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href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sciéncias_e_tecnicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sciéncias_e_tecnicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sciéncias e tecnicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sciéncias_e_tecnicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decès" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decès"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Decès</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decès-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ans 1880</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 99 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-99" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">99 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1880" title="Anyos 1880 - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1880" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880._g%C4%93ar_o%C3%BE_1889._g%C4%93ar" title="1880. gēar oþ 1889. gēar - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="1880. gēar oþ 1889. gēar" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1880" title="عقد 1880 - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1880" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_1880" title="عوام 1880 - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 1880" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1880" title="عقد 1880 - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1880" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_1880" title="Década del 1880 - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 1880" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-ci_ill%C9%99r" title="1880-ci illər - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1880-ci illər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-an" title="1880-an - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1880-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%D1%8F" title="1880-я - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1880-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%D1%8F" title="1880-я - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1880-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%D1%82%D0%B5" title="1880-те - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1880-те" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1880" title="Bloavezhioù 1880 - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1880" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-e" title="1880-e - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1880-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1880" title="Dècada del 1880 - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1880" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1880 nièng-dâi - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1880 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880%E2%80%931889" title="1880–1889 - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1880–1889" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1880-мĕш çулсем - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1880-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880au" title="1880au - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1880au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880%27erne" title="1880'erne - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1880'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880er" title="1880er - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1880er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1_1880" title="Δεκαετία 1880 - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δεκαετία 1880" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1880" title="An 1880 - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1880" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880s" title="1880s - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1880s" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-aj_jaroj" title="1880-aj jaroj - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1880-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1880" title="Años 1880 - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1880" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880._aastad" title="1880. aastad - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1880. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880ko_hamarkada" title="1880ko hamarkada - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1880ko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B8%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۸۸۰ (میلادی) - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۸۸۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-luku" title="1880-luku - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1880-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%C3%A1rini" title="1880-árini - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1880-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1880" title="Années 1880 - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 1880" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880id%C3%AD" title="1880idí - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1880idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1880年代 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1880年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880an" title="1880an - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1880an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1880" title="Década de 1880 - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1880" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-80_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-19" title="שנות ה-80 של המאה ה-19 - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-80 של המאה ה-19" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880s" title="1880s - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1880s" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-ih" title="1880-ih - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1880-ih" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-as_%C3%A9vek" title="1880-as évek - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1880-as évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-an" title="1880-an - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1880-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari_1880a" title="Yari 1880a - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yari 1880a" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881-1890" title="1881-1890 - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1881-1890" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1880" title="Anni 1880 - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1880" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1880年代 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1880年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-an" title="1880-an - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1880-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1880-იანები - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1880-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1880년대 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1880년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1880-ӧд вояс - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1880-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1880" title="Anni 1880 - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anni 1880" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1880" title="Anni 1880 - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1880" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880._gadi" title="1880. gadi - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1880. gadi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="1880 ийла - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1880 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="1880-ти - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1880-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १८८० चे दशक - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १८८० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-an" title="1880-an - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1880-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="1880 це иеть - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1880 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-1889" title="1880-1889 - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1880-1889" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%C3%A5ra" title="1880-åra - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1880-åra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%C3%A5rene" title="1880-årene - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1880-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1880" title="Annaées 1880 - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1880" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880s" title="1880s - sotho septentrional" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1880s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-lugu_vuvvet" title="1880-lugu