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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuorodos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuorodos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nuorodos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuorodos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Turinys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 kalbų</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oud-Turkse_skrif" title="Oud-Turkse skrif – afrikanų" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oud-Turkse skrif" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%A6%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%BE%E1%8A%95_%E1%8C%BD%E1%88%95%E1%8D%88%E1%89%B5" title="የኦርኾን ጽሕፈት – amharų" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የኦርኾን ጽሕፈት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9" title="أبجدية تركية قديمة – arabų" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبجدية تركية قديمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orxon_%C9%99lifbas%C4%B1" title="Orxon əlifbası – azerbaidžaniečių" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Orxon əlifbası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžaniečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="اورخون الیفباسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اورخون الیفباسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D2%99%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Орхон яҙмалары – baškirų" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Орхон яҙмалары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpabet_Turkik_na_Robi" title="Alpabet Turkik na Robi – batak toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Alpabet Turkik na Robi" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="batak toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Орхонска писменост – bulgarų" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Орхонска писменост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8E%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%86" title="ئەلفوبێی تورکیی کۆن – soranių kurdų" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلفوبێی تورکیی کۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranių kurdų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchon-Runen" title="Orchon-Runen – vokiečių" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Orchon-Runen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vokiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script – anglų" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Old Turkic script" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C4%A5ona_runoskribo" title="Orĥona runoskribo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Orĥona runoskribo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiguo_alfabeto_turco" title="Antiguo alfabeto turco – ispanų" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antiguo alfabeto turco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86" title="خط اورخون – persų" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خط اورخون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_de_l%27Orkhon" title="Alphabet de l'Orkhon – prancūzų" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alphabet de l'Orkhon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prancūzų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="पुरानी तुर्की लिपि – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुरानी तुर्की लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_rov%C3%A1s%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Türk rovásírás – vengrų" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Türk rovásírás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="vengrų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Հին թյուրքական ռունական գիր – armėnų" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հին թյուրքական ռունական գիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armėnų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Turk_Kuno" title="Alfabet Turk Kuno – indoneziečių" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfabet Turk Kuno" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_dell%27Orhon" title="Alfabeto dell'Orhon – italų" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto dell'Orhon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="突厥文字 – japonų" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="突厥文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Turki_Bahari" title="Aksara Turki Bahari – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Aksara Turki Bahari" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Көне түркі жазбалары – kazachų" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көне түркі жазбалары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%8C%EA%B6%90_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="돌궐 문자 – korėjiečių" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="돌궐 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korėjiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeya_tirk%C3%AE_ya_kevn" title="Alfabeya tirkî ya kevn – kurdų" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alfabeya tirkî ya kevn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhonas_raksts" title="Orhonas raksts – latvių" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Orhonas raksts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Эртний Түрэг бичиг – mongolų" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эртний Түрэг бичиг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_Turkik_Kuno" title="Abjad Turkik Kuno – malajiečių" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abjad Turkik Kuno" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiske_runer" title="Tyrkiske runer – norvegų bukmolas" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyrkiske runer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegų bukmolas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_orcho%C5%84skie" title="Pismo orchońskie – lenkų" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pismo orchońskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="lenkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_de_Orcom" title="Alfabeto de Orcom – portugalų" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfabeto de Orcom" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_runic_turcic" title="Alfabet runic turcic – rumunų" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfabet runic turcic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Древнетюркское письмо – rusų" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Древнетюркское письмо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Былыргы түүр бичигэ – jakutų" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Былыргы түүр бичигэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhon-alfabehta" title="Orhon-alfabehta – šiaurės samių" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Orhon-alfabehta" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="šiaurės samių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchonskrift" title="Orchonskrift – švedų" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Orchonskrift" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="อักษรออร์ค็อง – tajų" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรออร์ค็อง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eski_T%C3%BCrk_yaz%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Eski Türk yazısı – turkų" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eski Türk yazısı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Išvaizda"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Išvaizda</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslėpti</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Straipsnis iš Vikipedijos, laisvosios enciklopedijos.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lt" dir="ltr"><table class="toccolours" style="float: right; width:25%; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:left; font-size:90%; clear: right;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="yellow"><big>Senasis tiurkų raštas</big> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Irk_Bitig_omen_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Irk_Bitig_omen_11.jpg/250px-Irk_Bitig_omen_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Irk_Bitig_omen_11.jpg/375px-Irk_Bitig_omen_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Irk_Bitig_omen_11.jpg/500px-Irk_Bitig_omen_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="705" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Tipas</b></td> <td>abugida </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Naudojamas kalbose</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senov%C4%97s_tiurk%C5%B3_kalba" title="Senovės tiurkų kalba">senovės tiurkų kalba</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Rašymo kryptis</b> </td> <td>iš dešinės į kairę </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Laikotarpis</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/VIII_a." class="mw-redirect" title="VIII a.">VIII</a>–<a href="/wiki/X_a." class="mw-redirect" title="X a.">X a.