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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%ED%8C%8C%EB%8F%99%EB%A7%A5" title="허파동맥">허파동맥</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>문서 편집 권한이 없습니다. 다음 이유를 확인해주세요: </p> <div class="permissions-errors"><div class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"><b>Your IP address is in a range that has been <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks">blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis</a>.</b> <p>The block was made by <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90:Jon_Kolbert" title="사용자:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a>. 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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>문서의 원본을 보거나 복사할 수 있습니다. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="ko" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{위키데이터 속성 추적}} {{해부학 정보 |종류 = 동맥 |이름 = 허파동맥 |영어 = pulmonary artery |라틴어 = arteria pulmonalis |그림 = Diagram of the human heart (cropped).svg |설명 = 심장을 열어 앞에서 본 그림. 하얀 화살표 방향이 정상적인 혈류 방향을 나타낸다. 허파동맥은 우측 상단에 표시되어 있다. |기원 = [[우심실]] |가지 = |기관 = [[심혈관계]], [[호흡계]] |발생기 구조 = [[동맥줄기]] |혈액 공급 = }} '''허파동맥''' 또는 '''폐동맥'''(pulmonary artery)은 [[심장]] 오른쪽의 산소 농도가 낮은 [[혈액]]을 [[허파]]로 운반하는 [[허파순환]]의 [[동맥]]이다. 가장 큰 허파동맥은 '''허파동맥줄기''', '''폐동맥간'''(pulmonary trunk) 또는 '''주폐동맥'''(main pulmonary artery)이라고 불린다. 가장 작은 허파동맥은 [[세동맥]]으로, [[폐포]]를 둘러싸고 있는 [[모세혈관]]으로 이어진다. == 구조 == 허파동맥은 심장의 오른쪽으로 돌아온 [[온몸순환]]의 혈액을 허파의 [[모세혈관]]으로 보내는 혈관이다. 다른 기관으로 가는 동맥들은 산소가 풍부한 혈액을 공급하는 역할을 하지만, 허파동맥을 통해서는 심장으로 돌아온 산소가 부족한 정맥혈이 운반된다. 허파동맥줄기는 심장의 오른쪽에서 시작하여 여러 작은 동맥들로 나눠지고, 최종적으로는 [[세동맥]]까지 작아져 [[기체 교환]]이 일어나는 허파의 모세혈관이 된다. === 허파동맥줄기 === [[파일:3D CT of thorax, annotated.jpg|섬네일|350px|[[가슴]]의 [[고해상도 컴퓨터단층촬영]](HRCT) [[볼륨 렌더링]] 사진. 앞쪽 [[가슴벽]], 기도, [[허파뿌리]] 앞쪽의 허파혈관들은 허파순환을 더 잘 보여주기 위해 사진에서 제거되었다.]] 허파동맥은 '''허파동맥줄기'''로서 섬유심장막([[우심실]]의 [[심실유출로]], 또는 [[동맥원뿔]]의 [[심장막]])에서 시작된다.<ref name="Ryan 2011"/> 심실유출로는 [[허파동맥판]] 뒤쪽에서 왼쪽과 위쪽으로 주행한다.<ref name="Ryan 2011"/> 허파동맥은 이후 [[대동맥활]] 아래, 왼쪽 주기관지 앞에서 오른쪽과 왼쪽 허파동맥으로 갈라진다.<ref name="Ryan 2011">{{서적 인용|last1=Ryan |first1=Stephanie |title=Anatomy for diagnostic imaging |date=2011 |publisher=Elsevier Ltd |isbn=9780702029714 |page=126, 133|edition=Third |chapter=2}}</ref> 허파동맥줄기는 짧고 넓은데 그 길이는 대략 5cm,<ref name="Chatterjee 2011"/> 직경은 약 2-3cm이다.<ref>{{저널 인용 |last=Edwards |first=P D |last2=Bull |first2=R K |last3=Coulden |first3=R |date=1998-10-01 |title=CT measurement of main pulmonary artery diameter. |url=https://www.birpublications.org/doi/abs/10.1259/bjr.71.850.10211060 |journal=The British Journal of Radiology |volume=71 |issue=850 |pages=1018–1020 |doi=10.1259/bjr.71.850.10211060 |issn=0007-1285 }}{{깨진 링크|url=https://www.birpublications.org/doi/abs/10.1259/bjr.71.850.10211060 }}</ref><ref>{{저널 인용|last=Truong |first=Quynh A. |last2=Massaro |first2=Joseph M. |last3=Rogers |first3=Ian S. |last4=Mahabadi |first4=Amir A. |last5=Kriegel |first5=Matthias F. |last6=Fox |first6=Caroline S. |last7=O'Donnell |first7=Christopher J. |last8=Hoffmann |first8=Udo |date=2012-01-01 |title=Reference Values for Normal Pulmonary Artery Dimensions by Noncontrast Cardiac Computed Tomography |url=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.968610 |journal=Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=147–154 |doi=10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.968610 |pmc=PMC3275437 |pmid=22178898}}</ref> 허파동맥줄기는 오른쪽과 왼쪽 허파동맥으로 갈라진다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/rad/cxr/anatomy6chest.html|title=Pulmonary Vasculature|website=[[University of Virginia School of Medicine]]|date=2013|access-date=2017-06-24}}</ref> 왼쪽이 오른쪽보다 길이가 짧으며,<ref name="Ryan 2011"/> 왼허파동맥은 [[내림대동맥]] 뒤쪽, 왼쪽 주기관지에서 아래로 주행하여 왼쪽 [[허파뿌리]]로 들어간다. 몸의 위쪽에서 왼허파동맥은 몸쪽 내림대동맥과 [[동맥관인대]]를 통해 연결되어 있다.<ref name="Chatterjee 2011">{{서적 인용| veditors = Chatterjee K | vauthors = Cheitlin MD, Ursell PC |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DhFdgp3rfkC&pg=PA6 |title=Cardiology: An Illustrated Textbook |chapter=Cardiac Anatomy |page=6 |publisher=JP Medical Ltd |year=2011 |isbn=9789350252758}}</ref> 오른허파동맥은 [[기관갈림]] 아래에서 몸의 정중선을 가로질러 주행하여 오른쪽 주기관지 앞에 이른다.<ref name="Ryan 2011"/> === 가지 === [[파일:Alveolus diagram.svg|섬네일|먼쪽 끝에서 허파동맥(아래에 표시)은 [[폐포]]에 이르면 모세혈관이 된다.]] 왼허파동맥은 두 개의 엽동맥으로 나누어져 왼쪽 허파의 두 엽에 하나씩 분포한다.<ref>{{저널 인용|last=Kandathil |first=Asha |last2=Chamarthy |first2=Murthy |date=2018-06 |title=Pulmonary vascular anatomy & anatomical variants |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6039811/ |journal=Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=201–207 |doi=10.21037/cdt.2018.01.04 |issn=2223-3652 |pmc=6039811 |pmid=30057869}}</ref> 오른쪽 [[허파뿌리]]에서는 오른허파동맥이 오른위엽기관지 앞에 위치하는 위엽가지와, 중간기관지와 함께 주행하며 오른중간엽과 오른아래엽에 혈액을 공급하는 엽사이동맥으로 갈라진다.<ref name="Ryan 2011"/> 양쪽 허파동맥은 각각에 대응하는 허파의 엽에 혈액을 공급하는 가지를 낸다. 이 가지들은 '''엽동맥'''(lobar arteries)이라고 한다.<ref name="virginia 2013"/> 엽동맥은 '''분절동맥'''(segmental arteries, 대략 각 구역당 1개가 존재)으로 다시 갈라진다. 분절동맥은 기관지의 뒤가쪽 표면에서 분절기관지와 함께 주행한다.<ref name="virginia 2013"/> 분절동맥은 '''세분절동맥'''(subsegmental pulmonary arteries)으로 갈라진다.<ref name="virginia 2013">{{웹 인용|url=https://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/rad/ctpa/02anat/anat-01-01.html|title=Pulmonary Artery Anatomy|website=[[University of Virginia School of Medicine]]|date=2013|access-date=2017-06-24}}</ref> 최종적으로는 '''소엽속동맥'''(intralobular arteries)이 형성되며 끝난다.<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Takahashi M, Fukuoka J, Nitta N, Takazakura R, Nagatani Y, Murakami Y, Otani H, Murata K | display-authors = 6 | title = Imaging of pulmonary emphysema: a pictorial review | journal = International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = 193–204 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18686729 | pmc = 2629965 | doi = 10.2147/COPD.S2639 }}</ref> 허파동맥은 폐포에 혈액을 공급한다. 대조적으로 [[기관지동맥]]은 시작 지점이 다르며 허파의 [[기관지]]에 혈액을 공급한다.<ref name="Ryan 2011"/> == 발생 == 허파동맥은 [[동맥줄기]]와 여섯째 [[인두굽이]]에서 발생한다. 동맥줄기는 [[심장 발생]] 중 [[동맥원뿔]] 이전에 형성되는 구조물이다.