vuvvet - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1880-lugu vuvvet" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%D1%82%C3%A6" title="1880-тæ - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1880-тæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="1880 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1880 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lata_80._XIX_wieku" title="Lata 80. XIX wieku - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lata 80. XIX wieku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1880" title="Década de 1880 - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1880" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_watakuna" title="1880 watakuna - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1880 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1880" title="Anii 1880 - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1880" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1880-е годы - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1880-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%D1%81" title="1880-с - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1880-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880ini" title="1880ini - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1880ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-lohku" title="1880-lohku - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1880-lohku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-e" title="1880-e - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1880-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA" title="1880 දශකය - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1880 දශකය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880s" title="1880s - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1880s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/80._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia" title="80. roky 19. storočia - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="80. roky 19. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880." title="1880. - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1880." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1880" title="Vitet 1880 - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1880" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%D0%B5" title="1880-е - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1880-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-an" title="1880-an - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1880-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-talet" title="1880-talet - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1880-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1880" title="Miaka ya 1880 - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1880" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1880கள் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1880கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_1880_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 1880 (мелодӣ) - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 1880 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1880" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1880 - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1880" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="1880ýý - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1880ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880%27ler" title="1880'ler - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1880'ler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1880-еллар - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1880-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-%D1%82%D1%96" title="1880-ті - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1880-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="1880ء کی دہائی - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1880ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880-lar" title="1880-lar - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1880-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1880" title="Thập niên 1880 - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1880" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1880" title="Anêyes 1880 - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1880" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_nga_dekada" title="1880 nga dekada - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1880 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1880年代 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1880年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="1880ער - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1880ער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1880年代 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1880年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1880 nî-tāi - 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href="//oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au"><img alt="Aqueste article es redigit en provençau." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/30px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/45px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/60px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirigit dempuèi <a href="/w/index.php?title=1886&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="1886">1886</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <center><a href="/wiki/Ans_1840" title="Ans 1840">../..</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1850" title="Ans 1850">Ans 1850</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1860" title="Ans 1860">Ans 1860</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1870" title="Ans 1870">Ans 1870</a> | <b> Ans 1880</b> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1890" title="Ans 1890">Ans 1890</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1900" title="Ans 1900">Ans 1900</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1910" title="Ans 1910">Ans 1910</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1920" title="Ans 1920">../..</a></center> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1881</b> : en causa d'una crisi financiera persistenta dempuei <a href="/wiki/1876" class="mw-redirect" title="1876">1876</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman" title="Empèri Otoman">Empèri Otoman</a> veguèt sei finanças plaçadas sota tutèla internacionala (decembre). <br /> <b>1881</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Sodan" title="Sodan">Sodan</a>, començament dau movement madista menacèt lo govèrn egipcian e l'influéncia britanica dins la region. Permetèt tanben lo raprochament entre <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiaume Unit">Reiaume Unit</a>. <br /> <b>1881-1882</b> : dubertura de negociacions <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> regardant lei bens e lei tèrras revendicadas per <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a> dins l'illa. Aquò donèt ges de resultat e lei dos país se preparèron a una guèrra. <br /> <b>1882</b> : important <a href="/wiki/Cicl%C3%B2n_tropicau" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciclòn tropicau">ciclòn tropicau</a> dins la region de <a href="/wiki/Bombai" title="Bombai">Bombai</a> (200 000 mòrts). <br /> <b>1882</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a>, conquista de Keffa per lo prince <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adal_Tessemma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adal Tessemma (la pagina existís pas)">Adal Tessemma</a> qu'èra estat encoratjat per lo negus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yohannes_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yohannes IV (la pagina existís pas)">Yohannes IV</a> l'<a href="/wiki/1881" class="mw-redirect" title="1881">annada precedenta</a>. Pasmens, aquò se turtèt a l'ostilitat dau prince <a href="/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II">Menelik</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choa (la pagina existís pas)">Choa</a> que sei tropas ataquèron tanben la region. Entre lo 6 e lo 7 de junh, infligiguèt una desfacha dura ai fòrças d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adal_Tessemma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adal Tessemma (la pagina existís pas)">Adal Tessemma</a>. Aquò maucontentèt lo negus mai ges de senhor èra desirós d'entraïnar una guèrra civila novèla e de negociacions permetèron de reglar la situacion. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adal_Tessemma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adal Tessemma (la pagina existís pas)">Adal Tessemma</a> perdèt son fèu d'Agewmeder e Menelik perdèt la region estrategica de Wello e foguèt obligat de restituir l'armament modèrne capturat a Embabo. En cambi, Menelik obtenguèt lo drech d'aumentar son territòri en direccion dau sud e de l'èst. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Krakatoa_eruption_lithograph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Krakatoa_eruption_lithograph.jpg/220px-Krakatoa_eruption_lithograph.