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>ISO 15924</b> </td> <td valign="top">orkh </td></tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td><b>Unicode</b> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="yellow"><center>Genealogija</center> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Kilmė</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Finikie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Finikiečių raštas">finikiečių</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Aram%C4%97j%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Aramėjų raštas">aramėjų</a><br />  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sogdo_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sogdo raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Sogdo</a> arba <a href="/wiki/Kharo%C5%A1thi" title="Kharošthi">Kharošthi</a> (?)<br />   <b>senasis tiurkų raštas</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Dukterinės sistemos</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senasis_vengr%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Senasis vengrų raštas">senasis vengrų raštas</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Bilge_Khagan_monument_Mongolia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Bilge_Khagan_monument_Mongolia.JPG/200px-Bilge_Khagan_monument_Mongolia.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Bilge_Khagan_monument_Mongolia.JPG/300px-Bilge_Khagan_monument_Mongolia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Bilge_Khagan_monument_Mongolia.JPG/400px-Bilge_Khagan_monument_Mongolia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Bilge Kagano stela Orchone</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Senasis tiurkų raštas</b> arba <b>tiurkų runos, Orchono raštas, gioktiurkų raštas</b> – <a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1tas" class="mw-disambig" title="Raštas">rašto</a> sistema, naudota <a href="/wiki/Gioktiurkai" class="mw-redirect" title="Gioktiurkai">gioktiurkų</a> ir kitų ankstyvųjų tiurkų chanatų užrašyti <a href="/wiki/Senov%C4%97s_tiurk%C5%B3_kalba" title="Senovės tiurkų kalba">senajai tiurkų kalbai</a>. Naudotas <a href="/wiki/VIII_a." class="mw-redirect" title="VIII a.">VIII</a>–<a href="/wiki/X_a." class="mw-redirect" title="X a.">X a.</a> </p><p>Raštas dažnai vadinamas <a href="/wiki/Orchonas" title="Orchonas">Orchono</a> vardu, nes šiame slėnyje <a href="/wiki/Mongolija" title="Mongolija">Mongolijoje</a> atrasti pirmieji įrašai senuoju tiurkų raštu. Orchono įrašus, išraižytus akmenyje, <a href="/wiki/1889" class="mw-redirect" title="1889">1889</a> m. atrado rusų keliautojas, turkologas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolajus_Jadrincevas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolajus Jadrincevas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Nikolajus Jadrincevas</a>, o <a href="/wiki/1893" class="mw-redirect" title="1893">1893</a> m. juos iššifravo danų kalbininkas <a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_Thomsen" title="Vilhelm Thomsen">Vilhelm Thomsen</a>. Vėliau tiurkiškų įrašų rasta nemažai plačioje srityje – <a href="/wiki/Ryt%C5%B3_Turkestanas" title="Rytų Turkestanas">Rytų Turkestane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolija" title="Mongolija">Mongolijoje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tian%C5%A1anis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianšanis">Tianšanyje</a> ir kt. </p><p>Svarbiausi tiurkų rašto paminklai yra Orchono slėnyje (54, tame tarpe 735 m. pastatyta stela gioktiurkų princui Kiul Tiginui ir jo broliui, imperatoriui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilge_Kaganas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilge Kaganas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Bilge Kaganui</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jenisiejus" title="Jenisiejus">Jenisiejaus</a> baseine (106), <a href="/wiki/Talasas" class="mw-disambig" title="Talasas">Talaso</a> regione (15), <a href="/wiki/Altajaus_kalnai" title="Altajaus kalnai">Altajuje</a> (78). Taip pat daug smulkių įrašų randama ant archeologinių radinių. Svarbiausias rankraštis, užrašytas senuoju tiurkų raštu yra lemties ženklų knyga <i><a href="/wiki/Irk_Bitig" title="Irk Bitig">Irk Bitig</a></i> (IX a.). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kilmė"><span id="Kilm.C4.97"></span>Kilmė</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senasis_tiurk%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Kilmė" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senasis_tiurk%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Kilmė"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Senojo tiurkų rašto kilmė nežinoma. Iš išvaizdos ženklai primena <a href="/w/index.php?title=Got%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gotų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">gotų</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graik%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Graikų raštas">graikų</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrusk%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etruskų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">etruskų</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finikie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Finikiečių raštas">finikiečių</a> ženklus. Populiariausia teorija senąjį tiurkų raštą kildina iš <a href="/wiki/Aram%C4%97j%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Aramėjų raštas">aramėjų rašto</a>, į Vidurinę Aziją patekusio per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pehlevi_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pehlevi raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Pehlevi</a> ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sogdo_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sogdo raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Sogdo raštus</a> (naudoti Irane) arba per <a href="/wiki/Kharo%C5%A1thi" title="Kharošthi">Kharošthi</a> raštą (Pietų Azijoje). Kita teorija šį raštą kildina iš <a href="/wiki/Kin%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Kinų raštas">kinų rašto</a> ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamga (puslapis neegzistuoja)">tamgų</a> (tiurkų–mongolų naudotų simbolių). Gali būti, kad tiurkų raštas susidarė savarankiškai. Kinų šaltiniuose minima, kad <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iongnu" title="Šiongnu">Šiongnu</a> žmonės tarpusavyje bendravo raižytomis lentelėmis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ženklai"><span id=".C5.BDenklai"></span>Ženklai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senasis_tiurk%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Ženklai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senasis_tiurk%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ženklai"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Senasis tiurkų raštas rašytas iš dešinės į kairę. Sudarytas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abugida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abugida (puslapis neegzistuoja)">abugidos</a> principu – balsiai žodžio viduryje dažniausiai praleidžiami. Kadangi tiurkų kalboms būdinga balsių harmonija, o balsiai dažniausiai nežymimi, jų kietumą ir minkštumą parodo skirtingi priebalsiai. Perrašoje kietą eilę žymintys priebalsiai žymimi ¹, o minkštąją – ². Priklausomai nuo vietos ir laikotarpio ženklai gan ryškiai skiriasi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balsiai">Balsiai</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senasis_tiurk%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Balsiai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senasis_tiurk%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Balsiai"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable wide" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center">Orchono</th> <th>Jenisiejaus</th> <th>perraša </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Turkic_letter_A.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Turkic_letter_A.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Turkic_letter_A.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰀</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰁 𐰂</span></td> <td>a, ä </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_I.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Old_Turkic_letter_I.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_I.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Old_Turkic_letter_I.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_I.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Old_Turkic_letter_I.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_I.