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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etimologie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istorie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Istorie </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Istorie subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-India_antică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India_antică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 India antică </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India_antică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India_medievală" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India_medievală"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 India medievală </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India_medievală-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India_în_epoca_modernă_timpurie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India_în_epoca_modernă_timpurie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 India în epoca modernă timpurie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India_în_epoca_modernă_timpurie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India_modernă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India_modernă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 India modernă </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India_modernă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geografie </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geografie subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Clima </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidrografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidrografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Hidrografia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidrografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversitatea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversitatea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Biodiversitatea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversitatea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politică_și_administrație" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politică_și_administrație"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Politică și administrație </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politică_și_administrație-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politică și administrație subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politică_și_administrație-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_federale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_federale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 State federale </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_federale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teritorii_federale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teritorii_federale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Teritorii federale </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teritorii_federale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Economie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Demografie </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demografie subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Limbile_vorbite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limbile_vorbite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Limbile vorbite </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limbile_vorbite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Religia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultură" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultură"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Cultură </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultură-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Vezi și </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Note </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referințe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referințe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Referințe </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referințe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Referințe subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Referințe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Bibliografie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lectură_suplimentară" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lectură_suplimentară"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Lectură suplimentară </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lectură_suplimentară-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Legături externe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Comută cuprinsul </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">India</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 301 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-301" aria-hidden="true" > 301 limbi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Индиа – abhază" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Индиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhază" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Индие – adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Индие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Indië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%85%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="ህንድ – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ህንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indea" title="Indea – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Indea" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="الهند – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الهند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%97%DC%A2%DC%95%DC%98" title="ܗܢܕܘ – aramaică" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܗܢܕܘ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaică" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="لهند – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لهند" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="الهند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الهند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4" title="ভাৰত – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাৰত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inda" title="Inda – atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Inda" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – avară" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avară" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barata" title="Barata – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Barata" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indya" title="Indya – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Indya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هیندیستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیندیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Һиндостан – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һиндостан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Indėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Indėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indya" title="Indya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Indya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Індыя – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Індыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Індыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Індыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Hindi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindia" title="Hindia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Hindia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="အေင်ဒိယခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အေင်ဒိယခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4" title="ভারত – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="རྒྱ་གར། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྒྱ་གར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4" title="ভারত – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ভারত" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%89%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95" title="ᨕᨗᨊᨉᨗᨕ – bugineză" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨕᨗᨊᨉᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugineză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Энэдхэг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Энэдхэг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ng-d%C3%B4" title="Éng-dô – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Éng-dô" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="ХӀинди – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ХӀинди" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indya" title="Indya – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Indya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A2%E1%8E%A0" title="ᎢᏂᏗᎢᎠ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎢᏂᏗᎢᎠ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ھیندستان – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیندستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ndistan" title="İndistan – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İndistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – cașubiană" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="cașubiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Їндїꙗ – slavonă" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їндїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Инди – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Инди" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indi%C9%9Bn" title="Indiɛn – dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Indiɛn" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind%C4%B1stan" title="Hindıstan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hindıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiska" title="Indiska – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Indiska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7" title="އިންޑިޔާ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިންޑިޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A2" title="རྒྱ་གར – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="རྒྱ་གར" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ινδία – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barato" title="Barato – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Barato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_%C3%8Dndia" title="La Índia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="La Índia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هند – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinndi" title="Hinndi – fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Hinndi" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intia" title="Intia – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idia" title="Idia – fijiană" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Idia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde" title="Inde – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Inde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enda" title="Enda – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Enda" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – friulană" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yndia" title="Yndia – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Yndia" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_India" title="An India – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An India" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ndiya" title="İndiya – găgăuză" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İndiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="găgăuză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/End" title="End – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="End" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_h-Innseachan" title="Na h-Innseachan – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na h-Innseachan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هند – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌰 – gotică" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotică" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4" title="ભારત – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારત" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Injey" title="Yn Injey – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Injey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiya" title="Indiya – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Indiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin-thu" title="Yin-thu – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yin-thu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C4%AAnia" title="ʻĪnia – hawaiiană" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻĪnia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95" title="הודו – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הודו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiska" title="Indiska – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Indiska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/End" title="End – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="End" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հնդկաստան – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնդկաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հնդկաստան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հնդկաստան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndia" title="Ndia – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ndia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiaq" title="Initiaq – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Initiaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5" title="ХӀиндиче – ingușă" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ХӀиндиче" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingușă" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indland" title="Indland – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Indland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%83%E1%93%90%E1%91%8E%E1%90%8A" title="ᐃᓐᑎᐊ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᓐᑎᐊ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="インド – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xingu%27e" title="xingu'e – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xingu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indhi" title="Indhi – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Indhi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ინდოეთი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდოეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindstan" title="Hindstan – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Hindstan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhend" title="Lhend – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Lhend" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Индиэ – kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Индиэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90nd%C9%A9" title="Ɛndɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛndɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndiya" title="Ndiya – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ndiya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – congoleză" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="congoleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Үндістан – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үндістан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A5%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6" title="ឥណ្ឌា – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឥណ្ឌា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4" title="ಭಾರತ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84" title="인도 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – karaceai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaceai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%90%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ہِندوستان – cașmiră" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ہِندوستان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cașmiră" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eynda" title="Eynda – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Eynda" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гьиндусттан – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Гьиндусттан" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barat" title="Barat – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Barat" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D" title="ປະເທດອິນເດຍ – laoțiană" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອິນເດຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%86deja" title="Iņdeja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Iņdeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%E1%B8%8Dia" title="Inḍia – madureză" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Inḍia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madureză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Индий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Индий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAnia" title="Īnia – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Īnia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Индија – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Индија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ഇന്ത്യ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Энэтхэг – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Энэтхэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indja" title="Indja – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Indja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အိန္ဒိယနိုင်ငံ – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိန္ဒိယနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Индия Мастор – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Индия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هند – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innia" title="Innia – napolitană" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Innia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ende" title="Înde – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Înde" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – sotho de nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3_W%C3%B3naan%C3%ADd%C4%99%CC%81%C4%99%CC%81%CA%BC_Bits%C4%AF%CA%BC_Yisht%C5%82izhii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Tó Wónaanídę́ę́ʼ Bitsįʼ Yishtłizhii Bikéyah – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tó Wónaanídę́ę́ʼ Bitsįʼ Yishtłizhii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indii" title="Indii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Indii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiyaa" title="Indiyaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Indiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4" title="ଭାରତ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Инди – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Инди" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਭਾਰਤ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde" title="Inde – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Inde" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="بھارت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھارت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هند – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inriya" title="Inriya – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inriya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – romanșă" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanșă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat" title="Bharat – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Bharat" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuhindi" title="Ubuhindi – kirundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubuhindi" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="kirundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – aromână" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromână" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Індія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Індія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuhinde" title="Ubuhinde – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubuhinde" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="भारतम् – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भारतम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Ииндийэ – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ииндийэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B" title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cndia" title="Ìndia – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ìndia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innia" title="Innia – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Innia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%80%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ڀارت – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڀارت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – sami de nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C3%AFi" title="Indïi – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Indïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းဢိၼ်းတီးယႃး – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢိၼ်းတီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඉන්දියාව – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉන්දියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="بھارت – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بھارت" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igitia" title="Igitia – samoană" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Igitia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – sami inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindiya" title="Hindiya – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hindiya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Индија – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Индија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiakondre" title="Indiakondre – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Indiakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/INdiya" title="INdiya – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="INdiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – sesotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sesotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhindi" title="Uhindi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uhindi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indyje" title="Indyje – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Indyje" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="இந்தியா – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்தியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4" title="ಭಾರತ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭಾರತ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%9F%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%A2%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%96%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%95%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B0" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥤᥢᥰ ᥖᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥤᥢᥰ ᥖᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82" title="భారతదేశం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భారతదేశం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҳиндустон – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳиндустон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศอินเดีย – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอินเดีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%85%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B2" title="ህንዲ – tigrină" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ህንዲ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrină" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiya" title="Indiya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Indiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindyston" title="Hindyston – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hindyston" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBInitia" title="ʻInitia – tongană" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻInitia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiya" title="Indiya – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Indiya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Һиндстан – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һиндстан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%99In%C4%ABtia" title="’Inītia – tahitiană" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="’Inītia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%89%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ھىندىستان – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھىندىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Індія – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="بھارت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھارت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hindiston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cndia" title="Ìndia – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ìndia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indii" title="Indii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Indii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99" title="Ấn Độ – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ấn Độ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Indië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lind%C3%A4n" title="Lindän – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lindän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde" title="Inde – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Inde" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/End" title="End – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="End" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – calmucă" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmucă" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIndia" title="IIndia – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IIndia" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ინდოეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდოეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אינדיע – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינדיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dnd%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Índíà – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Índíà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yindu" title="Yindu – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yindu" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%80%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵀⵉⵏⴷⵓⵙⵜⴰⵏ – tamazight standard marocană" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵀⵉⵏⴷⵓⵙⵜⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight standard marocană" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cn-t%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Ìn-tō͘ – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ìn-tō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="dezambiguizare">Acest articol se referă la o țară din sudul Asiei. Pentru alte sensuri, vedeți <a href="/wiki/India_(dezambiguizare)" class="mw-disambig" title="India (dezambiguizare)">India (dezambiguizare)</a>.