdalen Islands"><img alt="Bird Rocks,[17][18] keepers'house and outbuildings, Magdalen Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/960616_24_Rochers_aux_Oiseauxaa.jpg/447px-960616_24_Rochers_aux_Oiseauxaa.jpg" decoding="async" width="298" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/960616_24_Rochers_aux_Oiseauxaa.jpg/670px-960616_24_Rochers_aux_Oiseauxaa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/960616_24_Rochers_aux_Oiseauxaa.jpg/893px-960616_24_Rochers_aux_Oiseauxaa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3561" data-file-height="2393" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bird Rocks,<sup id="cite_ref-Rochers_aux_Oiseaux_toponymy_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rochers_aux_Oiseaux_toponymy-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Les_rochers_aux_Oiseaux_Birds_Canada_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Les_rochers_aux_Oiseaux_Birds_Canada-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> keepers'house and outbuildings, <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_Islands#Bird_Rock" title="Magdalen Islands">Magdalen Islands</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 304px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 302px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:960618_16a_Anse_Cabane.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="L'Anse-à-la-Cabane[19] (Hamlet), Magdalen Islands"><img alt="L'Anse-à-la-Cabane[19] (Hamlet), Magdalen Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/960618_16a_Anse_Cabane.jpg/453px-960618_16a_Anse_Cabane.jpg" decoding="async" width="302" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/960618_16a_Anse_Cabane.jpg/679px-960618_16a_Anse_Cabane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/960618_16a_Anse_Cabane.jpg/905px-960618_16a_Anse_Cabane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3565" data-file-height="2364" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">L'Anse-à-la-Cabane<sup id="cite_ref-Anse-à-la-Cabane_lighthouse_Toponymy_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anse-à-la-Cabane_lighthouse_Toponymy-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Hamlet), <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_Islands" title="Magdalen Islands">Magdalen Islands</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 308.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:011_015_Pointe_des_Monts.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pointe-des-Monts,[9] keeper's house and outbuildings"><img alt="Pointe-des-Monts,[9] keeper's house and outbuildings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/011_015_Pointe_des_Monts.jpg/463px-011_015_Pointe_des_Monts.jpg" decoding="async" width="309" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/011_015_Pointe_des_Monts.jpg/695px-011_015_Pointe_des_Monts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/011_015_Pointe_des_Monts.jpg/926px-011_015_Pointe_des_Monts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4181" data-file-height="2709" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Baie-Trinit%C3%A9,_Quebec#Pointe-des-Monts_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Baie-Trinité, Quebec">Pointe-des-Monts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Pointe-des-Monts_Lighthouse_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Pointe-des-Monts_Lighthouse-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> keeper's house and <a href="/wiki/Outbuilding" title="Outbuilding">outbuildings</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Daniel_Gascons_200200915_08a_4631_7231.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Port-Daniel-Gascons, Chaleurs Bay, Gaspésie-Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine[20]"><img alt="Port-Daniel-Gascons, Chaleurs Bay, Gaspésie-Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine[20]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Port_Daniel_Gascons_200200915_08a_4631_7231.jpg/192px-Port_Daniel_Gascons_200200915_08a_4631_7231.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Port_Daniel_Gascons_200200915_08a_4631_7231.jpg/288px-Port_Daniel_Gascons_200200915_08a_4631_7231.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Port_Daniel_Gascons_200200915_08a_4631_7231.jpg/384px-Port_Daniel_Gascons_200200915_08a_4631_7231.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4632" data-file-height="7233" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Port-Daniel-Gascons" class="mw-redirect" title="Port-Daniel-Gascons">Port-Daniel-Gascons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaleur_Bay" title="Chaleur Bay">Chaleurs Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9sie%E2%80%94Les_%C3%8Eles-de-la-Madeleine" title="Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine">Gaspésie-Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine</a><sup id="cite_ref-Port-Daniel_lighthouse_sector_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Port-Daniel_lighthouse_sector-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marine_Mammals">Marine Mammals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Marine Mammals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Large <a href="/wiki/Marine_mammal" title="Marine mammal">marine mammals</a> travel in all the seas of the earth, the research and observations of these giants concern <a href="/wiki/Fisherman" title="Fisherman">fishermen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">shipping industry</a>, exercise a fascination and a keen interest for laymen and, subjects of endless studies for scientists from Quebec, Canada and around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Saguenay–St._Lawrence_Marine_Park_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saguenay–St._Lawrence_Marine_Park-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cetaceans_of_the_World_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cetaceans_of_the_World-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Right_Whales:_A_Look_Back_on_the_Summer_of_2017_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Right_Whales:_A_Look_Back_on_the_Summer_of_2017-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thirteen species of cetaceans frequent the waters of the <a href="/wiki/Estuary_of_St._Lawrence" title="Estuary of St. Lawrence">estuary</a> and the gulf of the St. Lawrence River.<sup id="cite_ref-Whales_Online,_magazine_and_encyclopedia_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whales_Online,_magazine_and_encyclopedia-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1. <a href="/wiki/Northern_bottlenose_whale" title="Northern bottlenose whale">Hyperoodon ampullatus</a>. — Hypéroodon boreal, Hypéroodon arctique. — (Northern Bottlenose Whale).<br /> 2. <a href="/wiki/Delphinapterus_leucas" class="mw-redirect" title="Delphinapterus leucas">Delphinapterus leucas</a>. — Béluga, Bélouga, Baleine blanche, Dauphin blanc, Marsouin blanc. — (Beluga Whale).<br /> 3. <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">Physeter macrocephalus</a>. — Grand cachalot, Cachalot, Cachalot macrocéphale. — (Sperm whale).<br /> 4. <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_white-sided_dolphin" title="Atlantic white-sided dolphin">Lagenorhynchus acutus</a>. — Lagénorhynque à flancs blancs, Dauphin à flancs blancs. — (Atlantic white-sided dolphin).<br /> 5. <a href="/wiki/White-beaked_dolphin" title="White-beaked dolphin">Lagenorhynchus albirostris</a>. — Dauphin à nez blanc, Dauphin à bec blanc, Lagénorhynque à bec blanc. — (White-beaked dolphin).<br /> 6. <a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">Orcinus orca</a>. — Orque, Épaulard. — (Killer Whale).<br /> 7. <a href="/wiki/Long-finned_pilot_whale" title="Long-finned pilot whale">Globicephala melas</a>. — Globicéphale commun, Globicéphale noir, Dauphin pilote. — (Long-Finned Pilot Whale).<br /> 8. <a href="/wiki/Phocoena_phocoena" class="mw-redirect" title="Phocoena phocoena">Phocoena Phocoena</a>. — Marsouin commun, Cochon de mer, Dieu des mers. — (Harbour Porpoise).<br /> 9. <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_right_whale" title="North Atlantic right whale">Eubalaena glacialis</a>. — Baleine franche de l'Atlantique nord, Baleine noire de l'Atlantique nord, Baleine de Biscaye. — (North Atlantic Right Whale).<br /> 10. <a href="/wiki/Common_minke_whale" title="Common minke whale">Balaenoptera acutorostrata</a>. — Petit rorqual. — (Minke whale).<br /> 11. <a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">Balaenoptera musculus</a>. — Baleine bleue, Rorqual bleu. — (Blue whale).<br /> 12. <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">Megaptera novaeangliae</a>. — Rorqual à bosse, Baleine à bosse. — (Humpback whale).<br /> 13. <a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">Balaenoptera physalus</a>. — Rorqual commun. — (Fin whale). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Sea Trip to Observe Marine Fauna</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rorqual_126.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Humpback whales, dorsals, pectoral fins, Jacques Cartier Strait,[25] North of Anticosti Island"><img alt="Humpback whales, dorsals, pectoral fins, Jacques Cartier Strait,[25] North of Anticosti Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rorqual_126.jpg/240px-Rorqual_126.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rorqual_126.jpg/360px-Rorqual_126.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rorqual_126.jpg/480px-Rorqual_126.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">Humpback whales</a>, dorsals, pectoral fins, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_Strait" title="Jacques Cartier Strait">Jacques Cartier Strait</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Jacques_Cartier_Strait,_toponymy_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacques_Cartier_Strait,_toponymy-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North of <a href="/wiki/Anticosti_Island" title="Anticosti Island">Anticosti Island</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baie_de_Gaspe_950626_006a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Whale, expedition organized by Observation littoral Percé (1995), Gaspé Bay"><img alt="Whale, expedition organized by Observation littoral Percé (1995), Gaspé Bay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Baie_de_Gaspe_950626_006a.jpg/273px-Baie_de_Gaspe_950626_006a.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Baie_de_Gaspe_950626_006a.jpg/409px-Baie_de_Gaspe_950626_006a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Baie_de_Gaspe_950626_006a.jpg/545px-Baie_de_Gaspe_950626_006a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3534" data-file-height="2335" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Whale, expedition organized by Observation littoral Percé (1995), <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9_Bay" title="Gaspé Bay">Gaspé Bay</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outlets">Outlets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Outlets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around Anticosti Island and to flow into the Atlantic Ocean, the waters of the Gulf take the following <a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">straits</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_Strait" title="Jacques Cartier Strait">Jacques Cartier Strait</a>, between the shore of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Nord" title="Côte-Nord">Côte-Nord</a> region and the North of <a href="/wiki/Anticosti_Island" title="Anticosti Island">Anticosti Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Canadian_sailing_directions._ATL_110,_St._Lawrence_River,_Cap_Whittle/Cap_Gaspé_to_Les_Escoumins_and_Anticosti_Island._26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canadian_sailing_directions._ATL_110,_St._Lawrence_River,_Cap_Whittle/Cap_Gaspé_to_Les_Escoumins_and_Anticosti_Island.-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honguedo_Strait" title="Honguedo Strait">Honguedo Strait</a>, a wide passage between the <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9_Peninsula" title="Gaspé Peninsula">Gaspésie peninsula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anticosti_Island" title="Anticosti Island">Anticosti Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Honguedo_Strait,_toponymy_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Honguedo_Strait,_toponymy-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Belle_Isle" title="Strait of Belle Isle">Strait of Belle Isle</a><sup id="cite_ref-Strait_of_Belle_Isle,_toponymy_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strait_of_Belle_Isle,_toponymy-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a>: between 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) and 60 kilometres (37 miles) wide and 60 metres (200 feet) deep at its deepest.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabot_Strait" title="Cabot Strait">Cabot Strait</a>, about 56 miles wide, is the entrance to the Gulf of St. Lawrence between <a href="/wiki/Cape_Ray" title="Cape Ray">Cape Ray</a>, Newfoundland, and <a href="/wiki/Cape_North_Lighthouse" title="Cape North Lighthouse">Cape North</a>, the NE point of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ATL_104:_Cape_North_to_Cape_Canso_(including_Bras_d’Or_Lake)_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATL_104:_Cape_North_to_Cape_Canso_(including_Bras_d’Or_Lake)-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Canso" title="Strait of Canso">Strait of Canso</a><sup id="cite_ref-Strait_of_Canso_-_Water_Resources_-_Map_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strait_of_Canso_-_Water_Resources_-_Map-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is located between <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a> and mainland <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, it originally served as an outlet 1.0 km (0.6 mi) wide and 60 m (200 ft) deep at its deepest.