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} .loading { visibility: hidden; } .detail-page .post-footer .cmt_iframe_holder { padding-top: 40px !important; } /** Desktop **/ @media (max-width: 900px) { .col-right { display: none; } .col-main { margin-right: 0; min-width: initial; } .footer-outer { display: none; } .cols-wrapper { min-width: initial; } .google-footer-outer { background-color: #f5f5f5; } } /** Tablet **/ @media (max-width: 712px) { .header-outer, .cols-wrapper, .footer-outer, .google-footer-outer { padding: 0 40px; } } /* An extra breakpoint accommodating for long blog titles. */ @media (max-width: 600px) { .header-left { height: 100%; top: inherit; margin-top: 0; -webkit-transform: initial; transform: initial; } .header-title { margin-top: 18px; } .header-inner .google-logo { height: 40px; margin-top: 3px; } .header-inner .google-logo img { height: 42px; } .header-title h2 { font-size: 32px; line-height: 40px; } .header-desc { bottom: 24px; position: absolute; } } /** Mobile/small desktop window; also landscape. **/ @media (max-width: 480px), (max-height: 480px) { .header-outer, .cols-wrapper, .footer-outer, .google-footer-outer { padding: 0 16px; 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ga('create', 'UA-18009-4', 'auto', 'blogger'); ga('blogger.send', 'pageview'); </script> <link href='https://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=32069983&zx=3f8a6738-5406-40b0-8cd8-0b94d8cd2f84' media='none' onload='if(media!='all')media='all'' rel='stylesheet'/><noscript><link href='https://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=32069983&zx=3f8a6738-5406-40b0-8cd8-0b94d8cd2f84' rel='stylesheet'/></noscript> <meta name='google-adsense-platform-account' content='ca-host-pub-1556223355139109'/> <meta name='google-adsense-platform-domain' content='blogspot.com'/> </head> <body> <script type='text/javascript'> //<![CDATA[ var axel = Math.random() + ""; var a = axel * 10000000000000; document.write('<iframe src="https://2542116.fls.doubleclick.net/activityi;src=2542116;type=gblog;cat=googl0;ord=ord=' + a + '?" width="1" height="1" frameborder="0" style="display:none"></iframe>'); //]]> </script> <noscript> <img alt='' height='1' src='https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/activity/src=2542116;type=gblog;cat=googl0;ord=1?' width='1'/> </noscript>  <div class='header-outer'> <div class='header-inner'> <div class='section' id='header'><div class='widget Header' data-version='1' id='Header1'> <div class='header-left'> <div class='header-title'> <a class='google-logo' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/'> <img height='50' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png'/> </a> <a href='/'> <h2> Webmaster Central Blog </h2> </a> </div> <div class='header-desc'> Official news on crawling and indexing sites for the Google index </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div>  <div class='cols-wrapper loading'> <div class='col-main-wrapper'> <div class='col-main'> <div class='section' id='main'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='post' data-id='7755858943001194763' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/10/tracking-mobile-usability-in-webmaster.html' itemprop='url' title='Tracking mobile usability in Webmaster Tools'> Tracking mobile usability in Webmaster Tools </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Wednesday, October 29, 2014 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <p>Webmaster Level: intermediate</p> <p>Mobile is growing at a fantastic pace - in usage, not just in screen size. To keep you informed of issues mobile users might be seeing across your website, we've added the <a href="https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/mobile-usability">Mobile Usability feature</a> to <a href="https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/">Webmaster Tools</a>. </p> <p>The new feature shows mobile usability issues we’ve identified across your website, complete with graphs over time so that you see the progress that you've made. </p> <p>A mobile-friendly site is one that you can easily read & use on a smartphone, by only having to scroll up or down. Swiping left/right to search for content, zooming to read text and use UI elements, or not being able to see the content at all make a site harder to use for users on mobile phones. To help, the Mobile Usability reports show the following issues: Flash content, <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/layouts/rwd-fundamentals/set-the-viewport">missing viewport</a> (a critical meta-tag for mobile pages), <a href="https://developers.google.com/speed/docs/insights/UseLegibleFontSizes">tiny fonts</a>, fixed-width viewports, <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/layouts/rwd-fundamentals/size-content-to-the-viewport">content not sized to viewport</a>, and <a href="https://developers.google.com/speed/docs/insights/SizeTapTargetsAppropriately">clickable links/buttons too close</a> to each other. </p> <p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLkASsWoItbFPm3JTkpCC1TVO4lPh61dKxcyBxNzEUzFoptCEUtC4btHuc37Ol1OY-tbVzEmuzHfP4Ke4pq2Ba56az4nj38uz_VW4sO-v6VTJX_U8BsgbLsissWOrWe1UM9S_G/s1600/mobileusa.png" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLkASsWoItbFPm3JTkpCC1TVO4lPh61dKxcyBxNzEUzFoptCEUtC4btHuc37Ol1OY-tbVzEmuzHfP4Ke4pq2Ba56az4nj38uz_VW4sO-v6VTJX_U8BsgbLsissWOrWe1UM9S_G/s640/mobileusa.png" /></a> </p> <p>We strongly recommend you take a look at these issues in Webmaster Tools, and think about how they might be resolved; sometimes it's just a matter of tweaking your site's template! More information on how to make a great mobile-friendly website can be found in our <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/">Web Fundamentals</a> website (with more information to come soon).</p> <p>If you have any questions, feel free to join us in our <a href="https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!forum/webmasters">webmaster help forums</a> (on your phone too)!