CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913585f6ac2bf8d0',cH: 'nnjuyw35yLUb4YSQJ4TCkuX6JWI.9tEn2_dSNMQp8qg-1739792643-1.2.1.1-DEBBTiDr28zWs_kNFttPjKOXTUIS_172lxH7d7ksR1X8VAP3rJtIu5ipLYisyxS0',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=crow%20search&__cf_chl_tk=5eGORgIoUXx5VJ5Yx4FfpCD2VKjy2xZnSn9Sh7RFkJs-1739792643-1.0.1.1-zQysHwUuoeovpKdpS6EklgN0By5Pbp1OWfH6PvWRes0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792643',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=crow%20search&__cf_chl_f_tk=5eGORgIoUXx5VJ5Yx4FfpCD2VKjy2xZnSn9Sh7RFkJs-1739792643-1.0.1.1-zQysHwUuoeovpKdpS6EklgN0By5Pbp1OWfH6PvWRes0",md: "1ZkoHf.6lDWPuXom5R2gDOjFHrLvF3mKfRSL7wmKrlY-1739792643-1.2.1.1-tgr_vEpLfsS7fDYxUEOjFZ93nG1YYpmN.XTql28NJeNh0FVXxCT3n6km7a7GoZ72S6JKvC7ogrBKCJZ8xKdYMOFMIfSD_nwX52HGpZTbkjiEXrfGAE4yGi8k6fs8lwZ19x6oJjIL3H4wj_swgGC5gcXpzM4QzMqetbU3rLFkVlTVnQ0U5dpYzgERapfLhyQLKsH5m3RdUJPmAZjdPFlj3i5j3bum0Eu.YAnXqEf6zaokVl99XztP2remD9QHhYwawwHCyZhzj8gZtvtywwtbe6MdoJWRYoaZNcgJsqpUZT4.LHe41RDqqbx_MpL1Sez2EDNI1yc.hrqhh.p3umwO1yw4ywPti2wB33KS2FbPJwARR8ThP41MEK5_ypexifJFLHx0qOj54q7RbgyInMg7fQE5jVZ96i9O0aypymUa_hS7VYEKJhDNJMG3hneEJZVu9axz98bkNAdqeAFqc1kifsFzKcd4Wiu6WeW2B4l_0YhhsjqIJedzLxSanAa_h3_V_0mdqk5GzTXW24rba6jKY9O5yq1.KYs2NOP8DyXdxLw3eYNIrMTuZKs12inK6JpVxoiIoTL5D748OKtbTI6g5nEncLYT00zBUsMgNAsWD7cxSbaxAjja6v3uu.yCdVaMuOtekI8arWl5WF0Z.ePUEMvTBdj398qeVtW7nurO915lRSjnbljc9FeX_DMdyBQWNjWC54xRspYGSdqqu5rmnTmKRq7kvRnfZ0D7DpgTtA72Nui5.Z33U62PKwyLM.90hJxb.drU4h_5tTqdfnOhgrPqATOhvKH0OG1INHAbnroBFXG8L8pW9IK_Cd7G1vtIbCQTSJ3YZKzDyBJY8a7hZn8MOffbjxF1PMbqYxy75uf9_TpWr1Mtrmfh2zkyz34nVuKiF7hQFbL6ocXB4tLldex9v4hhx21BgIqbq4Zj_0ev8igNkFWFGG933Zt3YeAiismXZsrMM1ZS0ew5Gvzp4PGxO2.KhhNo0tGEvAHG6G6WHdFIHSco03OyCzjYxJFI02L6toMuu.WHTWd6FE4p0pE2qqa7JwQfBjQorY7AFXLtFVK_fDsqjy.KOpxLxDsX2iDIRa4FH2sLSIdw_cqorKWC92PHc1txsD674RdMmPtiAtgf7WO46T0yHLKjOHY_CoVcsPCaeauLg.tRWj9gsdRJH2UbbOSh1V_3.fnm8U6LglzqDgmuRW7q_Rd5OV8iwVlF92GnZMtvCd171D4xM68fwobD5X3erfsKjKLZ64XvaQ.owegoSFncT13.XLEWwNN8NoqkV4qL2uVCJgtW_PEcw.YCnUOb.lbRVxacjhMnBQbDm6EpBjfijxbnc6F2bFT0NpItgjMC5W3fqwhLVNd8x1l5QW4pnJsLn1F_6kf3stIyzsNiQiu0_Y689ApqSlE3_ac48QTEoACsd5t6B8ZcW5glMOMtjCpVGBjxxnLvykD8wfBr.r4YRRMWy.mgv2RFKMj1hOysOy3sjuCYYe2XSzEid0C19uX.Rr0KJbvgSY.QymR9F3CwyPT5Mz4EExiaNQLlrWl_d6uGRWDBsHOIzLdAf0kniXTbFM8t31CIO.HEZOKcttBWBb34XSOxgD.Mno5bGzJntdNQlLVZqoAt3nXtMQD5U2OEbZu97m71bfY5UKaInBkXw1qAfHR_O4f06seHLktdmZKNTOp.7Jz3jMOqN.D9fw_gC2OXjx3bQ52Hdo0PwBqpwMaAY3WIGzE3Dlog0twPpoSjcSPJUOYS18Ez3ErYm289nU707vuPMcB1GIyrWy45usRDxGq08MzTKVhV4SfmiWsz6ukbpelpzcQqXUmIZNfR6wB_Zl_cTENL3hv0xG5hxZ3irlrazuNzLuE89hIliFhkqyVgWMzyLbw6f6Oyf7kJtG4DUV1cY5re4NhiELfwkmqSuMTC34ZqHPdAT4aLm28ITBvr_FY2d7GJqVeedhcqIvLlUYA",mdrd: "QPplhZxhvkXviKo8kYS7gN7Zn4XH7ZPrStB_s0e4ZAY-1739792643-1.2.1.1-v7XxOzgIa9qEh.ny6oaNY1FpbqQCRzCBz78FW58o7e0ZkmgUIaxHC9tcNhUavVmOyfdgLHQk89Nm0mD4hatU9CJ0.6C971i4K6mUVxmGyvFCNtpQvj32p03lwhf15BK49AGqDEfuNV8MRQq62tRobxlLEmbG6swoPF5gChQG23xGzFvGgm84Cijia9yVcmrF9ukYpYo.NeRucsys4v6ZPC6hnHfv.i0pgw4z9zvh7tLX2XcqRLo9nDxWDCe88fhpdXjU5DURL4rghNN_bhgat_nSgRj4V9gFJh.ONBxE4dPS8VgtdrLSrn7WkUDc8hAAs72PazedW0dep1Y_K446.L5qnDKsIpOBqRAzhW.AI4h5wnbniM75Tj.MtVOf3Nb0uMWj6bEt5IGljVbcqde5yVkdipchgZeDC5jp5YiKZJOnGZ1JdNyBDcy4cH97gLnLH43Lasx_5rHafc35iFpGx5kzxFTEci7xWC4GWZAf9v_oyxO39lTWy18UgDlwehbhrq5b_r.lok2XS8dbBk8D1HBfm55JLiKEcrMa_74TZ1kWwoPhVOg51ruOUAqrOPSLSdX4s2OpFgaq0TJsJmG.Db6pjN9.GTOPecLJerpnnB9hw5VTe4Eeabo9ExEhcCub5VnoYvsKDSddTTx_Rj75K.gHuBtWOCM0LEeFjrWjBy1MA163Bg_EczFuME_3N9nqL1WGe4D0P1IlpySFV4gzN2h3M81ktw5OYYQkE7SLxHqovwxARvHtfXPqElx6abEzbrJMqJXOnBUvUvxQNVwsuVMf95eh4HGmCr.ovHDPJb3XzstldUu.2iW093JUwdYaoRtFwrmV9EY3Qlap5otI833MU8lA4ewMiWiWZkxfjICh77pVw9y_EZ96hIs7iPL.q9JS40U45Et5cyl9WwnCT_h9fbobLEym.lXaSkF3edF52ScWUjZtAxV9vtyAojmG2M2y7vACyWSDJIGHcApbKi0VSxOrLIGIIYYd6OSfgL3iER0wHXj7h7Pvj71ikPXBfYsSInAkbbXU6NnKnnnL7iuSp3Pwo6qQLx1bg_K5PI0sKSWSRmRA66J97.TYnOvKb4Cjt9FBepQAoWgDkFzNSC9QzJ.E.4mAPa.2VNRddrXyhVdE.5qZU1gu7ZRmez06GnENCLsNv49WmEyk2HiseJV_qQ1MCABAyq3ekQSW3fr0qVbI0rssq2k9W6COnGp81joVNXWdtYTneoG8efFTgmyWj1v7FY9vj2NuYuXshCa5SaPnEvUmREXFePi7FALO50lop9ETV.M_mmv9U2Dr5sH6r2h_cf7Hbs483Ru3YFtq1q7IKp643M.KGwMQhsk0hVPxx0NA6Bb9pXZ2AbUm22DbVWBN7cDkA0HHKUmk6XRambXg0iidLeaaRIl9hgzNirBqiK6FPyMkq8v05sh1N0dRlG_DoADaivSvVsnzrXfE7EhDMq43pPGffyBuFu45Zr901oUnqDeiI_BMIEhgSewTRjCWGYhpBGAxsHNGXnMeElGVruIYbvgIilbb5diqvFszoa8wIY4RmFlaty98IQQIlpXV6cdIO6Uw1ijlMKljV.rLrdbZ89hUoUnJSe.dPNYxjSaHDjAkiHLTKzN5BK_AsFuAP8gzgEvhu9JKy8CE8keIz.e_ZtNyZkQthstt2LBkIrxgw_kc.D00c5Lp1lLGJF8VjkYc8EGxtO.6ryS5H57GeVNhaDXA0JjF151TA8zDmubPLsp6CbRpkPrxOVCPe7ZIQI6IlbBpMUezykfN4Oa7LEb6pAee5jdCm16x1z6zfUbxtlyEvsFz80hm4Dfdqy3mccrPxrjWdZ8wCXatL113tVukaCf2dtViqLC4quf4MwsVazRlErgumheqO8YRqraFPaEIqx5ZQ838HUjFHI_R5WkNFNNUGDClWHpHZbjdHxXk48mQIYnX7tNk7FGMjFfLHQEY3b11vUzm2gRb33bNgyRoBiCxkoLvrcrWiXm6MCAL2WSA_427XpoQJg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913585f6ac2bf8d0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=crow%20search&__cf_chl_rt_tk=5eGORgIoUXx5VJ5Yx4FfpCD2VKjy2xZnSn9Sh7RFkJs-1739792643-1.0.1.1-zQysHwUuoeovpKdpS6EklgN0By5Pbp1OWfH6PvWRes0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>