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<span>Topics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Topics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Topics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Topics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metadata_modeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metadata_modeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Metadata modeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metadata_modeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Model_transformations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Model_transformations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Model transformations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Model_transformations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_to_ontologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_to_ontologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Relationship to ontologies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_to_ontologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_metamodels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_metamodels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Types of metamodels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_metamodels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zoos_of_metamodels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zoos_of_metamodels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Zoos of metamodels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zoos_of_metamodels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodell" title="Metamodell – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Metamodell" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamudel" title="Metamudel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Metamudel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodelado" title="Metamodelado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Metamodelado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84" title="فرامدل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرامدل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tamod%C3%A8le" title="Métamodèle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Métamodèle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%ED%83%80%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B8%EB%A7%81" title="메타모델링 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메타모델링" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%BF%E3%83%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB" title="メタモデル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メタモデル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodelowanie" title="Metamodelowanie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Metamodelowanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Метамодель (информатика) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Метамодель (информатика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Meta model" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Meta_model_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Meta model (disambiguation)">Meta model (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Surrogate_model" title="Surrogate model">Surrogate model</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meta-Modelling.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Meta-Modelling.svg/320px-Meta-Modelling.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Meta-Modelling.svg/480px-Meta-Modelling.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Meta-Modelling.svg/640px-Meta-Modelling.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Example of a Geologic map information meta-model, with four types of meta-objects, and their self-references.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>metamodel</b> is a model of a model, and <b>metamodeling</b> is the process of generating such metamodels. Thus metamodeling or meta-modeling is the analysis, construction, and development of the frames, rules, constraints, models, and theories applicable and useful for <a href="/wiki/Scientific_modelling" title="Scientific modelling">modeling</a> a predefined class of problems. As its name implies, this concept applies the notions of <a href="/wiki/Meta_(prefix)" title="Meta (prefix)">meta-</a> and modeling in <a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">systems engineering</a>. Metamodels are of many types and have diverse applications.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodeling&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A metamodel/ surrogate model is a model of the model, i.e. a simplified model of an actual model of a circuit, system, or software-like entity.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metamodel can be a mathematical relation or algorithm representing input and output relations. A <a href="/wiki/Model_(abstract)" class="mw-redirect" title="Model (abstract)">model</a> is an abstraction of phenomena in the <a href="/wiki/Real_life_(reality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Real life (reality)">real world</a>; a metamodel is yet another abstraction, highlighting the properties of the model itself. A model conforms to its metamodel in the way that a computer program conforms to the grammar of the programming language in which it is written. Various types of metamodels include polynomial equations, neural networks, <a href="/wiki/Kriging" title="Kriging">Kriging</a>, etc. "Metamodeling" is the construction of a collection of "concepts" (things, terms, etc.) within a certain domain. Metamodeling typically involves studying the output and input relationships and then fitting the right metamodels to represent that behavior. </p><p>Common uses for metamodels are: </p> <ul><li>As a <a href="/wiki/Logical_schema" title="Logical schema">schema</a> for <a href="/wiki/Semantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Semantic">semantic</a> data that needs to be exchanged or stored</li> <li>As a language that supports a particular method or process</li> <li>As a language to express additional semantics of existing information</li> <li>As a mechanism to create tools that work with a broad class of models at run time</li> <li>As a schema for modeling and automatically exploring sentences of a language with applications to automated test synthesis</li> <li>As an approximation of a higher-fidelity model for use when reducing time, cost, or computational effort is necessary</li></ul> <p>Because of the "meta" character of metamodeling, both the <a href="/wiki/Praxis_(process)" title="Praxis (process)">praxis</a> and theory of metamodels are of relevance to <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metascience" class="extiw" title="wikt:metascience">metascience</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metaphilosophy" title="Metaphilosophy">metaphilosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metatheory" title="Metatheory">metatheories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Systemics" title="Systemics">systemics</a>, and meta-consciousness. The concept can be useful in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, and has practical applications in <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">computer engineering</a>/<a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a>. The latter are the main focus of this article. