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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hydrodiffusion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrodiffusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Permeabla_och_semipermeabla_membran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Permeabla_och_semipermeabla_membran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Permeabla och semipermeabla membran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Permeabla_och_semipermeabla_membran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koncentrationsgradient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koncentrationsgradient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Koncentrationsgradient</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koncentrationsgradient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Diffusion</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 79 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusie" title="Diffusie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Diffusie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="انتشار – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتشار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuziya" title="Diffuziya – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Diffuziya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8" title="ব্যাপন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্যাপন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Дыфузія – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дыфузія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Дыфузія – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дыфузія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дифузия – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дифузия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difuzija" title="Difuzija – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Difuzija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difusi%C3%B3" title="Difusió – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Difusió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Диффузи – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Диффузи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difuze" title="Difuze – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Difuze" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Diffusion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Diffusion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difusioon" title="Difusioon – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Difusioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%87%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Διάχυση – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διάχυση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Diffusion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difusi%C3%B3n_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Difusión (física) – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Difusión (física)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difuzo" title="Difuzo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Difuzo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difusio" title="Difusio – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Difusio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="پدیده انتشار – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پدیده انتشار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_de_la_mati%C3%A8re" title="Diffusion de la matière – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Diffusion de la matière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idirleathadh" title="Idirleathadh – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Idirleathadh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difusi%C3%B3n" title="Difusión – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Difusión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%95%EC%82%B0" title="확산 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="확산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Դիֆուզիա – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դիֆուզիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="विसरण – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विसरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difuzija" title="Difuzija – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Difuzija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difusi" title="Difusi – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Difusi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Diffusion" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-diffusion" title="I-diffusion – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-diffusion" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveim" title="Sveim – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sveim" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusione_di_materia" title="Diffusione di materia – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diffusione di materia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A2" title="פעפוע – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פעפוע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhifusi" title="Dhifusi – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dhifusi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ಪ್ರಸರಣೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರಸರಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="დიფუზია – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიფუზია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Диффузия – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Диффузия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difizyon" title="Difizyon – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Difizyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Диффузия – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Диффузия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusio" title="Diffusio – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Diffusio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dif%C5%ABzija" title="Difūzija – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Difūzija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difuzija" title="Difuzija – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Difuzija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diff%C3%BAzi%C3%B3" title="Diffúzió – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Diffúzió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Расејување – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Расејување" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="അന്തർവ്യാപനം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്തർവ്യാപനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="დიფუზია – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დიფუზია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peresapan" title="Peresapan – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peresapan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusie" title="Diffusie – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Diffusie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%A1%E6%95%A3" title="拡散 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="拡散" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusjon" title="Diffusjon – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Diffusjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusjon" title="Diffusjon – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Diffusjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qirimbisa_(diffusion)" title="Qirimbisa (diffusion) – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Qirimbisa (diffusion)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuziya" title="Diffuziya – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Diffuziya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3_(%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8)" title="ਪ੍ਰਸਰਣ (ਵਿਗਿਆਨ) – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਸਰਣ (ਵਿਗਿਆਨ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyfuzja" title="Dyfuzja – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dyfuzja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difus%C3%A3o_molecular" title="Difusão molecular – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Difusão molecular" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difuziune" title="Difuziune – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Difuziune" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Диффузия – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Диффузия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difuzion" title="Difuzion – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Difuzion" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="විසරණය – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විසරණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Diffusion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dif%C3%BAzia_(fyzika)" title="Difúzia (fyzika) – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Difúzia (fyzika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difuzija" title="Difuzija – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Difuzija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion – somaliska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Diffusion" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%B5%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95" title="بڵاوبوونەوە – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بڵاوبوونەوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Дифузија – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дифузија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difuzija" title="Difuzija – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Difuzija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuusio" title="Diffuusio – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Diffuusio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பரவல் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பரவல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="వ్యాపనము – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వ్యాపనము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88" title="การแพร่ – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การแพร่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dif%C3%BCzyon" title="Difüzyon – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Difüzyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Дифузія – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дифузія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="انتشار (طبیعیات) – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انتشار (طبیعیات)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khu%E1%BA%BFch_t%C3%A1n" title="Khuếch tán – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khuếch tán" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difusyon" title="Difusyon – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Difusyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%A9%E6%95%A3%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="扩散作用 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="扩散作用" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%93%B4%E6%95%A3" title="擴散 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="擴散" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%A9%E6%95%A3%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="扩散作用 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="扩散作用" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q163214#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diffusion" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Diffusion" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Surface_diffusion_hopping.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Surface_diffusion_hopping.gif/144px-Surface_diffusion_hopping.gif" decoding="async" width="144" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Surface_diffusion_hopping.gif/216px-Surface_diffusion_hopping.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Surface_diffusion_hopping.gif 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption>Diffusion på en kristallyta</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Diffusion_(1).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Diffusion_%281%29.png/250px-Diffusion_%281%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Diffusion_%281%29.png/375px-Diffusion_%281%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Diffusion_%281%29.