</div> <table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet harta" style="background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">India</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background: linear-gradient( to right, rgba(204, 210, 217, 1), rgba(204, 210, 217, 1), rgba(204, 210, 217, 1), rgba(156, 163, 170, 1)) repeat-y right; font-size: 130%; line-height: 1.2em; padding-top: 0;">Republic of India (<a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a>) भारत (<a href="/wiki/Limba_hindi" title="Limba hindi">hindi</a>) India (<a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a>) भारत गणराज्य (<a href="/wiki/Limba_hindi" title="Limba hindi">hindi</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><table align="center" style="width:100%; background:none;"><tbody><tr><td width="58%"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapelul Indiei"><img alt="Drapelul Indiei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/125px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/188px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/250px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stema Indiei[*]"><img alt="Stema Indiei[*]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/85px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/128px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/170px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Drapelul_Indiei" title="Drapelul Indiei">Drapelul Indiei</a></td><td align="center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171869" class="extiw" title="d:Q171869">Stema Indiei</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stema_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stema Indiei — pagină inexistentă"></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><a href="/wiki/Deviz%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Deviză">Deviză</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satyameva_Jayate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satyameva Jayate — pagină inexistentă">Satyameva Jayate</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680277" class="extiw" title="d:Q680277">d</a>) <a href="/wiki/Sanscrit%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanscrită">Sanscrită</a>: सत्यमेव जयते /sətyəmeːvə ɟəjəteː/ (Doar adevărul învinge)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><div style="margin:auto;text-align:center"><div style="margin-bottom:20"><a href="/wiki/Imn" title="Imn">Imn</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jana_Gana_Mana" title="Jana Gana Mana">Jana Gana Mana</a> Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div> <div style="margin:auto"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="64" data-mwtitle="Jana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Jana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source 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class="" style="text-align:center;;"><table><tbody><tr><td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:India_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/290px-India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/435px-India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/580px-India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td><div style="position:relative;top:0.3em"></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Geografie</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Suprafață</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"> </td></tr><tr><th style=";font-weight: normal;"> - totală</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">3.596.590 km² (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_dup%C4%83_suprafa%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Lista țărilor după suprafață">locul 7</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">Apă</a> (<a href="/wiki/Procentaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Procentaj">%</a>)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">9,56</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cel mai înalt punct</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a> (8.586 m) <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668#P610" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cel mai jos punct</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435109" class="extiw" title="d:Q1435109">Kuttanad</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr>[[Kuttanad (region in Kerala, India)|]] (−2 m) <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668#P1589" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cel mai mare oraș</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> (13.370.447 locuitori)</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Vecini</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză">Republica Populară Chineză</a> <a href="/wiki/Indonezia" title="Indonezia">Indonezia</a> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668#P47" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Fus_orar" title="Fus orar">Fus orar</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> + 5:30</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Populație</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Densitate</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">336,5 loc/km²</td></tr><tr><th style=";"> - Estimare </th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">1442115501 (<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_dup%C4%83_popula%C8%9Bie" title="Lista țărilor după populație">locul 1</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"> - Estimare 2020</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">1.326.093.247</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbi oficiale</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Limba_hindi" title="Limba hindi">limba hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">limba engleză</a> și <a href="/wiki/Lista_limbilor_vorbite_%C3%AEn_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista limbilor vorbite în India">alte 22 de limbi</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Etnonim</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">(masc.) indian, (fem.) indiancă, (pl.) <a href="/wiki/Indieni" class="mw-redirect" title="Indieni">indieni</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Guvernare</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Sistem politic</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Republic%C4%83_federal%C4%83" title="Republică federală">Republică federală</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre%C8%99edinte_al_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Președinte al Indiei — pagină inexistentă">Președinte</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313383" class="extiw" title="d:Q313383">d</a>)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19901232" class="extiw" title="d:Q19901232">Droupadi Murmu</a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Droupadi_Murmu_(politician%C4%83_indian%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Droupadi Murmu (politiciană indiană) — pagină inexistentă"></a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668#P35" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prim-ministru_al_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prim-ministru al Indiei — pagină inexistentă">Prim-ministru</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192711" class="extiw" title="d:Q192711">d</a>)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668#P6" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislativ</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentul_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parlamentul Indiei — pagină inexistentă">Parlamentul Indiei</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695252" class="extiw" title="d:Q695252">d</a>) <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668#P194" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Capitala</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Istorie</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;">Independență</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Economie</th></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Produs_intern_brut" class="mw-redirect" title="Produs intern brut">PIB</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paritatea_puterii_de_cump%C4%83rare" title="Paritatea puterii de cumpărare">PPC</a>)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"> </td></tr><tr><th style=";"> - Total</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">$4,457 trilioane<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"> - Pe cap de locuitor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">$3693</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Produs_intern_brut" class="mw-redirect" title="Produs intern brut">PIB</a> (nominal)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><time datetime="2021">2021</time></td></tr><tr><th style=";"> - Total</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">3.150.306.834.280 de dolar americani<a href="#cite_note-d3051402fac8e7f4a0bc864b5a76e57c-4">[4]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668#P2131" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Coeficientul_lui_Gini" title="Coeficientul lui Gini">Gini</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">foarte mare</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Indicele_dezvolt%C4%83rii_umane" title="Indicele dezvoltării umane">IDU</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668#P1081" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a>0,633</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Valut%C4%83" title="Valută">Monedă</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Rupie_indian%C4%83" title="Rupie indiană">rupie indiană</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Coduri și identificatori</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Cod <a href="/wiki/Comitetul_Olimpic_Interna%C8%9Bional" title="Comitetul Olimpic Internațional">CIO</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">IND <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668#P984" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cod mobil</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">405 404 <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668#P2258" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Prefix telefonic</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">+91</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">ISO 3166-2</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">IN <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668#P297" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Domeniu_na%C8%9Bional_de_nivel_superior" title="Domeniu național de nivel superior">Domeniu Internet</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/.in" title=".in">.in</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><div style="font-size:smaller;text-align:left"></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Prezență online</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/">site web oficial</a> <a class="external text" href="https://hashtags-hub.toolforge.org/India">hasthtag</a></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##ccd2d9 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668" class="extiw" title="d:Q668">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=0">text</a> <a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_%C8%9Aar%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <div class="infobox" style="align:right; padding:0.2em; margins:0em; clear:right;"> <table class="expansion" style="width:24em; background:#f7f8ff; border-collapse:collapse; padding:0em; margins:0em; font-size:83%; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/65px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/98px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/130px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="28" /></a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;">Acest articol conține text indian. Fără suport de afișare corespunzător, se pot vedea semne de întrebare, pătrățele sau alte simboluri în locul caracterelor indiene. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> India, oficial Republica India, este o țară din sudul <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asiei</a>. India se află pe locul 7 în ierarhia țărilor după suprafață, pe locul unu după numărul locuitorilor și este statul democratic cu cei mai mulți locuitori. India are o zonă de <a href="/wiki/Coast%C4%83" class="mw-disambig" title="Coastă">coastă</a> cu o lungime de 7000 de km<a href="#cite_note-indianembassy-6">[6]</a> și granițe cu <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><a href="#endnote_Anone">[notă]</a> la vest, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză">Republica Populară Chineză</a> și <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> la nord-est, și <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> și <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> la est. În <a href="/wiki/Oceanul_Indian" title="Oceanul Indian">Oceanul Indian</a>, ea este adiacentă cu țările insulare <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maldive" title="Maldive">Maldive</a> și <a href="/wiki/Indonezia" title="Indonezia">Indonezia</a>. Cămin al <a href="/wiki/India_antic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="India antică">civilizației văii Indului</a>, centrul a importante drumuri comerciale și vaste imperii, India a jucat un rol major în istoria umanității. Religii precum <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduismul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhismul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budism" title="Budism">Budismul</a> și <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainismul</a> își au originea în India, în timp ce <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamul</a> și <a href="/wiki/Cre%C8%99tinism" title="Creștinism">Creștinismul</a> se bucură de o bogată tradiție aici. <a href="/wiki/Colonie" class="mw-disambig" title="Colonie">Colonizată</a> ca parte a <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Britanic" title="Imperiul Britanic">Imperiului Britanic</a> în <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XIX-lea" title="Secolul al XIX-lea">secolul nouăsprezece</a>, India și-a câștigat <a href="/wiki/Independen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Independență">independența</a> în <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a> ca <a href="/wiki/Na%C8%9Biune" title="Națiune">națiune</a> unificată după un efort susținut depus în această direcție. Atât populația țării, cât și flora și fauna, aspectul geografic și sistemul climatic sunt printre cele mai diversificate din întreaga lume. De asemenea India este țara de origine a <a href="/wiki/Piper" title="Piper">piperului</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Numele India derivă de la cuvântul <a href="/wiki/Ind" class="mw-redirect" title="Ind">Ind</a>, care la rândul lui derivă de la cuvântul <a href="/wiki/Limba_persan%C4%83" title="Limba persană">persan</a> Indù, din cel <a href="/wiki/Limba_sanscrit%C4%83" title="Limba sanscrită">sanscrit</a> Sindhu, sau de la numele istoric local pentru <a href="/wiki/Ind" class="mw-redirect" title="Ind">râul Ind</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxford_English_Dictionary-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Grecia_antic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Grecia antică">Grecii antici</a> se refereau la indieni cu termenul Indoi (Ινδοί), poporul Indului.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuiper201086-8">[8]</a> În <a href="/wiki/Constitu%C8%9Bia" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituția">constituția</a> indiană, precum și în uzul limbilor indiene, pentru India se utilizează cuvântul Bharat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinistry_of_Law_and_Justice_2008-9">[9]</a> Industan, care în persană înseamnă „țara indușilor”, din punct de vedere istoric se referă la nordul Indiei și (până în 1947) la <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, dar este de asemenea utilizat ca sinonim pentru întreaga țară.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaye1997639–640-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorie">Istorie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Istorie">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India_antică">India antică</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: India antică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: India antică">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:118px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:1500-1200_BCE_Rigveda,_manuscript_page_sample_i,_Mandala_1,_Hymn_1_(Sukta_1),_Adhyaya_1,_lines_1.1.1_to_1.1.9,_Sanskrit,_Devanagari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1500-1200_BCE_Rigveda%2C_manuscript_page_sample_i%2C_Mandala_1%2C_Hymn_1_%28Sukta_1%29%2C_Adhyaya_1%2C_lines_1.1.1_to_1.1.9%2C_Sanskrit%2C_Devanagari.jpg/288px-1500-1200_BCE_Rigveda%2C_manuscript_page_sample_i%2C_Mandala_1%2C_Hymn_1_%28Sukta_1%29%2C_Adhyaya_1%2C_lines_1.1.1_to_1.1.9%2C_Sanskrit%2C_Devanagari.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1500-1200_BCE_Rigveda%2C_manuscript_page_sample_i%2C_Mandala_1%2C_Hymn_1_%28Sukta_1%29%2C_Adhyaya_1%2C_lines_1.1.1_to_1.1.9%2C_Sanskrit%2C_Devanagari.jpg/432px-1500-1200_BCE_Rigveda%2C_manuscript_page_sample_i%2C_Mandala_1%2C_Hymn_1_%28Sukta_1%29%2C_Adhyaya_1%2C_lines_1.1.1_to_1.1.9%2C_Sanskrit%2C_Devanagari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1500-1200_BCE_Rigveda%2C_manuscript_page_sample_i%2C_Mandala_1%2C_Hymn_1_%28Sukta_1%29%2C_Adhyaya_1%2C_lines_1.1.1_to_1.1.9%2C_Sanskrit%2C_Devanagari.jpg/576px-1500-1200_BCE_Rigveda%2C_manuscript_page_sample_i%2C_Mandala_1%2C_Hymn_1_%28Sukta_1%29%2C_Adhyaya_1%2C_lines_1.1.1_to_1.1.9%2C_Sanskrit%2C_Devanagari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2791" data-file-height="1150" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:169px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Battle_at_Lanka,_Ramayana,_Udaipur,_1649-53.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Battle_at_Lanka%2C_Ramayana%2C_Udaipur%2C_1649-53.jpg/288px-Battle_at_Lanka%2C_Ramayana%2C_Udaipur%2C_1649-53.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Battle_at_Lanka%2C_Ramayana%2C_Udaipur%2C_1649-53.jpg/432px-Battle_at_Lanka%2C_Ramayana%2C_Udaipur%2C_1649-53.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Battle_at_Lanka%2C_Ramayana%2C_Udaipur%2C_1649-53.jpg/576px-Battle_at_Lanka%2C_Ramayana%2C_Udaipur%2C_1649-53.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="2995" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-color:transparent;color:var(--color-base, #000)">(Sus) Manuscris dinaintea secolului al XIV-lea e.n. din <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a>, care fusese compusă între 1500 și 1200 î.e.n. și transmisă pe cale orală. (Jos) „Bătălia de la Lanka”, o scenă din epopeea sanscrită <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>—compusă între 700 și 200 î.e.n.—a fost ilustrată de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahibdin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahibdin — pagină inexistentă">Sahibdin</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7399614" class="extiw" title="d:Q7399614">d</a>), un artist din secolul al XVII-lea.</div></div></div></div> Acum circa 55.000 de ani, primii oameni moderni, sau <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a>, sosiseră pe subcontinentul indian din Africa, unde evoluaseră anterior.<a href="#cite_note-Dyson2018-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-PetragliaAllchin-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fisher2018-14">[14]</a> Cele mai vechi rămășițe umane cunoscute din <a href="/wiki/Asia_de_Sud" title="Asia de Sud">Asia de Sud</a> datează de circa 30.000 de ani.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetragliaAllchin20076-15">[15]</a> După 6500 î.e.n., au apărut urme ale domesticirii animalelor, cultivării plantelor pentru hrană, construcției de structuri permanente și stocării surplusului agricol în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehrgarh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehrgarh — pagină inexistentă">Mehrgarh</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242148" class="extiw" title="d:Q242148">d</a>) și în alte situri din ceea ce astăzi este <a href="/wiki/Belucistan" title="Belucistan">Balochistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConinghamYoung2015104–105-16">[16]</a> Acestea s-au dezvoltat treptat în <a href="/wiki/Civiliza%C8%9Bia_de_pe_Valea_Indului" title="Civilizația de pe Valea Indului">Civilizația Văii Indului</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKulkeRothermund200421–23-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConinghamYoung2015104–105-16">[16]</a> prima cultură urbană din Asia de Sud,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009181-18">[18]</a> care a înflorit între 2500–1900 î.e.n. în vestul Indiei și în Pakistanul de astăzi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPossehl20032-19">[19]</a> Centrată în jurul unor orașe ca <a href="/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro">Mohenjo-daro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dholavira — pagină inexistentă">Dholavira</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9468" class="extiw" title="d:Q9468">d</a>), și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalibangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalibangan — pagină inexistentă">Kalibangan</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1722226" class="extiw" title="d:Q1722226">d</a>), și bazându-se pe diferite forme de subzistență, civilizația s-a angajat puternic în practica meșteșugurilor și comerțului pe scară largă.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009181-18">[18]</a> În perioada 2000–500 î.e.n., mai multe regiuni ale subcontinentului au făcut tranziția de la culturi <a href="/wiki/Epoca_cuprului" title="Epoca cuprului">calcolitice</a> la <a href="/wiki/Epoca_Fierului" title="Epoca Fierului">Epoca Fierului</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009255-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vede" title="Vede">Vedele</a>, cele mai vechi scripturi asociate cu <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">hinduismul</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009186–187-21">[21]</a> au fost compuse în această perioadă,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitzel200368–69-22">[22]</a> iar istoricii care le-au analizat au concluzionat că a existat o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Civiliza%C8%9Bia_vedic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civilizația vedică — pagină inexistentă">cultură vedică</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215262" class="extiw" title="d:Q215262">d</a>) în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regiunea_Punjab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regiunea Punjab — pagină inexistentă">regiunea Punjab</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169132" class="extiw" title="d:Q169132">d</a>) și în <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A2mpia_Indo-Gangetic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Câmpia Indo-Gangetică — pagină inexistentă">Câmpia Gangetică</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192305" class="extiw" title="d:Q192305">d</a>) superioară.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009255-20">[20]</a> Majoritatea istoricilor consideră și că această perioadă ar fi cuprins mai multe valuri de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Migra%C8%9Bia_indo-arian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Migrația indo-ariană — pagină inexistentă">migrație indo-ariană</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269145" class="extiw" title="d:Q269145">d</a>) în subcontinent dinspre nord-vest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009186–187-21">[21]</a> În această perioadă a apărut <a href="/wiki/Cast%C4%83" title="Castă">sistemul castelor</a>, care a creat o ierarhie de preoți, războinici, și țărani liberi, dar care excludea popoarele indigene etichetându-le ocupațiile drept „impure”.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKulkeRothermund200441–43-23">[23]</a> Pe <a href="/wiki/Dekkan" title="Dekkan">Platoul Deccan</a>, dovezile arheologice din această perioadă sugerează existența unei etape de organizare tribală.