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Topics">Topics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodeling&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Topics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M0-m3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/M0-m3.png/240px-M0-m3.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/M0-m3.png/360px-M0-m3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/M0-m3.png/480px-M0-m3.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">Meta-Object Facility</a> Illustration</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Government_Business_Reference_Model.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Government_Business_Reference_Model.svg/240px-Government_Business_Reference_Model.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Government_Business_Reference_Model.svg/360px-Government_Business_Reference_Model.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Government_Business_Reference_Model.svg/480px-Government_Business_Reference_Model.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="997" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>A US FEA <a href="/wiki/Business_reference_model" title="Business reference model">Business reference model</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mason-ontology.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mason-ontology.png/240px-Mason-ontology.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mason-ontology.png/360px-Mason-ontology.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mason-ontology.png/480px-Mason-ontology.png 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption>Example of an <a href="/wiki/Ontology_(information_science)" title="Ontology (information science)">ontology</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DoDAF_Perspectives_and_Decomposition_Levels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/DoDAF_Perspectives_and_Decomposition_Levels.jpg/240px-DoDAF_Perspectives_and_Decomposition_Levels.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/DoDAF_Perspectives_and_Decomposition_Levels.jpg/360px-DoDAF_Perspectives_and_Decomposition_Levels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/DoDAF_Perspectives_and_Decomposition_Levels.jpg/480px-DoDAF_Perspectives_and_Decomposition_Levels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1051" data-file-height="706" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/DoDAF" class="mw-redirect" title="DoDAF">DoDAF</a> metamodel</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definition">Definition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodeling&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a>, the use of <a href="/wiki/Model_(abstract)" class="mw-redirect" title="Model (abstract)">models</a> is an alternative to more common code-based development techniques. A model always conforms to a unique metamodel. One of the currently most active branches of <a href="/wiki/Model_Driven_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Model Driven Engineering">Model Driven Engineering</a> is the approach named <a href="/wiki/Model-driven_architecture" title="Model-driven architecture">model-driven architecture</a> proposed by <a href="/wiki/Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">OMG</a>. This approach is embodied in the <a href="/wiki/Meta_Object_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Meta Object Facility">Meta Object Facility</a> (MOF) specification.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Typical metamodelling specifications proposed by <a href="/wiki/Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">OMG</a> are <a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">UML</a>, <a href="/wiki/SysML" class="mw-redirect" title="SysML">SysML</a>, SPEM or CWM. <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> has also published the standard metamodel <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_24744" title="ISO/IEC 24744">ISO/IEC 24744</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the languages presented below could be defined as MOF metamodels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metadata_modeling">Metadata modeling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodeling&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Metadata modeling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Metadata_modeling" title="Metadata modeling">Metadata modeling</a> is a type of metamodeling used in <a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">systems engineering</a> for the analysis and construction of models applicable and useful to some predefined class of problems. (see also: <a href="/wiki/Data_modeling" title="Data modeling">data modeling</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Model_transformations">Model transformations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodeling&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Model transformations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One important move in <a href="/wiki/Model-driven_engineering" title="Model-driven engineering">model-driven engineering</a> is the systematic use of <a href="/wiki/Model_transformation_language" title="Model transformation language">model transformation languages</a>. The OMG has proposed a standard for this called <a href="/wiki/QVT" title="QVT">QVT</a> for Queries/Views/Transformations. <a href="/wiki/QVT" title="QVT">QVT</a> is based on the meta-object facility (MOF). Among many other <a href="/wiki/Model_transformation_language" title="Model transformation language">model transformation languages</a> (MTLs), some examples of implementations of this standard are AndroMDA, <a href="/wiki/VIATRA" title="VIATRA">VIATRA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tefkat" title="Tefkat">Tefkat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MT_(model_transformation_language)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MT (model transformation language) (page does not exist)">MT</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ManyDesigns_Portofino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ManyDesigns Portofino (page does not exist)">ManyDesigns Portofino</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_to_ontologies">Relationship to ontologies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodeling&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Relationship to ontologies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meta-models are closely related to <a href="/wiki/Ontology_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontology (computer science)">ontologies</a>. Both are often used to describe and analyze the relations between concepts:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Ontologies: express something meaningful within a specified universe or <a href="/wiki/Domain_of_discourse" title="Domain of discourse">domain of discourse</a> by utilizing grammar for using vocabulary. The grammar specifies what it means to be a well-formed statement, assertion, query, etc. (formal constraints) on how terms in the ontology’s controlled vocabulary can be used together.<sup id="cite_ref-PidcockArticle_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PidcockArticle-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Meta-modeling: can be considered as an <i>explicit</i> description (constructs and rules) of how a domain-specific model is built. In particular, this comprises a formalized specification of the domain-specific notations. Typically, metamodels are – and always should follow - a strict rule set.