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption>Utjämning av koncentrationsskillnader genom slumpvandring</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Diffusion</b> (av <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinets</a> <i>diffusio</i>, av <i>diffundere</i>, "utbreda") är den spontana spridningsprocess som äger rum när något, oftast <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gaser</a> eller <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4tskor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vätskor">vätskor</a>, med en egenskap skilt från omgivningen sprids, blandas och jämnas ut. Ofta orsakas diffusion av något slags <a href="/wiki/Brownsk_r%C3%B6relse" title="Brownsk rörelse">slumpvandring</a>. </p><p>Ett exempel på detta är när <a href="/wiki/Natriumklorid" title="Natriumklorid">salt</a> sprider sig jämnt i en lösning. Fenomenet har också en speciell roll inom <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologin</a>. När <a href="/wiki/Cell" title="Cell">celler</a> kommer i kontakt med saltlösningar bidrar diffusionen till att saltkoncentrationen jämnas ut genom att vatten antingen tas upp eller frigörs ur cellen, då <a href="/wiki/Cellmembran" title="Cellmembran">cellmembran</a> i regel inte släpper igenom stora molekyler eller <a href="/wiki/Jon" title="Jon">joner</a>. Diffusionen över ett cellmembran kräver ingen energi och processen kallas därför för passiv transport. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gasdiffusion">Gasdiffusion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffusion&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Gasdiffusion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffusion&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Gasdiffusion"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Att gaser av olika täthet blandas med varandra, trots att detta innebär att tyngdpunkten höjs, iakttogs redan tidigt av <a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a>. Diffusionen beror i detta fall på gasmolekylernas rörelser. Gaserna består nämligen av <a href="/wiki/Molekyl" title="Molekyl">molekyler</a> som rör sig snabbt i alla riktningar. När en lättare gas, till exempel <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4tgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vätgas">vätgas</a>, befinner sig ovanför en tyngre, till exempel <a href="/wiki/Koldioxid" title="Koldioxid">koldioxid</a>, så flyttar sig vätgasmolekylerna, genom sin inneboende rörlighet, in bland koldioxidmolekylerna, och omvänt. Fastän gasmolekylernas rörelser är mycket snabba, sker blandningen inte hastigt. För när till exempel en vätemolekyl hamnar bland koldioxidmolekylerna stöter den mycket snart på någon koldioxidmolekyl, som stöter emot vätemolekylen och ändrar dess riktning. </p><p>Enligt den <a href="/wiki/Kinetiska_gasteorin" title="Kinetiska gasteorin">kinetiska gasteorin</a> är gasernas diffusionshastighet liksom deras inre friktion och <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rmeledningsf%C3%B6rm%C3%A5ga" title="Värmeledningsförmåga">värmeledningsförmåga</a> beroende av gasmolekylernas <a href="/wiki/Fria_medelv%C3%A4gl%C3%A4ngden" title="Fria medelväglängden">fria medelväglängd</a> (den genomsnittliga sträcka som molekylerna hinner tillryggalägga mellan kollisionerna). Den fria medelväglängden är i sin tur omvänt proportionell mot gasens täthet. Beträffande gasernas utströmningshastighet har den skotske kemisten och fysikern <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graham" title="Thomas Graham">Thomas Graham</a> formulerat den lag som säger att gaser med olika täthet diffunderar i en och samma gas under samma <a href="/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur">temperatur</a> och tryck, med en hastighet, som är omvänt proportionell mot kvadratrötterna ur deras täthet. Om till exempel vätgasens täthet antas vara ett, är <a href="/wiki/Syrgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrgas">syrgasens</a> täthet sexton. Enligt lagen diffunderar alltså vätgasen fyra gånger snabbare än syrgasen. Gaser kan också diffundera genom porösa väggar med ytterst fina porer, till exempel bränd lera (tegel), <a href="/wiki/Gips" title="Gips">gips</a> och även <a href="/wiki/%C3%84gg" title="Ägg">äggskal</a>. Även för dessa fall gäller Grahams lag. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydrodiffusion">Hydrodiffusion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffusion&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Hydrodiffusion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffusion&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Hydrodiffusion"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vätskors diffusion beror, liksom gasernas, på molekylernas rörelser och kan ske genom skiljeväggar, om dessa är sådana att vätskorna kan tränga in i dem och spridas där. Bäst studerad är den så kallade hydrodiffusionen, det vill säga lösta ämnens utbredning i lösningsmedlen. Om man försiktigt skiktar det rena lösningsmedlet över en lösning, så utbreder sig det lösta ämnet i hela vätskan tills koncentrationen på alla ställen är lika stora. Detta fenomen kan förklaras och beräknas kvantitativt med hjälp av <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">van't Hofs</a> lära om lösta ämnens <a href="/wiki/Osmotiskt_tryck" title="Osmotiskt tryck">osmotiska tryck</a>. Vid hydrodiffusion, liksom vid gasers diffusion, är ämnenas strävan att utjämna tryckolikheter den drivande kraften. </p><p>Gaser diffunderar mycket snabbt, på grund av att deras inre <a href="/wiki/Friktion" title="Friktion">friktion</a> är mycket liten. Men diffusionen i lösningar går mycket långsamt, på grund av det stora friktionsmotstånd som de lösta molekylerna måste övervinna för att förflytta sig i lösningsmedlet. Man har till exempel beräknat att det behövs en kraft av ungefär 10 000 miljoner <a href="/wiki/Newton_(enhet)" title="Newton (enhet)">newton</a> för att förflytta en <a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">mol</a> (342 gram) <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6rsocker" class="mw-redirect" title="Rörsocker">rörsocker</a>, löst i vatten, med en hastighet av 1 cm/sekund. Friktionen mot lösningsmedlet är hos olika ämnen proportionell mot kvadratroten ur deras molekylvikt. Denna friktion minskar med stigande temperatur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Permeabla_och_semipermeabla_membran">Permeabla och semipermeabla membran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffusion&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Permeabla och semipermeabla membran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffusion&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Permeabla och semipermeabla membran"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Osmose2tolk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Osmose2tolk.jpg/200px-Osmose2tolk.