<sup id="cite_ref-Strait_of_Canso_Environment_Committee_-_Water_resources_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strait_of_Canso_Environment_Committee_-_Water_resources-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Flow_through_the_Canso_Causeway_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flow_through_the_Canso_Causeway-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Canso_Causeway" title="Canso Causeway">Canso Causeway</a> across the strait in 1955, the roadway no longer allows exchange of water between the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Canso_Causeway_-_Road_to_the_Isles_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canso_Causeway_-_Road_to_the_Isles-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Around Anticosti Island & Atlantic Ocean Outlets</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rorqual_070.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jacques-Cartier Strait, North of Anticosti Island, observation of marine mammals[34]"><img alt="Jacques-Cartier Strait, North of Anticosti Island, observation of marine mammals[34]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Rorqual_070.jpg/240px-Rorqual_070.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Rorqual_070.jpg/360px-Rorqual_070.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Rorqual_070.jpg/480px-Rorqual_070.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_Strait" title="Jacques Cartier Strait">Jacques-Cartier Strait</a>, North of <a href="/wiki/Anticosti_Island" title="Anticosti Island">Anticosti Island</a>, observation of <a href="/wiki/Marine_mammal" title="Marine mammal">marine mammals</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mingan_Island_Cetacean_Study_(MICS)_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mingan_Island_Cetacean_Study_(MICS)-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 187.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaspe_20020916_18_3499_2270.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Honguedo Strait, Gaspé, Saint-Maurice-de-l'Échouerie village,[35] municipal stop of the Old Factory"><img alt="Honguedo Strait, Gaspé, Saint-Maurice-de-l'Échouerie village,[35] municipal stop of the Old Factory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gaspe_20020916_18_3499_2270.jpg/278px-Gaspe_20020916_18_3499_2270.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gaspe_20020916_18_3499_2270.jpg/416px-Gaspe_20020916_18_3499_2270.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gaspe_20020916_18_3499_2270.jpg/555px-Gaspe_20020916_18_3499_2270.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3499" data-file-height="2270" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Honguedo_Strait" title="Honguedo Strait">Honguedo Strait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9,_Quebec" title="Gaspé, Quebec">Gaspé</a>, Saint-Maurice-de-l'Échouerie village,<sup id="cite_ref-Saint-Maurice-de-l'Échouerie_(Gaspé)_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saint-Maurice-de-l'Échouerie_(Gaspé)-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> municipal stop of the Old Factory</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_Belle_Isle_960718_11_3557_2360.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Strait of Belle Isle,[28] Bvrd. Docteur-Camille-Marcoux, (Route nº 138), Blanc Sablon, Quebec"><img alt="Strait of Belle Isle,[28] Bvrd. Docteur-Camille-Marcoux, (Route nº 138), Blanc Sablon, Quebec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Detroit_Belle_Isle_960718_11_3557_2360.jpg/272px-Detroit_Belle_Isle_960718_11_3557_2360.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Detroit_Belle_Isle_960718_11_3557_2360.jpg/407px-Detroit_Belle_Isle_960718_11_3557_2360.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Detroit_Belle_Isle_960718_11_3557_2360.jpg/543px-Detroit_Belle_Isle_960718_11_3557_2360.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3557" data-file-height="2360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Belle_Isle" title="Strait of Belle Isle">Strait of Belle Isle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Strait_of_Belle_Isle,_toponymy_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strait_of_Belle_Isle,_toponymy-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bvrd. Docteur-Camille-Marcoux, (<a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_138" title="Quebec Route 138">Route nº 138</a>), <a href="/wiki/Blanc-Sablon" title="Blanc-Sablon">Blanc Sablon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 254px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 252px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20140831_Cabot_Strait,_St_Paul_Island_in_the_distance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cabot Strait,[31] from White Point, Cape Breton Island St. Paul Island[29] in the distance, Nova Scotia."><img alt="Cabot Strait,[31] from White Point, Cape Breton Island St. Paul Island[29] in the distance, Nova Scotia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/20140831_Cabot_Strait%2C_St_Paul_Island_in_the_distance.jpg/378px-20140831_Cabot_Strait%2C_St_Paul_Island_in_the_distance.jpg" decoding="async" width="252" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/20140831_Cabot_Strait%2C_St_Paul_Island_in_the_distance.jpg/566px-20140831_Cabot_Strait%2C_St_Paul_Island_in_the_distance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/20140831_Cabot_Strait%2C_St_Paul_Island_in_the_distance.jpg/755px-20140831_Cabot_Strait%2C_St_Paul_Island_in_the_distance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="1856" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cabot_Strait" title="Cabot Strait">Cabot Strait</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Strait_of_Canso_Environment_Committee_-_Water_resources_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strait_of_Canso_Environment_Committee_-_Water_resources-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from White Point, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a> St. Paul Island<sup id="cite_ref-ATL_104:_Cape_North_to_Cape_Canso_(including_Bras_d’Or_Lake)_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATL_104:_Cape_North_to_Cape_Canso_(including_Bras_d’Or_Lake)-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the distance, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canso_Causeway,_Cape_Breton,_N.S._(3749448320).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Strait of Canso,[31] Canso Causeway,[33] Nova-Scotia"><img alt="Strait of Canso,[31] Canso Causeway,[33] Nova-Scotia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Canso_Causeway%2C_Cape_Breton%2C_N.S._%283749448320%29.jpg/240px-Canso_Causeway%2C_Cape_Breton%2C_N.S._%283749448320%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Canso_Causeway%2C_Cape_Breton%2C_N.S._%283749448320%29.jpg/360px-Canso_Causeway%2C_Cape_Breton%2C_N.S._%283749448320%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Canso_Causeway%2C_Cape_Breton%2C_N.S._%283749448320%29.jpg/480px-Canso_Causeway%2C_Cape_Breton%2C_N.S._%283749448320%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Canso" title="Strait of Canso">Strait of Canso</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Strait_of_Canso_Environment_Committee_-_Water_resources_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strait_of_Canso_Environment_Committee_-_Water_resources-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Canso_Causeway" title="Canso Causeway">Canso Causeway</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Canso_Causeway_-_Road_to_the_Isles_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canso_Causeway_-_Road_to_the_Isles-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nova-Scotia</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limits">Limits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Limits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since its appearance on maps, there has been no consensus on the demarcation of the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St Lawrence River</a> from the Gulf, nor whether it is hydrographically a <a href="/wiki/Gulf" title="Gulf">gulf</a> or an <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Histoire_du_Canada_Français_depuis_la_découverte_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Histoire_du_Canada_Français_depuis_la_découverte-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Small_Ocean_or_Big_Estuary_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Small_Ocean_or_Big_Estuary-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Fisheries_and_Oceans_Canada" title="Fisheries and Oceans Canada">Fisheries and Oceans Canada</a> 2023, the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence planning area covers most of the <a href="/wiki/Estuary_of_St._Lawrence" title="Estuary of St. Lawrence">Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence</a> bioregion, an area with some of the warmest surface waters in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> Canada during summer and the largest amount of sea ice during winter. The planning area is approximately 240,000 km².<sup id="cite_ref-Estuary_and_Gulf_of_St._Lawrence_-_Fisheries_and_Oceans_Canada_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Estuary_and_Gulf_of_St._Lawrence_-_Fisheries_and_Oceans_Canada-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a>, the name of Gulf St. Lawrence in a hydrologic context is not accurate, a <a href="/wiki/Gulf" title="Gulf">gulf</a> has to be considered more as a sea bordering the North American continent than as simply a <a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">river mouth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Britannica_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_Britannica-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Hydrographic_Organization" title="International Hydrographic Organization">International Hydrographic Organization</a> 1953 defines it as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-Gulf_of_St._Lawrence_1953_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gulf_of_St._Lawrence_1953-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>On the Northeast:</i> A line running from <a href="/wiki/Cape_Bauld" title="Cape Bauld">Cape Bauld</a> (North point of <a href="/wiki/Quirpon_Island" title="Quirpon Island">Kirpon Island</a>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&params=51_40_N_55_25_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°40′N</span> <span class="longitude">55°25′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.667°N 55.417°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.667; -55.417</span></span></span></a></span></span>) to the East extreme of <a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle_(Newfoundland_and_Labrador)" title="Belle Isle (Newfoundland and Labrador)">Belle Isle</a><sup id="cite_ref-Strait_of_Belle_Isle,_toponymy_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strait_of_Belle_Isle,_toponymy-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on to the Northeast Ledge (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&params=52_02_N_55_15_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°02′N</span> <span class="longitude">55°15′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.033°N 55.250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.033; -55.250</span></span></span></a></span></span>). Thence a line joining this ledge with the East extreme of <a href="/wiki/Cape_St._Charles" title="Cape St. Charles">Cape St. Charles</a> (52°13'N) in <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a>.</dd></dl> <dl><dd><i>On the Southeast:</i> A line from <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canso" title="Cape Canso">Cape Canso</a> (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&params=45_20_N_61_0_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">61°0′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.333°N 61.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.333; -61.000</span></span></span></a></span></span>) to <a href="/wiki/Red_Point_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Red Point (Nova Scotia)">Red Point</a> (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&params=45_35_N_60_45_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°35′N</span> <span class="longitude">60°45′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.583°N 60.750°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.583; -60.750</span></span></span></a></span></span>) in Cape Breton Island, through this Island to Cape Breton [<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&params=45_57_N_59_47_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°57′N</span> <span class="longitude">59°47′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.950°N 59.783°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.950; -59.783</span></span></span></a></span></span>] and on to Pointe Blanche (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&params=46_45_N_56_11_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°45′N</span> <span class="longitude">56°11′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.750°N 56.183°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.750; -56.183</span></span></span></a></span></span>) in the Island of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre,_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon">St. Pierre</a>, and thence to the southwest point of Morgan Island (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&params=46_51_N_55_49_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°51′N</span> <span class="longitude">55°49′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.850°N 55.817°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.850; -55.817</span></span></span></a></span></span>).