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Krakatoa_eruption_lithograph.jpg/330px-Krakatoa_eruption_lithograph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Krakatoa_eruption_lithograph.jpg/440px-Krakatoa_eruption_lithograph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2726" data-file-height="3468" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Litografia" title="Litografia">Litografia</a> representant l'erupcion dau volcan <a href="/wiki/Krakatoa" title="Krakatoa">Krakatoa</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erupcion_dau_Krakatoa_de_1883&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erupcion dau Krakatoa de 1883 (la pagina existís pas)">Erupcion dau Krakatoa de 1883</a>.</div> <p><b>1883</b> : dins lo <a href="/wiki/Destrech_de_la_Sonda" class="mw-redirect" title="Destrech de la Sonda">Destrech de la Sonda</a>, erupcion fòrça violenta dau <a href="/wiki/Krakatoa" title="Krakatoa">Krakatoa</a>. Entraïnant l'afondrament dau <a href="/wiki/Volcan" title="Volcan">volcan</a>, engendrèt un <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> que destruguèt lei regions vesinas. Au mens 36 417 personas foguèron tuats. La quantitat de materiaus volcanics emés (20 km<sup>3</sup>) aguèt d'efiechs <a href="/wiki/Clima" title="Clima">climatics</a> marcats amb una demenicion de la <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> mejana de 0,25 °C en <a href="/wiki/1884" class="mw-redirect" title="1884">1884</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Tamatave_bombarded_and_occupied_by_the_French_11_June_1883.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Tamatave_bombarded_and_occupied_by_the_French_11_June_1883.jpg/220px-Tamatave_bombarded_and_occupied_by_the_French_11_June_1883.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Tamatave_bombarded_and_occupied_by_the_French_11_June_1883.jpg/330px-Tamatave_bombarded_and_occupied_by_the_French_11_June_1883.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Tamatave_bombarded_and_occupied_by_the_French_11_June_1883.jpg/440px-Tamatave_bombarded_and_occupied_by_the_French_11_June_1883.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3314" data-file-height="1639" /></a><figcaption>Dessenh representant la presa de Tamatave per lei <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">Francés</a> lo 11 de junh.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1883</b> : desbarcament de tropas <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesas</a>. Sostenguts per de bombardaments navaus, ocupèron ansin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majunga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majunga (la pagina existís pas)">Majunga</a> (16 de mai) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamatave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamatave (la pagina existís pas)">Tamatave</a> (11 de junh) entraïnant lo <a href="/wiki/Blocus" title="Blocus">blocus</a> d'una partida importanta de l'illa. Pasmens, en causa de la mobilizacion importanta de sei fòrças en <a href="/wiki/Indochina" title="Indochina">Indochina</a>, l'armada francesa poguèt pas avançar vèrs lei tèrras autas e la situacion demorèt blocada durant dos ans. <br /> <b>1884</b> : <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A8rratrem" title="Tèrratrem">tèrratrem</a> dins la region de <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a> (800 mòrts). <br /> <b>1884</b> : establiment de <a href="/wiki/Protectorat" title="Protectorat">protectorats</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemands</a> en <a href="/wiki/Cameron" title="Cameron">Cameron</a> e en <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B2go" title="Tògo">Tògo</a>. <br /> <b>1884</b> : de negociacions entre <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiaume Unit">Reiaume Unit</a> permetèron ais Etiopians d'utilizar liurament lo <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2rt" class="mw-disambig" title="Pòrt">pòrt</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massaua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massaua (la pagina existís pas)">Massaua</a> en cambi dau passatge dei garnsions egipicians dau sud de <a href="/wiki/Sodan" title="Sodan">Sodan</a> vèrs la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Roja" title="Mar Roja">Mar Roja</a>. <br /> <b>1885</b> : violant lo tractat de <a href="/wiki/1885" class="mw-redirect" title="1885">1885</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiaume Unit">Reiaume Unit</a> laissèt <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a> ocupar lo pòrt de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massaua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massaua (la pagina existís pas)">Massaua</a>, estrategic per leis Etiopians. <br /> <b>1885</b> : après dos ans de guèrra e de <a href="/wiki/Blocus" title="Blocus">blocus</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn" title="Govèrn">govèrn</a> malgash deguèt reconeisser sa desfacha còntra <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e negociar per arrestar lo conflicte. En decembre, acceptèt de pagar una indemnitat de guèrra importanta, de cedir lo pòrt de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diego_Suarez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diego Suarez (la pagina existís pas)">Diego Suarez</a> e de laissar lei Francés « presidir ai relacions exterioras de Madagascar ». En cambi, <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a> reconoguèt l'Estat malgash. Aquò permetiá ai Francés de presentar <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> coma lo sieu <a href="/wiki/Protectorat" title="Protectorat">protectorat</a> mai laissèt <i>de facto</i> son autonòmia ais autoritats malgashas (→ <a href="/wiki/1895" class="mw-redirect" title="1895">1895</a>). <br /> <b>1886</b> : establiment d'un <a href="/wiki/Protectorat" title="Protectorat">protectorat</a> <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">britanic</a> dins la region d'<a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A8n" title="Adèn">Adèn</a>. <br /> <b>1887</b> : annexion d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwo_Jima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iwo Jima (la pagina existís pas)">Iwo Jima</a> per <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a>. <br /> <b>1887</b> : ocupacion de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balochistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balochistan (la pagina existís pas)">Balochistan</a> per lei <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Britanics</a>. <br /> <b>1887</b> : escaramochas frontalieras entre <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etiopians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etiopians (la pagina existís pas)">Etiopians</a> au nòrd dau Plan Etiopian. S'acabèron d'un biais indecís mai permetèron ais Etiopians de mantenir son esfòrç vèrs l'èst onte conquistèron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harrar (la pagina existís pas)">Harrar</a>, enemic ancian d'<a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a>. <br /> <b>1887</b> : venguda deis <a href="/wiki/Aiga" title="Aiga">aigas</a> catastrofica dau <a href="/wiki/Fluvi_Jaune" title="Fluvi Jaune">Fluvi Jaune</a> que rompèt sei levadas lo 28 de setembre après plusors jorns de precipitacions fòrça importantas. La premiera rompedura se debanèt probablament dins la region de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Huayankou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huayankou (la pagina existís pas)">Huayankou</a> e entraïnèt l'afondrament dau sistèma de levadas locau. Aquò causèt finalament una inondacion giganta dau nòrd de China (aperaquí 130 000 km² tocats) que tuèt entre 900 000 e 2 000 000 d'abitants. <br /> <b>1887</b> : premiera presentacion de l'<a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A8ra" title="Opèra">opèra</a> <i>Otelo</i>, de <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>. <br /> <b>1888</b> : establiment d'un <a href="/wiki/Protectorat" title="Protectorat">protectorat</a> sus la ciutat-estat d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_d%27Oyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiaume d'Oyo (la pagina existís pas)">Oyo</a>. Aquò entraïnèt rapidament la fragmentacion dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_d%27Oyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiaume d'Oyo (la pagina existís pas)">Reiaume d'Oyo</a>. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Etiopia_-_Territ%C3%B2ri_en_1889.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Etiopia_-_Territ%C3%B2ri_en_1889.png/220px-Etiopia_-_Territ%C3%B2ri_en_1889.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Etiopia_-_Territ%C3%B2ri_en_1889.png/330px-Etiopia_-_Territ%C3%B2ri_en_1889.