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class="wp-show-posts-inner" style=""> <div class="wp-show-posts-image wpsp-image-left "><img width="500" height="305" src="https://www.eschoolnews.com/files/2024/01/real-time-captioning.jpeg" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="Summarized transcription and real-time captioning both help create a more inclusive and supportive learning environment." decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /></div> <header class="wp-show-posts-entry-header"> <div class="entry-meta"><span class="cat-links"> <a href="https://www.eschoolnews.com/innovative-teaching/students-with-special-needs/" rel="Students with Special Needs"><u>Students with Special Needs</u></a></span></div> <h1> Summarized transcription versus real-time captioning: What’s best? </h1> <span class="author vcard" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.eschoolnews.com/author/contributor/" title="View all posts by Josh Miller" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">Josh Miller</span></a></span><br> <time class="updated" datetime="2024-02-22T11:53:40-05:00" itemprop="dateModified">February 22, 2024</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-12T04:00:00-05:00" itemprop="datePublished">February 12, 2024</time> <h3 class="subheader">Both technologies help create a more inclusive and supportive learning environment</h3> </header> </div> </div> </div><div class="grid-container container" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:#ccc 1px solid; border-top:#ccc 1px solid; padding:7px 0 0 0;"><div align="center"><script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="https://eschool.nui.media/pipeline/173767/0/vj?z=eschool&kw=&click="></script><noscript><a href="https://eschool.nui.media/pipeline/173767/0/cc?z=eschool"><img src="https://eschool.nui.media/pipeline/173767/0/vc?z=eschool&kw=&click=&abr=$imginiframe" width="" height="" alt="" border="0"></a></noscript></div></div> <div id="page" class="site grid-container container hfeed"> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main"> <article id="post-216501" class="post-216501 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-featured-on-eschool-news category-innovative-teaching category-students-with-special-needs tag-accessibility tag-best tag-design tag-education tag-learning tag-news tag-students tag-teaching tag-time tag-visit" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header" aria-label="Content"> <div class="entry-meta"> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-216501" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" 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class="share-email sd-button share-icon" href="mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Summarized%20transcription%20versus%20real-time%20captioning%3A%20What%E2%80%99s%20best%3F&body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eschoolnews.com%2Finnovative-teaching%2F2024%2F02%2F12%2Fsummarized-transcription-real-time-captioning%2F&share=email" target="_blank" title="Click to email a link to a friend" data-email-share-error-title="Do you have email set up?" data-email-share-error-text="If you're having problems sharing via email, you might not have email set up for your browser. You may need to create a new email yourself." data-email-share-nonce="eb86b6dcbb" data-email-share-track-url="https://www.eschoolnews.com/innovative-teaching/2024/02/12/summarized-transcription-real-time-captioning/?share=email"><span>Email</span></a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-print sd-button share-icon" href="https://www.eschoolnews.com/innovative-teaching/2024/02/12/summarized-transcription-real-time-captioning/#print" target="_blank" title="Click to print" ><span>Print</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div> <p><strong><em>Key points:</em></strong></p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li><em>Real-time captioning is a critical accommodation for students</em></li> <li><a href="https://www.ecampusnews.com/teaching-learning/2024/01/10/the-case-for-equity-centered-design/"><em><a href="https://www.eschoolnews.com/innovative-teaching/2024/01/11/leveraging-student-data-to-improve-ieps/">Leveraging student data to improve IEPs</a></em></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eschoolnews.com/innovative-teaching/2024/01/08/workload-approach-k-12-special-education/"><em>Transitioning to a workload approach in K-12 special education</em></a></li> <li><em><i>For more news on accessibility, visit eSN’s </i><a href="https://www.eschoolnews.com/innovative-teaching/">Innovative Teaching</a> page</em></li> </ul> <p>In recent years, the education sector has rapidly adopted captioning, driven not only by its positive impact on comprehension and inclusive learning but also by the necessity of adhering to accessibility standards and providing accommodations for diverse learning styles.