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "A valid metamodel is an ontology, but not all ontologies are modeled <i>explicitly</i> as metamodels."<sup id="cite_ref-PidcockArticle_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PidcockArticle-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_metamodels">Types of metamodels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodeling&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Types of metamodels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For software engineering, several <i>types</i> of models (and their corresponding modeling activities) can be distinguished: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metadata_modeling" title="Metadata modeling">Metadata modeling</a> (MetaData model)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-process_modeling" title="Meta-process modeling">Meta-process modeling</a> (MetaProcess model)</li> <li>Executable meta-modeling (combining both of the above and much more, as in the general purpose tool <a href="/wiki/Kermeta" title="Kermeta">Kermeta</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_transformation_language" title="Model transformation language">Model transformation language</a> (see below)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polynomial_metamodel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polynomial metamodel (page does not exist)">Polynomial metamodels</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_network" title="Neural network">Neural network</a> metamodels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriging" title="Kriging">Kriging</a> metamodels</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piecewise_polynomial_(spline)_metamodels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piecewise polynomial (spline) metamodels (page does not exist)">Piecewise polynomial (spline) metamodels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradient-enhanced_kriging" title="Gradient-enhanced kriging">Gradient-enhanced kriging</a> (GEK)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zoos_of_metamodels">Zoos of metamodels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodeling&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Zoos of metamodels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A library of similar metamodels has been called a Zoo of metamodels.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several types of meta-model zoos.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some are expressed in ECore. Others are written in <a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">MOF</a> 1.4 – <a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">XMI</a> 1.2. The metamodels expressed in <a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">UML</a>-<a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">XMI</a>1.2 may be uploaded in Poseidon for UML, a <a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">UML</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_software_engineering" title="Computer-aided software engineering">CASE</a> tool. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodeling&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_reference_model" title="Business reference model">Business reference model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_governance" title="Data governance">Data governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model-driven_engineering" title="Model-driven engineering">Model-driven engineering</a> (MDE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model-driven_architecture" title="Model-driven architecture">Model-driven architecture</a> (MDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain-specific_language" title="Domain-specific language">Domain-specific language</a> (DSL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain-specific_modeling" title="Domain-specific modeling">Domain-specific modeling</a> (DSM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_Eclipse_Modeling_System" title="Generic Eclipse Modeling System">Generic Eclipse Modeling System</a> (GEMS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermeta" title="Kermeta">Kermeta</a> (Kernel Meta-modeling)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetaCASE_tool" title="MetaCASE tool">MetaCASE tool</a> (tools for creating tools for <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_software_engineering" title="Computer-aided software engineering">computer-aided software engineering</a> tools)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Method_engineering" title="Method engineering">Method engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODAF_Meta-Model" class="mw-redirect" title="MODAF Meta-Model">MODAF Meta-Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QVT" title="QVT">MOF Queries/Views/Transformations</a> (MOF QVT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Process_Methodology" title="Object Process Methodology">Object Process Methodology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_analysis" title="Requirements analysis">Requirements analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_mapping" title="Space mapping">Space mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrogate_model" title="Surrogate model">Surrogate model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformation_language" title="Transformation language">Transformation language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIATRA" title="VIATRA">VIATRA</a> (Viatra)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_transformation_language" title="XML transformation language">XML transformation language</a> (XML TL)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodeling&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David R. Soller et al. (2001) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-223/soller2.html">Progress Report on the National Geologic Map Database, Phase 3: An Online Database of Map Information</a> Digital Mapping Techniques '01 -- Workshop Proceedings U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/Saraju_Mohanty" title="Saraju Mohanty">Saraju Mohanty</a>, Chapter 12 Metamodel-Based Fast AMS-SoC Design Methodologies, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhprofessional.com/product.php?isbn=0071825711">Nanoelectronic Mixed-Signal System Design</a>", <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0071825719" title="Special:BookSources/978-0071825719">978-0071825719</a> and 0071825711, 1st Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2015. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Oleg Garitselov, <a href="/wiki/Saraju_Mohanty" title="Saraju Mohanty">Saraju Mohanty</a>, and Elias Kougianos, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cse.unt.edu/~smohanty/Publications_Journals/2012/Mohanty_IEEE-TSM-2012Feb.pdf">A Comparative Study of Metamodels for Fast and Accurate Simulation of Nano-CMOS Circuits</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211500/http://www.cse.unt.edu/~smohanty/Publications_Journals/2012/Mohanty_IEEE-TSM-2012Feb.pdf">Archived</a> 23 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing (TSM), Vol. 25, No. 1, February 2012, pp. 26–36. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/Saraju_Mohanty" title="Saraju Mohanty">Saraju Mohanty</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cse.unt.edu/~smohanty/Presentations/2012/Mohanty_SRC-TxACE_Talk_2012-04-27.pdf">Ultra-Fast Design Exploration of Nanoscale Circuits through Metamodeling</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211443/http://www.cse.unt.edu/~smohanty/Presentations/2012/Mohanty_SRC-TxACE_Talk_2012-04-27.pdf">Archived</a> 23 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Invited Talk, Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC), Texas Analog Center for Excellence (TxACE), 27 April 2012. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">FEA (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/records-mgmt/pdf/rm-profile.pdf">FEA Records Management Profile, Version 1.0</a>. December 15, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">International Organization for Standardization / International Electrotechnical Commission, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=38854">ISO/IEC 24744</a>. Software Engineering - Metamodel for Development Methodologies.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Söderström, et al. (2001) "Towards a Framework for Comparing Process Modelling Languages", in: <i>Lecture Notes In Computer Science</i>; Vol. 2348. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering. Pages: 600 – 611, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PidcockArticle-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PidcockArticle_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PidcockArticle_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPidcock2003" class="citation cs2">Pidcock, Woody (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091014123802/http://infogrid.org/wiki/Reference/PidcockArticle"><i>What are the differences between a vocabulary, a taxonomy, a thesaurus, an ontology, and a meta-model?</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infogrid.org/wiki/Reference/PidcockArticle">the original</a> on 14 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+are+the+differences+between+a+vocabulary%2C+a+taxonomy%2C+a+thesaurus%2C+an+ontology%2C+and+a+meta-model%3F&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Pidcock&rft.aufirst=Woody&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfogrid.org%2Fwiki%2FReference%2FPidcockArticle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetamodeling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnst2002" class="citation cs2">Ernst, Johannes (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009042438/http://infogrid.org/wiki/Reference/WhatIsMetaModeling"><i>What is metamodeling, and what is it good for?</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infogrid.org/wiki/Reference/WhatIsMetaModeling">the original</a> on 9 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+is+metamodeling%2C+and+what+is+it+good+for%3F&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfogrid.org%2Fwiki%2FReference%2FWhatIsMetaModeling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetamodeling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/Saraju_Mohanty" title="Saraju Mohanty">Saraju Mohanty</a> and Elias Kougianos, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cse.unt.edu/~smohanty/Publications_Journals/2014/Mohanty_ALOG_2014Jun.pdf">Polynomial Metamodel Based Fast Optimization of Nano-CMOS Oscillator Circuits</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810034704/http://www.cse.unt.edu/~smohanty/Publications_Journals/2014/Mohanty_ALOG_2014Jun.pdf">Archived</a> 10 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Springer Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing Journal, Volume 79, Issue 3, June 2014, pp. 437–453. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metamodel.com/wisme-2004/present/22.pdf">Jean-Marie Favre: Towards a Basic Theory to Model Driven Engineering.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061015181841/http://www.metamodel.com/wisme-2004/present/22.pdf">Archived</a> 15 October 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eclipse.org/gmt/am3/zoos/">AtlanticZoo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060429205711/http://www.eclipse.org/gmt/am3/zoos/">Archived</a> 29 April 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metamodeling&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Metamodeling" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Metamodeling">Metamodeling</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaraju_Mohanty2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Saraju_Mohanty" title="Saraju Mohanty">Saraju Mohanty</a> (2015). "Chapter 12 Metamodel-Based Fast AMS-SoC Design Methodologies". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhprofessional.com/product.php?isbn=0071825711"><i>Nanoelectronic Mixed-Signal System Design</i></a>. McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0071825719" title="Special:BookSources/978-0071825719"><bdi>978-0071825719</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+12+Metamodel-Based+Fast+AMS-SoC+Design+Methodologies&rft.btitle=Nanoelectronic+Mixed-Signal+System+Design&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0071825719&rft.au=Saraju+Mohanty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhprofessional.com%2Fproduct.php%3Fisbn%3D0071825711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetamodeling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Booch, G., Rumbaugh, J., Jacobson, I. (1999), <i>The Unified Modeling Language User Guide</i>, Redwood City, CA: Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._van_Gigch" title="John P. van Gigch">J. P. van Gigch</a>, <i>System Design Modeling and Metamodeling</i>, Plenum Press, New York, 1991</li> <li>Gopi Bulusu, hamara.in, 2004 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hamara.in/portals/space/SPACE20/SankhyaTechnologies/src/publish/cache/TechnicalArticles/TX/ModelDrivenTransformation.html"><i>Model Driven Transformation</i></a></li> <li>P. C. Smolik, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alloy.mit.edu/community/files/MamboMDE.pdf"><i>Mambo Metamodeling Environment</i></a>, Doctoral Thesis, Brno University of Technology. 2006</li> <li>Gonzalez-Perez, C. and B. Henderson-Sellers, 2008. Metamodelling for Software Engineering. Chichester (UK): Wiley. 210 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-03036-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-03036-3">978-0-470-03036-3</a></li> <li>M.A. Jeusfeld, M. Jarke, and <a href="/wiki/John_Mylopoulos" title="John Mylopoulos">J. Mylopoulos</a>, 2009. Metamodeling for Method Engineering. Cambridge (USA): The MIT Press. 424 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-10108-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-10108-0">978-0-262-10108-0</a>, Open access via <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://conceptbase.sourceforge.net/2021_Metamodeling_for_Method_Engineering.pdf">http://conceptbase.sourceforge.net/2021_Metamodeling_for_Method_Engineering.pdf</a></li> <li>G. Caplat <i>Modèles & Métamodèles</i>, 2008 - <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-88074-749-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-88074-749-7">978-2-88074-749-7</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li>Fill, H.