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009255-20">[20]</a> În <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudul_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudul Indiei — pagină inexistentă">sudul Indiei</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542146" class="extiw" title="d:Q542146">d</a>), o progresie spre viața sedentară este indicată de numărul mare de monumente <a href="/wiki/Megalit" title="Megalit">megalitice</a> datând din această perioadă,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009250–251-24">[24]</a> precum și de urmele de agricultură, bazine de irigație și tradiții meșteșugărești din zonă.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009250–251-24">[24]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:176px;max-width:176px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:249px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:India_in_250_BCE_Joppen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/India_in_250_BCE_Joppen.jpg/174px-India_in_250_BCE_Joppen.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/India_in_250_BCE_Joppen.jpg/261px-India_in_250_BCE_Joppen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/India_in_250_BCE_Joppen.jpg/348px-India_in_250_BCE_Joppen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2670" data-file-height="3830" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:249px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:India_in_350_CE_Joppen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/India_in_350_CE_Joppen.jpg/170px-India_in_350_CE_Joppen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/India_in_350_CE_Joppen.jpg/255px-India_in_350_CE_Joppen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/India_in_350_CE_Joppen.jpg/340px-India_in_350_CE_Joppen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2630" data-file-height="3845" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:350px;max-width:350px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:225px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Cave_26,_Ajanta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cave_26%2C_Ajanta.jpg/348px-Cave_26%2C_Ajanta.jpg" decoding="async" width="348" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cave_26%2C_Ajanta.jpg/522px-Cave_26%2C_Ajanta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cave_26%2C_Ajanta.jpg/696px-Cave_26%2C_Ajanta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4100" data-file-height="2662" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-color:transparent;color:var(--color-base, #000)">În sens orar din stânga-sus: (a) Hartă a întinderii aproximative a imperiului lui <a href="/wiki/A%C8%99oka" title="Așoka">Ashoka</a>, ca 250 î.e.n.; (b) Harta Indiei, ca 350 e.n.; (c) Peștera 26 din <a href="/wiki/Grotele_Ajanta" title="Grotele Ajanta">complexul rupestru Ajanta</a>, secolul al V-lea e.n.</div></div></div></div> Spre sfârșitul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Civiliza%C8%9Bia_vedic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civilizația vedică — pagină inexistentă">perioadei vedice</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215262" class="extiw" title="d:Q215262">d</a>), prin secolul al VI-lea î.e.n., micile state și uniuni de triburi din Câmpia <a href="/wiki/Gange" title="Gange">Gangelui</a> și din regiunile nord-vestice se consolidaseră în 16 mari oligarhii și monarhii cunoscute drept <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahajanapada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahajanapada — pagină inexistentă">mahajanapadele</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846025" class="extiw" title="d:Q846025">d</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009260–265-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKulkeRothermund200453–54-26">[26]</a> Urbanizarea emergentă a dat naștere unor mișcări religioase non-vedice, dintre care două au devenit religii independente. Jainismul a ieșit în prim plan în timpul vieții exemplarului său, <a href="/wiki/Mahavira" title="Mahavira">Mahavira</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009312–313-27">[27]</a> Budismul, bazat pe învățăturile lui <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a>, a atras adepți din toate clasele sociale cu excepția celei de mijloc; cronica vieții lui Buddha a jucat un rol central în începuturile istoriei scrise a Indiei.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKulkeRothermund200454–56-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein199821-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein199867–68-30">[30]</a> Într-o epocă de avuție urbană crescândă, ambele religii aveau ca ideal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renun%C8%9Barea_la_avere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renunțarea la avere — pagină inexistentă">renunțarea la avere</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664483" class="extiw" title="d:Q6664483">d</a>),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009300-31">[31]</a> și ambele au stabilit îndelungate tradiții monastice. Pe plan politic, până la sfârșitul secolului al III-lea î.e.n., regatul <a href="/wiki/Magadha" title="Magadha">Magadha</a> anexase sau redusese alte state și s-a transformat în <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Maurya" title="Dinastia Maurya">Imperiul Mauryan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009319-32">[32]</a> Se credea odinioară că acest imperiu ar fi controlat mare parte a subcontinentului cu excepția sudului extrem, dar astăzi se crede că regiunile sale centrale erau despărțite între ele de întinse zone autonome.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein199878–79-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKulkeRothermund200470-34">[34]</a> Regii Mauryeni sunt cunoscuți atât pentru construcția imperiului și managementul hotărât al vieții publice, cât și pentru renunțarea de către <a href="/wiki/A%C8%99oka" title="Așoka">Ashoka</a> la militarism și pentru susținerea izolată a <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dhammei</a> budiste.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009367-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKulkeRothermund200463-36">[36]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_Sangam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura Sangam — pagină inexistentă">Literatura Sangam</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3219940" class="extiw" title="d:Q3219940">d</a>) a <a href="/wiki/Limba_tamil%C4%83" title="Limba tamilă">limbii tamile</a> dezvăluie că, între 200 î.e.n. și 200 e.n., sudul peninsulei era guvernat de <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Chera" title="Dinastia Chera">Chera</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Chola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Chola — pagină inexistentă">Chola</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151148" class="extiw" title="d:Q151148">d</a>), și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandya — pagină inexistentă">Pandya</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844910" class="extiw" title="d:Q844910">d</a>), dinastii care făceau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comer%C8%9Bul_indo-roman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comerțul indo-roman — pagină inexistentă">comerț pe scară largă cu Imperiul Roman</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q513839" class="extiw" title="d:Q513839">d</a>) și cu <a href="/wiki/Asia_de_Vest" title="Asia de Vest">Asia de Vest</a> și <a href="/wiki/Asia_de_Sud-Est" title="Asia de Sud-Est">de Sud-Est</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein199889–90-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009408–415-38">[38]</a> În nordul Indiei, hinduismul afirma controlul patriarhal asupra familiei, ceea ce a dus la o subordonare din ce în ce mai mare a femeilor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein199892–95-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009319-32">[32]</a> Până în secolele al IV-lea și al V-lea, <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Gupta" title="Dinastia Gupta">Imperiul Gupta</a> formase un sistem complex de administrație și impozitare în larga Câmpie Gangetică; acest sistem a devenit un model pentru regatele indiene ulterioare.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKulkeRothermund200489–91-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009545-41">[41]</a> Sub Gupta, a început să se afirme un hinduism inovat, bazat pe devotament, și nu pe ritual.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein199898–99-42">[42]</a> Această înnoire s-a reflectat într-o înflorire a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sculptura_indian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sculptura indiană — pagină inexistentă">sculpturii</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16056552" class="extiw" title="d:Q16056552">d</a>) și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhitectura_indian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arhitectura indiană — pagină inexistentă">arhitecturii</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61050" class="extiw" title="d:Q61050">d</a>), care a găsit sprijin financiar în rândul unei elite urbane.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009545-41">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Literatura_sanscrit%C4%83" title="Literatura sanscrită">Literatura sanscrită clasică</a> a înflorit și ea, și <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98tiin%C8%9Ba_indian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Știința indiană — pagină inexistentă">știința</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3124036" class="extiw" title="d:Q3124036">d</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronomia_indian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomia indiană — pagină inexistentă">astronomia</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292962" class="extiw" title="d:Q1292962">d</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">medicina</a>, și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematica_indian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematica indiană — pagină inexistentă">matematica indiene</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1279571" class="extiw" title="d:Q1279571">d</a>) au făcut importante progrese.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009545-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India_medievală">India medievală</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: India medievală" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: India medievală">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:174px;max-width:174px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:257px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:India_in_1022_Joppen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/India_in_1022_Joppen.jpg/172px-India_in_1022_Joppen.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/India_in_1022_Joppen.jpg/258px-India_in_1022_Joppen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/India_in_1022_Joppen.jpg/344px-India_in_1022_Joppen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2571" data-file-height="3840" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:174px;max-width:174px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:257px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Gopuram_Corner_View_of_Thanjavur_Brihadeeswara_Temple..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gopuram_Corner_View_of_Thanjavur_Brihadeeswara_Temple..JPG/172px-Gopuram_Corner_View_of_Thanjavur_Brihadeeswara_Temple..JPG" decoding="async" width="172" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gopuram_Corner_View_of_Thanjavur_Brihadeeswara_Temple..JPG/258px-Gopuram_Corner_View_of_Thanjavur_Brihadeeswara_Temple..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gopuram_Corner_View_of_Thanjavur_Brihadeeswara_Temple..JPG/344px-Gopuram_Corner_View_of_Thanjavur_Brihadeeswara_Temple..JPG 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-color:transparent;color:var(--color-base, #000)">(stânga) Hartă a Indiei în 1022 e.n.; (dreapta) <a href="/wiki/Templul_Brihadeeswarar" title="Templul Brihadeeswarar">Templul Brihadeshwara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur" title="Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a>, terminat în 1010</div></div></div></div> Evul mediu timpuriu indian, din 600 până în 1200, este caracterizat prin regate regionale și diversitate culturală.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998132-43">[43]</a> Când <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harsha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harsha — pagină inexistentă">Harsha</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216895" class="extiw" title="d:Q216895">d</a>) din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannauj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kannauj — pagină inexistentă">Kannauj</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614890" class="extiw" title="d:Q614890">d</a>), care domina mare parte din Câmpia Indo-Gangetică între 606 și 647 e.n., încerca să se extindă spre sud, era înfrânt de domnitorul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chalukya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chalukya — pagină inexistentă">Chalukya</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395011" class="extiw" title="d:Q1395011">d</a>) al Deccanului.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998119–120-44">[44]</a> Când succesorul lui a încercat să se extindă înspre est, a fost învins de regele <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperiul_Pala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperiul Pala — pagină inexistentă">Pala</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668412" class="extiw" title="d:Q668412">d</a>) al <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengalului</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998119–120-44">[44]</a> Când conducătorii Chalukya încercau să se extindă spre sud, ei erau învinși de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pallava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pallava — pagină inexistentă">Pallava</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466803" class="extiw" title="d:Q466803">d</a>), care la rândul lor erau opriți de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandya — pagină inexistentă">Pandya</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844910" class="extiw" title="d:Q844910">d</a>) și de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Chola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Chola — pagină inexistentă">Chola</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151148" class="extiw" title="d:Q151148">d</a>) de și mai din sud.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998119–120-44">[44]</a> Niciun conducător din această perioadă nu a putut să-și formeze un imperiu și deci să controleze teritorii din afara fiefului său.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998132-43">[43]</a> În această perioadă, popoarele pastorale, al căror pământ fusese defrișat pentru a face loc economiei din ce în ce mai agrare, au fost primite în cadrul societății castelor, ca și clasele conducătoare netradiționale.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998121–122-45">[45]</a> Sistemul castelor a început astfel să prezinte variații regionale.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998121–122-45">[45]</a> În secolele al VI-lea și al VII-lea, primele <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhakti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhakti — pagină inexistentă">imnuri devoționale</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507417" class="extiw" title="d:Q507417">d</a>) au fost compuse în limba tamilă.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998123-46">[46]</a> Ele au fost imitate în toată India și au condus atât la o resurgență a hiduismului, cât și la dezvoltarea tuturor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbile_indiene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbile indiene — pagină inexistentă">limbilor moderne de pe subcontinent</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135595" class="extiw" title="d:Q135595">d</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998123-46">[46]</a> Regalitatea indiană, mică și mare, și templele ridicate de aceasta, au atras cetățeni în număr mare spre capitale, care au devenit și centre economice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998124-47">[47]</a> Orașele cu temple de diferite mărimi au început să apară peste tot, India trecând printr-o nouă urbanizare.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998124-47">[47]</a> În secolele al VIII-lea și al IX-lea, efectele se simțeau în toată Asia de Sud-Est, cultura și sistemele politice sud-indiene fiind exportate în teritoriile care astăzi reprezintă <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Thailand">Thailanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodia">Cambodgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipine" title="Filipine">Filipine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, și <a href="/wiki/Java" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Java">Java</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998127–128-48">[48]</a> Negustorii, cărturarii și, uneori, armatele din India au avut un rol important în această transmitere; asiaticii sud-estici au luat și ei inițiativa, mulți petrecând timp în seminariile indiene și traducând texte budiste și hinduse în limbile lor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998127–128-48">[48]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:249px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:India_in_1398_Joppen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/India_in_1398_Joppen.jpg/177px-India_in_1398_Joppen.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/India_in_1398_Joppen.jpg/266px-India_in_1398_Joppen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/India_in_1398_Joppen.jpg/354px-India_in_1398_Joppen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2043" data-file-height="2877" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:249px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Qutb_minar_ruins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Qutb_minar_ruins.jpg/167px-Qutb_minar_ruins.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Qutb_minar_ruins.jpg/251px-Qutb_minar_ruins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Qutb_minar_ruins.jpg/334px-Qutb_minar_ruins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2250" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-color:transparent;color:var(--color-base, #000)">(stânga) India în 1398, în timpul <a href="/wiki/Sultanatul_din_Delhi" title="Sultanatul din Delhi">Sultanatului din Delhi</a> (marcat ca „Imperiul Afgan” pe hartă); (dreapta) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qutub_Minar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qutub Minar — pagină inexistentă">Qutub Minar</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187635" class="extiw" title="d:Q187635">d</a>), de 73 m înălțime, terminat de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanul_din_Delhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanul din Delhi — pagină inexistentă">sultanul din Delhi</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493680" class="extiw" title="d:Q3493680">d</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iltutmish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iltutmish — pagină inexistentă">Iltutmish</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336312" class="extiw" title="d:Q336312">d</a>)</div></div></div></div> După secolul al X-lea, clanurile nomade musulmane din Asia Centrală, folosindu-se de <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C4%83l%C4%83re%C8%9Bi_rapizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Călăreți rapizi — pagină inexistentă">călăreți rapizi</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001480" class="extiw" title="d:Q3001480">d</a>) și ridicând vaste armate unite prin etnie și religie, au pătruns repetat în câmpiile nord-vestice ale Asiei de Sud, și în cele din urmă au întemeiat <a href="/wiki/Sultanatul_din_Delhi" title="Sultanatul din Delhi">Sultanatul musulman Delhi</a> în 1206.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELudden200268-49">[49]</a> Sultanatul avea să controleze mare parte din India de Nord și să facă multe incursiuni în cea sudică. Deși la început a perturbat elitele indiene, sultanatul a lăsat în mare parte numeroasa sa populație nemusulmană să-și practice propriile legi și obieceiuri.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot200847-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf20066-51">[51]</a> Respingând în mod repetat <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Mongol" title="Imperiul Mongol">raidurile mongole</a> din secolul al XIII-lea, sultanatul a salvat India de devastarea de care au avut parte Asia Centrală și de Vest, pregătind scena pentru secole de <a href="/wiki/Migra%C8%9Bie_uman%C4%83" title="Migrație umană">migrație</a> a soldaților, învățaților, misticilor, negustorilor, artiștilor și meșteșugarilor din acea regiune spre subcontinent, creând astfel o cultură sincretică indo-musulmană în nord.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELudden200267-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot200850–51-53">[53]</a> Raidurile sultanatului, care au slăbit regatele regionale din sudul Indiei, au pregătit drumul pentru <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Vijayanagara" title="Imperiul Vijayanagara">Imperiul autohton Vijayanagara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot200853-54">[54]</a> Îmbrățișând o puternică tradiție <a href="/wiki/%C8%98ivaism" title="Șivaism">shaivită</a> și dezvoltând tehnologia militară a sultanatului, imperiul a ajuns să controleze mare parte din India peninsulară,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf200612-55">[55]</a> și să influențeze societatea sud-indiană vreme îndelungată după aceea.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot200853-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India_în_epoca_modernă_timpurie">India în epoca modernă timpurie</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: India în epoca modernă timpurie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: India în epoca modernă timpurie">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:174px;max-width:174px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:243px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:India_in_1525_Joppen_Hi_Def.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/India_in_1525_Joppen_Hi_Def.jpg/172px-India_in_1525_Joppen_Hi_Def.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/India_in_1525_Joppen_Hi_Def.jpg/258px-India_in_1525_Joppen_Hi_Def.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/India_in_1525_Joppen_Hi_Def.jpg/344px-India_in_1525_Joppen_Hi_Def.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2027" data-file-height="2878" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:174px;max-width:174px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:243px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:India_in1605_Joppen_Hi_Def.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/India_in1605_Joppen_Hi_Def.jpg/172px-India_in1605_Joppen_Hi_Def.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/India_in1605_Joppen_Hi_Def.jpg/258px-India_in1605_Joppen_Hi_Def.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/India_in1605_Joppen_Hi_Def.jpg/344px-India_in1605_Joppen_Hi_Def.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2898" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:350px;max-width:350px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:231px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Agra_Fort_DistantTaj.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Agra_Fort_DistantTaj.JPG/348px-Agra_Fort_DistantTaj.JPG" decoding="async" width="348" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Agra_Fort_DistantTaj.JPG/522px-Agra_Fort_DistantTaj.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Agra_Fort_DistantTaj.JPG/696px-Agra_Fort_DistantTaj.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-color:transparent;color:var(--color-base, #000)">În sens orar începând din stânga-sus: (a) India în 1525 la începuturile <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Mogul" title="Imperiul Mogul">Imperiului Mogul</a>; (b) India în 1605 în timpul domniei lui <a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Muhammad_Akbar" title="Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar">Akbar</a>; (c) Vedere de departe a <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahalului</a> de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cetatea_Agra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cetatea Agra — pagină inexistentă">cetatea Agra</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171857" class="extiw" title="d:Q171857">d</a>)</div></div></div></div> La începutul secolului al XVI-lea, nordul Indiei, pe atunci dominat de conducători musulmani,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobb200180-56">[56]</a> s-a înclinat din nou în fața mobilității și puterii de foc superioare a unei noi generații de războinici din Asia Centrală.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998164-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Mogul" title="Imperiul Mogul">Imperiul Mogul</a> care a rezultat nu a destructurat societățile locale pe care a ajuns să le domine. În schimb, le-a echilibrat și le-a pacificat prin noi practici administrative<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot2008115-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobb200190–91-59">[59]</a> și cu o elită conducătoare diversă și cuprinzătoare,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf200617-60">[60]</a> ceea ce a dus la o dominație mai sistematică, mai centralizată și mai uniformă.