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="201" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰃</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰄 𐰅</span></td> <td>y, i (e) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_O.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Old_Turkic_letter_O.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Old_Turkic_letter_O.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Old_Turkic_letter_O.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰆</span></td> <td></td> <td>o, u </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_U.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Old_Turkic_letter_U.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_U.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Old_Turkic_letter_U.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_U.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Old_Turkic_letter_U.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_U.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰇</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰈</span></td> <td>ö, ü </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Priebalsiai">Priebalsiai</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senasis_tiurk%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Priebalsiai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senasis_tiurk%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Priebalsiai"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>harmoniai rinkiniai</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable wide" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th colspan="3">rodo galinį (kietąjį) balsį</th> <th colspan="3">rodo priekinį (minkštąjį) balsį </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="center">Orchono</th> <th>Jenisiejaus</th> <th>perraša </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_B1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Old_Turkic_letter_B1.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_B1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Old_Turkic_letter_B1.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_B1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Old_Turkic_letter_B1.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_B1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="201" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰉</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰊</span></td> <td>b¹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_B2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Old_Turkic_letter_B2.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_B2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Old_Turkic_letter_B2.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_B2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Old_Turkic_letter_B2.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_B2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="201" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰋</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰌</span></td> <td>b² </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_D1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Old_Turkic_letter_D1.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_D1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Old_Turkic_letter_D1.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_D1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Old_Turkic_letter_D1.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_D1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="201" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰑</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰒</span></td> <td>d¹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_D2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Old_Turkic_letter_D2.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_D2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Old_Turkic_letter_D2.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_D2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Old_Turkic_letter_D2.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_D2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="201" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰓</span></td> <td></td> <td>d² </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_G1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Old_Turkic_letter_G1.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_G1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Old_Turkic_letter_G1.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_G1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Old_Turkic_letter_G1.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_G1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="201" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰍</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰎</span></td> <td>γ (g¹)</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_G2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Old_Turkic_letter_G2.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_G2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Old_Turkic_letter_G2.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_G2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Old_Turkic_letter_G2.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_G2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="201" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰏</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰐</span></td> <td>g (g²) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_Q.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Old_Turkic_letter_Q.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_Q.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Old_Turkic_letter_Q.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_Q.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Old_Turkic_letter_Q.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_Q.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰴</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰵</span></td> <td>q (k¹)</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_K.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Old_Turkic_letter_K.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_K.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Old_Turkic_letter_K.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_K.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Old_Turkic_letter_K.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_K.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰚</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰛</span></td> <td>k (k²) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_OQ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Old_Turkic_letter_OQ.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_OQ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Old_Turkic_letter_OQ.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_OQ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Old_Turkic_letter_OQ.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_OQ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰸</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰹</span></td> <td>oq, uq, qo, qu</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_UK.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Old_Turkic_letter_UK.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_UK.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Old_Turkic_letter_UK.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_UK.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Old_Turkic_letter_UK.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_UK.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰜</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰝</span></td> <td>ök, ük, kö, kü, </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_T1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Old_Turkic_letter_T1.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_T1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Old_Turkic_letter_T1.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_T1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Old_Turkic_letter_T1.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_T1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐱃</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐱄</span></td> <td>t¹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_T2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Old_Turkic_letter_T2.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_T2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Old_Turkic_letter_T2.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_T2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Old_Turkic_letter_T2.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_T2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐱅</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐱆</span></td> <td>t² </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_L1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Old_Turkic_letter_L1.