<ref name = "Larsen_2009">{{서적 인용| vauthors = Schoenwolf GC, Larsen MJ, Bleyl SR, Brauer PR, Francis-West PH | title = Larsen's human embryology | date = 2009 | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia | isbn = 9780443068119 | pages = Development of the Urogenital system | edition = 4th ed., Thoroughly rev. and updated. }}</ref>{{rp|157}} 발생 3주에는 {{임시링크|심장속막대롱|en|Endocardial tubes}}이 심장에 가장 가까운 부분에서 팽대된 부분을 만든다. 팽대된 부분은 {{임시링크|심장팽대|en|Bulbus cordis}}라고 하며 심장팽대의 위쪽 부분이 동맥줄기로 발달한다.<ref name = "Larsen_2009" />{{rp|159–160}} 동맥줄기의 기원은 궁극적으로 [[중배엽]]이다.<ref name = "Larsen_2009" />{{rp|157}} 심장 발생 중에 심장 조직은 접히면서 동맥줄기가 드러나 최종적으로는 [[좌심실]]과 [[우심실]]로 발달한다. 두 심실 사이에서 [[심실사이막]]이 발달하며 동맥줄기 양쪽에서 두 개의 팽대 부분이 형성된다. 동맥줄기가 [[대동맥]]과 허파동맥으로 갈라지기 전까지 팽대는 계속해서 커진다.<ref name = "Larsen_2009" />{{rp|176–179}} 초기 발생 중 [[동맥관]]이 허파동맥과 [[대동맥활]]을 연결하여 혈액이 허파를 우회하여 순환할 수 있도록 한다.<ref name = "Braunwald_1992">{{서적 인용|title = Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine| vauthors = Braunwald E |edition = Fourth | date = 1992 | location = Philadelphia | publisher = W.B. Sanders }}</ref>{{rp|791}} == 기능 == 허파동맥은 [[우심실]]에서 허파로 산소가 부족한 혈액을 운반한다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/22-4-gas-exchange/|title=22.4 Gas Exchange – Anatomy and Physiology|website=opentextbc.ca|access-date=2019-05-22|archive-date=2020-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019234848/https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/22-4-gas-exchange/|url-status=dead}}</ref> 이 혈액은 [[폐포]]에 인접한 [[모세혈관]]을 따라 흘러가 [[호흡 (생리학)|호흡]]을 통해 [[산소]]가 채워진다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/biology-of-the-lungs-and-airways/exchanging-oxygen-and-carbon-dioxide|title=Exchanging Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide – Lung and Airway Disorders|website=MSD Manual Consumer Version|language=en|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref> 허파동맥과 대조적으로 [[기관지동맥]]은 허파 자체에 영양을 공급한다.<ref name = "Braunwald_1992" />{{rp|790}} === 허파동맥압 === {{앵커|허파동맥압}} '''허파동맥압''' 또는 '''폐동맥압'''(pulmonary artery pressure, PA pressure)은 허파동맥줄기에서 측정된 [[혈압]]이다. 혈압 측정은 허파동맥줄기로 [[허파동맥 카테터|카테터]]를 삽입하여 이루어진다.<ref name=DAVIDSONS2010>{{서적 인용| veditors = Colledge NR, Walker BR, Ralston SH, Britton R |title=Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine.|year=2010|publisher=Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-7020-3084-0|edition=21st}}</ref> {{rp|190–191}} 평균 압력은 일반적으로 9-18mmHg이다.<ref name=edwards>{{웹 인용| url = http://www.edwards.com/SiteCollectionImages/edwards/products/presep/ar04313hemodynpocketcard.pdf | publisher = Edwards Lifesciences LLC | title = Normal Hemodynamic Parameters – Adult | date = | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101110081655/http://www.edwards.com/SiteCollectionImages/edwards/products/presep/ar04313hemodynpocketcard.pdf |archive-date=2010-11-10 }}</ref> 또한 [[좌심방]]에서 측정되는 [[허파동맥쐐기압]]은 6-12mmHg로 측정된다. [[좌심실부전]],<ref name=DAVIDSONS2010 />{{rp|190–191}} [[승모판 협착]], 그 외 [[겸상 적혈구 빈혈]] 등 다른 질병이 있을 때 허파동맥쐐기압이 상승할 수 있다.