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Etiopia_-_Territ%C3%B2ri_en_1889.png/440px-Etiopia_-_Territ%C3%B2ri_en_1889.png 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption>Etiopia en 1889 a la mòrt de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yohannes_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yohannes IV (la pagina existís pas)">Yohannes IV</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1888-1889</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a>, succès d'una incursion madista que capitèt de pilhar <a href="/wiki/Gondar" title="Gondar">Gondar</a> avans d'èsser obligada de se retirar après una còntra-ataca de l'armada dau <a href="/wiki/Negus" class="mw-redirect" title="Negus">negus</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yohannes_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yohannes IV (la pagina existís pas)">Yohannes IV</a>. Dins aquò, la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Metemma" title="Batalha de Metemma">batalha de Metemma</a> (9-10 de març de 1889) s'acabèt d'un biais fòrça indecís amb de pèrdas importantas dins lei rengs madistas e la mòrt de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yohannes_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yohannes IV (la pagina existís pas)">Yohannes IV</a>. S'estabilizèt ansin la frontiera entre Madistas e Etiopians. <br /> <b>1889</b> : après la mòrt de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yohannes_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yohannes IV (la pagina existís pas)">Yohannes IV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II">Menelik de Choa</a>, de la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_salomoniana" title="Dinastia salomoniana">dinastia salomoniana</a>, foguèt chausit per l'aristocracia per li succedir. Pasmens, lo fiu de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yohannes_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yohannes IV (la pagina existís pas)">Yohannes IV</a> , <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengesha_Yohannes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mengesha Yohannes (la pagina existís pas)">Mengesha Yohannes</a>, refusèt de reconoisser aquela decision e se retirèt en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tigre_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tigre (region) (la pagina existís pas)">Tigre</a>. Per assegurar sa posicion, Menelik signèt lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tractat_de_Wuchale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tractat de Wuchale (la pagina existís pas)">tractat de Wuchale</a> que li permetèt de se raprochar d'<a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a>. Dins aquò, l'article XVII dau tractat, traduch d'un biais diferent, dins lei versions italiana e etiopiana entraïnèt rapidament de tensions importantas entre lei dos país. D'efiech, dins la version italiana, Etiopia èra obligada d'utilizar la diplomacia italiana dins sei relacions amb lei poissanças estrangieras venent ansin un <a href="/wiki/Protectorat" title="Protectorat">protectorat</a> de Roma mentre que, dins la version etiopiana, i aviá ges d'obligacion mai solament una possibilitat. <br /> <b>1889</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>, reversament e abdicacion de <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A8ire_II_de_Brasil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pèire II de Brasil (la pagina existís pas)">Pèire II</a>. L'Empèri foguèt remplaçat per una republica dominada per lei proprietaris terrencs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Cultura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1882</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>, exploracion de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piramida_d%27Amenemhat_I%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piramida d'Amenemhat Ièr (la pagina existís pas)">Piramida d'Amenemhat I<sup>èr</sup></a> per l'<a href="/wiki/Egiptologia" title="Egiptologia">egiptològ</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Maspero" title="Gaston Maspero">Gaston Maspero</a> (<a href="/wiki/1846" class="mw-redirect" title="1846">1846</a>-<a href="/wiki/1916" class="mw-redirect" title="1916">1916</a>). Bastida au començament de la XII<sup>a</sup> dinastia, la piramida presenta divèrsei particularitats (plusors nivèus de construccion, ges de piramida segondària, preséncia de muralhas crosadas per despartir lei cargas... etc.). Son croton es tanben desconegut — e benlèu totjorn sarrat — en causa d'una inondacion. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Construction_tour_eiffel8.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Construction_tour_eiffel8.JPG/220px-Construction_tour_eiffel8.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Construction_tour_eiffel8.JPG/330px-Construction_tour_eiffel8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Construction_tour_eiffel8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>Fotografia de la Tor Eiffel en 1889.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1889</b> : acabament de la bastida de la <a href="/wiki/Tor_Eiffel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor Eiffel">Tor Eiffel</a> en <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a>. Venguda pauc a pauc un simbòl de la <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesa</a>, foguèt inscricha au patrimòni mondiau de l'<a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> en <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sciéncias_e_tecnicas"><span id="Sci.C3.A9ncias_e_tecnicas"></span>Sciéncias e tecnicas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Sciéncias e tecnicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Sciéncias e tecnicas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Catastr%C3%B2fa_ultravioleta_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Catastr%C3%B2fa_ultravioleta_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png/220px-Catastr%C3%B2fa_ultravioleta_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Catastr%C3%B2fa_ultravioleta_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png/330px-Catastr%C3%B2fa_ultravioleta_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Catastr%C3%B2fa_ultravioleta_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png/440px-Catastr%C3%B2fa_ultravioleta_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption>Esquèmas experimentau e teoric dau raionament d'un còrs negre a 5 000 K a la fin dau sègle XIX (« <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catastr%C3%B2fa_ultravioleta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catastròfa ultravioleta (la pagina existís pas)">catastròfa ultravioleta</a> »).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>v. 1880</b> : premiereis experiéncias sus lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raionament_dau_c%C3%B2rs_negre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raionament dau còrs negre (la pagina existís pas)">raionament dau còrs negre</a>. Menèron a la descubèrta d'un escart important entre l'espèctre experimentau e l'espèctre teoric previst per la <a href="/wiki/Mecanica_classica" title="Mecanica classica">fisica classica</a>. Dich <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catastr%C3%B2fa_ultravioleta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catastròfa ultravioleta (la pagina existís pas)">catastròfa ultravioleta</a>, aqueu problema anava menar a la descubèrta de la <a href="/wiki/Mecanica_quantica" title="Mecanica quantica">mecanica quantica</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1884" class="mw-redirect" title="1884">1884</a> e <a href="/wiki/1900" class="mw-redirect" title="1900">1900</a>). <br /> <b>1880</b> : descubèrta dau premier <a href="/wiki/Parasitisme" title="Parasitisme">parasit</a> per lo mètge <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Laveran" title="Alphonse Laveran">Alphonse Laveran</a> (<a href="/wiki/1845" class="mw-redirect" title="1845">1845</a>-<a href="/wiki/1922" class="mw-redirect" title="1922">1922</a>) que publiquèt una descripcion de l'ematozoari a l'origina dau <a href="/wiki/Paludisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Paludisme">paludisme</a>. <br /> <b>1882</b> : pertocant lei recèrcas sus l'aplicacion de l'<a href="/wiki/Electricitat" title="Electricitat">electricitat</a> a l'<a href="/wiki/Industria" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria">industria</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_Deprez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Deprez (la pagina existís pas)">Marcel Deprez</a> (<a href="/wiki/1843" class="mw-redirect" title="1843">1843</a>-<a href="/wiki/1918" class="mw-redirect" title="1918">1918</a>) capitèt de realizar lo premier transpòrt de corrent electric continú sus una distància importanta (57 km). Fins a <a href="/wiki/1889" class="mw-redirect" title="1889">1889</a>, menèt d'autrei projèctes similars que permetèron de generalizar l'utilizacion de l'electricitat. <br /> <b>1882</b> : lei <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimistas</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisicians</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucien_Gaulard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucien Gaulard (la pagina existís pas)">Lucien Gaulard</a> (<a href="/wiki/1850" class="mw-redirect" title="1850">1850</a>-<a href="/wiki/1888" class="mw-redirect" title="1888">1888</a>) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dixon_Gibbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Dixon Gibbs (la pagina existís pas)">John Dixon Gibbs</a> (<a href="/wiki/1834" class="mw-redirect" title="1834">1834</a>-<a