</dd></dl> <dl><dd><i>On the West:</i> The meridian of 64°30'W from Pointe-Jaune (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&params=49.06_N_64.5_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°04′N</span> <span class="longitude">64°30′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.06°N 64.5°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.06; -64.5</span></span></span></a></span></span>) to Magpie (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&params=50.31_N_64.5_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°19′N</span> <span class="longitude">64°30′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.31°N 64.5°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.31; -64.5</span></span></span></a></span></span>), but the whole of Anticosti Island is included in the Gulf.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protected_Areas_and_National_Parks">Protected Areas and National Parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Protected Areas and National Parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Honguedo_Strait#Western_Honguedo_Strait_Coral_Conservation_Area" title="Honguedo Strait">Western Honguedo Strait Coral Conservation Area</a>, create following the signing of the Canada–Quebec Collaborative Agreement to Establish a Network of Marine Protected Areas in Quebec in March 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-Western_Honguedo_Strait_Coral_Conservation_Area_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Western_Honguedo_Strait_Coral_Conservation_Area-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cold_Water_Corals_and_Sponges_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cold_Water_Corals_and_Sponges-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/St._Paul_Island,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul Island, Nova Scotia">St. Paul Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> off the northeastern tip of Cape Breton Island, is known as the <i>"Graveyard of the Gulf"</i> because of its many <a href="/wiki/Shipwreck" title="Shipwreck">shipwrecks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Access to this island is controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Coast_Guard" title="Canadian Coast Guard">Canadian Coast Guard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1919 the first Migratory Bird Sanctuaries (MBS) in Canada were established under the <a href="/wiki/Migratory_Birds_Convention_Act" title="Migratory Birds Convention Act">Migratory Birds Convention Act</a> on <a href="/wiki/Bonaventure_Island" title="Bonaventure Island">Bonaventure Island</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Rochers_aux_Oiseaux" title="Rochers aux Oiseaux">Bird Rocks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_Islands" title="Magdalen Islands">Magdalen Islands</a>, and on the <a href="/wiki/Perc%C3%A9_Rock" title="Percé Rock">Percé Rock</a>. These <a href="/wiki/Migratory_bird" class="mw-redirect" title="Migratory bird">migratory bird</a> sanctuaries are administered by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Wildlife_Service" title="Canadian Wildlife Service">Canadian Wildlife Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Government_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Government of Canada">Federal Government of Canada</a> manages 37 <a href="/wiki/National_Parks_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="National Parks of Canada">National Parks of Canada</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Parks_Canada_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parks_Canada-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> overview of the parks touching the Gulf of St. Lawrence: <a href="/wiki/Mingan_Archipelago_National_Park_Reserve" title="Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve">Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve</a>, in <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Nord" title="Côte-Nord">Côte-Nord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forillon_National_Park" title="Forillon National Park">Forillon National Park</a> on the eastern tip of the <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9_Peninsula" title="Gaspé Peninsula">Gaspé Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island_National_Park" title="Prince Edward Island National Park">Prince Edward Island National Park</a> on the northern shore of the island, <a href="/wiki/Kouchibouguac_National_Park" title="Kouchibouguac National Park">Kouchibouguac National Park</a> on the northeastern coast of <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Highlands_National_Park" title="Cape Breton Highlands National Park">Cape Breton Highlands National Park</a> on the northern tip of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gros_Morne_National_Park" title="Gros Morne National Park">Gros Morne National Park</a> on the west coast of <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Parks_Canada_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parks_Canada-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Find_a_Parks_Canada_location_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Find_a_Parks_Canada_location-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Quebec, since March 31, 2024, the network of protected areas<sup id="cite_ref-Protected_areas_in_Quebec_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protected_areas_in_Quebec-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Map_of_protected_areas_in_Quebec_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Map_of_protected_areas_in_Quebec-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extends over 274,431 km2 and is established as follows: </p> <ul><li>Continental environment (terrestrial and fresh water): 255,377 km2 or 16.89%;</li> <li>Marine and coastal environments: 18,991 km2 or 12.21% distributed as follows:</li> <li>Marine protected areas and territories set aside in the marine environment: 16,140 km2 or 10.39%;</li> <li>Portions of territories in marine and coastal environments associated with protected areas whose conservation objectives do not specifically target the marine environment (national parks, national park reserves of Quebec and Canada, migratory bird sanctuaries, planned aquatic reserves, reserves of projected biodiversity, areas of concentration of aquatic birds, etc.): 2,854 km2 or 1.84%;</li> <li>Plan Nord territory: 229,021 km2 or 19.19%.<sup id="cite_ref-Network_of_protected_areas_in_Quebec_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Network_of_protected_areas_in_Quebec-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The five provinces bordering the Gulf of St. Lawrence have several provincial parks with protected coasts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>Map all coordinates using</b> <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence">OpenStreetMap</a> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="show links" data-collapsetext="Hide"> <p><b>Download coordinates as:</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence">KML</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=all&titles=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence">GPX (all coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=primary&titles=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence">GPX (primary coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=secondary&titles=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence">GPX (secondary coordinates)</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Undersea_Features">Undersea Features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Undersea Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StLawrence_Gulf_bathymetry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/StLawrence_Gulf_bathymetry.jpg/220px-StLawrence_Gulf_bathymetry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/StLawrence_Gulf_bathymetry.jpg/330px-StLawrence_Gulf_bathymetry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/StLawrence_Gulf_bathymetry.jpg/440px-StLawrence_Gulf_bathymetry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bathymetry" title="Bathymetry">Bathymetry</a> of the gulf, with the Laurentian Channel visible</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Channel" title="Laurentian Channel">Laurentian Channel</a> is a feature of the floor of the Gulf that was formed during <a href="/wiki/Quaternary_glaciation" title="Quaternary glaciation">previous ice ages</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Shelf" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental Shelf">Continental Shelf</a> was eroded by the St. Lawrence River during the periods when the sea level plunged. The Laurentian Channel is about 290 m (950 ft) deep and about 1,250 km (780 mi) long from the Continental Shelf to the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a>. Deep waters with temperatures between 2 and 6.5 °C (36 and 44 °F) enter the Gulf at the continental slope and are slowly advected up the channel by estuariane circulation.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the 20th century, the bottom waters of the end of the channel (i.e. in the St. Lawrence estuary) have become <a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental)" title="Hypoxia (environmental)">hypoxic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ports">Ports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Almost all of Quebec's ports are located along the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Seaway" title="St. Lawrence Seaway">St. Lawrence River seaway</a>, from its source to its gulf, to the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. There are dozens and dozens of shelters, harbors, <a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">natural ports</a>, large and small along the gulf up to the source of the St. Lawrence River, we can add village or individual <a href="/wiki/Wharf" title="Wharf">wharf</a>, without forgetting the large <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_ports_by_cargo_tonnage" title="List of busiest ports by cargo tonnage">international maritime transport ports</a>. In its annual report on maritime traffic in Canada, the Federal Bureau of Statistics gives detailed annual statistics for the years 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023<sup id="cite_ref-Ports_in_the_province_of_Quebec_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ports_in_the_province_of_Quebec-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Monthly_and_annual_statistics_Statistics_on_marine_transportation_occurrences_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monthly_and_annual_statistics_Statistics_on_marine_transportation_occurrences-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ports of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, on the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Nord" title="Côte-Nord">Côte-Nord</a> Shore: <a href="/wiki/Blanc-Sablon" title="Blanc-Sablon">Blanc-Sablon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrington_Harbour" title="Harrington Harbour">Harrington Harbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natashquan" title="Natashquan">Natashquan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Havre-Saint-Pierre" title="Havre-Saint-Pierre">Havre-Saint-Pierre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mingan" title="Mingan">Mingan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port-Menier,_Quebec" title="Port-Menier, Quebec">Port-Menier</a> (Anticosti Island), <a href="/wiki/Cap-aux-Meules" title="Cap-aux-Meules">Cap-aux-Meules</a> (Îles-de-la -Madeleine).<sup id="cite_ref-Ports_in_the_province_of_Quebec_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ports_in_the_province_of_Quebec-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basques_Newfoundland.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Basques_Newfoundland.gif/220px-Basques_Newfoundland.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Basques_Newfoundland.gif/330px-Basques_Newfoundland.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Basques_Newfoundland.gif/440px-Basques_Newfoundland.gif 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>Basque settlements and sites dating from the 16th and 17th centuries</figcaption></figure> <p>The gulf has provided a historically important marine fishery for various <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> that have lived on its shores for millennia and used its waters for transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Brief_History_of_the_Gulf_Region_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Brief_History_of_the_Gulf_Region-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Action_River,_Discovering_the_St._Lawrence_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Action_River,_Discovering_the_St._Lawrence-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iroquoians_in_the_St._Lawrence_River_Valley_before_European_Contact_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iroquoians_in_the_St._Lawrence_River_Valley_before_European_Contact-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first documented voyage by a European in its waters was by the French explorer <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier">Jacques Cartier</a> in the year <a href="/wiki/1534" title="1534">1534</a>. Cartier named the shores of the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a> "The Country of Canadas", after an indigenous word meaning "village" or "settlement", thus naming the world's second largest country.