<ref name="pmid18381543">{{저널 인용| vauthors = Pashankar FD, Carbonella J, Bazzy-Asaad A, Friedman A | title = Prevalence and risk factors of elevated pulmonary artery pressures in children with sickle cell disease | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 121 | issue = 4 | pages = 777–782 | date = April 2008 | pmid = 18381543 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2007-0730 | s2cid = 26693444 }}</ref> == 임상적 중요성 == 허파동맥은 여러 임상적 상태와 연관되어 있다. [[폐고혈압]]은 허파동맥의 압력이 증가한 상태를 가리키며, 평균 허파동맥압이 25mmHg보다 큰 경우로 정의된다.<ref name=DAVIDSONS2010 />{{rp|720}} [[CT 스캔]] 등을 통해 측정했을 때 허파동맥의 직경이 29mm 이상인 경우에도 폐고혈압의 기준값으로 사용될 수 있다.<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Marini TJ, He K, Hobbs SK, Kaproth-Joslin K | title = Pictorial review of the pulmonary vasculature: from arteries to veins | journal = Insights into Imaging | volume = 9 | issue = 6 | pages = 971–987 | date = December 2018 | pmid = 30382495 | pmc = 6269336 | doi = 10.1007/s13244-018-0659-5 }}</ref> [[흉부 X선]]에서 내림 허파동맥 직경이 16mm 이상인 경우에도 폐고혈압을 시사한다.<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Chang CH | title = The normal roentgenographic measurement of the right descending pulmonary artery in 1,085 cases and its clinical application. II. Clinical application of the measurement of the right descending pulmonary artery in the radiological diagnosis of pulmonary hypertensions from various causes | journal = Nagoya Journal of Medical Science | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 67–80 | date = December 1965 | pmid = 5865788 | url = https://www.med.nagoya-u.ac.jp/medlib/nagoya_j_med_sci/pdf/v28n1p67_80.pdf | access-date = 15 January 2022 }}</ref> 폐고혈압은 [[심부전]]과 같은 심장의 문제나 [[만성 폐쇄성 폐질환|COPD]] 같은 기도와 허파의 질환, [[피부경화증]], [[폐색전증]]이나 겸상 적혈구 빈혈로 인한 [[혈전]] 등의 혈전증의 결과로 나타날 수 있다.<ref name=DAVIDSONS2010 />{{rp|720–721}} 폐색전증은 색전이 허파순환에 박힌 [[색전증]]을 말한다. 특히 오랫동안 움직이지 못하는 상태가 지속된 이후, [[심부정맥 혈전증]]으로 인해 발생할 수 있다. 폐색전증은 [[암]]과 [[뇌졸중]] 환자에서 흔한 사망의 원인이다.<ref name=DAVIDSONS2010 />{{rp|720–721}} 허파동맥이 오른허파동맥과 왼허파동맥으로 갈라지는 지점에 큰 색전이 박히는 것을 안장 색전(saddle embolus)이라고 한다.<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/saddle-pulmonary-embolism| vauthors = Jones J, etal |title=Saddle pulmonary embolism|website=[[Radiopaedia]]|access-date=2017-10-08}}</ref> 허파동맥과 관련된 다양한 병리를 조사하기 위해 여러 동물 모델이 활용되었다. 허파동맥의 돼지 모델이 가장 자주 사용된다.<ref>{{저널 인용| vauthors = Pillalamarri NR, Patnaik SS, Piskin S, Gueldner P, Finol EA | title = ''Ex Vivo'' Regional Mechanical Characterization of Porcine Pulmonary Arteries | journal = Experimental Mechanics | volume = 61 | issue = 1 | pages = 285–303 | date = January 2021 | pmid = 33814554 | pmc = 8011683 | doi = 10.1007/s11340-020-00678-2 }}</ref> == 추가 이미지 == <gallery> 파일:Relations of the aorta, trachea, esophagus and other heart structures.png|[[대동맥뿌리]]와 [[기관 (해부학)|가관]]의 배쪽을 주행하는 허파동맥줄기와 [[오름대동맥]]의 등쪽으로 주행하는 오른허파동맥, [[내림대동맥]]의 배쪽을 주행하는 왼허파동맥을 보여준다. 파일:Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg|허파순환. 파일:Gray503.png|가슴의 가로 단면. 허파동맥의 위치 관계를 보여준다. 파일:Slide16444.JPG|허파동맥. 파일:Slide44uru.JPG|허파동맥. 깊은 곳 해부, 앞쪽에서 본 사진. 파일:Computed tomograph of pulmonary vessels.jpg|정상 허파의 [[CT 스캔]]. 각기 다른 수준의 허파동맥을 나타내었다. 파일:Bronchial anatomy.jpg|기관지 해부학. </gallery> == 같이 보기 == * [[폐정맥]] * 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