</p> <span class="byline-author">Posted by <a href="https://google.me/+JohnMueller?rel=author">John Mueller</a>, Webmaster Trends Analyst, Zurich</span> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> <p>Webmaster Level: intermediate</p> <p>Mobile is growing at a fantastic pace - in usage, not just in screen size. To keep you informed of issues mobile users might be seeing across your website, we've added the <a href="https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/mobile-usability">Mobile Usability feature</a> to <a href="https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/">Webmaster Tools</a>. </p> <p>The new feature shows mobile usability issues we’ve identified across your website, complete with graphs over time so that you see the progress that you've made. </p> <p>A mobile-friendly site is one that you can easily read & use on a smartphone, by only having to scroll up or down. Swiping left/right to search for content, zooming to read text and use UI elements, or not being able to see the content at all make a site harder to use for users on mobile phones. To help, the Mobile Usability reports show the following issues: Flash content, <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/layouts/rwd-fundamentals/set-the-viewport">missing viewport</a> (a critical meta-tag for mobile pages), <a href="https://developers.google.com/speed/docs/insights/UseLegibleFontSizes">tiny fonts</a>, fixed-width viewports, <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/layouts/rwd-fundamentals/size-content-to-the-viewport">content not sized to viewport</a>, and <a href="https://developers.google.com/speed/docs/insights/SizeTapTargetsAppropriately">clickable links/buttons too close</a> to each other. </p> <p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLkASsWoItbFPm3JTkpCC1TVO4lPh61dKxcyBxNzEUzFoptCEUtC4btHuc37Ol1OY-tbVzEmuzHfP4Ke4pq2Ba56az4nj38uz_VW4sO-v6VTJX_U8BsgbLsissWOrWe1UM9S_G/s1600/mobileusa.png" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLkASsWoItbFPm3JTkpCC1TVO4lPh61dKxcyBxNzEUzFoptCEUtC4btHuc37Ol1OY-tbVzEmuzHfP4Ke4pq2Ba56az4nj38uz_VW4sO-v6VTJX_U8BsgbLsissWOrWe1UM9S_G/s640/mobileusa.png" /></a> </p> <p>We strongly recommend you take a look at these issues in Webmaster Tools, and think about how they might be resolved; sometimes it's just a matter of tweaking your site's template! More information on how to make a great mobile-friendly website can be found in our <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/">Web Fundamentals</a> website (with more information to come soon).</p> <p>If you have any questions, feel free to join us in our <a href="https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!forum/webmasters">webmaster help forums</a> (on your phone too)!</p> <span class="byline-author">Posted by <a href="https://google.me/+JohnMueller?rel=author">John Mueller</a>, Webmaster Trends Analyst, Zurich</span> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Official Google Webmaster Central Blog:Tracking mobile usability in Webmaster Tools&url=https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/10/tracking-mobile-usability-in-webmaster.html&via=googlewmc'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' data-href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/10/tracking-mobile-usability-in-webmaster.html'> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/10/tracking-mobile-usability-in-webmaster.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> <span class='labels-caption'> Labels: </span> <span class='labels'> <a class='label' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/search/label/advanced' rel='tag'> advanced </a> , <a class='label' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/search/label/intermediate' rel='tag'> intermediate </a> , <a class='label' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/search/label/mobile' rel='tag'> mobile </a> , <a class='label' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/search/label/webmaster%20tools' rel='tag'> webmaster tools </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='753508446834371132' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/10/updating-our-technical-webmaster.html' itemprop='url' title='Updating our technical Webmaster Guidelines'> Updating our technical Webmaster Guidelines </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Monday, October 27, 2014 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <p>Webmaster level: All</p> <p>We recently announced that our indexing system has been <a href="http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2014/05/understanding-web-pages-better.html">rendering web pages</a> more like a typical modern browser, with CSS and JavaScript turned on. Today, we're updating one of our <a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/35769?hl=en">technical Webmaster Guidelines</a> in light of this announcement.</p> <p>For optimal rendering and indexing, our new guideline specifies that you should allow Googlebot access to the JavaScript, CSS, and image files that your pages use. This provides you optimal rendering and indexing for your site. <strong>Disallowing crawling of Javascript or CSS files in your site’s robots.txt directly harms how well our algorithms render and index your content and can result in suboptimal rankings.</strong></p> <h3>Updated advice for optimal indexing</h3> <p>Historically, Google indexing systems resembled old text-only browsers, such as Lynx, and that’s what our Webmaster Guidelines said. Now, with indexing based on page rendering, it's no longer accurate to see our indexing systems as a text-only browser. Instead, a more accurate approximation is a modern web browser. With that new perspective, keep the following in mind:</p> <ul> <li>Just like modern browsers, our rendering engine might not support all of the technologies a page uses. Make sure your web design adheres to the principles of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_enhancement">progressive enhancement</a> as this helps our systems (and a wider range of browsers) see usable content and basic functionality when certain web design features are not yet supported. </li> <li>Pages that render quickly not only help users get to your content easier, but make indexing of those pages more efficient too. We advise you follow the best practices for <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/">page performance optimization</a>, specifically: <ul> <li><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/optimizing-content-efficiency/eliminate-downloads">Eliminate unnecessary downloads</a></li> <li><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/optimizing-content-efficiency/optimize-encoding-and-transfer">Optimize the serving of your CSS and JavaScript files</a> by concatenating (merging) your separate CSS and JavaScript files, minifying the concatenated files, and configuring your web server to serve them compressed (usually gzip compression)</li> </ul></li> <li>Make sure your server can handle the additional load for serving of JavaScript and CSS files to Googlebot.