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_L1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Old_Turkic_letter_L1.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_L1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Old_Turkic_letter_L1.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_L1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰞</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰟</span></td> <td>ł (l¹)</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_L2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Old_Turkic_letter_L2.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_L2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Old_Turkic_letter_L2.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_L2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Old_Turkic_letter_L2.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_L2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰠</span></td> <td></td> <td>l (l²) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_N1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Old_Turkic_letter_N1.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_N1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Old_Turkic_letter_N1.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_N1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Old_Turkic_letter_N1.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_N1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰣</span></td> <td></td> <td>n¹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_N2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Old_Turkic_letter_N2.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_N2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Old_Turkic_letter_N2.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_N2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Old_Turkic_letter_N2.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_N2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰤</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰥</span></td> <td>n² </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_R1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Old_Turkic_letter_R1.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_R1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Old_Turkic_letter_R1.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_R1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Old_Turkic_letter_R1.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_R1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰺</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰻</span></td> <td>r¹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_R2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Old_Turkic_letter_R2.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_R2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Old_Turkic_letter_R2.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_R2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Old_Turkic_letter_R2.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_R2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰼</span></td> <td></td> <td>r² </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_S1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Old_Turkic_letter_S1.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_S1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Old_Turkic_letter_S1.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_S1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Old_Turkic_letter_S1.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_S1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰽</span></td> <td></td> <td>s¹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_S2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Old_Turkic_letter_S2.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_S2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Old_Turkic_letter_S2.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_S2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Old_Turkic_letter_S2.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_S2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰾</span></td> <td></td> <td>s² </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_Y1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Old_Turkic_letter_Y1.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_Y1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Old_Turkic_letter_Y1.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_Y1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Old_Turkic_letter_Y1.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_Y1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰖</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰗</span></td> <td>j¹</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_Y2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Old_Turkic_letter_Y2.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_Y2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Old_Turkic_letter_Y2.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_Y2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Old_Turkic_letter_Y2.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_Y2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰘</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰙</span></td> <td>j² </td></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dt>kiti priebalsiai</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable wide" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th align="center">Orchono</th> <th>Jenisiejaus</th> <th>perraša </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_IQ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Old_Turkic_letter_IQ.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_IQ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Old_Turkic_letter_IQ.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_IQ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Old_Turkic_letter_IQ.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_IQ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰶</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰷</span></td> <td>yq, qy </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_CH.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Old_Turkic_letter_CH.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_CH.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Old_Turkic_letter_CH.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_CH.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Old_Turkic_letter_CH.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_CH.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="201" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰲</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰳</span></td> <td>č </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_ICH.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Old_Turkic_letter_ICH.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_ICH.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Old_Turkic_letter_ICH.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_ICH.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Old_Turkic_letter_ICH.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_ICH.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰱</span></td> <td></td> <td>ič, či </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_P.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Old_Turkic_letter_P.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_P.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Old_Turkic_letter_P.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_P.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Old_Turkic_letter_P.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_P.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰯</span></td> <td></td> <td>p </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_M.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Old_Turkic_letter_M.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_M.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Old_Turkic_letter_M.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_M.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Old_Turkic_letter_M.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_M.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰢</span></td> <td></td> <td>m </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_NG.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Old_Turkic_letter_NG.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_NG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Old_Turkic_letter_NG.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_NG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Old_Turkic_letter_NG.