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot2008152-61">[61]</a> Trecând peste legăturile tribale și peste identitatea musulmană, mai ales sub domnia lui <a href="/wiki/Akbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>, Mogulii și-au unit teritoriile îndepărtate prin loialitate, exprimată printr-o cultură persanizată, față de un împărat cu statut aproape divin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf200617-60">[60]</a> Politicile economice ale statului mogul, care își obținea cele mai multe venituri din agricultură,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot2008158-62">[62]</a> politici conform cărora taxele trebuiau plătite într-o bine reglementată monedă de argint,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998169-63">[63]</a> au făcut ca țăranii și meșteșugarii să pătrundă pe piețe mai mari.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot2008152-61">[61]</a> Pacea relativă întreținută de imperiu în mare parte din secolul al XVII-lea a fost un factor al expansiunii economice a Indiei,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot2008152-61">[61]</a> care a avut ca urmare o creștere a finanțării <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pictura_mogul%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pictura mogulă — pagină inexistentă">picturii</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049336" class="extiw" title="d:Q1049336">d</a>), formelor literare, textilelor, și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhitectura_mogul%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arhitectura mogulă — pagină inexistentă">arhitecturii</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542261" class="extiw" title="d:Q542261">d</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot2008186-64">[64]</a> Grupuri sociale proaspăt devenite coerente în nordul și vestul Indiei, cum ar fi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperiul_Maratha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperiul Maratha — pagină inexistentă">Maratha</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83618" class="extiw" title="d:Q83618">d</a>),<a href="/wiki/Rajpu%C8%9Bi" title="Rajpuți">rajpuții</a>, și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikh — pagină inexistentă">Sikh</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83572" class="extiw" title="d:Q83572">d</a>), au dezvoltat ambiții militare și politice în timpul dominației mogule, ambiții care, prin colaborare sau adversitate, le-au conferit atât recunoaștere cât și experiență militară.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf200623–24-65">[65]</a> Expansiunea comerțului în timpul dominației mogule a dat naștere unor noi elite comerciale și politice indiene de-a lungul coastelor sudice și estice ale Indiei.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf200623–24-65">[65]</a> Pe măsură ce imperiul se dezintegra, multe din aceste elite au reușit să-și urmărească și să-și controleze propriile afaceri.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot2008256-66">[66]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:176px;max-width:176px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:244px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:India_in_1795_Joppen_High_Def.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/India_in_1795_Joppen_High_Def.jpg/174px-India_in_1795_Joppen_High_Def.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/India_in_1795_Joppen_High_Def.jpg/261px-India_in_1795_Joppen_High_Def.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/India_in_1795_Joppen_High_Def.jpg/348px-India_in_1795_Joppen_High_Def.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2065" data-file-height="2909" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:244px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:India_in_1848_Joppen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/India_in_1848_Joppen.jpg/170px-India_in_1848_Joppen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/India_in_1848_Joppen.jpg/255px-India_in_1848_Joppen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/India_in_1848_Joppen.jpg/340px-India_in_1848_Joppen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2026" data-file-height="2913" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:350px;max-width:350px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:176px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:India_1835_2_Mohurs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/India_1835_2_Mohurs.jpg/348px-India_1835_2_Mohurs.jpg" decoding="async" width="348" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/India_1835_2_Mohurs.jpg/522px-India_1835_2_Mohurs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/India_1835_2_Mohurs.jpg/696px-India_1835_2_Mohurs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5752" data-file-height="2923" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-color:transparent;color:var(--color-base, #000)">În sens orar din stânga-sus: (a) India sub <a href="/w/index.php?title=Domina%C8%9Bia_Companiei_britanice_a_Indiilor_Orientale_%C3%AEn_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominația Companiei britanice a Indiilor Orientale în India — pagină inexistentă">dominația Companiei britanice a Indiilor Orientale</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001966" class="extiw" title="d:Q2001966">d</a>) în 1795; (b) India în 1848; (c) Monedă de aur de doi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohuri — pagină inexistentă">mohuri</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414902" class="extiw" title="d:Q1414902">d</a>) gold bătută de Companie în 1835, cu chipul <a href="/wiki/William_al_IV-lea_al_Regatului_Unit" title="William al IV-lea al Regatului Unit">regelui William al IV-lea</a> pe <a href="/wiki/Avers" title="Avers">avers</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20725526" class="extiw" title="d:Q20725526">d</a>), și cu valoarea nominală trecută în engleză și persană, pe revers</div></div></div></div> La începutul secolului al XVIII-lea, când granițele între dominația politică și cea comercială erau din ce în ce mai estompate, mai multe companii comerciale europene, inclusiv <a href="/wiki/Compania_Britanic%C4%83_a_Indiilor_de_Est" title="Compania Britanică a Indiilor de Est">Compania britanică a Indiilor Orientale</a>, își stabiliseră avanposturi pe coaste.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot2008286-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf200644–49-68">[68]</a> Controlul exercitate de Compania Indiilor Orientale asupra mărilor, resursele ei mai vaste, și pregătirea și tehnologia militare superioare au făcut ca ea să facă unele demonstrații de forță militară și să devină atrăgătoare pentru o parte a elitelor indiene; acești factori au fost cruciali în a permite companiei să dobândească controlul asupra regiunii <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> până în 1765 și să ia prim-planul celorlalte companii europene.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobb200198–100-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot2008286-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELudden2002128–132-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf200651–55-71">[71]</a> Accesul mai facil la bogățiile Bengalului și creșterea ulterioară a forței și mărimii armatei sale i-a permis să anexeze și să supună cea mai mare parte a Indiei până în deceniul anilor 1820.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf200668–71-72">[72]</a> India nu mai exporta la acea vreme produse prelucrate, ca mai demult, ci doar alimenta <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="British Empire">Imperiul Britanic</a> cu materii prime. Mulți istorici consideră aceasta ca punctul de început al perioadei coloniale a Indiei.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot2008286-67">[67]</a> În acest moment, cu forța economică puternic limitată de Parlamentul britanic și devenită practic o ramură a administrației britanice, compania a început să pătrundă cu mai multă atenție pe alte scene decât cea economică, cum ar fi educația, reforma socială și cultura.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsherTalbot2008289-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India_modernă">India modernă</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: India modernă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: India modernă">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:350px;max-width:350px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:284px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg/348px-British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="348" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg/522px-British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg/696px-British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="1223" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-color:transparent;color:var(--color-base, #000)">Hartă din 1909 a Imperiului Indian Britanic</div></div></div></div> Istoricii consideră că epoca modernă a Indiei a început cândva între 1848 și 1885. Numirea în 1848 a <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Broun-Ramsay,_primul_marchiz_de_Dalhousie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Broun-Ramsay, primul marchiz de Dalhousie — pagină inexistentă">Lordului Dalhousie</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333117" class="extiw" title="d:Q333117">d</a>) ca guvernator general al Companiei Indiilor Orientale a pregătit scena pentru schimbări esențiale pentru un stat modern. Între acestea s-au numărat consolidarea și demarcarea suveranității, supravegherea populației, și educația cetățenilor. Schimbările tehnologice—printre acestea, căile ferate, canalele, și telegraful—au fost introduse la scurt timp după introducerea lor în <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobb2001151–152-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf200694–99-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown199483-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeers200650-77">[77]</a> În aceeași perioadă au crescut însă și nemulțumirile față de companie, nemulțumiri ce au declanșat <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83scoala_%C8%99ipailor" title="Răscoala șipailor">Răscoala Indiană din 1857</a>. Alimentată de diverse resentimente și percepții, între care reformele sociale invazive în stil britanic, taxe funciare ridicate și tratamentul sumar aplicat unor prinți și latifundiari bogați, răscoala a cuprins multe regiuni din nordul și centrul Indiei și a zdruncinat temeliile dominației Companiei.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006100–103-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown199485–86-79">[79]</a> Deși răscoala a fost înăbușită până în 1858, ea a condus la dizolvarea Companiei Indiilor Orientale și la <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" class="mw-redirect" title="British Raj">administrarea directă a Indiei</a> de către guvernul britanic. Proclamând un stat unitar și un sistem parlamentar în stil britanic gradual dar limitat, noi conducători i-au protejat și pe prinți și pe moșieri ca garant feudal împotriva viitoarelor frământări.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998239-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006103–108-81">[81]</a> În deceniile ce au urmat, s-a dezvoltat treptat o viață publică în toată India, ceea ce a dus în cele din urmă la fondarea <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian National Congress">Congresului Național Indian</a> în 1885.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobb2001183-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarkar19831–4-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECopland2001ix–x-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006123-85">[85]</a> Dezvoltarea rapidă a tehnologiei și comercializarea agriculturii în a doua jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea au fost marcate de probleme economice și mulți mici fermieri au ajuns să depindă de capriciile unor piețe îndepărtate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998260-86">[86]</a> A existat o creștere a numărului de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foametea_%C3%AEn_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foametea în India — pagină inexistentă">foamete</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3658557" class="extiw" title="d:Q3658557">d</a>),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoseJalal2011117-87">[87]</a> și, în ciuda faptului că riscurile dezvoltării infrastructurii au fost asumate de contribuabilii indieni, pentru indieni s-au generat puține locuri de muncă în industrie.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1998258-88">[88]</a> Au existat și efecte benefice: culturile agricole comerciale, mai ales în Punjabul unde se construiseră numeroase canale, a condus la o creștere a producției de alimente și pentru consumul intern.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006126-89">[89]</a> Rețeaua feroviară a ajutat la înlăturarea efectelor foametei,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf200697-90">[90]</a> și a redus mult costurile transportului mărfurilor,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf200697-90">[90]</a> și a ajutat și la începuturile industriei cu patronat indian.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006126-89">[89]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r13393782/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:230px;max-width:230px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:170px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Nehru_gandhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nehru_gandhi.jpg/228px-Nehru_gandhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="228" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nehru_gandhi.jpg/342px-Nehru_gandhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Nehru_gandhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="314" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> împreună cu <a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi">Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi</a> la Mumbai, <time datetime="1946-07-06">6 iulie 1946</time></div></div></div></div></div> După Primul Război Mondial, în care <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armata_Indian%C4%83_%C3%AEn_Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armata Indiană în Primul Război Mondial — pagină inexistentă">au luptat circa un milion de indieni</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2605509" class="extiw" title="d:Q2605509">d</a>),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006163-91">[91]</a> a început o nouă perioadă. Aceasta a fost marcată de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformele_Montagu%E2%80%93Chelmsford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reformele Montagu–Chelmsford — pagină inexistentă">reformele britanice</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6904172" class="extiw" title="d:Q6904172">d</a>) dar și de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legea_Rowlatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legea Rowlatt — pagină inexistentă">o legislație represivă</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2006357" class="extiw" title="d:Q2006357">d</a>), de cereri mai stridente pentru autonomie din partea indienilor, și de începuturile unei mișcări <a href="/wiki/Nonviolen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Nonviolență">nonviolente</a> de necooperare, al cărei lider și simbol a devenit <a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi">Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006167-92">[92]</a> În anii 1930, britanicii au inițiat niște lente reforme legislative; Congresul Național Indian a obținut victorii în alegerile ce au urmat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006195–197-93">[93]</a> Următorul deceniu a fost inundat cu crize: <a href="/w/index.php?title=India_%C3%AEn_al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="India în al Doilea Război Mondial — pagină inexistentă">participarea indiană la al Doilea Război Mondial</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6019652" class="extiw" title="d:Q6019652">d</a>), ultimele îndemnuri ale Congresului la necooperare, și un apogeu al naționalismului musulman. Toate au culminat cu independența obținută în 1947, dar au fost temperate de <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Emp%C4%83r%C8%9Birea_Indiei" title="Împărțirea Indiei">divizarea Indiei</a> în două state: India și Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006203-94">[94]</a> Vital pentru imaginea de sine a Indiei ca națiune independentă a fost constituția sa, definitivată în 1950, care a instituit o republică seculară și democratică.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006231-95">[95]</a> Țara a rămas o democrație cu drepturi cetățenești, cu o Curte Supremă activă și cu o presă în cea mai mare parte independentă.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006265–266-96">[96]</a> Liberalizarea economică, începută în anii 1990, a creat o mare clasă mijlocie urbană, a transformat India în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_dup%C4%83_rata_de_cre%C8%99tere_a_PIBului_real&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista țărilor după rata de creștere a PIBului real — pagină inexistentă">una din economiile cu cea mai mare creștere din lume</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3764970" class="extiw" title="d:Q3764970">d</a>),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Department_of_Agriculture-97">[97]</a> și i-a crescut influența geopolitică. Filmele, muzica și învățăturile spirituale indiene sunt din ce în ce mai prezente în cultura globală.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006265–266-96">[96]</a> India este însă modelată și de sărăcia ce nu pare să dea înapoi, atât în mediul rural cât și în cel urban;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006265–266-96">[96]</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Violen%C8%9Be_religioase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Violențe religioase — pagină inexistentă">violențe religioase</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2992570" class="extiw" title="d:Q2992570">d</a>) și <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_cast%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De castă — pagină inexistentă">de castă</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5049637" class="extiw" title="d:Q5049637">d</a>);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006266–270-98">[98]</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naxalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naxalism — pagină inexistentă">insurgențele naxalite de inspirație maoistă</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912158" class="extiw" title="d:Q912158">d</a>);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006253-99">[99]</a> și de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgen%C8%9Ba_din_Jammu_%C8%99i_Kashmir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insurgența din Jammu și Kashmir — pagină inexistentă">separatismul din Jammu și Kashmir</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749970" class="extiw" title="d:Q749970">d</a>) și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurgen%C8%9Ba_din_nord-estul_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insurgența din nord-estul Indiei — pagină inexistentă">în nord-esul Indiei</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125513" class="extiw" title="d:Q1125513">d</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006274-100">[100]</a> Are dispute teritoriale nerezolvate cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rela%C8%9Biile_%C3%AEntre_China_%C8%99i_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relațiile între China și India — pagină inexistentă">China</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995884" class="extiw" title="d:Q995884">d</a>)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006247–248-101">[101]</a> și cu <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboaiele_indo-pakistaneze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Războaiele indo-pakistaneze — pagină inexistentă">Pakistan</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3119132" class="extiw" title="d:Q3119132">d</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006247–248-101">[101]</a> Libertățile democratice susținute ale Indiei sunt unice în rândul națiunilor mai noi din lume; totuși, în ciuda succeselor sale economice recente, libertatea de nevoi pentru populația dezavantajată rămâne un obiectiv neîndeplinit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2006304-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Geografia_Indiei" title="Geografia Indiei">Geografia Indiei</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:India_topo_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/India_topo_big.jpg/220px-India_topo_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/India_topo_big.jpg/330px-India_topo_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/India_topo_big.jpg/440px-India_topo_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3042" data-file-height="2933" /></a><figcaption>Harta topografică a Indiei</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Indiahills.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Indiahills.png/200px-Indiahills.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Indiahills.png/300px-Indiahills.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Indiahills.png/400px-Indiahills.png 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Relieful Indiei</figcaption></figure> Relief: India peninsulară este formată dintr-un podiș vechi, Podișul Dekkan, care este semideșert și mărginit de Gații de Vest și Gații de Est, sub 2.000 de metri (aceștia având aspectul de munți). Un alt podiș important este Podișul Thar (deșert). Tot în India se află Munții Himalaya peste (8000 de metri). Câmpii: Câmpia Indo-Gangetică. India continentală se situează sub sistemul himalayan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clima">Clima</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Clima">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Este predominant tropical-musonică.Configurația geografica și geologica unica a Indiei îi influențează puternic climatul; acest lucru se manifestă în mare parte în regiunea himalayana în nord și în deșertul Thar în nord-vest. Astfel clima Indiei este o alternanță de ierni reci și uscate (octombrie-martie), veri toride și uscate (aprilie-iunie) și anotimpuri musonice, cu ploi torențiale. Iarna temperaturile scad în multe zone către zero grade, în partea de sud vremea fiind mai blândă. Vara se pot înregistra până la 49 °C; în sud nu este chiar așa de cald. Perioada toridă se încheie odată cu începutul anotimpului musonic, ploios, în luna iunie. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidrografia">Hidrografia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Hidrografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Hidrografia">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Cuprinde sistemul Brahmaputra-Gange. Rețeaua hidrografică este influențată de cele trei mari unități de relief și climă. Principalele fluvii sunt Gange și afluentul său, Brahmaputra. Ambele cu izvoarele în Himalaya, se varsă în Golful Bengal printr-o imensă deltă comună. Au debite bogate, sunt navigabile și favorizează irigațiile. Râurile din Podișul Dekkan sunt mai scurte (cel mai lung fiind Godavari care nu depășește 1500 km) și au debite variabile. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biodiversitatea">Biodiversitatea</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Biodiversitatea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Biodiversitatea">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Pfau_imponierend.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Pfau_imponierend.jpg/220px-Pfau_imponierend.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Pfau_imponierend.jpg/330px-Pfau_imponierend.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Pfau_imponierend.jpg/440px-Pfau_imponierend.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/P%C4%83un_indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Păun indian">Păunul indian</a> (Pavo cristatus) este pasărea națională. Trăiește în arborii din pădurile de foioase atât din zone umede cât și din zone uscate, în zone agricole și la periferiile satelor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAliRipleyDick199690-103">[103]</a></figcaption></figure> India se află în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecozona_Indomalaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecozona Indomalaya — pagină inexistentă">ecozona Indomalaya</a> și conține trei centre de biodiversitate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConservation_International2007-104">[104]</a> Una dintre cele doar 17 țări megadiverse din lume, ea este casa a 8.6% din totalul speciilor de mamifere, 13.7% din toate speciile de păsări, 7.9% din toate speciile de reptile, 6% din toate speciile de amfibieni, 12.2% dintre toate speciile de pești, și 6% toate speciile de plante cu flori din lume.