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Osmose2tolk.jpg/300px-Osmose2tolk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Osmose2tolk.jpg/400px-Osmose2tolk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Schematisk teckning av effekterna av diffusion genom ett semipermeabelt membran.</figcaption></figure> <p>Man kan skilja lösningar och rena vätskor genom väggar med olika genomtränglighet. Vissa väggar släpper igenom såväl lösningsmedlets molekyler som de lösta molekylerna av kristalliserande ämnen (Grahams "kristalloider"). Sådana väggar är till exempel <a href="/wiki/Pergamentpapper" title="Pergamentpapper">pergamentpapper</a> och oxblåsa, som låter socker- och saltmolekyler passera. Dessa väggar (eller hinnor) är däremot ogenomträngliga för kolloidala ämnen, som proteiner och gummi, antingen beroende på att dessa ämnens stora molekyler inte kan tränga igenom väggens fina porer eller också för att kolloiderna inte bildar egentliga lösningar, utan endast fina suspensioner. </p><p>Oxblåsor och liknande <i><b>permeabla</b></i> väggar används till apparater, benämnda <a href="/wiki/Dialys" title="Dialys">dialysatorer</a>, för att åtskilja kristalloider och kolloider, till exempel för att utskilja <a href="/wiki/Salter" title="Salter">salter</a> från proteinlösningar. Man spänner den dialyserande hinnan som botten under en glascylinder och fyller denna med proteinlösningen, varefter cylindern ställes i ett större kärl med rent, helst rinnande vatten, som tar upp det utdiffunderande saltet. Sådana väggar spelar en tekniskt viktig roll och används till exempel i den elektrokemiska industrin, eftersom de gör det möjligt för den elektriska strömmen att passera. </p><p>En annan sorts väggar kallas <i><b>semipermeabla</b></i>, eftersom de släpper igenom endast lösningsmedlets molekyler, men inte det lösta ämnets. Bland sådana väggar bör särskilt nämnas många hinnor (<a href="/wiki/Membran" title="Membran">membran</a>) i levande djur och växter, särskilt den levande <a href="/wiki/Protoplasma" title="Protoplasma">protoplasmans</a> yttersta skikt (<a href="/wiki/Cellmembran" title="Cellmembran">cellmembranet</a>). Bland artificiella membran kan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrocyankoppar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrocyankoppar [inte skriven än]">ferrocyankoppar</a> nämnas. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Traubes_cell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traubes cell [inte skriven än]">Traubes cell</a> består av detta ämne. Alla dessa väggar är dock semipermeabla endast för vissa bestämda ämnen, medan andra kan tränga igenom dem. Diffusionen av vatten genom ett semipermeabelt membran, kallas <a href="/wiki/Osmos" title="Osmos">osmos</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Koncentrationsgradient">Koncentrationsgradient</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffusion&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Koncentrationsgradient" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffusion&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Koncentrationsgradient"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Om ett ämne kontinuerligt produceras eller skickas ut från en punkt eller ett område och sedan får diffundera fritt, kommer <a href="/wiki/Koncentration" title="Koncentration">koncentrationen</a> att vara högst närmast källan och avta ju längre bort man kommer. Rent matematiskt är det skillnaden mellan hög och låg koncentration, skillnaden mellan fullständig- och delvis diffusion, som kallas koncentrationsgradient, och är ett mått på hur snabb diffusionen är. Inom <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologin</a> används dock begreppet för fenomenet med koncentrationsskillnader beroende på avstånd till en viss punkt, vilket har stor betydelse inom bland annat <a href="/wiki/Utvecklingsbiologi" title="Utvecklingsbiologi">utvecklingsbiologi</a>. Ett ämne som verkar olika på <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryonal</a> utveckling och särskilt vad gäller utveckling av <a href="/wiki/Organ" title="Organ">organ</a>, med avseende på var i förhållande till koncentrationsgradienten en viss cell befinner sig alltså hur hög koncentration av ämnet som cellen utsätts för, kallas <a href="/wiki/Morfogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Morfogen">morfogen</a>. En av de mer kända morfogenerna är genen och proteinet <a href="/wiki/Sonic_hedgehog" title="Sonic hedgehog">sonic hedgehog</a> som finns hos alla <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A4ggdjur" title="Däggdjur">däggdjur</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffusion&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffusion&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brownsk_r%C3%B6relse" title="Brownsk rörelse">Brownsk rörelse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusionsekvationen" class="mw-redirect" title="Diffusionsekvationen">Diffusionsekvationen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ficks_lag" title="Ficks lag">Ficks lag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktiv_transport" title="Aktiv transport">Aktiv transport</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffusion&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffusion&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfbf/0217.html">Diffusion</a> i <i><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i> (andra upplagan, 1907)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffusion&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diffusion&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Diffusion" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Diffusion">Diffusion</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Diffusion" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Diffusion">Bilder & media</a></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060110032351/http://school.chem.umu.se/Experiment/135">Umeå universitet</a> - Experiment för skolan angående jämvikt och diffusion</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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