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_NG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰭</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰮</span> <span class="Unicode">𐰬</span></td> <td>ṅ (ng, ŋ) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_SH.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Old_Turkic_letter_SH.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_SH.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Old_Turkic_letter_SH.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_SH.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Old_Turkic_letter_SH.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_SH.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐱁</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐱂</span></td> <td>š </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_Z.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Old_Turkic_letter_Z.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_Z.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Old_Turkic_letter_Z.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_Z.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Old_Turkic_letter_Z.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_Z.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰔</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰕</span></td> <td>z </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_NCH.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Old_Turkic_letter_NCH.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_NCH.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Old_Turkic_letter_NCH.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_NCH.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Old_Turkic_letter_NCH.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_NCH.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰨</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰩</span></td> <td>nč </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_NY.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Old_Turkic_letter_NY.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_NY.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Old_Turkic_letter_NY.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_NY.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Old_Turkic_letter_NY.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_NY.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰪</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰫</span></td> <td>ń, nj </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_NT.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Old_Turkic_letter_NT.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_NT.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Old_Turkic_letter_NT.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_NT.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Old_Turkic_letter_NT.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_NT.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰦</span></td> <td><span class="Unicode">𐰧</span></td> <td>nd </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_LT.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Old_Turkic_letter_LT.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_LT.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Old_Turkic_letter_LT.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_LT.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Old_Turkic_letter_LT.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_LT.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <span class="Unicode">𐰡</span></td> <td></td> <td>ld </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span class="Unicode">𐱇</span></td> <td></td> <td>ot, ut </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span class="Unicode">𐱈</span></td> <td></td> <td>baš </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Kartais naudojamas dvitaškio ženklas <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaizdas:Old_Turkic_letter_SEP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Old_Turkic_letter_SEP.svg/20px-Old_Turkic_letter_SEP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Old_Turkic_letter_SEP.svg/30px-Old_Turkic_letter_SEP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Old_Turkic_letter_SEP.svg/40px-Old_Turkic_letter_SEP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> žodžiams atskirti. </p><p>Žodis <big>𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃</big> bus transkribuojamas kaip <i><b>t²ṅr²i</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Tengri" title="Tengri">Tengri</a>), žodis <big>𐰴𐰺𐰀</big> – kaip <i><b>k¹r¹a</b></i> (<i>kara</i> – „juodas“). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografija">Bibliografija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senasis_tiurk%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Bibliografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senasis_tiurk%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografija"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Diringer, David. <i>The Alphabet: a Key to the History of Mankind</i>, New York: Philosophical Library, 1948, pp. 313–315</li> <li>Erdal, Marcel. 2004. <i>A grammar of Old Turkic</i>. Leiden & Boston: Brill.</li> <li>Faulmann, Carl. 1990 (1880). <i>Das Buch der Schrift. Frankfurt am Main: Eichborn. <a href="/wiki/Specialus:Knyg%C5%B3_%C5%A1altiniai/3821817208" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-8218-1720-8</a></i></li> <li>Février, James G. <i>Histoire de l’écriture</i>, Paris: Payot, 1948, pp. 311–317</li> <li>Ishjatms, N. „Nomads In Eastern Central Asia“, in the „History of civilizations of Central Asia“, Volume 2, UNESCO Publishing, 1996, <a href="/wiki/Specialus:Knyg%C5%B3_%C5%A1altiniai/9231028464" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 92-3-102846-4</a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7182515">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFJensen,_Hans1970" class="citation book cs1">Jensen, Hans (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/signsymbolscript0000jens"><i>Sign Symbol and Script</i></a>. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialus:Knyg%C5%B3_%C5%A1altiniai/0-04-400021-9" title="Specialus:Knygų šaltiniai/0-04-400021-9"><bdi>0-04-400021-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sign+Symbol+and+Script&rft.place=London&rft.pub=George+Allen+and+Unwin+Ltd&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-04-400021-9&rft.au=Jensen%2C+Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsignsymbolscript0000jens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3ASenasis+tiurk%C5%B3+ra%C5%A1tas" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Kara, György. 1996. “Aramaic scripts for Altaic languages”, in Peter T. Daniels and William Bright, eds. <i>The world’s writing systems</i>. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialus:Knyg%C5%B3_%C5%A1altiniai/0195079930" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-507993-0</a></li> <li>Kyzlasov, I.L. „Runic Scripts of Eurasian Steppes“, Moscow, Eastern Literature, 1994, <a href="/wiki/Specialus:Knyg%C5%B3_%C5%A1altiniai/5020177415" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-02-017741-5</a></li> <li>Malov, S.E. 1951, <i>Pamjatniki Drevnitjurkskoj Pisʹmennosti</i> (Памятники Древнитюркской Письменности), Moskva & Leningrad.</li> <li>Muxamadiev, Azgar. (1995). Turanian Writing (Туранская Письменность). In Zakiev, M. Z.(Ed.), Problemy lingvoėtnoistorii tatarskogo naroda (Проблемы лингвоэтноистории татарского народа). Kazan: Akademija Nauk Tatarstana.</li> <li>Róna-Tas, A. 1991. <i>An introduction to Turkology</i>. Szeged.</li> <li>Scharlipp, Wolfgang Ekkehard. 2000. <i>Eski Türk run yazıtlarına giris ̧: ders kitabı</i> = <i>An introduction to the Old Turkish Runic inscriptions: A textbook in English and Turkish</i>. Engelschoff: Auf dem Ruffel. <a href="/wiki/Specialus:Knyg%C5%B3_%C5%A1altiniai/393384700X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-933847-00-X</a></li> <li>Tekin, Talat. <i>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic. Indiana University Uralic and Altaic Series</i>, vol. 69 (Bloomington/The Hague: Mouton, 1968)</li> <li>Thomsen, Vilhelm. <i>Inscriptions de l’Orkhon déchiffrées</i>, <i>Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, Helsinki Toimituksia, no. 5</i> Helsingfors: La société de literature Finnoise <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/inscriptionsdel00thomgoog#page/n4/mode/2up">[1]</a></li> <li>Vasilʹiev, D.D. <i>Korpus tjurkskix runičeskix pamjatnikov Bassina Eniseja</i> [<i>Corpus of the Turkic Runic Monuments of the Yenisei Basin</i>], Leningrad: USSR Academy of Science, 1983</li> <li>von Gabain, A. 1941. <i>Alttürkische Grammatik mit Bibliographie, Lesestücken und Wörterverzeichnis, auch Neutürkisch</i>. Mit vier Schrifttafeln und sieben Schriftproben. (Porta Linguarum Orientalium; 23) Leipzig: Otto Harrassowitz.