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZoological_Survey_of_India20121-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPuri-106">[106]</a> Gradul de <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemism</a> este ridicat în rândul plantelor, 33%, și între ecoregiunile cum ar fi pădurile <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shola — pagină inexistentă">Shola</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3956594" class="extiw" title="d:Q3956594">d</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBasak198324-107">[107]</a> Habitatul lor se întinde de la pădurile tropicale din <a href="/wiki/Insulele_Andaman" title="Insulele Andaman">Insulele Andaman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mun%C8%9Bii_Ghats_de_Vest" class="mw-redirect" title="Munții Ghats de Vest">Munții Ghats de Vest</a>, și <a href="/w/index.php?title=India_de_Nord-Est&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="India de Nord-Est — pagină inexistentă">India de Nord-Est</a> până la <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83dure_de_conifere" title="Pădure de conifere">pădurile de conifere</a> din Himalaya. Între aceste extreme se află pădurile de foioase (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shorea_robusta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shorea robusta — pagină inexistentă">Shorea robusta</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909828" class="extiw" title="d:Q909828">d</a>)) din zonele umede din estul Indiei; pădurile de foioase (<a href="/wiki/Tec" title="Tec">tec</a>) din zonele uscate din centru și sud; și pădurile de xerofite dominate de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vachellia_nilotica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vachellia nilotica — pagină inexistentă">arbori de gumă arabică</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15525126" class="extiw" title="d:Q15525126">d</a>) din Deccanul central și din Câmpia Gangetică de Vest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETritsch2001-108">[108]</a> Mai puțin de 12% din suprafața Indiei este formată din junglă deasă.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher1995434-109">[109]</a> Planta medicinală <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azadirachta_indica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azadirachta indica — pagină inexistentă">Neem</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170461" class="extiw" title="d:Q170461">d</a>), de folosită pentru fabricarea de leacuri în zonele rurale, este un arbore important în flora indiană. Luxuriantul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smochin_indian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smochin indian — pagină inexistentă">smochin indian</a>, care apare pe sigiliile civilizației <a href="/wiki/Mohenjo-daro" title="Mohenjo-daro">Mohenjo-daro</a>, i-a ținut, conform legendei, umbră lui <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> în timp ce căuta iluminarea. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Shola_Grasslands_and_forests_in_the_Kudremukh_National_Park,_Western_Ghats,_Karnataka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Shola_Grasslands_and_forests_in_the_Kudremukh_National_Park%2C_Western_Ghats%2C_Karnataka.jpg/170px-Shola_Grasslands_and_forests_in_the_Kudremukh_National_Park%2C_Western_Ghats%2C_Karnataka.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Shola_Grasslands_and_forests_in_the_Kudremukh_National_Park%2C_Western_Ghats%2C_Karnataka.jpg/255px-Shola_Grasslands_and_forests_in_the_Kudremukh_National_Park%2C_Western_Ghats%2C_Karnataka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Shola_Grasslands_and_forests_in_the_Kudremukh_National_Park%2C_Western_Ghats%2C_Karnataka.jpg/340px-Shola_Grasslands_and_forests_in_the_Kudremukh_National_Park%2C_Western_Ghats%2C_Karnataka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2034" /></a><figcaption>Zone muntoase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shola — pagină inexistentă">Shola</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3956594" class="extiw" title="d:Q3956594">d</a>) din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parcul_Na%C8%9Bional_Kudremukh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parcul Național Kudremukh — pagină inexistentă">Parcul Național Kudremukh</a>, din Munții Ghats de Vest.</figcaption></figure> Multe specii indiene se trag din specii ale Gondwanei, continent din care placa Indian s-a separat acum circa 105 milioane de ani.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrameOwen2002142-110">[110]</a> Mișcările tectonice ulterioare ale <a href="/w/index.php?title=Placa_Indian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Placa Indiană — pagină inexistentă">Indiei peninsulare</a> către continentul <a href="/wiki/Laurasia" title="Laurasia">Laurasia</a> și coliziunea sa cu acesta a declanșat un mare schimb de specii. Vulcanismul și schimbările climatice de acum 20 de milioane de ani au produs o extincție în masă.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaranth2006-111">[111]</a> Mamiferele au pătruns atunci în India din Asia prin două trecători zoogeografice de cele două părți ale Munților Himalaya, aflați în plină înălțare.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETritsch2001-108">[108]</a> Astfel, deși 45,8% din reptile și 55,8% din amfibieni sunt specii endemice, același lucru este valabil doar pentru 12,6% din mamifere și 4,5% din păsări.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPuri-106">[106]</a> Printre ele se numără <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maimu%C8%9Ba-langur_Nilgiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maimuța-langur Nilgiri — pagină inexistentă">maimuța-langur Nilgiri</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duttaphrynus_beddomii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duttaphrynus beddomii — pagină inexistentă">broasca lui Beddome</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3009139" class="extiw" title="d:Q3009139">d</a>) din Munți Ghats de Vest. India conține 172, sau 2,9%, dintre speciile amenințate cu dispariția clasificate de <a href="/wiki/World_Conservation_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="World Conservation Union">IUCN</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMace19944-112">[112]</a> Printre acestea se numără <a href="/wiki/Leu_asiatic" title="Leu asiatic">leul asiatic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tigru_bengalez" title="Tigru bengalez">tigrul bengalez</a>, și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulturul_ple%C8%99uv_indian_cu_g%C3%A2t_alb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulturul pleșuv indian cu gât alb — pagină inexistentă">vulturul pleșuv indian cu gât alb</a>, care era să dispară din cauza consumului de cadavre de vite ce conțineau <a href="/wiki/Diclofenac" title="Diclofenac">diclofenac</a>. Factorul uman aflat în expansiune în ultimele decenii a pus în pericol flora și fauna sălbatică din India. Pentru a contracara fenomentul, s-a extins sistemul de parcuri naționale și arii protejate, înființat în 1935. În 1972, India a adoptat Legea Protecției Plantelor și Animalelor Sălbatice<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinistry_of_Environments_and_Forests_1972-113">[113]</a> și a întreprins <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proiectul_Tigrul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proiectul Tigrul — pagină inexistentă">Proiectul Tigrul</a> pentru a proteja specii aflate în pericol; Legea Conservării Pădurilor a fost adoptată în 1980 și amendată în 1988.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepartment_of_Environment_and_Forests1988-114">[114]</a> India găzduiește peste cinci sute de sanctuare pentru specii sălbatice și treisprezece <a href="/wiki/Rezerva%C8%9Bie_a_biosferei" title="Rezervație a biosferei">rezervații ale biosferei</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinistry_of_Environment_and_Forests-115">[115]</a> dintre care patru fac parte din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Re%C8%9Beaua_Mondial%C4%83_de_Rezerva%C8%9Bii_ale_Biosferei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rețeaua Mondială de Rezervații ale Biosferei — pagină inexistentă">Rețeaua Mondială de Rezervații ale Biosferei</a>; douăzeci și cinci de zone mlăștinoase sunt înregistrate în cadrul <a href="/wiki/Conven%C8%9Bia_Ramsar" title="Convenția Ramsar">convenției Ramsar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESecretariat_of_the_Convention_on_Wetlands-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politică_și_administrație">Politică și administrație</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Politică și administrație" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Politică și administrație">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politica_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politica Indiei — pagină inexistentă">Politica Indiei</a>.</div><link 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alt="Pakistan" title="Pakistan" /><area href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" shape="poly" coords="211,540,212,537,212,534,211,533,211,532,212,533,213,532,215,531,215,530,215,529,214,526,214,526,214,525,215,525,215,524,216,524,215,522,215,522,214,522,214,521,215,522,216,522,218,523,217,524,218,524,218,524,219,524,220,523,220,523,219,522,218,522,217,521,217,521,217,521,216,521,213,521,213,520,212,519,212,518,212,518,213,517,214,517,215,518,217,517,217,517,218,518,219,520,221,522,222,522,222,523,223,523,222,523,220,523,221,523,223,524,223,524,224,524,227,526,227,528,226,528,227,531,228,533,229,532,230,533,232,535,232,537,232,536,234,538,233,540,235,541,235,540,236,541,236,543,237,545,237,546,236,547,238,548,240,550,242,554,241,554,243,556,244,558,244,559,246,560,245,563,246,565,245,570,243,575,241,576,239,578,238,579,237,580,235,581,230,583,228,583,226,584,225,586,218,585,216,584,215,582,213,579,211,577,210,574,209,571,208,569,208,564,209,565,209,562,208,558,208,554,208,548,209,544,208,546,208,547,208,547,208,549,209,551,209,549,209,547,210,545,210,543,211,540,211,540,211,540,211,540" alt="Sri Lanka" title="Sri Lanka" /><area href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" shape="poly" coords="206,522,206,522,206,522,208,523,207,523,207,524,207,523,206,523,206,522,206,522,206,522" alt="Sri Lanka" title="Sri Lanka" /><area href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" shape="poly" coords="209,531,210,532,208,531,207,531,206,531,206,531,207,531,208,531,209,531" alt="Sri Lanka" title="Sri Lanka" /><area href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" shape="poly" coords="210,520,210,520,210,520,210,520,209,521,210,521,209,521,209,521" alt="Sri Lanka" title="Sri Lanka" /><area href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" shape="poly" coords="210,521,211,521,211,521,210,521,210,521,210,521,210,519" alt="Sri Lanka" title="Sri Lanka" /><area href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" shape="poly" coords="211,519,210,519,210,519,210,519,210,519,210,519,210,519" alt="Sri Lanka" title="Sri Lanka" /><area href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" shape="poly" coords="209,521,208,521,209,521,209,521,209,521,209,521" alt="Sri Lanka" title="Sri Lanka" /><area href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" shape="poly" coords="206,530,205,530,206,530,206,530" alt="Sri Lanka" title="Sri Lanka" /><area href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" shape="poly" coords="209,521,209,521" alt="Sri Lanka" title="Sri Lanka" /></map><figcaption>Harta celor 28 de state şi a 7 teritorii federale a Indiei</figcaption></figure> India este o federație compusă din 29 state federale și 7 teritorii federale.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress2004-117">[117]</a> Toate statele, precum și teritoriile <a href="/wiki/Puducherry" title="Puducherry">Puducherry</a> și <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Teritoriul Național al Capitalei Delhi</a> (National Capital Territory of Delhi) dispun de guverne și organe legislative alese, având drept model guvernul <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Unit">englez</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Westminster" class="mw-disambig" title="Westminster">Westminster</a> din <a href="/wiki/Londra" title="Londra">Londra</a>. Celelalte 5 teritorii federale sunt conduse de la centru prin intermediul unor administratori angajați. În 1956 statele federale ale Indiei au fost reorganizate pe baza limbilor vorbite (conform legii States Reorganisation Act);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma200749-118">[118]</a> de atunci structura lor a rămas aproape neschimbată. Statele federale și teritoriile federale se subîmpart în districte administrative, care la rândul lor se subîmpart în unități numite tehsil, taluk sau taluka, și ele la rândul lor se împart în localități. Conform Constituției, India este <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">țară socialistă</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> și <a href="/wiki/Stat_laic" title="Stat laic">stat laic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-notionSecular-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERajagopalan2003-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_federale">State federale</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: State federale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: State federale">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li></ol> </td> <td> <ol start="8"> <li> <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> </li></ol></td> <td> <ol start="15"> <li> <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Orissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa">Orissa</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(India)" title="Punjab (India)">Punjab</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> </li></ol></td> <td> <ol start="22"> <li> <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Bengalul_de_Vest" title="Bengalul de Vest">Bengalul de Vest</a> </li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teritorii_federale">Teritorii federale</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Teritorii federale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Teritorii federale">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ol type="A"> <li> <a href="/wiki/Insulele_Andaman_%C8%99i_Nicobar" title="Insulele Andaman și Nicobar">Insulele Andaman și Nicobar</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Dadra_%C8%99i_Nagar_Haveli_%C8%99i_Daman_%C8%99i_Diu" title="Dadra și Nagar Haveli și Daman și Diu">Dadra și Nagar Haveli și Daman și Diu</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Jammu_%C8%99i_Ca%C8%99mir_(teritoriu_unional)" title="Jammu și Cașmir (teritoriu unional)">Jammu și Cașmir</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Teritoriul_na%C8%9Bional_al_capitalei_Indiei" title="Teritoriul național al capitalei Indiei">Delhi</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Puducherry" title="Puducherry">Puducherry</a> (fost Pondicherry) </li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economie">Economie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Economie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Economie">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Economia_Indiei" title="Economia Indiei">Economia Indiei</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Nano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Nano.jpg/200px-Nano.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Nano.jpg/300px-Nano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Nano.jpg/400px-Nano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption>Tata Nano, cea mai faimoasă firmă constructoare de mașini din India, și una dintre cele mai faimoase din lume.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:2006Indian_exports.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/2006Indian_exports.PNG/200px-2006Indian_exports.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/2006Indian_exports.PNG/300px-2006Indian_exports.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/2006Indian_exports.PNG/400px-2006Indian_exports.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Exporturile Indiei în 2006.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:World_Map_Index_of_perception_of_corruption_2010.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/World_Map_Index_of_perception_of_corruption_2010.svg/200px-World_Map_Index_of_perception_of_corruption_2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/World_Map_Index_of_perception_of_corruption_2010.svg/300px-World_Map_Index_of_perception_of_corruption_2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/World_Map_Index_of_perception_of_corruption_2010.svg/400px-World_Map_Index_of_perception_of_corruption_2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indicele_de_percep%C8%9Bie_a_corup%C8%9Biei" title="Indicele de percepție a corupției">Indicele de percepție a corupției</a>, 2010.</figcaption></figure> Sectorul industrial este foarte diversificat și include atât industria grea, cât și fabricarea unor produse de înaltă tehnologie. Principala regiune industrială se află în est, cu zăcăminte de cărbuni, minereu de fier și centre siderurgice, centre industriale diverse; tot aici se află centrul industrial și urban Calcutta. Alte concentrări industriale sunt localizate la Mumbai, Bangalore, Madras, Delhi. La nivel mondial, India este un important producător de cărbuni, minereu de fier, bauxită, diamante și sare. Este în creștere producția de petrol și gaze naturale. Industria prelucrătoare plasează India printre primele unsprezece țări ale lumii ca valoare a producției. Predomină încă ramurile tradiționale: textilă (îndeosebi prelucrarea bumbacului; locul 2 pe glob) și alimentară (este cel mai mare producător mondial de zahăr și unt). S-a afirmat puternic industria constructoare de mașini, care produce o gama variată: de la tractoare, locomotive și vapoare până la sateliți artificiali, India fiind una dintre puținele țări care au dezvoltat industria cosmică. India are și o puternică industrie cinematografică. Ocupă locul 2 pe glob în domeniu, după S.U.A., orașul Mumbai fiind supranumit „Hollywood-ul Indiei”. Agricultura este de mare randament, fiind principala ocupație a populației. La unele produse agricole ocupă poziții foarte bune, cum ar fi vorba de grâu, orez și zahăr(locul 2 la fiecare pe glob), bumbac(locul 3), minereu de fier și soia(locul 5). În privința producției de ceai, ocupă 1 loc pe glob. Are, totodată, cel mai mare efectiv de bovine. Însă, India se confruntă în drumul spre dezvoltare economică cu o rată a sărăciei mare și cu o <a href="/wiki/Corup%C8%9Bie" title="Corupție">corupție</a> mare. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografie">Demografie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Demografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Demografie">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Demografia_Indiei" title="Demografia Indiei">Demografia Indiei</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> Populația este foarte mare, de cca 1.330.000.000 de locuitori, densitatea fiind mare (330 loc./km²). Populația actuală a Indiei este formată din 2 mari grupe: în sud populații Dravidiene, iar în nord Indo-Europene(care au venit aici acum 3500 de ani). La momentul actual, India se confruntă cu o gravă scădere a numărului de femei în comparație cu creșterea numărului de bărbați, datorită numărului crescând de avorturi de fetuși feminini. Din această cauză, mulți bărbați trăiesc in celibat, dezvoltându-se o rețea mare de trafic de fete străine. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limbile_vorbite">Limbile vorbite</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: Limbile vorbite" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Limbile vorbite">modificare sursă</a>]</div> Limbile predominante în India sunt <a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-ariene" title="Limbi indo-ariene">indo-ariana</a> (vorbită de aproximativ 74% din populație) și <a href="/wiki/Limbi_dravidiene" title="Limbi dravidiene">dravidiana</a> (vorbită de aproximativ 24% din populație). Celelalte provin din familiile limbilor <a href="/wiki/Limbi_austro-asiatice" title="Limbi austro-asiatice">austroasiatice</a> și <a href="/wiki/Limbi_sino-tibetane" title="Limbi sino-tibetane">sino-tibetane</a>. India nu are însă o limbă națională.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Limba_hindi" title="Limba hindi">Hindi</a> are cel mai mare număr vorbitori, ca urmare este limba oficială a guvernului.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Engleza este folosită în domeniile businessului, ale administrației și are statutul de limbă oficială auxiliară, având un rol important în ceea ce privește educația, mai ales în cadrul studiilor superioare. Fiecare stat și regiune are una sau mai multe limbi oficiale, iar constituția recunoaște, în particular, 22 de limbi programate. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religia">Religia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifică secțiunea: Religia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Religia">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Vailankanni_Basilica1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Vailankanni_Basilica1.jpg/220px-Vailankanni_Basilica1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Vailankanni_Basilica1.jpg/330px-Vailankanni_Basilica1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Vailankanni_Basilica1.jpg/440px-Vailankanni_Basilica1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3196" /></a><figcaption>Bazilica Maicii Domnului din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velankanni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velankanni — pagină inexistentă">Velankanni</a>⁠(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velankanni" class="extiw" title="en:Velankanni">en</a>)[<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=ro&from=en&page=Velankanni&targettitle=Velankanni">traduceți</a>]</figcaption></figure> Conform datelor recensământului din anul 2011 religia cu cea mai mare pondere în India este <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">hinduismul</a> (79,80% din populație), urmat de <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> (14,23%). Restul religiilor erau reprezentate de un procent mic din locuitorii statului: <a href="/wiki/Cre%C8%99tinism" title="Creștinism">creștinism</a> (2,30%), <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">sikhism</a> (1,72%), <a href="/wiki/Budism" title="Budism">budism</a> (0,70%), <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">jainism</a> (0,36%) și alte religii (0,9%).<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> India are cea mai mare populație din lume de adepți ai Hindu, Sikh, Jain, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrism" title="Zoroastrism">Zoroastrian</a> și <a href="/wiki/Credin%C8%9Ba_Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD" title="Credința Bahá'í">Bahá'í</a>. Este a treia în ceea ce privește populația musulmană, în același timp fiind cea mai mare țară non-musulmană cu un număr atât de mare de adepți ai acestei religii.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultură">Cultură</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cultură" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Cultură">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Cultura_Indiei" title="Cultura Indiei">Cultura Indiei</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg/250px-Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg/375px-Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg/500px-Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="1681" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a>, unul dintre simbolurile Indiei.</figcaption></figure> Istoria culturii Indiei cuprinde mai mult de 4,500 de ani.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuiper201015-128">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și">Vezi și</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_fluvii_din_Asia" title="Listă de fluvii din Asia">Listă de fluvii din Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locuri_din_patrimoniul_mondial_UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="Locuri din patrimoniul mondial UNESCO">Locuri din patrimoniul mondial UNESCO</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Note">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <a href="#ref_Anone">^</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guvernul_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guvernul Indiei — pagină inexistentă">Guvernul Indiei</a> consideră întregul stat al <a href="/wiki/Jammu_%C8%99i_Ca%C8%99mir" title="Jammu și Cașmir">Jammu și Cașmir</a> ca făcând parte din India, inclusiv porțiunea de la granița cu <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistanul</a>. O încetare a focurilor sponsorizată de <a href="/wiki/Na%C8%9Biunile_Unite" class="mw-redirect" title="Națiunile Unite">Națiunile Unite</a> în 1948 îngheață pozițiile teritoriilor deținute de India și Pakistan. Ca o consecință, regiunea de la granița cu Afganistanul se află în teritoriul Cașmirului administrat de Pakistan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referințe">Referințe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifică secțiunea: Referințe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Referințe">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_anthem.php">„National Anthem – Know India portal”</a>. National Informatics Centre(NIC). <time datetime="2007">2007</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-08-31">31 august 2007</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Anthem+%E2%80%93+Know+India+portal&rft.pub=National+Informatics+Centre%28NIC%29&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia.gov.in%2Fknowindia%2Fnational_anthem.