</p> <p>While K-12 schools and higher-ed institutions have spent considerable effort adhering to accessibility standards (and should be applauded for that effort), one in four lawsuits in education center around accessibility. Thus, the focus on captioning–a requirement in K-12 and higher education–has intensified.</p> <p>As technology advances, we have seen other tools arise, including summarized transcription. Given the choice between summarized transcription and real-time captioning, it’s crucial to understand which is right for your organization.</p> <p><strong>Summarized transcription: What and why</strong></p> <p>Summarized transcription, a form of “speech-to-text services,” provides “meaning-for-meaning” transcriptions by summarizing the essence of a discussion or other spoken content. This service aims to convey a speaker’s intended meaning in as few words as possible so that a reader can quickly understand the information and participate in the discussion. Because it’s meant for quick comprehension, it is measured in terms of how closely the content captures the speaker’s intended meaning but doesn’t take into account the precise words.</p> <p>Summarized transcript transcribers are often trained in text-condensing strategies. They offer real-time summarized transcripts for lectures, meetings, and live events, either remotely or in the classroom.</p> <p><strong>Real-time captioning: When and why</strong></p> <p>Real-time captioning is performed by professionally trained captioners, automated speech recognition (ASR), or a combination of the two. Unlike summarized transcription, real-time captioning delivers verbatim, “word-for-word” transcriptions in real-time. Since word-for-word transcription aims to capture every word spoken in a discussion, the accuracy of real-time captions is meticulously measured in terms of word error rates and formatted error rates. Word error rate represents the percentage of incorrect words, while formatted error rate considers errors in punctuation, grammar, speaker identification, non-speech elements, capitalization, and other notations.</p> <p>While there is currently no definitive legal requirement for live captioning accuracy rates, the industry standard for closed captioning on recorded content is 99 percent, providing some context as to where live accuracy rates should be.</p> <p>Real-time captions can be delivered to students in several ways. If the student is in person, they can receive captions on a second screen, such as a tablet or laptop. Alternatively, real-time captions can be delivered remotely through solutions like Communication Access Realtime Translation, or CART, catering to students’ preferences.</p> <p>Despite being more expensive due to the intensive training of stenographers and voice writers, real-time captioning is often necessary as an accommodation for students who are d/Deaf or Hard of Hearing, ensuring an equal experience as required under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).</p> <p><strong>What to select</strong></p> <p>The decision to use a real-time captioning service or a summarized transcription service ultimately depends on a student’s needs and preferences, as these two tools, while serving similar purposes, have distinct applications.</p> <p>Meaning-for-meaning transcription caters to consumers who prioritize the overall meaning of what is spoken over the verbatim details. For students who want to understand the overall gist of a discussion rather than every single word, summarized transcription can be a great option – an academic SparkNotes, if you will!</p> <p>Hard-of-hearing students, who can hear some or most spoken content but may need reinforcement from written text, might prefer using meaning-for-meaning transcription. Conversely, d/Deaf students might opt for real-time captioning as a necessary accommodation.</p> <p>It’s important to remember that the benefits of real-time captioning or transcription extend beyond those who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing. Students with Attention Deficit Disorder, for instance, often find that captioning provides the reinforcement they need to stay focused during and after class.</p> <p>Simply put: Real-time captioning is an essential accommodation, while summarized transcription serves as a valuable study tool that cannot replace captions as an accommodation.</p> <p><strong>The value of both for fully inclusive learning environments</strong></p> <p>While summarized transcription serves as a valuable study resource, it falls short of providing the “equal experience” mandated by the ADA. The true strength lies in strategically integrating tools like real-time captioning and summarized transcription. This not only aligns with Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles but also showcases a commitment to inclusive education.