</li> </ul> <h3>Testing and troubleshooting</h3> <p>In conjunction with the launch of our rendering-based indexing, we also updated the <a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/158587">Fetch and Render as Google</a> feature in Webmaster Tools so webmasters could see how our systems render the page. With it, you'll be able to identify a number of indexing issues: improper robots.txt restrictions, redirects that Googlebot cannot follow, and more.</p> <p>And, as always, if you have any comments or questions, please ask in our <a href="https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!categories/webmasters/">Webmaster Help forum</a>.</p> <span class="byline-author">Posted by <a href="//google.com/+PierreFar?rel=superauthor">Pierre Far</a>, Webmaster Trends Analyst</span></div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <p>Webmaster level: All</p> <p>We recently announced that our indexing system has been <a href="http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2014/05/understanding-web-pages-better.html">rendering web pages</a> more like a typical modern browser, with CSS and JavaScript turned on. Today, we're updating one of our <a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/35769?hl=en">technical Webmaster Guidelines</a> in light of this announcement.</p> <p>For optimal rendering and indexing, our new guideline specifies that you should allow Googlebot access to the JavaScript, CSS, and image files that your pages use. This provides you optimal rendering and indexing for your site. <strong>Disallowing crawling of Javascript or CSS files in your site’s robots.txt directly harms how well our algorithms render and index your content and can result in suboptimal rankings.</strong></p> <h3>Updated advice for optimal indexing</h3> <p>Historically, Google indexing systems resembled old text-only browsers, such as Lynx, and that’s what our Webmaster Guidelines said. Now, with indexing based on page rendering, it's no longer accurate to see our indexing systems as a text-only browser. Instead, a more accurate approximation is a modern web browser. With that new perspective, keep the following in mind:</p> <ul> <li>Just like modern browsers, our rendering engine might not support all of the technologies a page uses. Make sure your web design adheres to the principles of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_enhancement">progressive enhancement</a> as this helps our systems (and a wider range of browsers) see usable content and basic functionality when certain web design features are not yet supported. </li> <li>Pages that render quickly not only help users get to your content easier, but make indexing of those pages more efficient too. We advise you follow the best practices for <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/">page performance optimization</a>, specifically: <ul> <li><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/optimizing-content-efficiency/eliminate-downloads">Eliminate unnecessary downloads</a></li> <li><a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/optimizing-content-efficiency/optimize-encoding-and-transfer">Optimize the serving of your CSS and JavaScript files</a> by concatenating (merging) your separate CSS and JavaScript files, minifying the concatenated files, and configuring your web server to serve them compressed (usually gzip compression)</li> </ul></li> <li>Make sure your server can handle the additional load for serving of JavaScript and CSS files to Googlebot.</li> </ul> <h3>Testing and troubleshooting</h3> <p>In conjunction with the launch of our rendering-based indexing, we also updated the <a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/158587">Fetch and Render as Google</a> feature in Webmaster Tools so webmasters could see how our systems render the page. With it, you'll be able to identify a number of indexing issues: improper robots.txt restrictions, redirects that Googlebot cannot follow, and more.</p> <p>And, as always, if you have any comments or questions, please ask in our <a href="https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!categories/webmasters/">Webmaster Help forum</a>.</p> <span class="byline-author">Posted by <a href="//google.com/+PierreFar?rel=superauthor">Pierre Far</a>, Webmaster Trends Analyst</span></div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Official Google Webmaster Central Blog:Updating our technical Webmaster Guidelines&url=https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/10/updating-our-technical-webmaster.html&via=googlewmc'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' data-href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/10/updating-our-technical-webmaster.html'> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/10/updating-our-technical-webmaster.