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&pr.y=6&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=534&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=">International Monetary Fund - India</a>, accesat 13 decembrie 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-48b16dc1585666505f067b2d44b13002-3"><a href="#cite_ref-48b16dc1585666505f067b2d44b13002_3-0">^</a> <cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/335rank.html">Country Comparison :: Population</a> (în engleză), The World Factbook, accesat în <time datetime="2021-01-02">2 ianuarie 2021</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Country+Comparison+%3A%3A+Population&rft.pub=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F335rank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-d3051402fac8e7f4a0bc864b5a76e57c-4"><a href="#cite_ref-d3051402fac8e7f4a0bc864b5a76e57c_4-0">^</a> <cite class="citation">, <a href="/wiki/Banca_Mondial%C4%83" title="Banca Mondială">Banca Mondială</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD">https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD</a>, accesat în <time datetime="2023-08-26">26 august 2023</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Banca+Mondial%C4%83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNY.GDP.MKTP.CD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988">  Lipsește sau este vid: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#citation_missing_title" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-3c961c7df12d4aeb22cf5d11432b5a5b-5"><a href="#cite_ref-3c961c7df12d4aeb22cf5d11432b5a5b_5-0">^</a> <cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI">Raportul Dezvoltării Umane</a>, <time datetime="2022">2022</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raportul+Dezvolt%C4%83rii+Umane&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fdata-center%2Fhuman-development-index%23%2Findicies%2FHDI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-indianembassy-6"><a href="#cite_ref-indianembassy_6-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianembassy.org/policy/Foreign_Policy/2004/AR2004.htm">Politica externă a Indiei, Ambasada Indiei</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxford_English_Dictionary-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxford_English_Dictionary_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOxford_English_Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuiper201086-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuiper201086_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKuiper2010">Kuiper 2010</a>, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinistry_of_Law_and_Justice_2008-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinistry_of_Law_and_Justice_2008_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMinistry_of_Law_and_Justice_2008">Ministry of Law and Justice 2008</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaye1997639–640-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaye1997639–640_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKaye1997">Kaye 1997</a>, pp. 639–640. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dyson2018-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Dyson2018_12-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDyson2018" class="citation">Dyson, Tim (<time datetime="2018">2018</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1">A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, p. 1, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-19-882905-8" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-19-882905-8">978-0-19-882905-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Population+History+of+India%3A+From+the+First+Modern+People+to+the+Present+Day&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-19-882905-8&rft.aulast=Dyson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3TRtDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> Quote: "Modern human beings—Homo sapiens—originated in Africa. Then, intermittently, sometime between 60,000 and 80,000 years ago, tiny groups of them began to enter the north-west of the Indian subcontinent. It seems likely that initially they came by way of the coast. ... it is virtually certain that there were Homo sapiens in the subcontinent 55,000 years ago, even though the earliest fossils that have been found of them date to only about 30,000 years before the present. (page 1)" </li> <li id="cite_note-PetragliaAllchin-13"><a href="#cite_ref-PetragliaAllchin_13-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Michael D. Petraglia; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridget_Allchin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridget Allchin — pagină inexistentă">Bridget Allchin</a> (<time datetime="2007-05-22">22 mai 2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qm9GfjNlnRwC&pg=PA10#v=onepage">The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia: Inter-disciplinary Studies in Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistics and Genetics</a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science Business Media</a>. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-4020-5562-1" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-4020-5562-1">978-1-4020-5562-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+and+History+of+Human+Populations+in+South+Asia%3A+Inter-disciplinary+Studies+in+Archaeology%2C+Biological+Anthropology%2C+Linguistics+and+Genetics&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Springer+Science+Business+Media&rft.date=2007-05-22&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-5562-1&rft.au=Michael+D.+Petraglia&rft.au=Bridget+Allchin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQm9GfjNlnRwC%26pg%3DPA10%23v%3Donepage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> Citat: „Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka.” </li> <li id="cite_note-Fisher2018-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Fisher2018_14-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFisher2018" class="citation">Fisher, Michael H. (<time datetime="2018">2018</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23">An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, p. 23, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-107-11162-2" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-107-11162-2">978-1-107-11162-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Environmental+History+of+India%3A+From+Earliest+Times+to+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-107-11162-2&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Michael+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkZVuDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> Citat: „Scholars estimate that the first successful expansion of the Homo sapiens range beyond Africa and across the Arabian Peninsula occurred from as early as 80,000 years ago to as late as 40,000 years ago, although there may have been prior unsuccessful emigrations. Some of their descendants extended the human range ever further in each generation, spreading into each habitable land they encountered. One human channel was along the warm and productive coastal lands of the Persian Gulf and northern Indian Ocean. Eventually, various bands entered India between 75,000 years ago and 35,000 years ago (page 23)” </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetragliaAllchin20076-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetragliaAllchin20076_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPetragliaAllchin2007">Petraglia & Allchin 2007</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConinghamYoung2015104–105-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConinghamYoung2015104–105_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConinghamYoung2015104–105_16-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFConinghamYoung2015">Coningham & Young 2015</a>, pp. 104–105. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKulkeRothermund200421–23-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKulkeRothermund200421–23_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKulkeRothermund2004">Kulke & Rothermund 2004</a>, pp. 21–23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009181-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2009181_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2009181_18-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh2009">Singh 2009</a>, p. 181. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPossehl20032-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPossehl20032_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPossehl2003">Possehl 2003</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009255-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2009255_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2009255_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2009255_20-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh2009">Singh 2009</a>, p. 255. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009186–187-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2009186–187_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2009186–187_21-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh2009">Singh 2009</a>, pp. 186–187. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitzel200368–69-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitzel200368–69_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWitzel2003">Witzel 2003</a>, pp. 68–69. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKulkeRothermund200441–43-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKulkeRothermund200441–43_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKulkeRothermund2004">Kulke & Rothermund 2004</a>, pp. 41–43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009250–251-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2009250–251_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2009250–251_24-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh2009">Singh 2009</a>, pp. 250–251. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009260–265-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2009260–265_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh2009">Singh 2009</a>, pp. 260–265. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKulkeRothermund200453–54-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKulkeRothermund200453–54_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKulkeRothermund2004">Kulke & Rothermund 2004</a>, pp. 53–54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009312–313-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2009312–313_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh2009">Singh 2009</a>, pp. 312–313. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKulkeRothermund200454–56-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKulkeRothermund200454–56_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKulkeRothermund2004">Kulke & Rothermund 2004</a>, pp. 54–56. </li> <li 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=There%27s+No+National+Language+in+India%3A+Gujarat+High+Court&rft.pub=%3AThe+Times+Of+India%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22The+Times+Of+India+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2007-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com%2F2010-01-25%2Findia%2F28148512_1_national-language-official-language-hindi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations2011" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf">„Table 1: Human Development Index and its Components”</a> (PDF), Human Development Report 2011 (PDF)<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|format=</code> necesită <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#format_missing_url" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>), <a href="/wiki/Organiza%C8%9Bia_Na%C8%9Biunilor_Unite" title="Organizația Națiunilor Unite">United Nations</a>, <time datetime="2011">2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Table+1%3A+Human+Development+Index+and+its+Components&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2011&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Fmedia%2FHDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li></ul> </div> Etimologie <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r12727094"><div class="refbegin references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 33em; -webkit-column-width: 33em; column-width: 33em;"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/266465/Hindustan">Hindustan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-17">17 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindustan&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F266465%2FHindustan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKaye1997" class="citation">Kaye, A. S. (<time datetime="1997-09-01">1 septembrie 1997</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=T6jmziooEk0C&pg=PA639">Phonologies of Asia and Africa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eisenbrauns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eisenbrauns — pagină inexistentă">Eisenbrauns</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5349903" class="extiw" title="d:Q5349903">d</a>), <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-57506-019-4" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-57506-019-4">978-1-57506-019-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phonologies+of+Asia+and+Africa&rft.pub=%3AEisenbrauns%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Eisenbrauns+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-019-4&rft.aulast=Kaye&rft.aufirst=A.+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT6jmziooEk0C%26pg%3DPA639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKuiper2010" class="citation">Kuiper, K., ed. (iulie 2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=LiqloV4JnNUC">Culture of India</a>, Rosen Publishing Group, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-61530-203-1" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-61530-203-1">978-1-61530-203-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+of+India&rft.pub=Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2010-07&rft.isbn=978-1-61530-203-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DLiqloV4JnNUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Law_and_Justice_2008" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf">Constitution of India</a> (PDF), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Law and Justice — pagină inexistentă">Ministry of Law and Justice</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7032562" class="extiw" title="d:Q7032562">d</a>), <time datetime="2008-07-29">29 iulie 2008</time>, accesat în <time datetime="2012-03-03">3 martie 2012</time>, <q>Article 1(1): "India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+India&rft.pub=%3AMinistry+of+Law+and+Justice%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Ministry+of+Law+and+Justice+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2008-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawmin.nic.in%2Fcoi%2Fcoiason29july08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOxford_English_Dictionary" class="citation">„India”, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/">[[Oxford English Dictionary]]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-17">17 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=India&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988">  Conflict URL–wikilink (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#wikilink_in_url" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li></ul> </div> Istorie <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r12727094"><div class="refbegin references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 33em; -webkit-column-width: 33em; column-width: 33em;"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAsherTalbot2008" class="citation">Asher, C. B.; Talbot, C (<time datetime="2008-01-01">1 ianuarie 2008</time>), India Before Europe (ed. 1st), <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-521-51750-8" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-521-51750-8">978-0-521-51750-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Before+Europe&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-521-51750-8&rft.aulast=Asher&rft.aufirst=C.+B.&rft.au=Talbot%2C+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBoseJalal2011" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sugata_Bose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sugata Bose — pagină inexistentă">Bose, S.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayesha_Jalal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayesha Jalal — pagină inexistentă">Jalal, A.</a> (<time datetime="2011-03-11">11 martie 2011</time>), Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy (ed. 3rd), <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-415-77942-5" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-415-77942-5">978-0-415-77942-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+South+Asia%3A+History%2C+Culture%2C+Political+Economy&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.isbn=978-0-415-77942-5&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Jalal%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrown1994" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_M._Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judith M. Brown — pagină inexistentă">Brown, J. M.</a> (<time datetime="1994-05-26">26 mai 1994</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=PaKdsF8WzbcC">Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Short_Oxford_History_of_the_Modern_World&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Short Oxford History of the Modern World — pagină inexistentă">The Short Oxford History of the Modern World</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7763980" class="extiw" title="d:Q7763980">d</a>) (ed. 2nd), <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-19-873113-9" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-19-873113-9">978-0-19-873113-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+India%3A+The+Origins+of+an+Asian+Democracy&rft.series=%3AThe+Short+Oxford+History+of+the+Modern+World%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22The+Short+Oxford+History+of+the+Modern+World+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1994-05-26&rft.isbn=978-0-19-873113-9&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPaKdsF8WzbcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCopland2001" class="citation">Copland, I. (<time datetime="2001-10-08">8 octombrie 2001</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=Dw1uAAAAMAAJ">India 1885–1947: The Unmaking of an Empire</a> (ed. 1st), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Longman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longman — pagină inexistentă">Longman</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911673" class="extiw" title="d:Q911673">d</a>), <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-582-38173-5" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-582-38173-5">978-0-582-38173-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+1885%E2%80%931947%3A+The+Unmaking+of+an+Empire&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%3ALongman%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Longman+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2001-10-08&rft.isbn=978-0-582-38173-5&rft.aulast=Copland&rft.aufirst=I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DDw1uAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKulkeRothermund2004" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Kulke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Kulke — pagină inexistentă">Kulke, H.</a>; Rothermund, D. (<time datetime="2004-08-01">1 august 2004</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=V73N8js5ZgAC">A History of India</a>, 4th, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-415-32920-0" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-415-32920-0">978-0-415-32920-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.series=4th&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.isbn=978-0-415-32920-0&rft.aulast=Kulke&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Rothermund%2C+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV73N8js5ZgAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLudden2002" class="citation">Ludden, D. (<time datetime="2002-06-13">13 iunie 2002</time>), India and South Asia: A Short History, <a href="/w/index.php?title=One_World&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="One World — pagină inexistentă">One World</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7093419" class="extiw" title="d:Q7093419">d</a>), <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-85168-237-9" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-85168-237-9">978-1-85168-237-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+and+South+Asia%3A+A+Short+History&rft.pub=%3AOne+World%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22One+World+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2002-06-13&rft.isbn=978-1-85168-237-9&rft.aulast=Ludden&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMetcalfMetcalf2006" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Metcalf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara Metcalf — pagină inexistentă">Metcalf, B.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_R._Metcalf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas R. 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=SXdVS0SzQSAC">A History of India</a> (ed. 1st), Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-631-20546-3" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-631-20546-3">978-0-631-20546-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=1998-06-16&rft.isbn=978-0-631-20546-3&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSXdVS0SzQSAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Dat%C4%83_%C8%99i_an" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an">link</a>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2010-04-27&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-9509-6&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQY4zdTDwMAQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Dat%C4%83_%C8%99i_an" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Dată și an">link</a>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Department_of_Agriculture" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520002800/http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/India/">„Briefing Rooms: India”</a>, Economic Research Service, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Departamentul_Agriculturii_al_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departamentul Agriculturii al Statelor Unite ale Americii — pagină inexistentă">United States Department of Agriculture</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501542" class="extiw" title="d:Q501542">d</a>), <time datetime="2009-12-17">17 decembrie 2009</time>, arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/India/">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-05-20">20 mai 2011</time>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-17">17 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Research+Service&rft.atitle=Briefing+Rooms%3A+India&rft.date=2009-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ers.usda.gov%2FBriefing%2FIndia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFThapar2003" class="citation">Thapar, Romila (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=O2OgAAAAMAAJ">Penguin history of early India: from the origins to A.D.1300</a>, Penguin Books, accesat în <time datetime="2012-02-13">13 februarie 2012</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penguin+history+of+early+India%3A+from+the+origins+to+A.D.1300&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Thapar&rft.aufirst=Romila&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO2OgAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWitzel2003" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Witzel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Witzel — pagină inexistentă">Witzel, Michael</a> (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>), „Vedas and Upanișads”, În Gavin D. 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(<time datetime="2003-01-01">1 ianuarie 2003</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=jDaLQwAACAAJ">Manorama Yearbook</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayala_Manorama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malayala Manorama — pagină inexistentă">Malayala Manorama</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732186" class="extiw" title="d:Q2732186">d</a>), <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-81-900461-8-3" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-81-900461-8-3">978-81-900461-8-3</a>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-21">21 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manorama+Yearbook&rft.pub=%3AMalayala+Manorama%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Malayala+Manorama+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-900461-8-3&rft.aulast=Mathew&rft.aufirst=K.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjDaLQwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNational_Informatics_Centre2005" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_symbols.php">„National Symbols of India”</a>, Know India, <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Informatics_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Informatics Centre — pagină inexistentă">National Informatics Centre</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313019" class="extiw" title="d:Q313019">d</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of India — pagină inexistentă">Government of India</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2767140" class="extiw" title="d:Q2767140">d</a>), accesat în <time datetime="2009-09-27">27 septembrie 2009</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Know+India&rft.atitle=National+Symbols+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia.gov.in%2Fknowindia%2Fnational_symbols.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNeuborne2003" class="citation">Neuborne, B. 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Chand</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7387409" class="extiw" title="d:Q7387409">d</a>), <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-81-219-2203-6" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-81-219-2203-6">978-81-219-2203-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Longest+Constitutional+Document&rft.btitle=Constitutional+Government+in+India&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=%3AS.+Chand%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22S.+Chand+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-219-2203-6&rft.aulast=Pylee&rft.aufirst=M.+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DveDUJCjr5U4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPylee2003b" class="citation">Pylee, M. 