href="/wiki/1912" class="mw-redirect" title="1912">1912</a>) realizèron lo premier <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transformator_electric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transformator electric (la pagina existís pas)">transformator electric</a> permetent de transformar un corrent alternatiu de tension auta en un corrent alternatiu de tension bassa. <br /> <b>1882</b> : demonstracion dau caractèr transcendent dau nombre <a href="/wiki/Pi" title="Pi">Pi</a> per lo matematician <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_von_Lindermann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand von Lindermann (la pagina existís pas)">Ferdinand von Lindermann</a> (<a href="/wiki/1952" class="mw-redirect" title="1952">1952</a>-<a href="/wiki/1939" class="mw-redirect" title="1939">1939</a>). <br /> <b>1882</b> : descubèrta dau procès de <a href="/wiki/Fagocit%C3%B2si" title="Fagocitòsi">fagocitòsi</a> per <a href="/wiki/Ilia_Ilich_Mechnikov" title="Ilia Ilich Mechnikov">Ilia Ilich Mechnikov</a> (<a href="/wiki/1845" class="mw-redirect" title="1845">1845</a>-<a href="/wiki/1916" class="mw-redirect" title="1916">1916</a>) e <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Paul Ehrlich</a> (<a href="/wiki/1854" class="mw-redirect" title="1854">1854</a>-<a href="/wiki/1915" class="mw-redirect" title="1915">1915</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <br /> <b>1883</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>, desvolopament de doas armas (<a href="/wiki/Carga_vueja" title="Carga vueja">carga vueja</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ob%C3%BAs_sageta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Obús sageta (la pagina existís pas)">obús sageta</a>) destinadas a luchar còntra lei <a href="/wiki/Blindatge" title="Blindatge">blindatges</a> dei fòrts europèus. Aqueleis armas son totjorn utilizadas au començament dau sègle XXI còntra lei blindatges dei veïculs militars. <br /> <b>1884</b> : publicacion de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A8i_de_Stefan-Boltzmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lèi de Stefan-Boltzmann (la pagina existís pas)">lèi de Stefan-Boltzmann</a>. Descubèrta per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jozef_Stefan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jozef Stefan (la pagina existís pas)">Jozef Stefan</a> (<a href="/wiki/1835" class="mw-redirect" title="1835">1835</a>-<a href="/wiki/1893" class="mw-redirect" title="1893">1893</a>) e per <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann" title="Ludwig Boltzmann">Ludwig Boltzmann</a> (<a href="/wiki/1844" class="mw-redirect" title="1844">1844</a>-<a href="/wiki/1906" class="mw-redirect" title="1906">1906</a>), permetèt de provesir una premiera descripcion dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raionament_dau_c%C3%B2rs_negre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raionament dau còrs negre (la pagina existís pas)">raionament dau còrs negre</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1900" class="mw-redirect" title="1900">1900</a>). <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acid_d%27Arrhenius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acid d'Arrhenius (la pagina existís pas)">Acid d'Arrhenius</a>.</div> <p><b>1884</b> : dins lo quadre de sei trabalhs sus leis <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ions</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">suedés</a> <a href="/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" class="mw-redirect" title="Svante August Arrhenius">Svante August Arrhenius</a> (<a href="/wiki/1859" class="mw-redirect" title="1859">1859</a>-<a href="/wiki/1927" class="mw-redirect" title="1927">1927</a>) prepausèt una definicion novèla de l'aciditat. Segon eu, lei <a href="/wiki/Compausat_quimic" title="Compausat quimic">substàncias acidas</a> èran capablas de liberar d'ions idrogèn en <a href="/wiki/Solucion_(quimia)" title="Solucion (quimia)">solucion</a> e lei substàncias basicas èran capablas de liberar d'ions idroxid. Aquela teoria foguèt inicialament mau acceptada per la comunautat <a href="/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncia" title="Sciéncia">scientifica</a> mai sei resultats <a href="/wiki/Experi%C3%A9ncia" title="Experiéncia">experimentaus</a> entraïnèron son adopcion progressiva. Pasmens, se venguèt una basa fondamentala de la <a href="/wiki/Quimia_fisica" title="Quimia fisica">quimia fisica</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Electroquimia" title="Electroquimia">electroquimia</a>, mostrèt lèu de limits car podiá pas explicar la basicitat dei compausats que libèran pas d'ions idroxid en <a href="/wiki/Solucion_(quimia)" title="Solucion (quimia)">solucion</a> <a href="/wiki/Aiga" title="Aiga">aquosa</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1923" class="mw-redirect" title="1923">1923</a>). <br /> <b>1884</b> : desvolopament de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pouvera_sensa_fum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pouvera sensa fum (la pagina existís pas)">pouvera sensa fum</a> per l'<a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Vieille" title="Paul Vieille">Paul Vieille</a> (<a href="/wiki/1854" class="mw-redirect" title="1854">1854</a>-<a href="/wiki/1934" class="mw-redirect" title="1934">1934</a>). Melhorat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Nobel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Nobel (la pagina existís pas)">Alfred Nobel</a> tres ans pus tard, aquela invencion es a l'origina dei pouveras militaras modèrnas e permetèt la demenicion dei <a href="/wiki/Calibre" title="Calibre">calibres</a>. <br /> <b>1884</b> : construccion de la premiera turbina de vapor de reaccion per l'<a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">britanic</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Parsons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Parsons (la pagina existís pas)">Charles Parsons</a> (<a href="/wiki/1854" class="mw-redirect" title="1854">1854</a>-<a href="/wiki/1931" class="mw-redirect" title="1931">1931</a>). L'utilizèt per entraïnar un generator d'<a href="/wiki/Electricitat" title="Electricitat">electricitat</a> marcant una evolucion fòrça importanta dins la produccion d'<a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> que comencèt a cha pauc de s'orientar vèrs la produccion electrica. <br /> <b>1884</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Immunologia" title="Immunologia">immunologia</a>, lo mètge <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_L%C3%B6ffler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Löffler (la pagina existís pas)">Friedrich Löffler</a> (<a href="/wiki/1852" class="mw-redirect" title="1852">1852</a>-<a href="/wiki/1915" class="mw-redirect" title="1915">1915</a>) emetèt l'ipotèsi de l'existéncia de substàncias toxicas, dichas « <a href="/wiki/Toxina" title="Toxina">toxinas</a> », secretadas per de microorganismes. Aquò èra la conclusion d'un estudi de cadabres d'animaus victimas de la <a href="/wiki/Difteria" title="Difteria">difteria</a> qu'aviá permés de demonstrar la non difusion dei bacils de la plaga a l'origina de la <a href="/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1" title="Malautiá">malautiá</a> au rèsta de l'organisme (→ <a href="/wiki/1888" class="mw-redirect" title="1888">1888</a>). <br /> <b>1884</b> : identificacion dau bacil responsable dau <a href="/wiki/Tetan%C3%B2s" title="Tetanòs">tetanòs</a> per lo mètge <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Nicolaier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Nicolaier (la pagina existís pas)">Arthur Nicolaier</a> (<a href="/wiki/1862" class="mw-redirect" title="1862">1862</a>-<a href="/wiki/1942" class="mw-redirect" title="1942">1942</a>). Aquò foguèt la premiera etapa dau trabalh que permetèt de trobar un <a href="/wiki/Vaccinacion" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaccinacion">vaccin</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1889" class="mw-redirect" title="1889">1889</a> e <a href="/wiki/1926" class="mw-redirect" title="1926">1926</a>). <br /> <b>1884</b> : premiera anestesia locala realizada per l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oftalmologia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oftalmologia (la pagina existís pas)">oftalmologista</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">austrian</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_K%C3%B6ller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Köller (la pagina existís pas)">Carl Köller</a> (<a href="/wiki/1857" class="mw-redirect" title="1857">1857</a>-<a href="/wiki/1944" class="mw-redirect" title="1944">1944</a>). <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Delamare_Deboutteville_Malandin._Brevet_160_267..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Delamare_Deboutteville_Malandin._Brevet_160_267..jpg/220px-Delamare_Deboutteville_Malandin._Brevet_160_267..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Delamare_Deboutteville_Malandin._Brevet_160_267..jpg/330px-Delamare_Deboutteville_Malandin._Brevet_160_267..