</p> <p>By incorporating real-time captioning, educational institutions demonstrate a dedication to ensuring that students with hearing impairments can fully engage with live educational content. Simultaneously, the use of summarized transcription aids in streamlining access to essential course material, supporting effective studying and knowledge retention.</p> <p>Both of these technologies contribute to the creation of a more inclusive and supportive learning environment. Embracing these technologies demonstrates a commitment to addressing diverse learning needs and ensuring that all students have the opportunity to excel academically. 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text-align: left; -webkit-appearance: none!important; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 6px; color: #000; cursor: pointer; font-size: 1em; border: 1px #000 solid; padding: 12px 24px 12px 12px; }</style></div><div id="field_664_1" class="gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-half gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below hidden_label field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_664_1" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_664_1'>First Name<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_1' id='input_664_1' type='text' value='' class='large' placeholder='First Name' aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><div id="field_664_2" class="gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-half gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below hidden_label field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_664_2" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_664_2'>Last Name<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_2' id='input_664_2' type='text' value='' class='large' placeholder='Last Name' aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><div id="field_664_3" class="gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-half gplaceholder gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below hidden_label field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_664_3" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_664_3'>Organization<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_3' id='input_664_3' type='text' value='' class='large' placeholder='Organization' aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><div id="field_664_22" class="gfield gfield--type-phone gfield--input-type-phone gfield--width-half gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below hidden_label field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_664_22" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_664_22'>Phone<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_phone'><input name='input_22' id='input_664_22' type='tel' value='' class='large' placeholder='Phone' aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" /></div></div><div id="field_664_5" class="gfield gfield--type-select gfield--input-type-select gfield--width-half gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below hidden_label field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_664_5" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_664_5'>Title<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_select'><select name='input_5' id='input_664_5' class='large gfield_select' aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" ><option value='' selected='selected' class='gf_placeholder'>Title</option><option value='Administrative Support Staff' >Administrative Support Staff</option><option value='CFO / Finance' >CFO / Finance</option><option value='CIO/MIS/IT Director' >CIO/MIS/IT Director</option><option value='Curriculum Director' >Curriculum Director</option><option value='District Administrator' >District Administrator</option><option value='Federal/State Program Admin' >Federal/State Program Admin</option><option value='Human Resources' >Human Resources</option><option value='Librarian/Media Specialist' >Librarian/Media Specialist</option><option value='Library Services Director' >Library Services Director</option><option value='Non-Educator/ Parent' >Non-Educator/ Parent</option><option value='Principal/ Assistant Principal' >Principal/ Assistant Principal</option><option value='Safety/Security Director' >Safety/Security Director</option><option value='School Board Member' >School Board Member</option><option value='Superintendent / Asst. 