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Chand</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7387409" class="extiw" title="d:Q7387409">d</a>), <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-81-219-2203-6" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-81-219-2203-6">978-81-219-2203-6</a>, accesat în <time datetime="2007-11-02">2 noiembrie 2007</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Union+Judiciary%3A+The+Supreme+Court&rft.btitle=Constitutional+Government+in+India&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=%3AS.+Chand%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22S.+Chand+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-219-2203-6&rft.aulast=Pylee&rft.aufirst=M.+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DveDUJCjr5U4C%26pg%3DPA314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRajagopalan2003" class="citation book">Rajagopalan, Swarna (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U9gONC5qDfwC&pg=PA241">„Secularism in India: Accepted Principle, Contentious Interpretation”</a>. 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(<time datetime="2008-12-24">24 decembrie 2008</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JL7QfWJ5Yk0C">India's Open-Economy Policy: Globalism, Rivalry, Continuity</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taylor_%26_Francis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taylor & Francis — pagină inexistentă">Taylor & Francis</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880582" class="extiw" title="d:Q880582">d</a>), <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-415-77684-4" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-415-77684-4">978-0-415-77684-4</a>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-23">23 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Open-Economy+Policy%3A+Globalism%2C+Rivalry%2C+Continuity&rft.pub=%3ATaylor+%26+Francis%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Taylor+%26amp%3B+Francis+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2008-12-24&rft.isbn=978-0-415-77684-4&rft.aulast=Alamgir&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJL7QfWJ5Yk0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBonner2010" class="citation">Bonner, B (<time datetime="2010-03-20">20 martie 2010</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/Business/The-Daily-Reckoning/2010/0320/Make-way-world.-India-is-on-the-move">Make Way, World. India Is on the Move</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Science_Monitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Science Monitor — pagină inexistentă">Christian Science Monitor</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284947" class="extiw" title="d:Q284947">d</a>), accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-23">23 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Make+Way%2C+World.+India+Is+on+the+Move&rft.pub=%3AChristian+Science+Monitor%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Christian+Science+Monitor+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2010-03-20&rft.aulast=Bonner&rft.aufirst=B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FBusiness%2FThe-Daily-Reckoning%2F2010%2F0320%2FMake-way-world.-India-is-on-the-move&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritish_Broadcasting_Corporation_2010_c" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11782795">„India Lost $462bn in Illegal Capital Flows, Says Report”</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC">British Broadcasting Corporation</a>, <time datetime="2010-11-18">18 noiembrie 2010</time>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-23">23 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=India+Lost+%24462bn+in+Illegal+Capital+Flows%2C+Says+Report&rft.date=2010-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-south-asia-11782795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBusiness_Line_2010" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/article988689.ece?ref=archive">„India Second Fastest Growing Auto Market After China”</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Business_Line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Business Line — pagină inexistentă">Business Line</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279739" class="extiw" title="d:Q279739">d</a>), <time datetime="2010-04-09">9 aprilie 2010</time>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-23">23 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%3ABusiness+Line%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Business+Line+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.atitle=India+Second+Fastest+Growing+Auto+Market+After+China&rft.date=2010-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Farticle988689.ece%3Fref%3Darchive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEconomist_2011" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/21531527">India's Economy: Not Just Rubies and Polyester Shirts</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, <time datetime="2011-10-08">8 octombrie 2011</time>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-10-09">9 octombrie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Economy%3A+Not+Just+Rubies+and+Polyester+Shirts&rft.pub=The+Economist&rft.date=2011-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F21531527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFExpress_India_2009" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20130102144817/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/indian-car-exports-surge-36/528633/">„Indian Car Exports Surge 36%”</a>, Express India, <time datetime="2009-10-13">13 octombrie 2009</time>, arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Indian-car-exports-surge-36/528633/">original</a> la <time datetime="2013-01-02">2 ianuarie 2013</time>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-23">23 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Express+India&rft.atitle=Indian+Car+Exports+Surge+36%25&rft.date=2009-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expressindia.com%2Flatest-news%2FIndian-car-exports-surge-36%2F528633%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Monetary_Fund_2011" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=20&pr.y=6&sy=1991&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=548%2C566%2C524%2C578%2C534%2C536%2C429&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a=">Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: India, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, aprilie 2011, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-23">23 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects%3A+India%2C+Indonesia%2C+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran%2C+Malaysia%2C+Philippines%2C+Sri+Lanka%2C+Thailand&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=2011-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2011%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D20%26pr.y%3D6%26sy%3D1991%26ey%3D2016%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D548%252C566%252C524%252C578%252C534%252C536%252C429%26s%3DNGDPDPC%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFarrellBeinhocker2007" class="citation">Farrell, D.; Beinhocker, E. (<time datetime="2007-05-19">19 mai 2007</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111116211914/http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/mginews/bigspenders.asp">Next Big Spenders: India's Middle Class</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=McKinsey_%26_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McKinsey & Company — pagină inexistentă">McKinsey & Company</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310207" class="extiw" title="d:Q310207">d</a>), arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/mginews/bigspenders.asp">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-11-16">16 noiembrie 2011</time>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-17">17 septembrie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Next+Big+Spenders%3A+India%27s+Middle+Class&rft.pub=%3AMcKinsey+%26+Company%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22McKinsey+%26amp%3B+Company+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2007-05-19&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Beinhocker%2C+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mckinsey.com%2Fmgi%2Fmginews%2Fbigspenders.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGargan1992" class="citation">Gargan, E. A. (<time datetime="1992-08-15">15 august 1992</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/15/world/india-stumbles-in-rush-to-a-free-market-economy.html">India Stumbles in Rush to a Free Market Economy</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-22">22 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Stumbles+in+Rush+to+a+Free+Market+Economy&rft.pub=The+New+York+Times&rft.date=1992-08-15&rft.aulast=Gargan&rft.aufirst=E.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F08%2F15%2Fworld%2Findia-stumbles-in-rush-to-a-free-market-economy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Monetary_Fund_2011" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/update/02/pdf/0611.pdf">World Economic Outlook Update</a> (PDF), <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, iunie 2011, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-22">22 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Update&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2011%2Fupdate%2F02%2Fpdf%2F0611.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNayakGoldarAgrawal2010" class="citation">Nayak, P. 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Rao</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SAGE_Publications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SAGE Publications — pagină inexistentă">SAGE Publications</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251266" class="extiw" title="d:Q251266">d</a>), <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-81-321-0452-0" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-81-321-0452-0">978-81-321-0452-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Economy+and+Growth%3A+Essays+in+Honour+of+V.+K.+R.+V.+Rao&rft.pub=%3ASAGE+Publications%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22SAGE+Publications+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2010-11-10&rft.isbn=978-81-321-0452-0&rft.aulast=Nayak&rft.aufirst=P.+B.&rft.au=Goldar%2C+B.&rft.au=Agrawal%2C+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN1Ho2SGXUHwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOlson2009" class="citation">Olson, R. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Country+Overview+September+2010&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft.date=2010-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbank.org.in%2FWBSITE%2FEXTERNAL%2FCOUNTRIES%2FSOUTHASIAEXT%2FINDIAEXTN%2F0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A20195738~menuPK%3A295591~pagePK%3A141137~piPK%3A141127~theSitePK%3A295584%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Trade_Organisation_2010" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres10_e/pr598_e.htm">Trade to Expand by 9.5% in 2010 After a Dismal 2009, WTO Reports</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Trade Organisation">World Trade Organisation</a>, <time datetime="2010-03-26">26 martie 2010</time>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-23">23 iulie 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(<time datetime="2011-09-27">27 septembrie 2011</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204422404576595972728958728.html">ReNew Wind Power Gets $201 Million Goldman Investment</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-27">27 septembrie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ReNew+Wind+Power+Gets+%24201+Million+Goldman+Investment&rft.pub=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.date=2011-09-27&rft.aulast=Yep&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052970204422404576595972728958728.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNasscom_2011–2012" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120509061653/http://nasscom.org/indian-itbpo-industry">Indian IT-BPO Industry</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=NASSCOM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NASSCOM — pagină inexistentă">NASSCOM</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1959813" class="extiw" title="d:Q1959813">d</a>), 2011-2012, arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasscom.org/indian-itbpo-industry">original</a> (HTML/PDF) la 2012-05-09, accesat în 22 June 20012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+IT-BPO+Industry&rft.pub=%3ANASSCOM%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22NASSCOM+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2011%2F2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasscom.org%2Findian-itbpo-industry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988">  Verificați datele pentru: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#bad_date" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWTO_1995" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm">UNDERSTANDING THE WTO: THE ORGANIZATION Members and Observers</a> (HTML), 1995, accesat în 23 June 20012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UNDERSTANDING+THE+WTO%3A+THE+ORGANIZATION+Members+and+Observers&rft.date=1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wto.org%2Fenglish%2Fthewto_e%2Fwhatis_e%2Ftif_e%2Forg6_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988">  Verificați datele pentru: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#bad_date" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li></ul> </div> Demografie <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r12727094"><div class="refbegin references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 33em; -webkit-column-width: 33em; column-width: 33em;"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBonner1990" class="citation">Bonner, A. (<time datetime="1990">1990</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=uxJlAgRemHgC">Averting the Apocalypse: Social Movements in India Today</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duke_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duke University Press — pagină inexistentă">Duke University Press</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3041095" class="extiw" title="d:Q3041095">d</a>), <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8223-1048-8" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8223-1048-8">978-0-8223-1048-8</a>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-24">24 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Averting+the+Apocalypse%3A+Social+Movements+in+India+Today&rft.pub=%3ADuke+University+Press%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Duke+University+Press+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-1048-8&rft.aulast=Bonner&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuxJlAgRemHgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBoston_Analytics2009" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728164230/http://www.bostonanalytics.com/india_watch/Healthcare%20in%20India%20Executive%20Summary.pdf">Healthcare in India: Report Highlights</a> (PDF), Boston Analytics, ianuarie 2009, arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bostonanalytics.com/india_watch/Healthcare%20in%20India%20Executive%20Summary.pdf">original</a> (PDF) la <time datetime="2011-07-28">28 iulie 2011</time>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-23">23 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Healthcare+in+India%3A+Report+Highlights&rft.pub=Boston+Analytics&rft.date=2009-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbostonanalytics.com%2Findia_watch%2FHealthcare%2520in%2520India%2520Executive%2520Summary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDevRao2009" class="citation">Dev, S. M.; Rao, N. C. (<time datetime="2009">2009</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=adhKjRoTjcIC">India: Perspectives on Equitable Development</a>, Academic Foundation, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-81-7188-685-2" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-81-7188-685-2">978-81-7188-685-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%3A+Perspectives+on+Equitable+Development&rft.pub=Academic+Foundation&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-7188-685-2&rft.aulast=Dev&rft.aufirst=S.+M.&rft.au=Rao%2C+N.+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DadhKjRoTjcIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDharwadker2010" class="citation">Dharwadker, A. (<time datetime="2010-10-28">28 octombrie 2010</time>), „Representing India's Pasts: Time, Culture, and Problems of Performance Historiography”, În Canning, C. M.; Postlewait, T., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Rgf0gbml2ocC">Representing the Past: Essays in Performance Historiography</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Iowa_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Iowa Press — pagină inexistentă">University of Iowa Press</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7895564" class="extiw" title="d:Q7895564">d</a>), <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-58729-905-6" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-58729-905-6">978-1-58729-905-6</a>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-24">24 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Representing+India%27s+Pasts%3A+Time%2C+Culture%2C+and+Problems+of+Performance+Historiography&rft.btitle=Representing+the+Past%3A+Essays+in+Performance+Historiography&rft.pub=%3AUniversity+of+Iowa+Press%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22University+of+Iowa+Press+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2010-10-28&rft.isbn=978-1-58729-905-6&rft.aulast=Dharwadker&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRgf0gbml2ocC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDrèzeGoyal2008" class="citation">Drèze, J.; Goyal, A. 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border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#param_has_ext_link" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Home_Affairs_1960" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rajbhasha.nic.in/enpres-1960.htm">Notification No. 2/8/60-O.L</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Home_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Home Affairs — pagină inexistentă">Ministry of Home Affairs</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2607861" class="extiw" title="d:Q2607861">d</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of India — pagină inexistentă">Government of India</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2767140" class="extiw" title="d:Q2767140">d</a>), <time datetime="1960-04-27">27 aprilie 1960</time>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-05-13">13 mai 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notification+No.+2%2F8%2F60-O.L&rft.pub=%3AMinistry+of+Home+Affairs%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Ministry+of+Home+Affairs+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E%2C+%3AGovernment+of+India%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Government+of+India+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=1960-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frajbhasha.nic.in%2Fenpres-1960.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Home_Affairs_2010–2011" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx">„Religious Composition”</a>, Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Home_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Home Affairs — pagină inexistentă">Ministry of Home Affairs</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2607861" class="extiw" title="d:Q2607861">d</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of India — pagină inexistentă">Government of India</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2767140" class="extiw" title="d:Q2767140">d</a>), <time datetime="2010">2010</time>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-23">23 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Registrar+General+and+Census+Commissioner&rft.atitle=Religious+Composition&rft.date=2010%2F2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2FCensus_Data_2001%2FIndia_at_glance%2Freligion.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Home_Affairs_2010–2011_b" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/National_Summary/National_Summary_DataPage.aspx">„Census Data 2001”</a>, Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Home_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Home Affairs — pagină inexistentă">Ministry of Home Affairs</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2607861" class="extiw" title="d:Q2607861">d</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of India — pagină inexistentă">Government of India</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2767140" class="extiw" title="d:Q2767140">d</a>), <time datetime="2010">2010</time>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-22">22 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Registrar+General+and+Census+Commissioner&rft.atitle=Census+Data+2001&rft.date=2010%2F2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2FCensus_Data_2001%2FNational_Summary%2FNational_Summary_DataPage.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOttenheimer2008" class="citation">Ottenheimer, H. 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(<time datetime="2011-03-18">18 martie 2011</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=jhTiCnh6RqAC&pg=PA46">A Joint Enterprise: Indian Elites and the Making of British Bombay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Minnesota_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Minnesota Press — pagină inexistentă">University of Minnesota Press</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7895804" class="extiw" title="d:Q7895804">d</a>), <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8166-7037-6" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8166-7037-6">978-0-8166-7037-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Joint+Enterprise%3A+Indian+Elites+and+the+Making+of+British+Bombay&rft.pub=%3AUniversity+of+Minnesota+Press%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22University+of+Minnesota+Press+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2011-03-18&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-7037-6&rft.aulast=Chopra&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjhTiCnh6RqAC%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCullen-Dupont2009" class="citation">Cullen-Dupont, K. (iulie 2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=B2GeSNXy5CoC">Human Trafficking</a> (ed. 1st), <a href="/wiki/Infobase_Publishing" title="Infobase Publishing">Infobase Publishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-8160-7545-4" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-8160-7545-4">978-0-8160-7545-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Trafficking&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009-07&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-7545-4&rft.aulast=Cullen-Dupont&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB2GeSNXy5CoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDas2005" class="citation">Das, S. 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(<time datetime="2005-01-01">1 ianuarie 2005</time>), A History of Indian Literature, 500–1399: From Courtly to the Popular, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahitya_Akademi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahitya Akademi — pagină inexistentă">Sahitya Akademi</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3349399" class="extiw" title="d:Q3349399">d</a>), <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-81-260-2171-0" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-81-260-2171-0">978-81-260-2171-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Indian+Literature%2C+500%E2%80%931399%3A+From+Courtly+to+the+Popular&rft.pub=%3ASahitya+Akademi%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Sahitya+Akademi+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-260-2171-0&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=S.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDatta2006" class="citation">Datta, A. 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(<time datetime="2001-11-15">15 noiembrie 2001</time>), The Recognition of Śakuntalā: A Play in Seven Acts, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-19-283911-4" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-19-283911-4">978-0-19-283911-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Recognition+of+%C5%9Aakuntal%C4%81%3A+A+Play+in+Seven+Acts&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001-11-15&rft.isbn=978-0-19-283911-4&rft.au=K%C4%81lid%C4%81sa&rft.au=Johnson%2C+W.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKaminskyLong2011" class="citation">Kaminsky, Arnold P.; Long, Roger D. 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K.</a> (octombrie 2002), Yakṣagāna, Abhinav Publications, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-81-7017-357-1" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-81-7017-357-1">978-81-7017-357-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yak%E1%B9%A3ag%C4%81na&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=2002-10&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-357-1&rft.aulast=Karanth&rft.aufirst=S.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKipleOrnelas2000" class="citation">Kiple, K. F.; Ornelas, K. C., ed. (<time datetime="2000">2000</time>), The Cambridge World History of Food, Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-521-40216-3" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-521-40216-3">978-0-521-40216-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+World+History+of+Food&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-521-40216-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKuiper2010" class="citation">Kuiper, K., ed. 