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/History_of_Basque_whaling" title="History of Basque whaling">Basque whalers</a> from <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Luz" title="Saint-Jean-de-Luz">Saint-Jean-de-Luz</a> sailed into the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1530 and began whaling at <a href="/wiki/Red_Bay,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Red Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador">Red Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They established their base on the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Belle_Isle" title="Strait of Belle Isle">Strait of Belle Isle</a><sup id="cite_ref-Strait_of_Belle_Isle,_toponymy_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strait_of_Belle_Isle,_toponymy-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and worked closely with the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In 1579 the English government closed all English ports to Spanish oil imports. As a result, a third of Basque <a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">whale oil</a> could not be sold. Basque whaling collapsed in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and never recovered. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_Also">See Also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See Also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anticosti_Island" title="Anticosti Island">Anticosti Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuary_of_St._Lawrence" title="Estuary of St. Lawrence">Estuary of St. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Peninsula" title="Maritime Peninsula">Maritime Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Seaway" title="St. Lawrence Seaway">St. Lawrence Seaway</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pointe-des-Monts_Lighthouse-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pointe-des-Monts_Lighthouse_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=371691">"Pointe-des-Monts Lighthouse"</a>. <i>Gouvernement of Quebec</i> (in French). Commission de Toponymy Quebec. 7 May 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>This lighthouse is located in Baie-Trinité, in the hamlet of Pointe-des-Monts; it was classified as a monument and historic site on September 8, 1965.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gouvernement+of+Quebec&rft.atitle=Pointe-des-Monts+Lighthouse&rft.date=2003-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponymie.gouv.qc.ca%2Fct%2FToposWeb%2FFiche.aspx%3Fno_seq%3D371691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARGC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ARGC_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARGC_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARGC_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARGC_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/En21-204-2000-6E.pdf">"Atlantic region, Government of Canada, page 86"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>publications.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=publications.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Atlantic+region%2C+Government+of+Canada%2C+page+86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.gc.ca%2Fcollections%2FCollection%2FEn21-204-2000-6E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Environmental_Atlas_of_the_St._Lawrence-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Environmental_Atlas_of_the_St._Lawrence_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaudine_LoiselleJean_Raveneau1997" class="citation web cs1">Claudine Loiselle; Jean Raveneau (December 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2023/eccc/en40/En40-386-0-1997-fra.pdf">"The Environmental Atlas of the St. Lawrence"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Environnement Canada, Geography department</i>. Université Laval. pp. 34 of 67<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>A River, Estuaries, a Gulf: The Great Hydrographic Divisions of the St. Lawrence</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Environnement+Canada%2C+Geography+department&rft.atitle=The+Environmental+Atlas+of+the+St.+Lawrence&rft.pages=34+of+67&rft.date=1997-12&rft.au=Claudine+Loiselle&rft.au=Jean+Raveneau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.gc.ca%2Fcollections%2Fcollection_2023%2Feccc%2Fen40%2FEn40-386-0-1997-fra.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Estuary_and_Gulf_of_St._Lawrence_-_Fisheries_and_Oceans_Canada-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Estuary_and_Gulf_of_St._Lawrence_-_Fisheries_and_Oceans_Canada_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Estuary_and_Gulf_of_St._Lawrence_-_Fisheries_and_Oceans_Canada_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Estuary_and_Gulf_of_St._Lawrence_-_Fisheries_and_Oceans_Canada_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/oceans/planning-planification/areas-aires/estuary-gulf-st-lawrence-estuaire-golfe-saint-laurent-eng.html">"Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence"</a>. <i>Gouvernement of Canada</i>. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 2023-01-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>The area represents one of the largest and most productive estuarine/marine ecosystems in Canada and in the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gouvernement+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Estuary+and+Gulf+of+St.+Lawrence&rft.date=2023-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfo-mpo.gc.ca%2Foceans%2Fplanning-planification%2Fareas-aires%2Festuary-gulf-st-lawrence-estuaire-golfe-saint-laurent-eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischeries_and_Oceans_Canada-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fischeries_and_Oceans_Canada_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean-Claude_Therriault2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jean-Claude Therriault (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/library-bibliotheque/20971_1.pdf">"The Gulf od St. Lawrence: Small Ocean or Big Estuary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fischeries and Oceans Canada</i> (in French and English). Canadian special Publication of Fischeries and Aquatic Science. p. 359<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>the Gulf must be considered a complete and coherent systern: for example, what happens in the Gaspé current cannot be completely isolated from the phenomena that occur elsewhere. The degree of interdependence of the various areas remains to be explored.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fischeries+and+Oceans+Canada&rft.atitle=The+Gulf+od+St.+Lawrence%3A+Small+Ocean+or+Big+Estuary&rft.pages=359&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Jean-Claude+Therriault&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca%2Flibrary-bibliotheque%2F20971_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Great_Lakes_Commission-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Great_Lakes_Commission_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.glc.org/lakes/st-lawrence">"St. Lawrence River and Seaway"</a>. Great Lakes Commission<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>. . . can be divided into three broad sections: the freshwater river, which extends from Lake Ontario to just outside the city of Quebec; the St. Lawrence estuary, which extends from Quebec to Anticosti Island; and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, which leads into the Atlantic Ocean</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Lawrence+River+and+Seaway&rft.pub=Great+Lakes+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.glc.org%2Flakes%2Fst-lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-St_Lawrence_River_Canadian_Encyclopedia-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-St_Lawrence_River_Canadian_Encyclopedia_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Geography_and_Geology" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/st-lawrence-river">"St Lawrence River"</a>. The Canadian Encyclopedia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>According to the Royal Proclamation of 1763, a line from the mouth of Rivière St-Jean on the north shore past the western tip of Île d'Anticosti to Cap des Rosiers on Gaspé marks the end of the river and the beginning of the gulf.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St+Lawrence+River&rft.pub=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fst-lawrence-river&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_secrets_of_the_Saint-Laurent,_marine_weather_guide-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_secrets_of_the_Saint-Laurent,_marine_weather_guide_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_secrets_of_the_Saint-Laurent,_marine_weather_guide_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuy_O'Bonsawin2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guy O'Bonsawin (3 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2023/eccc/En56-87-1992-eng.pdf">"The secrets of the Saint-Laurent, marine weather guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). Environnement Canada. pp. 89, 90 of 100<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>If you consider that both water and air masses literally hug the ground and follow all its contours and surfaces, it's easy to understand just how much variety there can be in wind and sea conditions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+secrets+of+the+Saint-Laurent%2C+marine+weather+guide&rft.pages=89%2C+90+of+100&rft.pub=Environnement+Canada&rft.date=2013-04-03&rft.au=Guy+O%27Bonsawin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.gc.ca%2Fcollections%2Fcollection_2023%2Feccc%2FEn56-87-1992-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Pointe-des-Monts_Lighthouse-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Pointe-des-Monts_Lighthouse_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Pointe-des-Monts_Lighthouse_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pharedepointedesmonts.com/">"The Pointe-des-Monts Lighthouse"</a> (in French). Corporation de Promotion et de Développement du site du Phare historique de Pointe‑des‑Monts. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>Built on a rocky outcrop that forms an islet at high tide, the lighthouse bears witness to a time when navigation in the Gulf of St. Lawrence was perilous.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Pointe-des-Monts+Lighthouse&rft.pub=Corporation+de+Promotion+et+de+D%C3%A9veloppement+du+site+du+Phare+historique+de+Pointe%E2%80%91des%E2%80%91Monts&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pharedepointedesmonts.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Canadian_Lighthouse-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Canadian_Lighthouse_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_F._Bush1975" class="citation web cs1">Edward F. Bush (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parkscanadahistory.com/series/chs/9/chs9-eng.pdf">"The Canadian Lighthouse"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Historic Parks and Sites, Branch, Indian and Northern Affairs. pp. 55 of 188<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>The first lighthouse, completed in 1830, had walls six feet thick at the base, tapering to two feet at the lantern deck.20</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Lighthouse&rft.pages=55+of+188&rft.pub=National+Historic+Parks+and+Sites%2C+Branch%2C+Indian+and+Northern+Affairs&rft.date=1975&rft.au=Edward+F.+Bush&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparkscanadahistory.com%2Fseries%2Fchs%2F9%2Fchs9-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Observatoire_de_la_baie_de_Sept-Îles,_phase_1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Observatoire_de_la_baie_de_Sept-Îles,_phase_1_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portsi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/rapport_phase_1_observatoire_baiesi.pdf">"Observatoire de la baie de Sept-Îles, phase 1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). Nordic Institute for Research on Environment and Occupational Health (INREST. 2025-04-30. p. 227<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2024</span>. <q>The Port of Sept-Îles is one of the largest ports in Canada, with world-class companies on the outskirts of the Bay of Sept-Îles</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Observatoire+de+la+baie+de+Sept-%C3%8Eles%2C+phase+1&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=Nordic+Institute+for+Research+on+Environment+and+Occupational+Health+%28INREST&rft.date=2025-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portsi.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F04%2Frapport_phase_1_observatoire_baiesi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO_World_Heritage_Convention-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_World_Heritage_Convention_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="1686" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1686/">"Anticosti"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Convention</i>. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>Anticosti is the best natural laboratory in the world for the study of fossils and sedimentary strata from the first mass extinction of life at the end of the Ordovician period</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Convention&rft.atitle=Anticosti&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1686%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rose_Blanche-Harbor_le_Cou_(Town)-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rose_Blanche-Harbor_le_Cou_(Town)_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roseblanche-harbourlecou.ca/">"Rose Blanche-Harbor le Cou (Town)"</a>. Glacier Cove Web Design. 