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuorodos">Nuorodos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senasis_tiurk%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Nuorodos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senasis_tiurk%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Nuorodos"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irq.kaznpu.kz/?lang=e&mod=1">Senųjų tiurkų tekstai, vertimai</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fontspace.com/category/old%20turkic">Tiurkų ženklų atvaizdavimas (<i>fonts</i>) kompiuteriui</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:LightGrey;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left;width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; 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line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Egiptie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_hieroglifai" title="Egiptiečių hieroglifai">Hieroglifai</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieratinis_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hieratinis raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Hieratinis</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demotinis_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demotinis raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Demotinis</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1it%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kušitų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Kušitų</a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:LightGrey;;">Finikiečių šeima</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:transparent;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Rytų</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinajaus_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinajaus raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Sinajaus</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Finikie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Finikiečių raštas">Finikiečių</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Tifinagas" title="Tifinagas">Tifinagas</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iber%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iberų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Iberų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Senasis_hebraj%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Senasis hebrajų raštas">Senasis hebrajų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samarie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samariečių raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Samariečių</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Aram%C4%97j%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Aramėjų raštas">Aramėjų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Sirų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrangelas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estrangelas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Estrangelas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Hebraj%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Hebrajų raštas">Hebrajų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manich%C4%97j%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manichėjų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Manichėjų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mand%C4%97j%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandėjų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Mandėjų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmyros_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmyros raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Palmyros</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Nabat%C4%97j%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Nabatėjų raštas">Nabatėjų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Arab%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Arabų raštas">Arabų</a></b></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:transparent;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Pehleviškieji</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pehlevi_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pehlevi raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Pehlevi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avestos_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avestos raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Avestos</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kharo%C5%A1thi" title="Kharošthi">Kharošthi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sogd%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sogdų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Sogdų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uig%C5%ABr%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uigūrų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Uigūrų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tiurkų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Vengr%C5%B3_runos" class="mw-redirect" title="Vengrų runos">Vengrų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Mongol%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Mongolų raštas">Mongolų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Todo_bi%C4%8Dig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Todo bičig (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Todo bičig</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galiko_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galiko raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Galikas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mand%C5%BEi%C5%ABr%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandžiūrų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Mandžiūrų</a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:transparent;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Vakarų</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Graik%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Graikų raštas">Graikų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Kopt%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Koptų raštas">Koptų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Arm%C4%97n%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Armėnų raštas">Armėnų</a></b>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Gruzin%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Gruzinų raštas">Gruzinų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaukazo_alban%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaukazo albanų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Albanų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Glagolica" title="Glagolica">Glagolica</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Kirilica" title="Kirilica">Kirilica</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Senasis_permi%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Senasis permių raštas">Aburas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrusk%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etruskų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Etruskų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Lotyn%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotynų raštas">Lotynų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Got%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gotų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Gotų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Runos" title="Runos">Runos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Runos_Lietuvoje" title="Runos Lietuvoje">Runos Lietuvoje</a>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:transparent;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Pietų</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piet%C5%B3_arab%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietų arabų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Pietų arabų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Gezo_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Gezo raštas">Gezo (etiopų)</a></b></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:LightGrey;;"><a href="/wiki/Brahminiai_ra%C5%A1tai" title="Brahminiai raštai">Brahmi šeima</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:transparent;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Šiaurės</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_ra%C5%A1tas" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi raštas">Brahmi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gupt%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guptų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Guptų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siddamatrika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siddamatrika (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Siddamatrika</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tochar%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tocharų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Tocharų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Devanagari