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Delamare_Deboutteville_Malandin._Brevet_160_267..jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Esquèma de l'<a href="/wiki/Automobila" title="Automobila">automobila</a> inventat per <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Delamare-Deboutteville" title="Édouard Delamare-Deboutteville">Édouard Delamare-Deboutteville</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Malandin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Malandin (la pagina existís pas)">Léon Malandin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1884</b> : brevet d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Delamare-Deboutteville" title="Édouard Delamare-Deboutteville">Édouard Delamare-Deboutteville</a> e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Malandin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Malandin (la pagina existís pas)">Léon Malandin</a> regardant la premiera <a href="/wiki/Automobila" title="Automobila">automobila</a> equipat d'un motor d'esséncia de quatre temps (12 de febrier). Aqueu veïcul utilizava una cadena per la transmission e un diferenciau e èra equipat d'una banqueta e d'una plataforma. <br /> <b>1885</b> : fin dei trabalhs acomençats en <a href="/wiki/1883" class="mw-redirect" title="1883">1883</a> per l'<a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Maxim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiram Maxim (la pagina existís pas)">Hiram Maxim</a> (<a href="/wiki/1840" class="mw-redirect" title="1840">1840</a>-<a href="/wiki/1916" class="mw-redirect" title="1916">1916</a>) sus lei <a href="/wiki/Mitralhi%C3%A8ra" title="Mitralhièra">mitralhièras</a>. Aquò li permetèt de desvolopar la premiera <a href="/wiki/Mitralhi%C3%A8ra" title="Mitralhièra">mitralhièra</a> automatica de tir continú. Modificada en <a href="/wiki/1894" class="mw-redirect" title="1894">1894</a> per l'adaptar a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pouvera_sensa_fum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pouvera sensa fum (la pagina existís pas)">pouvera sensa fum</a>, foguèt adoptada per mai d'una armada <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">europèa</a> a la fin dau sègle XIX e au començament dau sègle XX. Son foncionament èra basat sus l'efèct de reculament. <br /> <b>1885</b> : explosion de la supernova <a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_1885A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SN 1885A (la pagina existís pas)">SN 1885A</a> dins la <a href="/wiki/Galaxia_d%27Androm%C3%A8da" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaxia d'Andromèda">galaxia d'Andromèda</a> – qu'èra alora considerada coma una <a href="/wiki/Nebulosa" title="Nebulosa">nebulosa</a> situada dins la <a href="/wiki/Via_Lact%C3%A8a" title="Via Lactèa">Via Lactèa</a>. Foguèt la premiera supernova estudiada amb un <a href="/wiki/Telesc%C3%B2pi" title="Telescòpi">telescòpi</a>. <br /> <b>1885</b> : descubèrta dei camps magnetics viradís per lo <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galileo_Ferraris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galileo Ferraris (la pagina existís pas)">Galileo Ferraris</a> (<a href="/wiki/1847" class="mw-redirect" title="1847">1847</a>-<a href="/wiki/1897" class="mw-redirect" title="1897">1897</a>). Aquò aguèt de consequéncias importantas e rapidas sus lo desvolopament de maquinas electricas industrialas. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Tableau_Louis_Pasteur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Tableau_Louis_Pasteur.jpg/220px-Tableau_Louis_Pasteur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Tableau_Louis_Pasteur.jpg/330px-Tableau_Louis_Pasteur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Tableau_Louis_Pasteur.jpg/440px-Tableau_Louis_Pasteur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura">Pintura</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Albert_Edelfelt" title="Albert Edelfelt">Albert Edelfelt</a> representant Louis Pasteur estudiant una mòstra de lapin tuat per la <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A0bia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ràbia (la pagina existís pas)">ràbia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1885</b> : descubèrta dau premier <a href="/wiki/Vaccinacion" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaccinacion">vaccin</a> còntra la <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A0bia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ràbia (la pagina existís pas)">ràbia</a> per lo quimista <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> (<a href="/wiki/1822" class="mw-redirect" title="1822">1822</a>-<a href="/wiki/1895" class="mw-redirect" title="1895">1895</a>). Aquò permetèt de luchar d'un biais eficaç còntra una <a href="/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1" title="Malautiá">malautiá</a> perilhosa qu'entraïnava un nombre important de victimas cada annada e demostrèt l'eficacitat de la <a href="/wiki/Vaccinacion" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaccinacion">vaccinacion</a>. <br /> <b>1885</b> : descubèrta de <a href="/wiki/Germani" title="Germani">germani</a> per lo quimista <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clemens_Winkler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clemens Winkler (la pagina existís pas)">Clemens Winkler</a> (<a href="/wiki/1838" class="mw-redirect" title="1838">1838</a>-<a href="/wiki/1904" class="mw-redirect" title="1904">1904</a>). <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Proton</a>.</div> <p><b>1886</b> : descubèrta dau <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a> per lo fisician <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugen_Goldstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugen Goldstein (la pagina existís pas)">Eugen Goldstein</a> (<a href="/wiki/1850" class="mw-redirect" title="1850">1850</a>-<a href="/wiki/1930" class="mw-redirect" title="1930">1930</a>) que postulèt l'existéncia de rais de particulas de carga electrica positiva per explicar de fenomèns observats sus un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tube_de_Crookes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tube de Crookes (la pagina existís pas)">tube de Crookes</a>. Pasmens, la particula novèla foguèt pas identificada coma un constituent dau nuclèu <a href="/wiki/At%C3%B2m" title="Atòm">atomic</a> avans <a href="/wiki/1919" class="mw-redirect" title="1919">1919</a>. <br /> <b>1886</b> : brevet de l'<a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Benz" title="Carl Benz">Carl Benz</a> (<a href="/wiki/1844" class="mw-redirect" title="1844">1844</a>-<a href="/wiki/1929" class="mw-redirect" title="1929">1929</a>) regardant una <a href="/wiki/Automobila" title="Automobila">automobila</a> que capitèt de realizar un trajècte de 104 km en <a href="/wiki/1888" class="mw-redirect" title="1888">1888</a> (amb una velocitat mejana d'aperaquí 15 km/h). <br /> <b>1886</b> : dins lo domeni dau comèrci maritim, intrada en servici dau <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%BCckauf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glückauf (la pagina existís pas)">Glückauf</a></i> que foguèt lo premier <a href="/wiki/Petrolier" title="Petrolier">petrolier</a> de concepcion modèrna. D'efiech, lo premier tipe de petrolier, aparegut en <a href="/wiki/1861" class="mw-redirect" title="1861">1861</a>, èra un naviri fòrça perilhós car utilizava dei sèrvas intèrnas per transpòrtar lo <a href="/wiki/Petr%C3%B2li" title="Petròli">petròli</a>, çò que podiá entraïnar un acampament de vapors <a href="/wiki/Explosion" title="Explosion">explosivas</a> dins l'espaci liure entre lei sèrvas e la còca. Per resòuvre aqueu problema, lo <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%BCckauf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glückauf (la pagina existís pas)">Glückauf</a></i> foguèt concebut amb de cistèrnas delimitadas dirèctament per la còca, çò que permetiá de suprimir l'espaci liure. Relativament segur regardant lo risc d'explosion, aqueu tipe de petrolier venguèt la nòrma fins ais <a href="/wiki/Ans_1980" title="Ans 1980">ans 1980</a> e l'aparicion dau petrolier de còca dobla per respòndre ai problemas de pollucion. <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbina_Pelton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turbina Pelton (la pagina existís pas)">Turbina Pelton</a>.