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> <span class='labels-caption'> Labels: </span> <span class='labels'> <a class='label' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/search/label/crawling%20and%20indexing' rel='tag'> crawling and indexing </a> , <a class='label' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/search/label/webmaster%20guidelines' rel='tag'> webmaster guidelines </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='1602604405175822426' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/10/best-practices-for-xml-sitemaps-rssatom.html' itemprop='url' title='Best practices for XML sitemaps & RSS/Atom feeds'> Best practices for XML sitemaps & RSS/Atom feeds </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Thursday, October 16, 2014 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <p>Webmaster level: intermediate-advanced</p><p><a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/183669?hl=en">Submitting sitemaps</a> can be an important part of optimizing websites. Sitemaps enable search engines to discover all pages on a site and to download them quickly when they change. This blog post explains which fields in sitemaps are important, when to use XML sitemaps and RSS/Atom feeds, and how to optimize them for Google.</p><h3>Sitemaps and feeds</h3><p>Sitemaps can be in <a href="http://www.sitemaps.org">XML sitemap</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS">RSS</a>, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_(standard)">Atom</a> formats. The important difference between these formats is that XML sitemaps describe the whole set of URLs within a site, while RSS/Atom feeds describe recent changes. This has important implications:</p><ul><li>XML sitemaps are usually large; RSS/Atom feeds are small, containing only the most recent updates to your site.</li> <li>XML sitemaps are downloaded less frequently than RSS/Atom feeds.</li> </ul><p>For optimal crawling, we recommend using both XML sitemaps and RSS/Atom feeds. XML sitemaps will give Google information about all of the pages on your site. RSS/Atom feeds will provide all updates on your site, helping Google to keep your content fresher in its index. Note that submitting sitemaps or feeds does not guarantee the indexing of those URLs.</p><p>Example of an XML sitemap:</p><code> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <br /> <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9"> <br />  <url> <br />    <loc>http://example.com/mypage</loc> <br />    <lastmod>2011-06-27T19:34:00+01:00</lastmod> <br />     <br />  </url> <br />  <url> <br />    ... <br />  </url> <br /> </urlset> </code> <p>Example of an RSS feed:</p><code> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <br /> <rss> <br />  <channel> <br />     <br />    <item> <br />       <br />      <link>http://example.com/mypage</link> <br />      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jun 2011 19:34:00 +0100</pubDate> <br />    </item> <br />    <item> <br />      ... <br />    </item> <br />  </channel> <br /> </rss> </code> <p>Example of an Atom feed:</p><code> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <br /> <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"> <br />   <br />  <entry> <br />    <link href="http://example.com/mypage" /> <br />    <updated>2011-06-27T19:34:00+01:00</updated> <br />     <br />  </entry> <br />  <entry> <br />    ... <br />  </entry> <br /> </feed> </code> <p>“other tags” refer to both optional and required tags by their respective standards. We recommend that you specify the required tags for Atom/RSS as they will help you to appear on other properties that might use these feeds, in addition to Google Search.</p><h3>Best practices</h3><h4>Important fields</h4><p>XML sitemaps and RSS/Atom feeds, in their core, are lists of URLs with metadata attached to them. The two most important pieces of information for Google are the URL itself and its last modification time: </p><h5>URLs</h5><p>URLs in XML sitemaps and RSS/Atom feeds should adhere to the following guidelines:</p><ul><li>Only include URLs that can be fetched by <a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/182072?hl=en">Googlebot</a>. A common mistake is including URLs disallowed by robots.txt — which cannot be fetched by Googlebot, or including URLs of pages that don't exist.</li> <li>Only include <a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/139066?hl=en">canonical</a> URLs. A common mistake is to include URLs of duplicate pages. This increases the load on your server without improving indexing.</li> </ul><h5>Last modification time</h5><p>Specify a last modification time for each URL in an XML sitemap and RSS/Atom feed. The last modification time should be the last time the content of the page changed meaningfully. If a change is meant to be visible in the search results, then the last modification time should be the time of this change.</p><ul><li>XML sitemap uses <code> <lastmod></code> </li> <li>RSS uses <code><pubDate></code> </li> <li>Atom uses <code><updated></code></li> </ul><p>Be sure to set or update last modification time correctly:</p><ul><li>Specify the time in the correct format: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime">W3C Datetime</a> for XML sitemaps, <a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt">RFC3339</a> for Atom and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc822/">RFC822</a> for RSS.</li> <li>Only update modification time when the content changed meaningfully.</li> <li>Don’t set the last modification time to the current time whenever the sitemap or feed is served.</li> </ul><h4>XML sitemaps</h4><p>XML sitemaps should contain URLs of all pages on your site. They are often large and update infrequently. Follow these guidelines:</p><ul><li>For a single XML sitemap: update it at least once a day (if your site changes regularly) and <a href="http://www.sitemaps.org/protocol.html#submit_ping">ping</a> Google after you update it.</li> <li>For a set of XML sitemaps: maximize the number of URLs in each XML sitemap. The limit is 50,000 URLs or a maximum size of 10MB uncompressed, whichever is reached first. <a href="http://www.sitemaps.org/protocol.html#submit_ping">Ping</a> Google for each updated XML sitemap (or once for the sitemap index, if that's used) every time it is updated. A common mistake is to put only a handful of URLs into each XML sitemap file, which usually makes it harder for Google to download all of these XML sitemaps in a reasonable time. </li> </ul><h4>RSS/Atom</h4><p>RSS/Atom feeds should convey recent updates of your site. They are usually small and updated frequently. For these feeds, we recommend:</p><ul><li>When a new page is added or an existing page meaningfully changed, add the URL and the modification time to the feed.