raštas">Devanagari</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Bengal%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Bengalų raštas">Bengalų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahad%C5%BEani_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahadžani raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Mahadžani</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landa_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landa raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Landa</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogr%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dogrų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Dogrų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Gud%C5%BEarat%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Gudžaratų raštas">Gudžaratų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Orij%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Orijų raštas">Orijų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bihar%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biharų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Biharų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maithli_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maithli raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Maithli</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka%C5%A1myr%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kašmyrų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Kašmyrų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Tibetie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Tibetiečių raštas">Tibetiečių</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lep%C4%8Da_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lepča raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Lepča</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Phagspos_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Phagspos raštas">Phagspa</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sojombo_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sojombo raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Sojombo</a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:transparent;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Pietų</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadamb%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadambų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Kadambų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Calukj%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čalukjų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Čalukjų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Kanad%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Kanadų raštas">Kanadų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Telug%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Telugų raštas">Telugų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatelutu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vatelutu (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Vatelutu</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Granta" class="mw-redirect" title="Granta">Granta</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Tamil%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Tamilų raštas">Tamilų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Sinhal%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Sinhalų raštas">Sinhalų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Malajali%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Malajalių raštas">Malajalių</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Maldyv%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" class="mw-redirect" title="Maldyvų raštas">Maldyvų</a></b></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:transparent;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Pietryčių Azijos</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pju_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pju raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Pju</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Ciam%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čiamų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Čiamų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mon%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Monų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tai_tham_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tai tham raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Lan Na</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tai_lu_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tai lu raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Tai lu</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mianm%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mianmų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Mianmų</a></b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tai_nua_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tai nua raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Tai nua</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Khmer%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Khmerų raštas">Khmerų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Taj%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Tajų raštas">Tajų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Lao_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Lao raštas">Lao</a></b></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:transparent;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Nusantaros</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kavi_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Kavi raštas">Kavi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sund%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sundų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Sundų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Javie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Javiečių raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Javiečių</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balio_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balio raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Balio</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rencong%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rencongų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Rencongų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Red%C5%BEang%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redžangų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Redžangų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batak%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batakų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Batakų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lampong%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lampongų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Lampongų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Lontara" title="Lontara">Lontara</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buhid%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buhidų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Buhidų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baibainas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baibainas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Baibainas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanuno (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Hanuno</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagbanva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tagbanva (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Tagbanva</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:LightGrey;;">Kinų šeima</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Kin%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Kinų raštas">Kinų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vietnamiečių raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Vietnamiečių</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hantu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hantu (puslapis neegzistuoja)">hantu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cunomas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čunomas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">čunomas</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kor%C4%97jie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korėjiečių raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Korėjiečių</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Hand%C5%BEia" class="mw-redirect" title="Handžia">handžia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">hangul</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Japon%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Japonų