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Superintendent</option><option value='Teacher' >Teacher</option><option value='Technology Coordinator, School Level' >Technology Coordinator, School Level</option><option value='Technology Director, District Level' >Technology Director, District Level</option><option value='Vendor' >Vendor</option></select></div></div><div id="field_664_4" class="gfield gfield--type-email gfield--input-type-email gfield--width-half gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_above hidden_label field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_664_4" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_664_4'>Email<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'> <input name='input_4' id='input_664_4' type='email' value='' class='large' placeholder='Email' aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><div id="field_664_63" class="gfield gfield--type-captcha gfield--input-type-captcha gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_664_63" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_664_63'>CAPTCHA</label><div id='input_664_63' class='ginput_container ginput_recaptcha' data-sitekey='6LcheR4UAAAAAOjvLTVULNk-PwxP0TYwHEWEX0xp' data-theme='light' data-tabindex='0' data-badge=''></div></div><div id="field_664_12" class="gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-full gplaceholder field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_hidden" data-js-reload="field_664_12" ><div class='admin-hidden-markup'><i class='gform-icon gform-icon--hidden'></i><span>Hidden</span></div><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_664_12'>Zip / Postal code</label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_12' id='input_664_12' type='text' value='' class='large' aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><div id="field_664_6" class="gfield gfield--type-select gfield--input-type-select field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_hidden" data-js-reload="field_664_6" ><div class='admin-hidden-markup'><i class='gform-icon gform-icon--hidden'></i><span>Hidden</span></div><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_664_6'>Where do you work?</label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_select'><select name='input_6' id='input_664_6' class='large gfield_select' aria-invalid="false" ><option value='' ></option><option value='School Building' >School Building</option><option value='School District' >School District</option><option value='Higher Education' >Higher Education</option><option value='Federal/State Level Education' >Federal/State Level Education</option><option value='Other' >Other</option></select></div></div><div id="field_664_61" class="gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_hidden" data-js-reload="field_664_61" ><div class='admin-hidden-markup'><i class='gform-icon gform-icon--hidden'></i><span>Hidden</span></div><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_664_61'>Title</label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_61' id='input_664_61' type='text' value='' class='large' aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><div id="field_664_7" class="gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gplaceholder field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_hidden" data-js-reload="field_664_7" ><div class='admin-hidden-markup'><i class='gform-icon gform-icon--hidden'></i><span>Hidden</span></div><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_664_7'>Address</label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_7' id='input_664_7' type='text' value='' class='large' aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><div id="field_664_8" class="gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gplaceholder field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_hidden" data-js-reload="field_664_8" ><div class='admin-hidden-markup'><i class='gform-icon gform-icon--hidden'></i><span>Hidden</span></div><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_664_8'>Address (cont.)</label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_8' id='input_664_8' type='text' value='' class='large' aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><div id="field_664_9" class="gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gplaceholder field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_hidden" data-js-reload="field_664_9" ><div class='admin-hidden-markup'><i class='gform-icon gform-icon--hidden'></i><span>Hidden</span></div><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_664_9'>City</label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_9' id='input_664_9' type='text' value='' class='large' aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><div id="field_664_10" class="gfield gfield--type-select gfield--input-type-select gf_left_half gplaceholder gfield--width-half field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_hidden" data-js-reload="field_664_10" ><div class='admin-hidden-markup'><i class='gform-icon gform-icon--hidden'></i><span>Hidden</span></div><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_664_10'>State</label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_select'><select name='input_10' id='input_664_10' class='large gfield_select' aria-invalid="false" ><option value='' ></option><option