</li> <li>In order for Google to not miss updates, the RSS/Atom feed should have all updates in it since at least the last time Google downloaded it. The best way to achieve this is by using <a href="https://pubsubhubbub.googlecode.com/git/pubsubhubbub-core-0.4.html">PubSubHubbub</a>. The hub will propagate the content of your feed to all interested parties (RSS readers, search engines, etc.) in the fastest and most efficient way possible.</li> </ul><br /> <p>Generating both XML sitemaps and Atom/RSS feeds is a great way to optimize crawling of a site for Google and other search engines. The key information in these files is the canonical URL and the time of the last modification of pages within the website. Setting these properly, and notifying Google and other search engines through sitemaps pings and PubSubHubbub, will allow your website to be crawled optimally, and represented accordingly in search results.</p><p>If you have any questions, feel free to post them here, or to join other webmasters in the <a href="https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!categories/webmasters/sitemaps">webmaster help forum section on sitemaps</a>.</p><span class="byline-author">Posted by Alkis Evlogimenos, Google Feeds Team</span> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> <p>Webmaster level: intermediate-advanced</p><p><a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/183669?hl=en">Submitting sitemaps</a> can be an important part of optimizing websites. Sitemaps enable search engines to discover all pages on a site and to download them quickly when they change. This blog post explains which fields in sitemaps are important, when to use XML sitemaps and RSS/Atom feeds, and how to optimize them for Google.</p><h3>Sitemaps and feeds</h3><p>Sitemaps can be in <a href="http://www.sitemaps.org">XML sitemap</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS">RSS</a>, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_(standard)">Atom</a> formats. The important difference between these formats is that XML sitemaps describe the whole set of URLs within a site, while RSS/Atom feeds describe recent changes. This has important implications:</p><ul><li>XML sitemaps are usually large; RSS/Atom feeds are small, containing only the most recent updates to your site.</li> <li>XML sitemaps are downloaded less frequently than RSS/Atom feeds.</li> </ul><p>For optimal crawling, we recommend using both XML sitemaps and RSS/Atom feeds. XML sitemaps will give Google information about all of the pages on your site. RSS/Atom feeds will provide all updates on your site, helping Google to keep your content fresher in its index. Note that submitting sitemaps or feeds does not guarantee the indexing of those URLs.</p><p>Example of an XML sitemap:</p><code> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <br /> <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9"> <br />  <url> <br />    <loc>http://example.com/mypage</loc> <br />    <lastmod>2011-06-27T19:34:00+01:00</lastmod> <br />     <br />  </url> <br />  <url> <br />    ... <br />  </url> <br /> </urlset> </code> <p>Example of an RSS feed:</p><code> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <br /> <rss> <br />  <channel> <br />     <br />    <item> <br />       <br />      <link>http://example.com/mypage</link> <br />      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jun 2011 19:34:00 +0100</pubDate> <br />    </item> <br />    <item> <br />      ... <br />    </item> <br />  </channel> <br /> </rss> </code> <p>Example of an Atom feed:</p><code> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <br /> <feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"> <br />   <br />  <entry> <br />    <link href="http://example.com/mypage" /> <br />    <updated>2011-06-27T19:34:00+01:00</updated> <br />     <br />  </entry> <br />  <entry> <br />    ... <br />  </entry> <br /> </feed> </code> <p>“other tags” refer to both optional and required tags by their respective standards. We recommend that you specify the required tags for Atom/RSS as they will help you to appear on other properties that might use these feeds, in addition to Google Search.</p><h3>Best practices</h3><h4>Important fields</h4><p>XML sitemaps and RSS/Atom feeds, in their core, are lists of URLs with metadata attached to them. The two most important pieces of information for Google are the URL itself and its last modification time: </p><h5>URLs</h5><p>URLs in XML sitemaps and RSS/Atom feeds should adhere to the following guidelines:</p><ul><li>Only include URLs that can be fetched by <a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/182072?hl=en">Googlebot</a>. A common mistake is including URLs disallowed by robots.txt — which cannot be fetched by Googlebot, or including URLs of pages that don't exist.</li> <li>Only include <a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/139066?hl=en">canonical</a> URLs. A common mistake is to include URLs of duplicate pages. This increases the load on your server without improving indexing.</li> </ul><h5>Last modification time</h5><p>Specify a last modification time for each URL in an XML sitemap and RSS/Atom feed. The last modification time should be the last time the content of the page changed meaningfully. If a change is meant to be visible in the search results, then the last modification time should be the time of this change.</p><ul><li>XML sitemap uses <code> <lastmod></code> </li> <li>RSS uses <code><pubDate></code> </li> <li>Atom uses <code><updated></code></li> </ul><p>Be sure to set or update last modification time correctly:</p><ul><li>Specify the time in the correct format: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime">W3C Datetime</a> for XML sitemaps, <a href="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt">RFC3339</a> for Atom and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc822/">RFC822</a> for RSS.</li> <li>Only update modification time when the content changed meaningfully.</li> <li>Don’t set the last modification time to the current time whenever the sitemap or feed is served.