-G., Karagiannis, D., 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.dke.univie.ac.at/fill/papers/Fill_Karagiannis_EMISA_2013.pdf"><i>On the Conceptualisation of Modelling Methods Using the ADOxx Meta Modelling Platform</i></a>, Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures, Vol. 8, Issue 1, 4-25.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Software design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">Software maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_testing" title="Software testing">Software testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_analysis" title="Systems analysis">Systems analysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstraction_(computer_science)" title="Abstraction (computer science)">Abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Component-based_software_engineering" title="Component-based software engineering">Component-based software engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_compatibility" title="Computer compatibility">Software compatibility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backward_compatibility" title="Backward compatibility">Backward compatibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compatibility_layer" title="Compatibility layer">Compatibility layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compatibility_mode" title="Compatibility mode">Compatibility mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_compatibility" title="Forward compatibility">Forward compatibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_incompatibility" title="Software incompatibility">Software incompatibility</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_modeling" title="Data modeling">Data modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_architecture" title="Enterprise architecture">Enterprise architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_specification" title="Functional specification">Functional specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modeling_language" title="Modeling language">Modeling language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Programming paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_archaeology" title="Software archaeology">Software archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">Software architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_configuration_management" title="Software configuration management">Software configuration management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_development_process" title="Software development process">Software development process/methodology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_quality" title="Software quality">Software quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_quality_assurance" title="Software quality assurance">Software quality assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_verification_and_validation" title="Software verification and validation">Software verification and validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_system" title="Software system">Software system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_analysis" title="Structured analysis">Structured analysis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essential_systems_analysis" title="Essential systems analysis">Essential analysis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CI/CD" title="CI/CD">CI/CD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orientations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">Agile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspect-oriented_programming" title="Aspect-oriented programming">Aspect-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">Object orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontology_(information_science)" title="Ontology (information science)">Ontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture" title="Service-oriented architecture">Service orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_development_life_cycle" title="Systems development life cycle">SDLC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Developmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">Agile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_unified_process" title="Enterprise unified process">EUP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executable_UML" title="Executable UML">Executable UML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incremental_build_model" title="Incremental build model">Incremental model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iterative_and_incremental_development" title="Iterative and incremental development">Iterative model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_prototyping" title="Software prototyping">Prototype model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_application_development" title="Rapid application development">RAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Process" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Process">UP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrum_(software_development)" title="Scrum (software development)">Scrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_model" title="Spiral model">Spiral model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-model_(software_development)" title="V-model (software development)">V-model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfall_model" title="Waterfall model">Waterfall model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_programming" title="Extreme programming">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model-driven_engineering" title="Model-driven engineering">Model-driven engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-trip_engineering" title="Round-trip engineering">Round-trip engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">SPICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capability_Maturity_Model_Integration" title="Capability Maturity Model Integration">CMMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_model" title="Data model">Data model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entity%E2%80%93relationship_model" title="Entity–relationship model">ER model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Function_model" title="Function model">Function model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_model" title="Information model">Information model</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metamodeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_model" title="Object model">Object model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_modeling" title="Systems modeling">Systems model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_model" title="View model">View model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IDEF" title="IDEF">IDEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">UML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Systems_Language" title="Universal Systems Language">USL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_modeling_language" title="Systems modeling language">SysML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">Computer engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_science" title="Information science">Information science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">Project management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">Systems engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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