</div> <p><b>1887</b> : depaus d'un brevet per una <a href="/wiki/Turbina" title="Turbina">turbina</a> idraulica novèla creada per l'inventor <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leston_Allen_Pelton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leston Allen Pelton (la pagina existís pas)">Leston Allen Pelton</a> (<a href="/wiki/1829" class="mw-redirect" title="1829">1829</a>-<a href="/wiki/1908" class="mw-redirect" title="1908">1908</a>). Èra un melhorament de la turbina <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Bichens_Francis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Bichens Francis (la pagina existís pas)">Francis</a> ben adaptat per lei <a href="/wiki/Cascada" title="Cascada">cascadas</a> de mai de 200 mètres d'autor. <br /> <b>1887</b> : regardant lo desvolopament de maquinas industrialas electricas, la descubèrta dei camps magnetics viradís per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galileo_Ferraris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galileo Ferraris (la pagina existís pas)">Galileo Ferraris</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1885" class="mw-redirect" title="1885">1885</a>) trobèt una aplicacion importanta amb lo premier depaus d'un brevet pertocant una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maquina_asincr%C3%B2na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maquina asincròna (la pagina existís pas)">maquina asincròna</a> per l'<a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> serboestatunidenc <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a> (<a href="/wiki/1856" class="mw-redirect" title="1856">1856</a>-<a href="/wiki/1943" class="mw-redirect" title="1943">1943</a>). <br /> <b>1887</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">fotografia</a>, invencion dau flash per permetre la produccion d'un lume intens capable d'illuminar un subjècte. Fins ais ans 1930, l'idèa èra d'utilizar la lutz producha per la combustion d'una pichona quantitat de magnèsi. Pasmens, aquò èra relativament perilhós car lo <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A8si" title="Magnèsi">magnèsi</a> es una substància fòrça inflamabla. Autre problema – au nivèu fotografic – l'entraïnament de la combustion èra manuau, çò qu'èra pas totjorn precís. <br /> <b>1887</b> : premier enregistrament d'un electrocardiograma uman per lo <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Britanic</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustus_D%C3%A9sis%C3%A9_Waller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustus Désisé Waller (la pagina existís pas)">Augustus Désisé Waller</a> (<a href="/wiki/1856" class="mw-redirect" title="1856">1856</a>-<a href="/wiki/1922" class="mw-redirect" title="1922">1922</a>). <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Gymnote1889.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gymnote1889.jpg/220px-Gymnote1889.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gymnote1889.jpg/330px-Gymnote1889.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gymnote1889.jpg/440px-Gymnote1889.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> dau <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnote_(1888)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gymnote (1888) (la pagina existís pas)">Gymnote</a></i> en <a href="/wiki/1889" class="mw-redirect" title="1889">1889</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1888</b> : assais dei premiers prototipes de <a href="/wiki/Sosmarin" title="Sosmarin">sosmarins</a> militars per lei marinas <a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">espanhòla</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosmarin_de_Peral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosmarin de Peral (la pagina existís pas)">sosmarin de Peral</a>, 8 de setembre) e <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesa</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnote_(1888)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gymnote (1888) (la pagina existís pas)">Gymnote</a></i>, 24 de setembre). Leis autoritats militaras dei dos país adoptèron de ponchs de vista diferents. En <a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">Espanha</a>, lo sosmarin concebut per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Peral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaac Peral (la pagina existís pas)">Isaac Peral</a> (<a href="/wiki/1851" class="mw-redirect" title="1851">1851</a>-<a href="/wiki/1895" class="mw-redirect" title="1895">1895</a>) se turtèt a una oposicion viva e foguèt finalament abandonat. Au contrari, en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, leis assais foguèron jutjats satisfasents e lo <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnote_(1888)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gymnote (1888) (la pagina existís pas)">Gymnote</a></i> venguèt lo precursor dei sosmarins d'ataca que foguèron desvolopats per divèrsei flòtas europèas a la fin dau sègle XIX e au començament dau sègle XX. <br /> <b>1888</b> : descubèrta de l'existéncia d'ondas electromagneticas diferentas de la <a href="/wiki/Lutz" title="Lutz">lutz</a> per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Hertz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Hertz (la pagina existís pas)">Heinrich Hertz</a> (<a href="/wiki/1857" class="mw-redirect" title="1857">1857</a>-<a href="/wiki/1894" class="mw-redirect" title="1894">1894</a>). <br /> <b>1888</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Immunologia" title="Immunologia">immunologia</a>, confirmacion de l'existéncia dei <a href="/wiki/Toxina" title="Toxina">toxinas</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1884" class="mw-redirect" title="1884">1884</a>) après la descubèrta de la toxina difterica per <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Roux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Émile Roux (la pagina existís pas)">Émile Roux</a> (<a href="/wiki/1853" class="mw-redirect" title="1853">1853</a>-<a href="/wiki/1933" class="mw-redirect" title="1933">1933</a>) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Yersin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandre Yersin (la pagina existís pas)">Alexandre Yersin</a> (<a href="/wiki/1863" class="mw-redirect" title="1863">1863</a>-<a href="/wiki/1943" class="mw-redirect" title="1943">1943</a>). <br /> <b>1888</b> : descubèrta dei cristaus liquids per lo quimista <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">austrian</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Reinitzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Reinitzer (la pagina existís pas)">Friedrich Reinitzer</a> (<a href="/wiki/1857" class="mw-redirect" title="1857">1857</a>-<a href="/wiki/1927" class="mw-redirect" title="1927">1927</a>). <br /> <b>1889</b> : invencion per l'<a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">suedés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_de_Laval&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustaf de Laval (la pagina existís pas)">Gustaf de Laval</a> (<a href="/wiki/1845" class="mw-redirect" title="1845">1845</a>-<a href="/wiki/1913" class="mw-redirect" title="1913">1913</a>) de la premiera <a href="/wiki/Turbina" title="Turbina">turbina</a> de <a href="/wiki/Vapor" title="Vapor">vapor</a> d'accion que poguèt èsser aisament adaptada per d'aplicacions industrialas. <br /> <b>1889</b> : invencion per l'inventor <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">rus</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Dolivo-Dobrovolski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolski (la pagina existís pas)">Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolski</a> (<a href="/wiki/1861" class="mw-redirect" title="1861">1861</a>-<a href="/wiki/1919" class="mw-redirect" title="1919">1919</a>) de la premiera <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maquina_asincr%C3%B2na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maquina asincròna (la pagina existís pas)">maquina asincròna</a> que foguèt industrializada. <br /> <b>1889</b> : cinc ans après la descubèrta dau bacil dau <a href="/wiki/Tetan%C3%B2s" title="Tetanòs">tetanòs</a> en <a href="/wiki/1884" class="mw-redirect" title="1884">1884</a>, lo mètge <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">japonés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitasato_Shibasaburo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitasato Shibasaburo (la pagina existís pas)">Kitasato Shibasaburo</a> (<a href="/wiki/1853" class="mw-redirect" title="1853">1853</a>-<a href="/wiki/1931" class="mw-redirect" title="1931">1931</a>) capitèt de melhorar lei tecnicas d'isolament dau bacil. Aquò permetèt de cultivar de quantitats pus importantas dei gèrmes a l'origina de la <a href="/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1" title="Malautiá">malautiá</a> e favorizèt la concepcion dau premier <a href="/wiki/Vaccinacion" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaccinacion">vaccin</a> un trentenau d'annadas pus tard (→ <a href="/wiki/1897" class="mw-redirect" title="1897">1897</a> e <a href="/wiki/1926" class="mw-redirect" title="1926">1926</a>). <br /> <b>1889</b> : presentacion de la premiera <a href="/wiki/Automobila" title="Automobila">automobila</a> modèrna per leis <a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaires</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemands</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottlieb_Daimler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottlieb Daimler (la pagina existís pas)">Gottlieb Daimler</a> (<a href="/wiki/1834" class="mw-redirect" title="1834">1834</a>-<a href="/wiki/1900" class="mw-redirect" title="1900">1900</a>) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Maybach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Maybach (la pagina existís pas)">Wilhelm Maybach</a> (<a href="/wiki/1846" class="mw-redirect" title="1846">1846</a>-<a href="/wiki/1929" class="mw-redirect" title="1929">1929</a>). En particular, lo veïcul èra per lo premier còp equipat d'un motor d'esséncia de combustion intèrna e d'un carburator de gisclaire. <br /> <b>1889</b> : premiera estimacion de la velocitat