2024. <q>... located on Newfoundland's beautiful Southwest Coast. Just 40 minutes away from Port aux Basques</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rose+Blanche-Harbor+le+Cou+%28Town%29&rft.pub=Glacier+Cove+Web+Design&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froseblanche-harbourlecou.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rose_Blanche-Harbor_le_Cou_(Map)-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rose_Blanche-Harbor_le_Cou_(Map)_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roseblanche-harbourlecou.ca/tourism/town-map/">"Rose Blanche-Harbor le Cou (Map)"</a>. Town office. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>Video and map of attractions and services</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rose+Blanche-Harbor+le+Cou+%28Map%29&rft.pub=Town+office&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froseblanche-harbourlecou.ca%2Ftourism%2Ftown-map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toponymie_Quebec-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Toponymie_Quebec_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=57035">"Gulf of St. Lawrence"</a>. <i>Commission de toponymie Quebec</i> (in French). Government of Quebec. 1968-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>Sixteenth-century cartographers, historians and memorialists were most often inspired by the Spanish and Italian translations of the Brief récit, and not by the original French published in 1545 to impose the toponym Gulf of St. Lawrence</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commission+de+toponymie+Quebec&rft.atitle=Gulf+of+St.+Lawrence&rft.date=1968-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponymie.gouv.qc.ca%2Fct%2FToposWeb%2FFiche.aspx%3Fno_seq%3D57035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pointe_des_Monts-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pointe_des_Monts_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=42200">"Pointe des Monts"</a>. <i>Commission de toponymie Quebec</i> (in French). Government of Quebec. 1968-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>These points serve as a boundary between the Estuary of the St. Lawrence River upstream and the much wider Gulf of St. Lawrence downstream</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commission+de+toponymie+Quebec&rft.atitle=Pointe+des+Monts&rft.date=1968-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponymie.gouv.qc.ca%2Fct%2FToposWeb%2FFiche.aspx%3Fno_seq%3D42200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rochers_aux_Oiseaux_toponymy-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rochers_aux_Oiseaux_toponymy_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=45308">"Rochers aux Oiseaux"</a>. <i>Commission de toponymie Quebec</i>. Government of Quebec. 1968-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2024</span>. <q>In 1919, Brother Marie-Victorin used this name during his visit to Les Rochers</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commission+de+toponymie+Quebec&rft.atitle=Rochers+aux+Oiseaux&rft.date=1968-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponymie.gouv.qc.ca%2Fct%2FToposWeb%2FFiche.aspx%3Fno_seq%3D45308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Les_rochers_aux_Oiseaux_Birds_Canada-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Les_rochers_aux_Oiseaux_Birds_Canada_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibacanada.ca/site.jsp?siteID=QC006&lang=en">"Les rochers aux Oiseaux"</a>. Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas in Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2024</span>. <q>Oil pollution is also a concern due to the proximity of the islands to the main shipping route that leads to the St. Lawrence seaway.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+rochers+aux+Oiseaux&rft.pub=Important+Bird+and+Biodiversity+Areas+in+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibacanada.ca%2Fsite.jsp%3FsiteID%3DQC006%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anse-à-la-Cabane_lighthouse_Toponymy-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anse-à-la-Cabane_lighthouse_Toponymy_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=431162">"Anse-à-la-Cabane lighthouse"</a>. <i>Commission de toponymie Quebec</i> (in French). Government of Quebec. 2017-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2024</span>. <q>Built in 1870 and 1871, it was erected during the first wave of lighthouse construction to make navigation safe in the Gulf of St. Lawrence</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commission+de+toponymie+Quebec&rft.atitle=Anse-%C3%A0-la-Cabane+lighthouse&rft.date=2017-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponymie.gouv.qc.ca%2Fct%2FToposWeb%2FFiche.aspx%3Fno_seq%3D431162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Port-Daniel_lighthouse_sector-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Port-Daniel_lighthouse_sector_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean-François_Rodrigue2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jean-François Rodrigue (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca/detail.do?methode=consulter&id=167917&type=bien">"Port-Daniel lighthouse sector"</a> (in French). Ministry of Culture and Communications Quebec<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>... a modest structure, approximately 7.5 meters high (approximately 24 feet), made of reinforced concrete and with an octagonal base, with a steel lantern and railing. The tower is white, the lantern red.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Port-Daniel+lighthouse+sector&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Culture+and+Communications+Quebec&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois+Rodrigue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca%2Fdetail.do%3Fmethode%3Dconsulter%26id%3D167917%26type%3Dbien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saguenay–St._Lawrence_Marine_Park-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saguenay–St._Lawrence_Marine_Park_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parcmarin.qc.ca/home/">"Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park"</a>. Government Quebec - Government of Canada. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>More than 2,200 species frequent these waters, including species at risk such as the beluga whale, the blue whale and the Barrow's goldeneye.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saguenay%E2%80%93St.+Lawrence+Marine+Park&rft.pub=Government+Quebec+-+Government+of+Canada&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparcmarin.qc.ca%2Fhome%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cetaceans_of_the_World-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cetaceans_of_the_World_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://savedolphins.eii.org/about">"International Marine Mammal Project (IMMP)"</a>. Earth Island Institute. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>We have achieved victories for marine mammals around the world and work to make the oceans safe for whales, dolphins and marine life.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Marine+Mammal+Project+%28IMMP%29&rft.pub=Earth+Island+Institute&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsavedolphins.eii.org%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Right_Whales:_A_Look_Back_on_the_Summer_of_2017-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Right_Whales:_A_Look_Back_on_the_Summer_of_2017_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStéphane_Plourde2017" class="citation web cs1">Stéphane Plourde (7 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qc.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/en/infocean/special-brief-1st-section-right-whales-look-back-summer-2017">"Right Whales: A Look Back on the Summer of 2017"</a>. <i>Gouvernement of Canada</i>. InfoOceans - New wave<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>The North Atlantic right whale is an endangered species - Over the coming months, the Government of Canada will meet with representatives of the fishing and shipping industries, Aboriginal communities, whale experts and scientists, as well as the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gouvernement+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Right+Whales%3A+A+Look+Back+on+the+Summer+of+2017&rft.date=2017-11-07&rft.au=St%C3%A9phane+Plourde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qc.dfo-mpo.gc.ca%2Fen%2Finfocean%2Fspecial-brief-1st-section-right-whales-look-back-summer-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whales_Online,_magazine_and_encyclopedia-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whales_Online,_magazine_and_encyclopedia_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baleinesendirect.org/en/discover/the-species-of-the-st-lawrence/the-13-species/">"The Species of the St. Lawrence"</a>. <i>Whales Online, magazine and encyclopedia</i>. Group for Research and Education on Marine Mammals (GREMM). July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>The different species of seals and whales are all mammal species. © GREMM</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whales+Online%2C+magazine+and+encyclopedia&rft.atitle=The+Species+of+the+St.+Lawrence&rft.date=2024-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbaleinesendirect.org%2Fen%2Fdiscover%2Fthe-species-of-the-st-lawrence%2Fthe-13-species%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jacques_Cartier_Strait,_toponymy-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jacques_Cartier_Strait,_toponymy_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=30599">"Jacques Cartier Strait, toponymy"</a>. <i>Gouvernement of Quebec</i> (in French). Commission de Toponymy Quebec. 12 May 1968<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>... so named in 1934 by the Quebec Geography Commission, on the occasion of the celebration of the fourth centenary of the first trip to Canada by the Saint-Malo explorer Jacques Cartier.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gouvernement+of+Quebec&rft.atitle=Jacques+Cartier+Strait%2C+toponymy&rft.date=1968-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponymie.gouv.qc.ca%2Fct%2FToposWeb%2FFiche.aspx%3Fno_seq%3D30599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canadian_sailing_directions._ATL_110,_St._Lawrence_River,_Cap_Whittle/Cap_Gaspé_to_Les_Escoumins_and_Anticosti_Island.-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Canadian_sailing_directions._ATL_110,_St._Lawrence_River,_Cap_Whittle/Cap_Gaspé_to_Les_Escoumins_and_Anticosti_Island._26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2023/mpo-dfo/Fs74-52-2023-11-eng.pdf">"Canadian sailing directions. ATL 110, St. Lawrence River, Cap Whittle/Cap Gaspé to Les Escoumins and Anticosti Island"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fischeries and Oceans Canada</i>. Canadian Hydrographic Service. November 2023. pp. 9 of 89<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>... covers the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence River, from Cap Whittle (50°11'N, 60°07'W) to Pointe des Monts (49°19'N, 67°23'W), as well as the north shore of Anticosti Island.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fischeries+and+Oceans+Canada&rft.atitle=Canadian+sailing+directions.+ATL+110%2C+St.+Lawrence+River%2C+Cap+Whittle%2FCap+Gasp%C3%A9+to+Les+Escoumins+and+Anticosti+Island.&rft.pages=9+of+89&rft.date=2023-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.gc.ca%2Fcollections%2Fcollection_2023%2Fmpo-dfo%2FFs74-52-2023-11-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Honguedo_Strait,_toponymy-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Honguedo_Strait,_toponymy_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=28928">"Honguedo Strait, toponymy"</a>. <i>Gouvernement of Quebec</i> (in French). Commission de Toponymy Quebec. 5 December 1968<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>The Commission de géographie du Québec, now the Commission de toponymie, adopted this toponym in 1934 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the arrival of Jacques Cartier in New France.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gouvernement+of+Quebec&rft.atitle=Honguedo+Strait%2C+toponymy&rft.date=1968-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponymie.gouv.qc.ca%2Fct%2FToposWeb%2FFiche.aspx%3Fno_seq%3D28928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strait_of_Belle_Isle,_toponymy-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strait_of_Belle_Isle,_toponymy_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strait_of_Belle_Isle,_toponymy_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strait_of_Belle_Isle,_toponymy_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strait_of_Belle_Isle,_toponymy_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=228162">"Strait of Belle Isle"</a>. <i>Gouvernement of Quebec</i> (in French). Commission de Toponymy Quebec. 13 December 1988<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>In addition to Grande Bay, this arm of the sea had notably borne the names of Friar Lewis, on maps from 1505, then Gulf of Chasteaulx, Charles Streights and Passage du Nord which a cartographer describes as "subject to Glaces" later in the 16th and during the 17th century.