raštas">Japonų</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Kand%C5%BEi" title="Kandži">kandži</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%BEurd%C5%BE%C4%97n%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Džurdžėnų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Džurdžėnų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kidani%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kidanių raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Kidanių</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangut%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangutų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Tangutų</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%BEuang%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Džuangų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Džuangų</a>  <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0uj%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šujų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Šujų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yi_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yi raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Yi</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nu%C5%A1u_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nušu raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Nušu</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miao_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miao raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Miao</a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:LightGrey;;"><a href="/wiki/Afrikos_ra%C5%A1to_sistemos" title="Afrikos rašto sistemos">Afrikos</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:transparent;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Senosios</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adinkra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adinkra (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Adinkra</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nlo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nlo (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Nlo</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aroko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aroko (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Aroko</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edo raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Edo raštas</a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:transparent;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Vėlyvosios</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaj%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vajų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Vajų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamum%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bamumų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Bamumų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamileki%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bamilekių raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Bamilekių</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basa_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basa raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Basa</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmanija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osmanija (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Osmanija</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mende_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mende raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Mende</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loma_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loma raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Loma</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kpele_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kpele raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Kpele</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gola_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gola raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Gola</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masaba_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masaba raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Masaba</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberi-okaime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oberi-okaime (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Oberi-okaime</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borama_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borama raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Borama</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nko (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Nko</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadare_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadare raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Kadare</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bete_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bete raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Bete</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fulbi%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fulbių raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Fulbių</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volof%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volofų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Volofų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandomb%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandombė (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Mandombė</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:LightGrey;;">Naujojo pasaulio</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mezoamerikos_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Mezoamerikos raštas">Mezoamerikos</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Olmek%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Olmekų raštas">Olmekų</a></i> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Maj%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Majų raštas">Majų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Actek%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Actekų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Actekų</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sapotek%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sapotekų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Sapotekų</a>) <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kipu" title="Kipu">Kipu</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rongorongo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rongorongo (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Rongorongo</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ceroki%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Čerokių raštas">Čerokių</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kri_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kri raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Kri</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b><a href="/wiki/Inuit%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Inuitų raštas">Inuitų</a></b> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voleaj%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voleajų raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Voleajų</a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:LightGrey;;">Kiti</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogaminis_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogaminis raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Ogaminis</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ol_%C4%8Diki_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Ol čiki raštas">Ol čiki</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosuo_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mosuo raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Mosuo</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasi%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasių raštas (puslapis neegzistuoja)">Nasių</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ciuk%C4%8Di%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Čiukčių raštas">Čiukčių</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_logogramos" title="Kaidā logogramos">Kaidā</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Deseretas" title="Deseretas">Deseretas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Akl%C5%B3j%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Aklųjų raštas">Aklųjų</a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:LightGrey;;"><a href="/wiki/Skaitmuo" title="Skaitmuo">Skaitmenys</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; 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