de desplaçament d'ondas sismicas a la superficia terrèstra (7 km/s). Foguèt realizada per l'<a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">astronòm</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_von_Rebeur-Paschwitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz (la pagina existís pas)">Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz</a> (<a href="/wiki/1861" class="mw-redirect" title="1861">1861</a>-<a href="/wiki/1895" class="mw-redirect" title="1895">1895</a>) a partir de mesuras sus de pendulas installadas dins doas estacions diferentas<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decès"><span id="Dec.C3.A8s"></span>Decès</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Decès" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Decès"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles-Valentin_Alkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles-Valentin Alkan (la pagina existís pas)">Charles-Valentin Alkan</a>, compositor <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Scott_Archer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Scott Archer (la pagina existís pas)">Frederick Scott Archer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">fotograf</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Arthur" title="Chester Arthur">Chester Arthur</a>, president <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teod%C3%B2r_Auban%C3%A8u" title="Teodòr Aubanèu">Teodòr Aubanèu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia">poèta</a> <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7a" title="Provença">provençau</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ndido_Bareiro" title="Cándido Bareiro">Cándido Bareiro</a>, president de <a href="/wiki/Paraguai" title="Paraguai">Paraguai</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandr_Borodin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandr Borodin (la pagina existís pas)">Aleksandr Borodin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musica" title="Musica">compositor</a> e <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">rus</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Bosco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Bosco (la pagina existís pas)">Joan Bosco</a>, sant <a href="/wiki/Catolicisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicisme">catolic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Bouch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Bouch (la pagina existís pas)">Thomas Bouch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Agostino Depretis</a>, Premier Ministre d'<a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Deville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Deville (la pagina existís pas)">Henri Deville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Elssler" title="Fanny Elssler">Fanny Elssler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan%C3%A7a" title="Dança">dançairtz</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">austriana</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Gustave Flaubert</a>, escrivan francés.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Abram_Garfield" title="James Abram Garfield">James Abram Garfield</a>, president <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucien_Gaulard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucien Gaulard (la pagina existís pas)">Lucien Gaulard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Hern%C3%A1ndez" class="mw-redirect" title="José Hernández">José Hernández</a>, poèta e jornalista <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">argentin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Kirchhoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Kirchhoff (la pagina existís pas)">Gustav Kirchhoff</a>, fisician <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Kuhlmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frédéric Kuhlmann (la pagina existís pas)">Frédéric Kuhlmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> e <a href="/wiki/Industria" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria">industriau</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Lassell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Lassell (la pagina existís pas)">William Lassell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">astronòm</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustave_Le_Gray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustave Le Gray (la pagina existís pas)">Gustave Le Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">fotograf</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Liouville" title="Joseph Liouville">Joseph Liouville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematician</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">pianista</a> <a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">ongrés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Losi" title="Giovanni Losi">Giovanni Losi</a>, religiós <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">italiàn</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo%C3%ADs_II_de_Bavi%C3%A8ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loís II de Bavièra (la pagina existís pas)">Loís II de Bavièra</a>, rèi de <a href="/wiki/Bavi%C3%A8ra" title="Bavièra">Bavièra</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosòf</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Economica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economica (la pagina existís pas)">economista</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Masson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Masson (la pagina existís pas)">Antoine Masson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Mendel" title="Gregor Mendel">Gregor Mendel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturalisme (la pagina existís pas)">naturalista</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">austrian</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysse_Parent" title="Ulysse Parent">Ulysse Parent</a>, revolucionari <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_II_de_Brasil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro II de Brasil (la pagina existís pas)">Pedro II</a>, emperaire de <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles-Emmanuel_S%C3%A9dillot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles-Emmanuel Sédillot (la pagina existís pas)">Charles-Emmanuel Sédillot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina">mètge</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shanks" title="William Shanks">William Shanks</a>, matematician <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">britanic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Wilhelm_Siemens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Wilhelm Siemens (la pagina existís pas)">Carl Wilhelm Siemens</a>, engenhaire germanobritanic.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Angus_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Angus Smith (la pagina existís pas)">Robert Angus Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> <a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia">escocés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascanio_Sobrero" title="Ascanio Sobrero">Ascanio Sobrero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">italian</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Treuille_de_Beaulieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Treuille de Beaulieu (la pagina existís pas)">Antoine Treuille de Beaulieu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generau" title="Generau">generau</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_W%C3%B6hler" title="Friedrich Wöhler">Friedrich Wöhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Liames intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Michael R. Rampino e Stephen Self, « Historic Eruptions of Tambora (1815), Krakatau (1883), and Agung (1963), their Stratospheric Aerosols, and Climatic Impact », <i>Quaternary Research</i>, vol. 18, n°2,‎ 1982, pp. 127–143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Per aqueu trabalh, lei dos òmes recebèron lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A8mi_Nob%C3%A8l_de_Fisiologia_o_Medecina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prèmi Nobèl de Fisiologia o Medecina (la pagina existís pas)">Prèmi Nobèl de Fisiologia ò Medecina</a> en <a href="/wiki/1908" class="mw-redirect" title="1908">1908</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz, « The Earthquake of Tokio, April 18, 1889 », <i>Nature</i>, vol. 40,‎ 1889, pp. 294-295.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&oldid=2451845">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ans_1880&oldid=2451845</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_mides_d%27imatge_que_contenen_px_addicionals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals (la pagina existís pas)">Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_redigit_en_proven%C3%A7au" title="Categoria:Article redigit en provençau">Article redigit en provençau</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 16 octobre de 2024 a 09.36.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. 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