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gouvernement+of+Quebec&rft.atitle=Strait+of+Belle+Isle&rft.date=1988-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponymie.gouv.qc.ca%2Fct%2FToposWeb%2FFiche.aspx%3Fno_seq%3D228162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ATL_104:_Cape_North_to_Cape_Canso_(including_Bras_d’Or_Lake)-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ATL_104:_Cape_North_to_Cape_Canso_(including_Bras_d’Or_Lake)_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ATL_104:_Cape_North_to_Cape_Canso_(including_Bras_d’Or_Lake)_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanadian_Hydrographic_Service2024" class="citation web cs1">Canadian Hydrographic Service (16 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/library-bibliotheque/chs-shc-ATL104-eng-202404-41238060.pdf">"ATL 104: Cape North to Cape Canso (including Bras d'Or Lake)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fisheries and Oceans Canada</i>. Canadian Sailing Directions. pp. 9 of 95<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>St. Paul Island presents the only danger in the Cabot strait. Mariners are advised to navigate with caution during periods of reduced visibility.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+and+Oceans+Canada&rft.atitle=ATL+104%3A+Cape+North+to+Cape+Canso+%28including+Bras+d%27Or+Lake%29&rft.pages=9+of+95&rft.date=2024-04-16&rft.au=Canadian+Hydrographic+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca%2Flibrary-bibliotheque%2Fchs-shc-ATL104-eng-202404-41238060.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strait_of_Canso_-_Water_Resources_-_Map-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strait_of_Canso_-_Water_Resources_-_Map_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.novascotia.ca/nse/groundwater/images/GroundwaterResourcesMap_StraitofCanso.pdf">"Strait of Canso - Map"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Water Resources, Nova Scotia</i>. Strait of Canso Environment Committee. 1975<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>From George Bay to Chedabucto Bay</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources%2C+Nova+Scotia&rft.atitle=Strait+of+Canso+-+Map&rft.date=1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.novascotia.ca%2Fnse%2Fgroundwater%2Fimages%2FGroundwaterResourcesMap_StraitofCanso.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strait_of_Canso_Environment_Committee_-_Water_resources-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strait_of_Canso_Environment_Committee_-_Water_resources_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strait_of_Canso_Environment_Committee_-_Water_resources_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strait_of_Canso_Environment_Committee_-_Water_resources_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrait_of_Canso_Environment_Committee1975" class="citation web cs1">Strait of Canso Environment Committee (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://novascotia.ca/nse/groundwater/docs/GroundwaterResourcesReport_StraitofCanso.pdf">"Water Resources"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 33. <q>The Strait is relatively narrow, varying in width from 800 m to 2,000 m (2,600 to 6,600 ft.), although it is most commonly 1,600 m (1 mile) wide throughout the 27 km (17 mi.) length.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+Resources&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1975&rft.au=Strait+of+Canso+Environment+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnovascotia.ca%2Fnse%2Fgroundwater%2Fdocs%2FGroundwaterResourcesReport_StraitofCanso.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flow_through_the_Canso_Causeway-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Flow_through_the_Canso_Causeway_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGary_L._BugdenBrent_A._LawEdward_P.W._HorneShawn_E._Roach2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gary L. Bugden; Brent A. Law; Edward P.W. Horne; Shawn E. Roach (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/library-bibliotheque/40884533.pdf">"Flow through the Canso Causeway"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fischeries and Oceans Canada</i> (in English and French). Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. pp. 21 of 55<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>Although blocked in the 1950's by the Canso Causeway, Canso Strait could potentially be a transport pathway for the spread of Malpeque Disease</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fischeries+and+Oceans+Canada&rft.atitle=Flow+through+the+Canso+Causeway&rft.pages=21+of+55&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Gary+L.+Bugden&rft.au=Brent+A.+Law&rft.au=Edward+P.W.+Horne&rft.au=Shawn+E.+Roach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca%2Flibrary-bibliotheque%2F40884533.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canso_Causeway_-_Road_to_the_Isles-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Canso_Causeway_-_Road_to_the_Isles_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canso_Causeway_-_Road_to_the_Isles_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/cansocauseway/index.htm">"Canso Causeway - Road to the Isles"</a>. Canada's Digital collections<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>The mile long eighty foot wide man-made causeway is known as the deepest in the world</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canso+Causeway+-+Road+to+the+Isles&rft.pub=Canada%27s+Digital+collections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fepe.lac-bac.gc.ca%2F100%2F205%2F301%2Fic%2Fcdc%2Fcansocauseway%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mingan_Island_Cetacean_Study_(MICS)-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mingan_Island_Cetacean_Study_(MICS)_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rorqual.com/english/home">"Mingan Island Cetacean Study (MICS)"</a>. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>The principal study areas include the Quebec North Shore in the Mingan Island / Anticosti region, the Gaspe Peninsula and St. Lawrence Estuary.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mingan+Island+Cetacean+Study+%28MICS%29&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rorqual.com%2Fenglish%2Fhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saint-Maurice-de-l'Échouerie_(Gaspé)-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saint-Maurice-de-l'Échouerie_(Gaspé)_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=139238">"Saint-Maurice-de-l'Échouerie (Gaspé)"</a>. <i>Gouvernement of Quebec</i> (in French). Commission de Toponymy Quebec. 17 January 1985<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>In Gaspésie, the Magdalen Islands and the North Shore, a haul-out site is a place where seals have taken to coming to rest.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gouvernement+of+Quebec&rft.atitle=Saint-Maurice-de-l%27%C3%89chouerie+%28Gasp%C3%A9%29&rft.date=1985-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponymie.gouv.qc.ca%2Fct%2FToposWeb%2FFiche.aspx%3Fno_seq%3D139238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Histoire_du_Canada_Français_depuis_la_découverte-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Histoire_du_Canada_Français_depuis_la_découverte_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLionel_Groulx1960" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lionel Groulx (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fondationlionelgroulx.org/sites/default/files/documents/lionel-groulx-histoire-du-canada-francais-depuis-la-decouverte-tome-1.pdf">"History of French Canada since the Discovery"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). Fides, Montreal and Paris. pp. 16 of 404<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>In the absence of decisive, first-hand documents, historians and cartographers can only assert probabilities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+French+Canada+since+the+Discovery&rft.pages=16+of+404&rft.pub=Fides%2C+Montreal+and+Paris&rft.date=1960&rft.au=Lionel+Groulx&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffondationlionelgroulx.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Flionel-groulx-histoire-du-canada-francais-depuis-la-decouverte-tome-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Small_Ocean_or_Big_Estuary-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Small_Ocean_or_Big_Estuary_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean-Claude_Therriault" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jean-Claude Therriault. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/library-bibliotheque/20971_1.pdf">"The Gulf of St. Lawrence: Small Ocean or Big Estuary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in English and French). Fisheries and Oceans Canada. p. 359<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>The Gulf of St. Lawrence contains a wide range of hydrodynamic conditions including seasonal ice cover, polynyas, fronts, gyres, freshwater input and influences, and large seasonal variations in vertical stratification.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gulf+of+St.+Lawrence%3A+Small+Ocean+or+Big+Estuary&rft.pages=359&rft.pub=Fisheries+and+Oceans+Canada&rft.au=Jean-Claude+Therriault&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca%2Flibrary-bibliotheque%2F20971_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_Britannica-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Britannica_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Gulf-of-Saint-Lawrence">"Gulf of St. Lawrence"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>body of water covering about 60,000 square miles (155,000 square km) at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. The reefs on these surfaces, coupled with the hazards of fog and ice, have caused a large number of shipwrecks.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Gulf+of+St.+Lawrence&rft.date=2024-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FGulf-of-Saint-Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gulf_of_St._Lawrence_1953-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gulf_of_St._Lawrence_1953_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf">"Gulf of St. Lawrence"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Limits of Oceans and Seas</i>. International Hydrographic organization. 1953. pp. 14 of 42<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2024</span>. <q>Limits of Oceans and Seas</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Limits+of+Oceans+and+Seas&rft.atitle=Gulf+of+St.+Lawrence&rft.pages=14+of+42&rft.date=1953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiho.int%2Fuploads%2Fuser%2Fpubs%2Fstandards%2Fs-23%2FS-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Western_Honguedo_Strait_Coral_Conservation_Area-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Western_Honguedo_Strait_Coral_Conservation_Area_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/oceans/oecm-amcepz/refuges/honguedo-western-ouest-eng.html">"Western Honguedo Strait Coral Conservation Area"</a>. <i>Gouvernement of Canada</i>. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 9 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>High concentrations of these soft corals create habitat with complex structures that provide refuge, feeding, and rearing areas for many marine species, thus supporting greater biodiversity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gouvernement+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Western+Honguedo+Strait+Coral+Conservation+Area&rft.date=2019-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfo-mpo.gc.ca%2Foceans%2Foecm-amcepz%2Frefuges%2Fhonguedo-western-ouest-eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cold_Water_Corals_and_Sponges-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cold_Water_Corals_and_Sponges_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/oceans/publications/soto-rceo/2012/page07-eng.html">"Cold Water Corals and Sponges"</a>. <i>Gouvernement of Canada</i>. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 2012. <q>They provide the complex habitat structure that is important to invertebrates, fish and other deep sea life. High-complexity sponge reefs are associated with a greater abundance and diversity of species.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gouvernement+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Cold+Water+Corals+and+Sponges&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfo-mpo.gc.ca%2Foceans%2Fpublications%2Fsoto-rceo%2F2012%2Fpage07-eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_hl_eng.aspx?id=14574">"St. Paul Island Southwest Lighthouse"</a>. <i>Parks Canada Directory of Federal Heritage Designations</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parks+Canada+Directory+of+Federal+Heritage+Designations&rft.atitle=St.+Paul+Island+Southwest+Lighthouse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pc.gc.ca%2Fapps%2Fdfhd%2Fpage_hl_eng.aspx%3Fid%3D14574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZydler2018" class="citation web cs1">Zydler, Tom (18 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cruisingworld.com/cruising-canadas-gulf-st-lawrence/">"Cruising Canada's Gulf of St. Lawrence"</a>. <i>Cruising World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2023</span>. <q>As I stepped ashore onto a blanket-size piece of sand, I realized I was probably trespassing; landing on the island requires an official permit from the Canadian coast guard.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cruising+World&rft.atitle=Cruising+Canada%27s+Gulf+of+St.+Lawrence&rft.date=2018-10-18&rft.aulast=Zydler&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cruisingworld.com%2Fcruising-canadas-gulf-st-lawrence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/migratory-bird-sanctuaries/locations.html">"Migratory bird sanctuaries across Canada"</a>. Government of Canada. 