value='AL' >Alabama</option><option value='AK' >Alaska</option><option value='AB' >Alberta</option><option value='AZ' >Arizona</option><option value='AK' >Arkansas</option><option value='BC' >British Columbia</option><option value='CA' >California</option><option value='CO' >Colorado</option><option value='CT' >Connecticut</option><option value='DE' >Delaware</option><option value='DC' >District of Columbia</option><option value='FL' >Florida</option><option value='GA' >Georgia</option><option value='HI' >Hawaii</option><option value='ID' >Idaho</option><option value='IL' >Illinois</option><option value='IN' >Indiana</option><option value='IA' >Iowa</option><option value='KS' >Kansas</option><option value='KY' >Kentucky</option><option value='LA' >Louisiana</option><option value='ME' >Maine</option><option value='MB' >Manitoba</option><option value='MD' >Maryland</option><option value='MA' >Massachusetts</option><option value='MI' >Michigan</option><option value='MN' >Minnesota</option><option value='MS' >Mississippi</option><option value='MO' >Missouri</option><option value='MT' >Montana</option><option value='NE' >Nebraska</option><option value='NV' >Nevada</option><option value='NB' >New Brunswick</option><option value='NH' >New Hampshire</option><option value='NJ' >New Jersey</option><option value='NM' >New Mexico</option><option value='NY' >New York</option><option value='NF' >Newfoundland & Labrador</option><option value='NC' >North Carolina</option><option value='ND' >North Dakota</option><option value='NT' >Northwest Territories</option><option value='NS' >Nova Scotia</option><option value='NU' >Nunavut</option><option value='OH' >Ohio</option><option value='OK' >Oklahoma</option><option value='ON' >Ontario</option><option value='OR' >Oregon</option><option value='PA' >Pennsylvania</option><option value='PE' >Prince Edward Island</option><option value='QC' >Quebec</option><option value='RI' >Rhode Island</option><option value='SK' >Saskatchewan</option><option value='SC' >South Carolina</option><option value='SD' >South Dakota</option><option value='TN' >Tennessee</option><option value='TX' >Texas</option><option value='UT' >Utah</option><option value='VT' >Vermont</option><option value='VA' >Virginia</option><option value='WA' >Washington</option><option value='WV' >West Virginia</option><option value='WI' >Wisconsin</option><option value='WY' >Wyoming</option><option value='YT' >Yukon</option><option value='Not Listed' >Not Listed</option></select></div></div><div id="field_664_13" class="gfield gfield--type-select gfield--input-type-select gf_right_half gplaceholder gfield--width-half field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_hidden" data-js-reload="field_664_13" ><div class='admin-hidden-markup'><i class='gform-icon gform-icon--hidden'></i><span>Hidden</span></div><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_664_13'>Country</label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_select'><select name='input_13' id='input_664_13' class='large gfield_select' aria-invalid="false" ><option value='' ></option><option value='United States' >United States</option><option value='Canada' >Canada</option><option value='Afghanistan' >Afghanistan</option><option value='Albania' >Albania</option><option value='Algeria' >Algeria</option><option value='American Samoa' >American Samoa</option><option value='Andorra' >Andorra</option><option value='Angola' >Angola</option><option value='Antigua and Barbuda' >Antigua and Barbuda</option><option value='Argentina' >Argentina</option><option value='Armenia' >Armenia</option><option value='Australia' >Australia</option><option value='Austria' >Austria</option><option value='Azerbaijan' >Azerbaijan</option><option value='Bahamas' >Bahamas</option><option value='Bahrain' >Bahrain</option><option value='Bangladesh' >Bangladesh</option><option value='Barbados' >Barbados</option><option value='Belarus' >Belarus</option><option value='Belgium' >Belgium</option><option value='Belize' >Belize</option><option value='Benin' >Benin</option><option value='Bermuda' >Bermuda</option><option value='Bhutan' >Bhutan</option><option value='Bolivia' >Bolivia</option><option value='Bosnia and Herzegovina' >Bosnia and Herzegovina</option><option value='Botswana' >Botswana</option><option value='Brazil' >Brazil</option><option value='Brunei' >Brunei</option><option value='Bulgaria' >Bulgaria</option><option value='Burkina Faso' >Burkina Faso</option><option value='Burundi' >Burundi</option><option value='Cambodia' >Cambodia</option><option value='Cameroon' >Cameroon</option><option value='Canada' >Canada</option><option value='Cape Verde' >Cape Verde</option><option value='Central African Republic' >Central African Republic</option><option value='Chad' >Chad</option><option value='Chile' >Chile</option><option value='China' >China</option><option value='Colombia' >Colombia</option><option