CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135770d3e4e9e20',cH: 'doZbv4hhmjPQrVUQKgDwmDxqQKmsAUjUcQhPXy5_pxI-1739792032-1.2.1.1-aFlUh2mFwh09h9MOLRVyf3xtzewV1qOxVKvYVwnQIKz2_gHCPY5BO758Bta8y95u',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=social%20dilemma&page=3&__cf_chl_tk=gXAwai7Pq3x0xP8.GEc_YibmK5Vz0ExB5115V_EdsoY-1739792032-1.0.1.1-TSmUsh9BU69pd1LHRqChWlm9g.Thizz7AcRMuDIW7g0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792032',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=social%20dilemma&page=3&__cf_chl_f_tk=gXAwai7Pq3x0xP8.GEc_YibmK5Vz0ExB5115V_EdsoY-1739792032-1.0.1.1-TSmUsh9BU69pd1LHRqChWlm9g.Thizz7AcRMuDIW7g0",md: "meWik9t_SwLJIr3gdqb.IqUc0jFDYPUDFdb49JkKgic-1739792032-1.2.1.1-LnBgpyG5FnaolNchwM4bz_MBxvSfqkV7wRm_DZYAPN3tVqUhb..AjOOkwRP0vF9XSBOms6xLoi4ny.dCmjAEtVzJ52YoT4XYneopZjQDYSO26xYgyLnzsRKcrUzRk8ynwX3kgy_vlnNADyAlgJk4L00Gsx.ECfcvgUBBZgTieGuLjvmvXm.0L_vqg_v7Xa_dYxAp12PViFdI90miWxsn4lsn4iBTDhCzrBulS85zQGeVENqMZ1YBu8HYz8EUCmn.O8FmP3p95aICykUfXKhpT7hOz9W4BYxLsh2Njwz4j6Fbc5fyRqxTaLF8WkPRu7kLr_QP.VI7kheyuwfXcDRDPt1TFfxRqQnUEakSltiIs9BXSlUHsug0mIZMigfNPMo8MM7MofCTnr2HCM8JoLSEJUrfBns9ff.Ri1L1cEZsEPCJ8Jpxta6dNbLIrpdHYSdmS.vrYQ.SaryO2grnTX5Oc0wfu3BKuqRUrtnpI.a9AEMLOwauNTUwFVzJqN6qqcybtg4Dg6zTbSvSqZlFGtQItQ92mse.HYDLFL_376hehmI1l7ENIK9.ZKYnkVj.yz2vIEB2WT2HB24Za814Zez1giFud254BsGOkExqRmzxPIYAzBb9edB3cbYRZH0RRTigUnUqvqXlEZE338MoFQ8mrmewnIj2FqhRAdXugxHcqsfotB8V_LXq.4Eb93OgJEm_C89otT0dTDokJxINg5kKloDnjW7mStOg8CqbZU7_VkTnpQF1Tn.UWIxVogOGt68DtLGWnjgzdlHVyM4sI0RKtG1TYHWIpM26TjA1TB1rqQA4qpsCvTjM4agGotuNfqghDg4IHq0OHjdUi_YeP1ADc1M9BL7vjAwrBAipPN_Mpph2_HMc.jHpIU80aH2XP.0uVh081k6dh7S8UNX5IRhig.57JwnpZfcZ0rLtJwiX9pPAbNb1lkyKWysw2x_f0AsaepAVEqRMtwqK77MoyYFvfx4X4af2LXrgWbMNf7IxADcFPxt2BJuo8LHHffqgqCAewBagEDpJB4H.RhG48lsJd7Ektc4gv.enYFQ6rOWY31692ZT63cWxgqP57p_pBoj2tHPwAHJzcMCCWFicARgrAyXkaMXZWd_pb1EzKw2HxCl.6RZhDLiaod1pof0JDJCt6bGhM_smsSarCCpx06eB7iCIKT.u65bSqeaNzsSNavp5XkWjYR6d2OKAIg3PAAsd8H.WCycpF_n2ArCtcQrG3ZeHQB6WDczsLHu8Tc3x0ivoHJJSCgUKBGa__s0GluXT2cXbI_TewWdd8Id7MzXp4nOU6rtP8OkZRG9RkFfhQQpglq5CUacaY5ikW7bk75mZ.tgXIuQrSL.MxK0tVOgNCRnrzvNQ.w1LWABXzmRy0RXz6ZLGUNwdIEr0gbwsVPE6LHk4rz4Uduei9JX1GDZ65IhMhCRttZbd6I6_dxOmTdOwdlOXZQQ9UpWc79D3HcxmfmhBglwHTXmgLJzdMJQZdgGc8WtXQETJAxkTwDv3mTHCqGddVHiD7gORxJrP2Xq0PaH2Xh3E2L5wEbMJmSyZeHg8Wyny3uA41fyGCAWMtWs5AKB_qnUOkmOEWRmbpHG.fyxTmC3q34ifva83fTAA_r9cIwmqeymh1lwK0MpBAg3PvjVdszvsBXq74knceuHOJUWOvH1IIOlpTKp.GK6N.XAPfM31O1jV6yV_ePxPi.V39D6_jrPgXc.HqSnmAdnCAksX.qi6DNLBQL4bZLlLHZoK9s4Q4.lbl0Zs2eRoa1e6K0zguSe4CT8A3rRkWDDL952wvkSzdsgIqK9NTcy._bZ_k11nZUw.Oz6ZuiVk11lKDYqq2dL0fmJWpndCtvhvO_n1VvWeCeHyGR9GKTZqCOBD6g3GOomxb5Rt2dOvn3sTcEiV2gYcCcnnVIhOMQpv7tqHfUsKuA8fI61yRCdvAZwzTJgfiLFEUOeCDGtcFQmdd4HGjG8UAC2YwpzCRBzl",mdrd: "uD6c9LRwPc.K9qPjYIEp4ltqzxhhnKTZxEOKAQdSrMU-1739792032-1.2.1.1-w0chhZhtIKw0UQm2F.wH4BMF8tZS1SWfsFy.XRqDJAxDkycCRbrUaSSzYVYTPtaq.sjT1.rhWNM1C5PrvA_hGOeoLFq6tcX_dePGX2An_C7sdLFkj7B5pV5R3Lz7MeTlEl0rpWEpbUyBsmXjRc89eX.XCsyifMNh.4Mq1B1ljm_V6AU8qi6VYyAITEPJPrr83LxHjEWeHkElW20whegbVAXGZfJpXEivyDXrb50.WXK7GrcZIBkpMZnuJhyTvC3lN86F9t7gNb8NoBEw9sUqdeiAZhcsss4xuFEhWSS6AFzoyEnXaP.x96GUTK2kK30rzuc4q3wAUuEDt5o9fwDUPkBrumMyDizKAS1P4wp8cIS3gsHoIKPeSEw789CDGlBulIqLfh8VHm6AG_Lmy__l7B5LPbMVy5QTCaSs155udR1x4ssKdr_6QtDc5tTmq4pITXmxlr3Wfa.lKAKPbtYn8HM5V2X5tW4z2gwwUu35NpXOB_eWiaLoj3wqhvRSXdaD3qFUl8gvZgRAFq0IsGs3sYMWeDliVgTLppEvK1raGw3sBayPamIOGynL0zWW_hUcVOWSLSzHwTzvDRVhPgmGwFOQO2K_PAr3zF6Xd5fO4YajKrseZtc_lvZ8g_UMVBz59nAyAGzbD7iuKDq._HFLGrp85FbvvyD3MhXjtRCPGmPB1uA692zCSkZCMzJ31sq0jzu2.kyQN9W5DxN9WnJbyny7_.SOXeajHW4uiAhCqrdJko1jrt1bwFGGz1WEowmlzPFeiF1Pouu9cSpuc4rQnug6VTfEwN2arBo0r.4B6MPI7wytjlWIPZlX7n89UxvgR.MwBwW1XxgxA25d_QVCXuZFaNXvGFYWzy257psM4JCiAD4rXUQINcRlvQECKVxzpNclE1XdmeB1FPyxOt1TV3m6JI.OQQ2rF7RanvEAYJ8DqJuOMO4XH7OMiTBHKK0zbNNcpoLvpQIManhvKi5rYQF3cgBPCAqSdr9R_JyixHcQEYPAx6fB9YVCTUMYapZtHAD83pFqSBFTtb4vDCSabxOquaTAuMJgr9477m2YUnzif2BVpddIfaecoJBn2XfxlTxNkDKaxHQprYY7ET3Gd11chdMrbbyzI.oVNYOimxFuQSrnY9rq_HiNUFov.pkprexTwsP8xi4wSyycIN.OH._UYXNUb.vbTtjICSgyCCRN_JKv0DzTcxWbpf84R0ubwbzemLMH4lmLT5grnfFdKERCEy6UDyYWfpGynORp7M.ahAykZUi2N_5Cp4tJQ9zmOx1rrtoEeB8dHNjpg26KplBSdpLeIbacle4l7Dg_vu4pCdp8ldLeQ_L5pGodqn8N7UvXTBOLRJTxinAA9YK_QNP4gZf8WVtC1qen5_s_TYPU2ELwZx1K6NLi6MABWI.s_AgYn2nwxsr77Qu9wzAJC9iZgSnmjhOGwfx7YhT4b1T9aAF6da42EW4inbZqGFpFky7jblZoMZyMTrCjYZSWrmCnO..jMw2XO4SEuPDyo15m.mA9Xwx7vMbmkDGTzDlO7AjPmvb7CIAPWabkugFEs6H4itGqyo4HOfbKBuAU03FWuiHVtOeIYJThPsJgmRPn_rC5nNOVmaYJ2FssNTIA2Ys_dUm4iU1Vtmyg0rUJcjnbTWKR30V0.aVVk1Xa0rfAce6GQVsVxjTkBV8zL6Aa0_T9uLON_a8T9_.OHrwHXv8ua2JlZpbwa6Se94pUtstl_krvusRz_K2Hy55XLWJ1hl8l86CVE0KiGIzQUj_8TzARrs4.udBgu45UZBbmZDtRrNaYtdOzu0cX7fs7vNEubq5EpTYjHvTorm4C.eY2wn9MQH3RQztXK6020W3OQ_RC53jreY_OmzdednMCz4zFTD9M3m0xyh_uBrMOX2gNvJQtirPiTsnbFsO4cs_Dgr8G.De4m_2eHSoaRjOb.xhlj2w5kuc.GiHCVhoHxbbmlvG2Y6ASE9Zhg7XxpRdQF2PG"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135770d3e4e9e20';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=social%20dilemma&page=3&__cf_chl_rt_tk=gXAwai7Pq3x0xP8.GEc_YibmK5Vz0ExB5115V_EdsoY-1739792032-1.0.1.1-TSmUsh9BU69pd1LHRqChWlm9g.Thizz7AcRMuDIW7g0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>