22 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Migratory+bird+sanctuaries+across+Canada&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada&rft.date=2011-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fenvironment-climate-change%2Fservices%2Fmigratory-bird-sanctuaries%2Flocations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parks_Canada-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Parks_Canada_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parks_Canada_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parks.canada.ca/pn-np">"Parks Canada"</a>. Government of Canada. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>There are 37 national parks and 11 national park reserves in Canada that represent 31 of Canada's 39 terrestrial natural regions and protect approximately 343,377 square kilometers of lands in Canada.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parks+Canada&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparks.canada.ca%2Fpn-np&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Find_a_Parks_Canada_location-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Find_a_Parks_Canada_location_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parks.canada.ca/pn-np/recherche-parcs-parks-search">"National Parks of Canada, search by province or territory - Map"</a>. Government of Canada. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>National Parks of Canada, search by province or territory</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Parks+of+Canada%2C+search+by+province+or+territory+-+Map&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparks.canada.ca%2Fpn-np%2Frecherche-parcs-parks-search&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Protected_areas_in_Quebec-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Protected_areas_in_Quebec_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca/biodiversite/aires_protegees/aires_quebec.htm#def">"Protected areas in Quebec"</a> (in French). Ministère de l'Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>Protected areas are also recognized as an essential tool for adaptation to climate change. In particular, they allow carbon to be stored.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Protected+areas+in+Quebec&rft.pub=Minist%C3%A8re+de+l%27Environnement%2C+de+la+Lutte+contre+les+changements+climatiques%2C+de+la+Faune+et+des+Parcs&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environnement.gouv.qc.ca%2Fbiodiversite%2Faires_protegees%2Faires_quebec.htm%23def&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Map_of_protected_areas_in_Quebec-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Map_of_protected_areas_in_Quebec_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca/biodiversite/aires_protegees/aires-carte.pdf">"Map of protected areas in Quebec"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). Environment and Climate Change Canada. March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>Protected areas register database, 2024 Ministry of Environment and Ecological reference framework, 2018 adapted</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+protected+areas+in+Quebec&rft.pub=Environment+and+Climate+Change+Canada&rft.date=2024-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environnement.gouv.qc.ca%2Fbiodiversite%2Faires_protegees%2Faires-carte.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Network_of_protected_areas_in_Quebec-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Network_of_protected_areas_in_Quebec_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca/biodiversite/aires_protegees/registre/">"Network of protected areas in Quebec"</a> (in French). Environment and Climate Change Canada. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>The Register of Protected Areas in Quebec constitutes a unique and integrated reference for Quebec in terms of protected areas, both within the meaning of the Natural Heritage Conservation Act and the recommendations of the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Network+of+protected+areas+in+Quebec&rft.pub=Environment+and+Climate+Change+Canada&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environnement.gouv.qc.ca%2Fbiodiversite%2Faires_protegees%2Fregistre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Galbraith, P.S., Pettipas, R.G., Chassé, J., Gilbert, D., Larouche, P., Pettigrew, B., Gosselin, A., Devine, L. and Lafleur, C. 2009. Physical Oceanographic Conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 2008. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2009/014. iv + 69 p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, D., B. Sundby, C. Gobeil, A. Mucci and G.-H. Tremblay. 2005. A seventy-two-year record of diminishing deep-water oxygen in the <a href="/wiki/Estuary_of_St._Lawrence" title="Estuary of St. Lawrence">St. Lawrence estuary</a>: The northwest Atlantic connection. Limnol. Oceanogr., 50(5): 1654–1666.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ports_in_the_province_of_Quebec-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ports_in_the_province_of_Quebec_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ports_in_the_province_of_Quebec_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierre_Camu1959" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pierre Camu (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/cgq/1959-v3-n6-cgq2580/020193ar.pdf">"Ports in the province of Quebec"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Quebec geography notebooks</i> (in French). Department of Geography at Laval University - Erudit. pp. 3 of 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>Ports of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, on the Côte-Nord Shore: Blanc-Sablon, Harrington Harbor, Natashquan, Havre-Saint-Pierre, Mingan, Port-Menier (Anticosti Island), Cap-aux-Meules (Îles-de-la -Madeleine)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quebec+geography+notebooks&rft.atitle=Ports+in+the+province+of+Quebec&rft.pages=3+of+10&rft.date=1959&rft.au=Pierre+Camu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.erudit.org%2Ffr%2Frevues%2Fcgq%2F1959-v3-n6-cgq2580%2F020193ar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monthly_and_annual_statistics_Statistics_on_marine_transportation_occurrences-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Monthly_and_annual_statistics_Statistics_on_marine_transportation_occurrences_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bst.gc.ca/eng/stats/marine/stats.html">"Monthly and annual statistics Statistics on marine transportation occurrences"</a>. <i>Gouvernement of Canada</i>. Transportation Safety Board of Canada. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2024</span>. <q>Marine transportation Data and statistics Monthly and annual statistics, Monthly and Annual</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gouvernement+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Monthly+and+annual+statistics+Statistics+on+marine+transportation+occurrences&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bst.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fstats%2Fmarine%2Fstats.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_Brief_History_of_the_Gulf_Region-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A_Brief_History_of_the_Gulf_Region_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/library-bibliotheque/347353.pdf">"A Brief History of the Gulf Region"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fisheries Peches and Ocean Canada</i>. Gulf region. 1991. p. 14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>We must manage the Gulf fishery as a biological reality, not as a battlefield for provincial ambitions</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Peches+and+Ocean+Canada&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Gulf+Region&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca%2Flibrary-bibliotheque%2F347353.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Action_River,_Discovering_the_St._Lawrence-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Action_River,_Discovering_the_St._Lawrence_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2015/ec/En154-41-2014-eng.pdf">"Action River, Discovering the St. Lawrence"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Canada. 24 November 2015. pp. 7 of 32<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>The Aboriginal people were the first to benefit from the abundant resources of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence: water, game, fish and marine mammals.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Action+River%2C+Discovering+the+St.+Lawrence&rft.pages=7+of+32&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada&rft.date=2015-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.gc.ca%2Fcollections%2Fcollection_2015%2Fec%2FEn154-41-2014-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iroquoians_in_the_St._Lawrence_River_Valley_before_European_Contact-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Iroquoians_in_the_St._Lawrence_River_Valley_before_European_Contact_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristian_Gates_St-Pierre2017" class="citation web cs1">Christian Gates St-Pierre (9 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ontarioarchaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/oa096-06_Gates_St-Pierre.pdf">"Iroquoians in the St. Lawrence River Valley before European Contact"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>At the time of contact with the first Europeans, the St. Lawrence Iroquoians occupied a territory that extended from the mouth of Lake Ontario to the Cap Tourmente area, near Quebec City, with a southward extension to the northern tip of Lake Champlain, as well as seasonal extensions into the estuary and the gulf of St. Lawrence. D</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iroquoians+in+the+St.+Lawrence+River+Valley+before+European+Contact&rft.pages=18&rft.date=2017-07-09&rft.au=Christian+Gates+St-Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fontarioarchaeology.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Foa096-06_Gates_St-Pierre.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/cartier-discovers-st-lawrence-river/">"French navigator Jacques Cartier sails the St. Lawrence River"</a>. A&E Television Networks<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=French+navigator+Jacques+Cartier+sails+the+St.+Lawrence+River&rft.pub=A%26E+Television+Networks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fcartier-discovers-st-lawrence-river%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/nl/redbay">"Red Bay National Historic Site"</a>. 9 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Bay+National+Historic+Site&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pc.gc.ca%2Fen%2Flhn-nhs%2Fnl%2Fredbay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGulf+of+St.+Lawrence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_Links">External Links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulf_of_St._Lawrence&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External Links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gulf_of_Saint_Lawrence" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gulf of Saint Lawrence">Gulf of Saint Lawrence</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Eric W. Morse 1968, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parkscanadahistory.com/publications/fur-trade-canoe-routes.pdf">Fur Trade Canoe Routes of Canada /Then and Now</a></i>, pp 121</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Victorin_Kirouac" title="Marie-Victorin Kirouac">Frère Marie-Victorin</a> (1885-1944), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/dgda/albums/72157644711578566/">Anticosti, land with immense spaces, the sea all around, and a social world of the 1920s gone forever.</a> Anticosti/UdeM archives, 14 photos (French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/animal/cetacean">Species of cetacean</a>, comparison poster, Encyclopedia Britannica 2024</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ogsl.ca/en/home-slgo/">Integrated Access to Knowledge and Open Data of the St. Lawrence</a>, St. Lawrence Global Observatory (SLGO). (French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca/biodiversite/atlas/index.htm">Atlas of the biodiversity of northern Quebec</a>, Ministère de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques (MELCC). (French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parkscanadahistory.com/plants/mingan-rare-plants-fr.pdf">Rare plants of the Mingan Archipelago</a> Environnement Canada, 2025 (French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quebecmaritime.ca/documents/file/brochures%20english/lighthouse.pdf">The lighthouse Trail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bas-Saint-Laurent" title="Bas-Saint-Laurent">Bas-Saint-Laurent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9_Peninsula" title="Gaspé Peninsula">Gaspésie</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-Nord" title="Côte-Nord">Côte-Nord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_Islands" title="Magdalen Islands">Îles de la Madeleine</a> (French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674972117">The New Map of Empire</a>. How Britain Imagined America before Independence, Harvard University Press</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earlycanadianhistory.ca/2018/09/26/mapping-land-tenure-pluralism-in-the-st-lawrence-river-valley/">Mapping Land Tenure Pluralism in the St. Lawrence River Valley</a>, Julia Lewandoski, essay kicks off a Borealia series on Cartography an Empire</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.banq.qc.ca/bitstream/52327/2406244/1/22696_1.pdf">Légendes du Saint-Laurent, Récits des voyageurs</a>, Jean-Claude Dupont, 1985, 72 pages (French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2024/mpo-dfo/Fs151-18-2024-eng.pdf">Radio Aids to Marine Navigation 2024</a>, Radio Aids to Marine Navigation 2024, (Atlantic, St. Lawrence, Great