value='Comoros' >Comoros</option><option value='Congo' >Congo</option><option value='Costa Rica' >Costa Rica</option><option value='Côte d'Ivoire' >Côte d'Ivoire</option><option value='Croatia' >Croatia</option><option value='Cuba' >Cuba</option><option value='Cyprus' >Cyprus</option><option value='Czech Republic' >Czech Republic</option><option value='Denmark' >Denmark</option><option value='Djibouti' >Djibouti</option><option value='Dominica' >Dominica</option><option value='Dominican Republic' >Dominican Republic</option><option value='East Timor' >East Timor</option><option value='Ecuador' >Ecuador</option><option value='Egypt' >Egypt</option><option value='El Salvador' >El Salvador</option><option value='Equatorial Guinea' >Equatorial Guinea</option><option value='Eritrea' >Eritrea</option><option value='Estonia' >Estonia</option><option value='Ethiopia' >Ethiopia</option><option value='Fiji' >Fiji</option><option value='Finland' >Finland</option><option value='France' >France</option><option value='Gabon' >Gabon</option><option value='Gambia' >Gambia</option><option value='Georgia' >Georgia</option><option value='Germany' >Germany</option><option value='Ghana' >Ghana</option><option value='Greece' >Greece</option><option value='Greenland' >Greenland</option><option value='Grenada' >Grenada</option><option value='Guam' >Guam</option><option value='Guatemala' >Guatemala</option><option value='Guinea' >Guinea</option><option value='Guinea-Bissau' >Guinea-Bissau</option><option value='Guyana' >Guyana</option><option value='Haiti' >Haiti</option><option value='Honduras' >Honduras</option><option value='Hong Kong' >Hong Kong</option><option value='Hungary' >Hungary</option><option value='Iceland' >Iceland</option><option value='India' >India</option><option value='Indonesia' >Indonesia</option><option value='Iran' >Iran</option><option value='Iraq' >Iraq</option><option value='Ireland' >Ireland</option><option value='Israel' >Israel</option><option value='Italy' >Italy</option><option value='Jamaica' >Jamaica</option><option value='Japan' >Japan</option><option value='Jordan' >Jordan</option><option value='Kazakhstan' >Kazakhstan</option><option value='Kenya' >Kenya</option><option value='Kiribati' >Kiribati</option><option value='North Korea' >North Korea</option><option value='South Korea' >South Korea</option><option value='Kuwait' >Kuwait</option><option value='Kyrgyzstan' >Kyrgyzstan</option><option value='Laos' >Laos</option><option value='Latvia' >Latvia</option><option value='Lebanon' >Lebanon</option><option value='Lesotho' >Lesotho</option><option value='Liberia' >Liberia</option><option value='Libya' >Libya</option><option value='Liechtenstein' >Liechtenstein</option><option value='Lithuania' >Lithuania</option><option value='Luxembourg' >Luxembourg</option><option value='Macedonia' >Macedonia</option><option value='Madagascar' >Madagascar</option><option value='Malawi' >Malawi</option><option value='Malaysia' >Malaysia</option><option value='Maldives' >Maldives</option><option value='Mali' >Mali</option><option value='Malta' >Malta</option><option value='Marshall Islands' >Marshall Islands</option><option value='Mauritania' >Mauritania</option><option value='Mauritius' >Mauritius</option><option value='Mexico' >Mexico</option><option value='Micronesia' >Micronesia</option><option value='Moldova' >Moldova</option><option value='Monaco' >Monaco</option><option value='Mongolia' >Mongolia</option><option value='Montenegro' >Montenegro</option><option value='Morocco' >Morocco</option><option value='Mozambique' >Mozambique</option><option value='Myanmar' >Myanmar</option><option value='Namibia' >Namibia</option><option value='Nauru' >Nauru</option><option value='Nepal' >Nepal</option><option value='Netherlands' >Netherlands</option><option value='New Zealand' >New Zealand</option><option value='Nicaragua' >Nicaragua</option><option value='Niger' >Niger</option><option value='Nigeria' >Nigeria</option><option value='Norway' >Norway</option><option value='Northern Mariana Islands' >Northern Mariana Islands</option><option value='Oman' >Oman</option><option value='Pakistan' >Pakistan</option><option value='Palau' >Palau</option><option value='Palestine' >Palestine</option><option value='Panama' >Panama</option><option value='Papua New Guinea' >Papua New Guinea</option><option value='Paraguay' >Paraguay</option><option value='Peru' >Peru</option><option value='Philippines' >Philippines</option><option value='Poland' >Poland</option><option value='Portugal' >Portugal</option><option value='Puerto Rico' >Puerto Rico</option><option value='Qatar' >Qatar</option><option value='Romania' >Romania</option><option value='Russia' >Russia</option><option value='Rwanda' >Rwanda</option><option value='Saint Kitts and Nevis' >Saint Kitts and Nevis</option><option value='Saint Lucia' >Saint 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