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title="Classification : Anatomie animale" href="/classification/sciences-de-la-vie/zoologie/biologie-animale/anatomie-animale/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Anatomie animale </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 49 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 132 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Biologie de la reproduction animale" href="/classification/sciences-de-la-vie/zoologie/biologie-animale/biologie-de-la-reproduction-animale/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Biologie de la reproduction animale </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 34 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 35 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block 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animale" href="/classification/sciences-de-la-vie/zoologie/biologie-animale/immunologie-animale/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Immunologie animale </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 7 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 11 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Physiologie animale" href="/classification/sciences-de-la-vie/zoologie/biologie-animale/physiologie-animale/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Physiologie animale </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 14 sous-thèmes </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 173 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 333 médias </span> </a> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5"> <i id="classification-articles" class="anchor"></i> <h2 class="minor"> Articles </h2> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/dimorphisme/"> <span class="rg">DIMORPHISME</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Andrée TÉTRY</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 030 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Existence de deux formes distinctes pour une même espèce, animale ou végétale. Le dimorphisme représente un cas particulier du polymorphisme. Il affecte différents caractères et se présente sous divers aspects.</p><p>Le dimorphisme sexuel permet de distinguer un individu mâle d'un individu...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/migrations-animales/"> <span class="rg">MIGRATIONS ANIMALES</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Valérie CHANSIGAUD</span> et <span rel="author">Jean DORST</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">11 698 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">17 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : MIGRATIONS ANIMALES" href="/encyclopedie/migrations-animales/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Grues - crédits : John Warden/ The Image Bank/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/7/csm_ph990969_c78f1b9854.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Bien que très diversement partagée selon les groupes zoologiques, la faculté de se mouvoir est une des caractéristiques fondamentales des animaux. Lorsque des individus ou des populations couvrent de longues distances, sans jamais revenir à leur lieu d'origine, les déplacements sont dits acycliques....</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/mimetisme-zoologie/"> <span class="rg">MIMÉTISME, </span><em class="it">zoologie</em> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Robert GAUMONT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 165 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">8 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : MIM&Eacute;TISME, zoologie" href="/encyclopedie/mimetisme-zoologie/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Mimétisme - crédits : Art Wolfe/ The Image Bank/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/7/csm_ph990948_6cb9695cd4.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Bien que le terme « mimétisme » ait pour le spécialiste une définition très restreinte (limitée à la ressemblance entre deux espèces animales zoologiquement éloignées dont l'une, inoffensive, « mime » l'autre), il évoque généralement tous les phénomènes de camouflage que de nombreux animaux présentent...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/parasitisme/"> <span class="rg">PARASITISME</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Claude COMBES</span> , <span rel="author">Louis EUZET</span> et <span rel="author">Georges MANGENOT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">6 251 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : PARASITISME" href="/encyclopedie/parasitisme/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Eimeria : localisation intestinale - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/8/csm_v170486a_02c03cfcc1.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Dans la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L'idée de biosphère, ensemble des êtres vivants qui peuplent notre planète, remonte à J.-B. Lamarck. C'est ensuite le géologue autrichien Suess qui, en 1875, a mis en parallèle le terme de biosphère avec ceux d'hydrosphère, d'atmosphère et de lithosphère . Il étendait en fait le concept à tout ce qui constituait ou avait constitué le monde vivant, en y incluant donc aussi, par ..." title="Article : BIOSPHÈRE" href="/encyclopedie/biosphere/">biosphère</a>, deux types de transferts d'énergie entre organismes vivants sont dominants : la <em>prédation</em>, qui met en jeu des systèmes proie-prédateur, et le <em>parasitisme</em>, qui met en jeu des systèmes hôte-parasite. Dans les deux cas, un organisme se nourrit aux dépens d'un autre....</p> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="row"> <div class="col mt-3"> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5"> <i id="classification-medias" class="anchor"></i> <h2 class="minor"> Média </h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH130208" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Espèces mimétiques" href="/media/especes-mimetiques-ph130208/"> <img id="PH130208" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/4/7/csm_ph130208_8bb319dce5.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Espèces mimétiques - crédits : M. Chouteau" data-description="Si ces deux papillons se ressemblent beaucoup, ils appartiennent cependant à deux espèces relativement éloignées, classées dans des genres différents : Heliconius numata, en haut, et Melinaea mneme, en bas. Ils font partie d’un ensemble de papillons mimétiques. Il s’agit ici du mimétisme mullérien…" data-copyright="M. Chouteau" width="533" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Espèces mimétiques </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> M. 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