Lakes, Lake Winnipeg, Arctic and Pacific) <a href="/wiki/Fisheries_and_Oceans_Canada" title="Fisheries and Oceans Canada">Fisheries and Oceans Canada</a>, 298 pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Canadian Geographical Society">Royal Canadian Geographial Society</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rcgs.org/maze-to-the-aguanish/">Maze to the Aguanish</a>, a 680 kilometre <a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">canoe</a> trip through the wilds of <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, that traverse the headwaters of the Romaine and the <a href="/wiki/Little_Mecatina_River" title="Little Mecatina River">Petit-Mécatina</a> rivers, 2021</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.667091/publication.html">The Gulf of St. Lawrence - a Unique Ecosystem</a>, Government of Canada 2005 [English | French]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erudit.org/revue/gpq/2001/v55/n2/008298ar.pdf">Timing and position of late Wisconsinan ice-margins on the upper slope seaward of Laurentian Channel</a> David J. W. Piper et Adam Macdonald, 2001, 11 page</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/List_of_seas_on_Earth" title="List of seas on Earth">seas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen_Sea" title="Amundsen Sea">Amundsen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellingshausen_Sea" title="Bellingshausen Sea">Bellingshausen Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Sea" title="Cooperation Sea">Cooperation Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmonauts_Sea" title="Cosmonauts Sea">Cosmonauts Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Sea" title="Davis Sea">Davis Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Urville_Sea" title="D'Urville Sea">D'Urville Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Haakon_VII_Sea" title="King Haakon VII Sea">King Haakon VII Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarev_Sea" title="Lazarev Sea">Lazarev 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Sea">Chukchi Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Siberian_Sea" title="East Siberian Sea">East Siberian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Sea" title="Greenland Sea">Greenland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Boothia" title="Gulf of Boothia">Gulf of Boothia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Sea" title="Kara Sea">Kara Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laptev_Sea" title="Laptev Sea">Laptev Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Sea" title="Lincoln Sea">Lincoln Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pechora_Sea" title="Pechora Sea">Pechora Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gustaf_Adolf_Sea" title="Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea">Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria_Sea" title="Queen Victoria Sea">Queen Victoria Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandel_Sea" title="Wandel Sea">Wandel Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sea" title="White Sea">White Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Mediterranean_Sea" title="American Mediterranean Sea">American Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_Sea" title="Archipelago Sea">Archipelago Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Sea" title="Argentine Sea">Argentine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Bay" title="Baffin Bay">Baffin Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Sea" title="Balearic Sea">Balearic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Bay" title="Bothnian Bay">Bay of Bothnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Campeche" title="Bay of Campeche">Bay of Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Sea" title="Bothnian Sea">Bothnian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Sea" title="Celtic Sea">Celtic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxe_Basin" title="Foxe Basin">Foxe Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Sea" title="Greenland Sea">Greenland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Lion" title="Gulf of Lion">Gulf of Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Maine" title="Gulf of Maine">Gulf of Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra" title="Gulf of Sidra">Gulf of Sidra</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gulf of St. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Venezuela" title="Gulf of Venezuela">Gulf of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irminger_Sea" title="Irminger Sea">Irminger Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrador_Sea" title="Labrador Sea">Labrador Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Sea" title="Ligurian Sea">Ligurian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtoan_Sea" title="Myrtoan Sea">Myrtoan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Sea" title="Norwegian Sea">Norwegian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargasso_Sea" title="Sargasso Sea">Sargasso Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_%C3%85land" title="Sea of Åland">Sea of Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Azov" title="Sea of Azov">Sea of Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_the_Hebrides" title="Sea of the Hebrides">Sea of the Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Sea" title="Thracian Sea">Thracian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Sea" title="Andaman Sea">Andaman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flores_Sea" title="Flores Sea">Flores Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Australian_Bight" title="Great Australian Bight">Great Australian Bight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aqaba" title="Gulf of Aqaba">Gulf of Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Khambhat" title="Gulf of Khambhat">Gulf of Khambhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Kutch" title="Gulf of Kutch">Gulf of Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Suez" title="Gulf of Suez">Gulf of Suez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Sea" title="Laccadive Sea">Laccadive Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Channel" title="Mozambique Channel">Mozambique Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_Sea" title="Timor Sea">Timor Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arafura_Sea" title="Arafura Sea">Arafura Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Sea" title="Bali Sea">Bali Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Sea" title="Banda Sea">Banda Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Sea" title="Bismarck Sea">Bismarck Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohol_Sea" title="Bohol Sea">Bohol Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camotes_Sea" title="Camotes Sea">Camotes Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebes_Sea" title="Celebes Sea">Celebes Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Sea" title="Chilean Sea">Chilean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea" title="Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska" title="Gulf of Alaska">Gulf of Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Anadyr" title="Gulf of Anadyr">Gulf of Anadyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Carpentaria" title="Gulf of Carpentaria">Gulf of Carpentaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Fonseca" title="Gulf of Fonseca">Gulf of Fonseca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Panama" title="Gulf of Panama">Gulf of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmahera_Sea" title="Halmahera Sea">Halmahera Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Sea" title="Java Sea">Java Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koro_Sea" title="Koro Sea">Koro Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Grau" title="Mar de Grau">Mar de Grau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molucca_Sea" title="Molucca Sea">Molucca Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_Gulf" title="Moro Gulf">Moro Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea" title="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_Sea" title="Salish Sea">Salish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savu_Sea" title="Savu Sea">Savu Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Sea of Okhotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seram_Sea" title="Seram Sea">Seram Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seto_Inland_Sea" title="Seto Inland Sea">Seto Inland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantar_Sea" title="Shantar Sea">Shantar Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibuyan_Sea" title="Sibuyan Sea">Sibuyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Sea" title="Solomon Sea">Solomon Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayan_Sea" title="Visayan Sea">Visayan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">Endorheic basins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superocean" title="Superocean">Superocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/32px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/48px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/64px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1358" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceans" title="Portal:Oceans">Oceans portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Seas" title="Category:Seas">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Marginal_seas_of_the_Atlantic_Ocean194" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Marginal_seas_of_the_Atlantic_Ocean" title="Template:Marginal seas of the Atlantic Ocean"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Marginal_seas_of_the_Atlantic_Ocean" title="Template talk:Marginal seas of the Atlantic Ocean"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Marginal_seas_of_the_Atlantic_Ocean" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Marginal seas of the Atlantic Ocean"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Marginal_seas_of_the_Atlantic_Ocean194" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Marginal seas of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foxe_Basin" title="Foxe Basin">Foxe Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Bay" title="Baffin Bay">Baffin Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Campeche" title="Bay of Campeche">Bay of Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Bay" title="Bothnian Bay">Bothnian Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottles_Bay" title="Pottles Bay">Pottles Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gulfs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Bothnia" title="Gulf of Bothnia">Gulf of Bothnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Guinea" title="Gulf of Guinea">Gulf of Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Lion" title="Gulf of Lion">Gulf of Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Maine" title="Gulf of Maine">Gulf of Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra" title="Gulf of Sidra">Gulf of Sidra</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gulf of St. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Venezuela" title="Gulf of Venezuela">Gulf of Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Mediterranean_Sea" title="American Mediterranean Sea">American Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_Sea" title="Archipelago Sea">Archipelago Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Sea" title="Argentine Sea">Argentine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Sea" title="Balearic Sea">Balearic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Sea" title="Bothnian Sea">Bothnian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Sea" title="Celtic Sea">Celtic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Sea" title="Greenland Sea">Greenland Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icarian_Sea" title="Icarian Sea">Icarian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irminger_Sea" title="Irminger Sea">Irminger Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattegat" title="Kattegat">Kattegat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrador_Sea" title="Labrador Sea">Labrador Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Sea" title="Ligurian Sea">Ligurian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtoan_Sea" title="Myrtoan Sea">Myrtoan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Sea" title="Norwegian Sea">Norwegian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargasso_Sea" title="Sargasso Sea">Sargasso Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_%C3%85land" title="Sea of Åland">Sea of Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Azov" title="Sea of Azov">Sea of Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_the_Hebrides" title="Sea of the Hebrides">Sea of the Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skagerrak" title="Skagerrak">Skagerrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Sea" title="Thracian Sea">Thracian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/32px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/48px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/64px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1358" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceans" title="Portal:Oceans">Oceans portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169523#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1141" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169523#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1141" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169523#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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