</li> </ul><h4>XML sitemaps</h4><p>XML sitemaps should contain URLs of all pages on your site. They are often large and update infrequently. Follow these guidelines:</p><ul><li>For a single XML sitemap: update it at least once a day (if your site changes regularly) and <a href="http://www.sitemaps.org/protocol.html#submit_ping">ping</a> Google after you update it.</li> <li>For a set of XML sitemaps: maximize the number of URLs in each XML sitemap. The limit is 50,000 URLs or a maximum size of 10MB uncompressed, whichever is reached first. <a href="http://www.sitemaps.org/protocol.html#submit_ping">Ping</a> Google for each updated XML sitemap (or once for the sitemap index, if that's used) every time it is updated. A common mistake is to put only a handful of URLs into each XML sitemap file, which usually makes it harder for Google to download all of these XML sitemaps in a reasonable time. </li> </ul><h4>RSS/Atom</h4><p>RSS/Atom feeds should convey recent updates of your site. They are usually small and updated frequently. For these feeds, we recommend:</p><ul><li>When a new page is added or an existing page meaningfully changed, add the URL and the modification time to the feed.</li> <li>In order for Google to not miss updates, the RSS/Atom feed should have all updates in it since at least the last time Google downloaded it. The best way to achieve this is by using <a href="https://pubsubhubbub.googlecode.com/git/pubsubhubbub-core-0.4.html">PubSubHubbub</a>. The hub will propagate the content of your feed to all interested parties (RSS readers, search engines, etc.) in the fastest and most efficient way possible.</li> </ul><br /> <p>Generating both XML sitemaps and Atom/RSS feeds is a great way to optimize crawling of a site for Google and other search engines. The key information in these files is the canonical URL and the time of the last modification of pages within the website. Setting these properly, and notifying Google and other search engines through sitemaps pings and PubSubHubbub, will allow your website to be crawled optimally, and represented accordingly in search results.</p><p>If you have any questions, feel free to post them here, or to join other webmasters in the <a href="https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!categories/webmasters/sitemaps">webmaster help forum section on sitemaps</a>.</p><span class="byline-author">Posted by Alkis Evlogimenos, Google Feeds Team</span> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Official Google Webmaster Central Blog:Best practices for XML sitemaps & RSS/Atom feeds&url=https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/10/best-practices-for-xml-sitemaps-rssatom.html&via=googlewmc'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' data-href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/10/best-practices-for-xml-sitemaps-rssatom.html'> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/10/best-practices-for-xml-sitemaps-rssatom.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> <span class='labels-caption'> Labels: </span> <span class='labels'> <a class='label' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/search/label/advanced' rel='tag'> advanced </a> , <a class='label' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/search/label/crawling%20and%20indexing' rel='tag'> crawling and indexing </a> , <a class='label' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/search/label/intermediate' rel='tag'> intermediate </a> , <a class='label' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/search/label/sitemaps' rel='tag'> sitemaps </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='400416985052972381' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/10/bring-your-local-business-online-no.html' itemprop='url' title='Bring your local business online -- no website required!'> Bring your local business online -- no website required! </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Monday, October 06, 2014 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> Webmaster Level: Beginner <br> <br> “Hey, how do I get my business on the web?” Having worked at Google for nine years, if I had a penny for every time someone asked me that question… :) To answer, today we’re releasing a short video series (30 minutes total!), sharing the same advice we’d give to our friends and family. It’s the advice I’d give to my sister, Marnie, who owns a jewelry store, or my cousin, Scott, who works as a realtor. Video spoiler alert: You won’t need to make a website, but you definitely need a way for your local business to reach potential customers using their mobile phones, tablets, or desktop computers. <br> <br> <div style="text-align:center"><iframe width="500" height="284" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/TUOyHUFhHK4?list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> <div style="text-align:center"><i>Video series to help local business owners of all technical levels to get their business found on the web. It focuses on the benefits of creating a <a href="https://biz.yelp.com/">Yelp business page</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/business">Facebook page</a>, <a href="https://www.google.com/business/">Google+ page</a>, etc.</i></div> <br> The great thing about video is that you can pause at any time and work at your own pace. Next time you hear the question: “How do I get my business on Google?”, please share the link and let's get more local businesses online! <br> <br> Series: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640">Build an online presence for your local business</a> <br> <br> Video #1: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUOyHUFhHK4&index=1&list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640">Introduction and hot topics</a> (3:22) <blockquote>Meet my sister, Marnie, who owns a jewelry store and my cousin, Scott, who works as a realtor. Follow them as we talk about the big changes in the last decade, such as making sure your business can reach customers at work, home, or on-the-go using their mobile phones.