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(<time datetime="2007">2007</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ujYmdNVIr7QC">An American's Guide to Doing Business in India</a>, Adams, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-59869-211-2" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-59869-211-2">978-1-59869-211-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+American%27s+Guide+to+Doing+Business+in+India&rft.pub=Adams&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59869-211-2&rft.aulast=Makar&rft.aufirst=E.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DujYmdNVIr7QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a>]</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMasseyMassey1998" class="citation">Massey, R.; Massey, J (<time datetime="1998">1998</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=yySNDP9XVggC">The Music of India</a>, Abhinav Publications, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-81-7017-332-8" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-81-7017-332-8">978-81-7017-332-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Music+of+India&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-332-8&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Massey%2C+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyySNDP9XVggC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMedora2003" class="citation">Medora, N. (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>), „Mate Selection in Contemporary India: Love Marriages Versus Arranged Marriages”, În Hamon, R. R.; Ingoldsby, B. 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Media Research Users Council. Growth: Literacy & Media Consumption. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mruc.net/irs2012q1-topline-findings.pdf">original</a> (PDF) la <time datetime="2014-04-07">7 aprilie 2014</time>. Accesat în <time datetime="2012-09-12">12 septembrie 2012</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Readership+Survey+2012+Q1+%3A+Topline+Findings&rft.pages=Growth%3A+Literacy+%26+Media+Consumption&rft.pub=Media+Research+Users+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmruc.net%2Firs2012q1-topline-findings.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMehta2008" class="citation">Mehta, Nalin (<time datetime="2008-07-30">30 iulie 2008</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=R-BsSzSjnTYC">Television in India: Satellites, Politics and Cultural Change</a>, Taylor & Francis US, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-415-44759-1" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-415-44759-1">978-0-415-44759-1</a>, accesat în <time datetime="2012-09-12">12 septembrie 2012</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Television+in+India%3A+Satellites%2C+Politics+and+Cultural+Change&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis+US&rft.date=2008-07-30&rft.isbn=978-0-415-44759-1&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Nalin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR-BsSzSjnTYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMint_2010" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livemint.com/2010/09/24211250/Is-boxing-the-new-cricket.html">Is Boxing the New Cricket?</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mint — pagină inexistentă">Mint</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271133" class="extiw" title="d:Q2271133">d</a>), <time datetime="2010-09-24">24 septembrie 2010</time>, accesat în <time datetime="2010-10-05">5 octombrie 2010</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Is+Boxing+the+New+Cricket%3F&rft.pub=%3AMint%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Mint+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2010-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2F2010%2F09%2F24211250%2FIs-boxing-the-new-cricket.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNakamura1999" class="citation">Nakamura, H. 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(<time datetime="2011-05-10">10 mai 2011</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/11/dining/a-tandoor-oven-brings-indias-heat-to-the-backyard.html">A Tandoor Oven Brings India's Heat to the Backyard</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-06-14">14 iunie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Tandoor+Oven+Brings+India%27s+Heat+to+the+Backyard&rft.pub=The+New+York+Times&rft.date=2011-05-10&rft.aulast=Raichlen&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F05%2F11%2Fdining%2Fa-tandoor-oven-brings-indias-heat-to-the-backyard.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRajadhyakshaWillemen1999" class="citation">Rajadhyaksha, A.; Willemen, P., ed. 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(translator)</a> (<time datetime="1985-10-15">15 octombrie 1985</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=nIybE0HRvdQC">Poems of Love and War: From the Eight Anthologies and the Ten Long Poems of Classical Tamil</a>, New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>, pp. ix–x, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-231-05107-1" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-231-05107-1">978-0-231-05107-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poems+of+Love+and+War%3A+From+the+Eight+Anthologies+and+the+Ten+Long+Poems+of+Classical+Tamil&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=ix-x&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1985-10-15&rft.isbn=978-0-231-05107-1&rft.aulast=Ramanujan&rft.aufirst=A.+K.+%28translator%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DnIybE0HRvdQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRawat2011" class="citation">Rawat, Ramnarayan S (<time datetime="2011-03-23">23 martie 2011</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bz5dKC81O3IC&pg=PA3">Reconsidering Untouchability: Chamars and Dalit History in North India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-253-22262-6" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-253-22262-6">978-0-253-22262-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reconsidering+Untouchability%3A+Chamars+and+Dalit+History+in+North+India&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2011-03-23&rft.isbn=978-0-253-22262-6&rft.aulast=Rawat&rft.aufirst=Ramnarayan+S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbz5dKC81O3IC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRediff_2008_b" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/sports/2008/oct/29anand.htm">Anand Crowned World Champion</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rediff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rediff — pagină inexistentă">Rediff</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140676" class="extiw" title="d:Q140676">d</a>), <time datetime="2008-10-29">29 octombrie 2008</time>, accesat în <time datetime="2008-10-29">29 octombrie 2008</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anand+Crowned+World+Champion&rft.pub=%3ARediff%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Rediff+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2008-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fsports%2F2008%2Foct%2F29anand.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2004" class="citation">Roberts, N. 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(<time datetime="2009-01-01">1 ianuarie 2009</time>), A History of Indian Literature, 1 (ed. 2nd), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Motilal_Banarsidass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motilal Banarsidass — pagină inexistentă">Motilal Banarsidass</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165861" class="extiw" title="d:Q1165861">d</a>), <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-81-208-0264-3" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-81-208-0264-3">978-81-208-0264-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Indian+Literature&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=%3AMotilal+Banarsidass%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Motilal+Banarsidass+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0264-3&rft.aulast=Sarma&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSchoenhals2003" class="citation">Schoenhals, M. 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(<time datetime="2011">2011</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/285248/India/46404/Caste">„India”</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-17">17 iulie 2011</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=India&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Schwartzberg&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F285248%2FIndia%2F46404%2FCaste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988">  <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|chapter=</code> ignorat (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#chapter_ignored" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSen2006" class="citation">Sen, A. 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L.; Gabriel, N. (<time datetime="2008-09-01">1 septembrie 2008</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=BNR1KGJXX9cC&pg=PA158">Educational Opportunities in Integrative Medicine: The A-to-Z Healing Arts Guide and Professional Resource Directory</a> (ed. 1st), The Hunter Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-9776552-4-3" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-9776552-4-3">978-0-9776552-4-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Educational+Opportunities+in+Integrative+Medicine%3A+The+A-to-Z+Healing+Arts+Guide+and+Professional+Resource+Directory&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=The+Hunter+Press&rft.date=2008-09-01&rft.isbn=978-0-9776552-4-3&rft.aulast=Wengell&rft.aufirst=D.+L.&rft.au=Gabriel%2C+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBNR1KGJXX9cC%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Bank_2011" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/05/05/000356161_20110505044659/Rendered/PDF/574280PUB0Pers1351B0Extop0ID0186890.pdf">„Intergenerational Mobility for Dalits Is Visible, Albeit Limited”</a> (PDF). World Bank Report 2011. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1596%2F978-0-8213-8689-7">10.1596/978-0-8213-8689-7</a>. Accesat în <time datetime="2012-09-06">6 septembrie 2012</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bank+Report+2011&rft.atitle=Intergenerational+Mobility+for+Dalits+Is+Visible%2C+Albeit+Limited&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1596%2F978-0-8213-8689-7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-wds.worldbank.org%2Fexternal%2Fdefault%2FWDSContentServer%2FWDSP%2FIB%2F2011%2F05%2F05%2F000356161_20110505044659%2FRendered%2FPDF%2F574280PUB0Pers1351B0Extop0ID0186890.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFXavier2010" class="citation">Xavier, L. (<time datetime="2010-09-12">12 septembrie 2010</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120106234140/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-12/wrestling/28272312_1_sushil-kumar-first-indian-wrestler-semifinal-bout">Sushil Kumar Wins Gold in World Wrestling Championship</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Times_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Times of India — pagină inexistentă">The Times of India</a>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46807" class="extiw" title="d:Q46807">d</a>), arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-09-12/wrestling/28272312_1_sushil-kumar-first-indian-wrestler-semifinal-bout">original</a> la <time datetime="2012-01-06">6 ianuarie 2012</time>, accesat în <time datetime="2010-10-05">5 octombrie 2010</time></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sushil+Kumar+Wins+Gold+in+World+Wrestling+Championship&rft.pub=%3AThe+Times+of+India%3Csup%3E%3Csmall%3E%E2%81%A0%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22The+Times+of+India+la+Wikidata%22%3Ed%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3C%2Fsmall%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.date=2010-09-12&rft.aulast=Xavier&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com%2F2010-09-12%2Fwrestling%2F28272312_1_sushil-kumar-first-indian-wrestler-semifinal-bout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFYadavMcNeilStevenson2007" class="citation">Yadav, S. S.; McNeil, D.; Stevenson, P. C. (<time datetime="2007-10-23">23 octombrie 2007</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=VfT6hZHpXPkC&pg=PA174">Lentil: An Ancient Crop for Modern Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-4020-6312-1" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-4020-6312-1">978-1-4020-6312-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lentil%3A+An+Ancient+Crop+for+Modern+Times&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007-10-23&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-6312-1&rft.aulast=Yadav&rft.aufirst=S.+S.&rft.au=McNeil%2C+D.&rft.au=Stevenson%2C+P.+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DVfT6hZHpXPkC%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFZvelebil1997" class="citation">Zvelebil, K. V. (<time datetime="1997-08-01">1 august 1997</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qAPtq49DZfoC">Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-90-04-09365-2" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-90-04-09365-2">978-90-04-09365-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Companion+Studies+to+the+History+of+Tamil+Literature&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09365-2&rft.aulast=Zvelebil&rft.aufirst=K.+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqAPtq49DZfoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lectură_suplimentară">Lectură suplimentară</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifică secțiunea: Lectură suplimentară" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Lectură suplimentară">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <ul><li>O istorie a Indiei, Hermann Kulke, Dietmar Rothermund, Editura Artemis, 2003</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe">Legături externe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">modificare</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe">modificare sursă</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> Materiale media legate de <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/India" class="extiw" title="commons:India">India</a> la <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dexonline.ro/definitie-de/India">„India” la DEX online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbase.com/perrona/faces_of_india">Fețe ale Indiei</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amosnews.ro/arhiva/ziua-nationala-indiei-26-01-2008">Ziua Națională a Indiei</a>, 26 ianuarie 2008, Amos News</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.descopera.ro/travelling/2504276-india-locul-in-care-se-nastea-infinitul-i">India – locul în care se năștea infinitul (I)</a>, 31 martie 2008, Andrada Fiscutean, Descoperă</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.descopera.ro/travelling/2527343-india-locul-in-care-se-nastea-infinitul-ii">India – locul în care se năștea infinitul (II)</a>, 7 aprilie 2008, Andrada Fiscutean, Descoperă</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mae.ro/node/3118">Republica India</a>, mae.ro</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mae.ro/bilateral-relations/3117">Relațiile dintre România și India</a>, mae.ro</li></ul> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Subiecte_India" title="Format:Subiecte India">v</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Subiecte_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Subiecte India — pagină inexistentă">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Subiecte_India&action=edit">m</a></div></div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a> — <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Indieni" title="Categorie:Indieni">Indieni</a> — <a href="/wiki/Lista_limbilor_vorbite_%C3%AEn_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista limbilor vorbite în India">Limbile vorbite în India</a> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ap%C4%83rarea_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apărarea Indiei — pagină inexistentă">Apărare</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_localit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_din_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de localități din India — pagină inexistentă">Așezări</a> · <a href="/wiki/New_Dehli" class="mw-redirect" title="New Dehli">Capitala</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clima_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clima Indiei — pagină inexistentă">Climă</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_conduc%C4%83tori_ai_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de conducători ai Indiei — pagină inexistentă">Conducători</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cultura_Indiei" title="Cultura Indiei">Cultură</a> · <a href="/wiki/Demografia_Indiei" title="Demografia Indiei">Demografie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Drapelul_Indiei" title="Drapelul Indiei">Drapel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Economia_Indiei" title="Economia Indiei">Economie</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Educa%C8%9Bia_%C3%AEn_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Educația în India — pagină inexistentă">Educație</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna Indiei — pagină inexistentă">Faună</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora Indiei — pagină inexistentă">Floră</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geografia_Indiei" title="Geografia Indiei">Geografie</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrografia_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrografia Indiei — pagină inexistentă">Hidrografie</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istoria_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istoria Indiei — pagină inexistentă">Istorie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lista_ora%C8%99elor_din_India" title="Lista orașelor din India">Orașe</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politica_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politica Indiei — pagină inexistentă">Politică</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%83n%C4%83tatea_%C3%AEn_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sănătatea în India — pagină inexistentă">Sănătate</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sportul_%C3%AEn_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sportul în India — pagină inexistentă">Sport</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stema_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stema Indiei — pagină inexistentă">Stemă</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdiviziunile_Indiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subdiviziunile Indiei — pagină inexistentă">Subdiviziuni</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turismul_%C3%AEn_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turismul în India — pagină inexistentă">Turism</a></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapelul Indiei"><img alt="Drapelul Indiei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/70px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/105px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/140px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_India" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of India">Atlas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Cioturi_India" title="Categorie:Cioturi India">Cioturi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Formate_India" title="Categorie:Formate India">Formate</a> · <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:India" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:India">Imagini</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:India — pagină inexistentă">Portal</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_%C3%AEn_Asia" title="Format:Țări în Asia">v</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_%C3%AEn_Asia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Țări în Asia — pagină inexistentă">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_%C3%AEn_Asia&action=edit">m</a></div></div><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_asiatice" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane asiatice">Țări independente sau recunoscute parțial și regiuni nesuverane în Asia</a> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_asiatice" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane asiatice">Țări independente</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arabia_Saudit%C4%83" title="Arabia Saudită">Arabia Saudită</a> · <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a>2 · <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Birmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmania">Birmania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cambodgia" title="Cambodgia">Cambodgia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză">Republica Populară Chineză</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cipru" title="Cipru">Cipru</a> · <a href="/wiki/Coreea_de_Nord" title="Coreea de Nord">Coreea de Nord</a> · <a href="/wiki/Coreea_de_Sud" title="Coreea de Sud">Coreea de Sud</a> · <a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egipt</a>3 · <a href="/wiki/Emiratele_Arabe_Unite" title="Emiratele Arabe Unite">Emiratele Arabe Unite</a> · <a href="/wiki/Filipine" title="Filipine">Filipine</a> · <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a>2 · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a> · <a href="/wiki/Indonezia" title="Indonezia">Indonezia</a>2 · <a href="/wiki/Iordania" title="Iordania">Iordania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> · <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> · <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan">Kazahstan</a>2 · <a href="/wiki/K%C3%AErg%C3%AEzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kîrgîzstan">Kîrgîzstan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kuweit" title="Kuweit">Kuweit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> · <a href="/wiki/Liban" title="Liban">Liban</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maldive" title="Maldive">Maldive</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>3 · <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> · <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tadjikistan" title="Tadjikistan">Tadjikistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thailanda" title="Thailanda">Thailanda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Timorul_de_Est" title="Timorul de Est">Timorul de Est</a>2 · <a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcia</a>3 · <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </div> </div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/225px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/300px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_asiatice" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane asiatice">Republici, teritorii și regiuni recunoscute parțial</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <a href="/wiki/Abhazia" title="Abhazia">Abhazia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Republica_Turc%C4%83_a_Ciprului_de_Nord" title="Republica Turcă a Ciprului de Nord">Ciprul de Nord</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/Republica_Nagorno-Karabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Nagorno-Karabah">Nagorno-Karabah</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/Osetia_de_Sud" title="Osetia de Sud">Osetia de Sud</a>2 · <a href="/wiki/Statul_Palestina" title="Statul Palestina">Statul Palestina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Republica_Chinez%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Chineză">Republica Chineză</a> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_asiatice" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane asiatice">Teritorii și regiuni nesuverane</a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> </div> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Australia</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Insula_Cr%C4%83ciunului" title="Insula Crăciunului">Insula Crăciunului</a> · <a href="/wiki/Insulele_Cocos" title="Insulele Cocos">Insulele Cocos</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Republica Populară Chineză</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> · <a href="/wiki/Macao" title="Macao">Macao</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Regatul Unit</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_%C8%99i_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri și Dhekelia">Akrotiri și Dhekelia</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/Teritoriul_Britanic_din_Oceanul_Indian" title="Teritoriul Britanic din Oceanul Indian">Teritoriul Britanic din Oceanul Indian</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Irak</div></div> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistanul_Irakian" title="Kurdistanul Irakian">Kurdistanul Irakian</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3">1 În întregime în Asia, dar din punct de vedere istoric este considerat european  · 2 Parțial sau în întregime în Asia, în funcție de definirea graniței  · 3 Stat transcontinental Țări după continent: <a href="/wiki/Format:Africa" title="Format:Africa">Africa</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Format:America_de_Nord" title="Format:America de Nord">America de Nord</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Format:America_de_Sud" title="Format:America de Sud">America de Sud</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_%C3%AEn_Asia" title="Format:Țări în Asia">Asia</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_europene" title="Format:Țări europene">Europa</a>  · <a href="/wiki/Format:Oceania" title="Format:Oceania">Oceania</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16513826"> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90577766">90577766</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451208">XX451208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934238p">cb11934238p</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934238p">(data)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CiNii" 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