</blockquote> Video #2: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzVMeXI94h0&list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640">Determine your business’ value-add and online goal</a> (4:08) <blockquote> With the example of Scott, the realtor, you’ll learn about the marketing funnel, setting an online goal, and highlighting what makes your business special.</blockquote> Video #3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0v4kjPtEgxQ&list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640&index=3">Find potential customers</a> (7:41) <blockquote>Marnie and Scott figure out their customers’ most common journeys to reach their business. We'll use their examples to brainstorm how you can reach customers on review sites, through search engines, maps apps, and social and professional networking sites.</blockquote> Video #4: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5EjjTxDVh5M&list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640&index=4">Basic implementation and best practices</a> (5:23) <blockquote>The fundamentals and best practices to take your business from offline to online!</blockquote> Video #5: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIXs4LdCISY&list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640&index=5">Differentiate your business from the competition</a> (5:09) <blockquote>With Scott’s business as a realtor, see how to demonstrate that your local business is the best choice for customers by adding photos, videos, and getting reviews.</blockquote> Video #6: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VmM4od_bGu8&index=6&list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640">Engage customers with a holistic online identity</a> (4:51) <blockquote>We'll end the series by showing how Scott makes sure his online presence sends a cohesive message to customers and answers all their common questions. :)</blockquote> <span class="byline-author">Written by <a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/+MaileOhye/posts">Maile Ohye</a>, Developer Programs Tech Lead</span> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> Webmaster Level: Beginner <br> <br> “Hey, how do I get my business on the web?” Having worked at Google for nine years, if I had a penny for every time someone asked me that question… :) To answer, today we’re releasing a short video series (30 minutes total!), sharing the same advice we’d give to our friends and family. It’s the advice I’d give to my sister, Marnie, who owns a jewelry store, or my cousin, Scott, who works as a realtor. Video spoiler alert: You won’t need to make a website, but you definitely need a way for your local business to reach potential customers using their mobile phones, tablets, or desktop computers. <br> <br> <div style="text-align:center"><iframe width="500" height="284" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/TUOyHUFhHK4?list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> <div style="text-align:center"><i>Video series to help local business owners of all technical levels to get their business found on the web. It focuses on the benefits of creating a <a href="https://biz.yelp.com/">Yelp business page</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/business">Facebook page</a>, <a href="https://www.google.com/business/">Google+ page</a>, etc.</i></div> <br> The great thing about video is that you can pause at any time and work at your own pace. Next time you hear the question: “How do I get my business on Google?”, please share the link and let's get more local businesses online! <br> <br> Series: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640">Build an online presence for your local business</a> <br> <br> Video #1: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUOyHUFhHK4&index=1&list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640">Introduction and hot topics</a> (3:22) <blockquote>Meet my sister, Marnie, who owns a jewelry store and my cousin, Scott, who works as a realtor. Follow them as we talk about the big changes in the last decade, such as making sure your business can reach customers at work, home, or on-the-go using their mobile phones.</blockquote> Video #2: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzVMeXI94h0&list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640">Determine your business’ value-add and online goal</a> (4:08) <blockquote> With the example of Scott, the realtor, you’ll learn about the marketing funnel, setting an online goal, and highlighting what makes your business special.</blockquote> Video #3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0v4kjPtEgxQ&list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640&index=3">Find potential customers</a> (7:41) <blockquote>Marnie and Scott figure out their customers’ most common journeys to reach their business. We'll use their examples to brainstorm how you can reach customers on review sites, through search engines, maps apps, and social and professional networking sites.</blockquote> Video #4: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5EjjTxDVh5M&list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640&index=4">Basic implementation and best practices</a> (5:23) <blockquote>The fundamentals and best practices to take your business from offline to online!</blockquote> Video #5: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIXs4LdCISY&list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640&index=5">Differentiate your business from the competition</a> (5:09) <blockquote>With Scott’s business as a realtor, see how to demonstrate that your local business is the best choice for customers by adding photos, videos, and getting reviews.</blockquote> Video #6: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VmM4od_bGu8&index=6&list=PLKoqnv2vTMUPsaJ_uSoURcrNlyyBXE640">Engage customers with a holistic online identity</a> (4:51) <blockquote>We'll end the series by showing how Scott makes sure his online presence sends a cohesive message to customers and answers all their common questions. :)</blockquote> <span class="byline-author">Written by <a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/+MaileOhye/posts">Maile Ohye</a>, Developer Programs Tech Lead</span> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Official Google Webmaster Central Blog:Bring your local business online -- no website required!&url=https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/10/bring-your-local-business-online-no.html&via=googlewmc'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' 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class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2019/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2019/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2019/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2019/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2019/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2019/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2018/'> 2018 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2018/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2018/11/'> Nov </a> 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href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2018/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2018/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2018/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2018/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2018/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2018/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2017/'> 2017 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2017/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2017/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2017/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2017/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2017/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2017/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2017/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2017/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2017/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2017/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2017/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2016/'> 2016 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2016/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2016/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2016/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2016/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2016/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2016/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2016/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2016/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2016/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2016/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2015/'> 2015 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2015/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2015/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2015/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2015/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2015/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2015/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2015/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2015/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2015/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2015/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2015/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy toggle-open'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/'> 2014 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2013/'> 2013 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2013/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2013/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2013/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2013/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2013/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2013/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2013/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2013/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2013/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2013/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2013/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2013/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2012/'> 2012 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2012/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2012/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2012/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2012/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2012/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2012/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2012/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2012/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2012/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2012/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2012/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2012/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2011/'> 2011 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2011/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2011/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2011/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2011/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2011/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2011/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2011/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2011/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2011/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2011/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2011/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2011/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> 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href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2010/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2010/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2010/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2010/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2010/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div 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