CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91347b556965834e',cH: 'eslKu9w2sOk6Qh9n1YIR0mCAx.c2j0xsSYFLTfMRxpE-1739781722-1.2.1.1-Uci.OZCbIkdXqX3uXsrLyapRoJkZoYpqc9lxh8j1ub2Ngecjk4Fb78WBTG6ct9Wq',cUPMDTk: "\/9997100\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=LDYT7Y__oj4zpsLsOIuoXmu5Wvx_6wpVR0QWk7PXcAI-1739781722-1.0.1.1-5xj3YPwqLihTFCpyzGSyL96Ei2LH12QkcjLIroHWXTM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739781722',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9997100\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=LDYT7Y__oj4zpsLsOIuoXmu5Wvx_6wpVR0QWk7PXcAI-1739781722-1.0.1.1-5xj3YPwqLihTFCpyzGSyL96Ei2LH12QkcjLIroHWXTM",md: "icTaxClIG4nqnQBkPRLUQm5ahWcUuvXILo62QkerYB4-1739781722-1.2.1.1-BpP3ucjgbniQax1UinV9poaiBz_BPS_4kWohb.ZejnYieJg218zOxRdGZ4CqIMrNPCy4pvIHQjKEdmdefPxUG50DWKjIchNcMLZL74LnGyMj033EHtRdNRFw1hPlVdfbAr7J_T3Em4tLFdiX6nHpm73Y6O_byKfgdyKaHciarKN2KLh6Z8h9DbtVZE8_huChd8q2oc84Kq.4L8pAyn6.wKIx98FbrsP5dBVPIALOhkoU9F60mZfDMYO0TrR9uNLB_7m8pfW4AvcW4cF8h2y0PDHoOAwLAybCTb6IVJltQdbQQT9m8NbMolfJUqILs87LGU1bototmF1RDD9hC2P38ngaNIyR2eTnkV5s4KUOydOqxXNPHr.q.RZZeqkgZ.PnzAL.PRrcbTelZOPP3MNaxwRiR6WjOPEoMCR6gFLK0gUDDzea23.3AUOzh8VXvjP9EPTfgsUnuto8fTkL9f6g83CwBo5WkFDbUfxvAZwDnrhZp3MckzCappiAa7Mv0w4RxAjLfAeu5Vqbx5SRnjBQXAyIz6RYVMEDaRJIsfYristIdco7GtonsrgsOc_xT9AlrQi1sv1nF7dStWUrwYednSai6vIVuzzQpvr4ptfZEDM8wJNtN648b2yJw1GQPHcBmB5IHTt3ERkMh5S4igmZs6wkOs5YIxMmOlnCCvREqyfIIZVTAuLc5I5ZMnadhP2hU5BBrKIlZ4o2RBzcM.YvlhaJvSVJDOSKe2UMk5VmEEpkD.oFniSroRE7FbI59ggKLxPsddFWb1WHCz5xWR1qE2Pugv7WMjXmVR7xOSPjCjC0_ciRVibFp6fINrBOvtx1X44IaEf3tT8RsaZaXWwKALmpS.iXfHfG1PykAf8StlGZJojaBYi91vYlVvEzjDI7FOCIyFMUOSOOs43Dne_SqdART.Ok4UZqhy4BW1MsMn.TPF_wC2DDROeleJrt1M_6iJmm.3N9PHwfcltto4fKRaXWoH.tjwKZDeiL4jTQan._gZ2TsiR.iEYC0ftcj4sqtIKVnSKQDkZ54Q5NwL46s1f8ws9sgzIC5Xh_Hz1in7a2ONd_Q8kv2rqd7JPfeSpYkkqdctzE_vvRfag3OQXhJpxec3d_qpMiogJMdj8l0X7pulLzOnVpK_ng796hfcJuBBOgpUQW3NgOjw2AxbUpLU4VnA.HCgNRqxbnn2hnsvw2kIAFIS3yLLXvoel2iwXw7q.O5GFDSsQy6enL_AtNqxns156QIO5zYV1dEYYHd0raGrfm0goD3ypdqqcfx_DQqZNmKqElfgGk.dU_ovYaEubGS2tNIejq6e3Ykk7Hl73wF6IIrO9PeoANBcSaHXZM6a05WTaGyhX1.gLpiV2dTFnDA8Z4di9jn5O9aljVZml70oBpSmyFurRJJOZGS2uVN0pMZcv0FlhmEcjbwiDyMirnkEBJ94qIt2G1gHhNnLZonGSJCpZGrFdiWeCrQLpFjsbYAeknr7d7tT9XPws.QpJm.wIjhiAb6VqyfocaCChACxVPtFY2VJCTriDTzjdnMjtfSwRAqEr0qDU0fax608Gv8Fn.9siOsC7FaZEXiyNwEaOeipcJNvIfRL6IDVbbh8hTmFvLzCffYSjV5TRaBLqvM7tkqCfpt7xrQiGbZgJD4j_4dLGtEHcHorfUqYKQ84kI_9XtvzQBCXM1sAcdpA1jRKafpYOu0lnIJG5of_KGrAMauzoWZ42ACD5oGnXuPC3jxZnkYSVFkt0QoKjwrKxBxzcTF616ETuzxxywJM7VlXit1UAv_zffIfCJ1yg_4JttTh6RLw.ovAiMFH0OP6.S8CsVlV51Es_CEIq8gdRxDAqQa7r95V7WreK0GaZsxabNpcX.HgISusCOiBUSkQzbra7eSVSU2IVu4loGOp0",mdrd: "CFH69aEYRE_Nfmj.x1IxqnuCUIKyGaf1ShbJQxpiehY-1739781722-1.2.1.1-_q8.b7rXsNQ6fr20tBDf9ihTSqAI0YVVMv0gMGr6P6sOQBlDkcoiuHInAC.5noZV0tqhDbUbLpW7qTJaiZhIBuMuk6aBUes9fQeGEflU03njcPGAO2yZjJ_mbNuE_1R56BcA7gloHiz.T4qO.B1IbVR2I8yAQbnQkHYc893SUHK4NxbamhFt05tBfHmouxzsq6U9vY9tDth1neBTIiBT1cGvp79m_DA.9AU73IxrRjRHZYksGrl1RI5B.N2GUlmiSXAII_iSU4eHqKCfrxR45u5hdJw3uwOjd1mcT7zGVVTShFeCCDruMNekI8AqrrMpvwM3yWLTq2XuoPfQE1NNLueEdmsb3rsNCEDLtuuob2yd27OUD2m9rcHXKaNASeSOxBv_hf5I67xt_0pcIgK2k4nN85D3pbpLB8Nh1tMswncjDzoOy_nxDXeSzWOdWP97KKaLRbxtak.0bUHKmBya75Xji8uvY2IWXutgGzTyncrHmoEUQG4eSccM0VFmr5NItmUKs8XXiagqnDmIuZZYtf_AkLqHh8YVHD4nDerDUEL6xFOJaAhrG7hb1DZ9P8ca2UDgvwO2eIj45.u70nx3cDv2Rgs7_8p.iTJkQHKpyo8PIUbxvCAaM0vc351ZMP4EKG5rWw1skZRh4wlH_eg5iDiDoV2FCxhtfzANwELCCTF3FkE4zpYLGTIcmTKpxQF2WIL8.HkzmYpBo.bu7x8IrmDZIh178aLSjqzRm37hOGvlGLUKSHKGqwc8hMuraoSwPfdpTF4soR2P.WLW5y.TUaThMWN82LYVifEHd5xGSqmviSqVG9co7xphBONZ4i0Hb6mHkx7dn9yyPsupEbSB_swm90J4j6G43lRH1ORNzb5n9TbZaWAr9xoSIghvFnRDvyqiuJyJ4XEp6bKdcFO3f3gBvTUvpTf75k.NxnbAsSKm3oxv_tNIJ_9RKQvmKOqKfh2k.pFb39nfHfzOtI.jMxFTGtJVillGNsW.dJTVFR4nXUoBhwAIDZgx.aDOWsiAgkBhsXLvxQXdO4BeXoBeembhywJ.ZCgobNZYBamtccxw4O.LTJ.M_FcijWKEKXPbv5NuzdcAt1pfE7zxEG3dJWcKDLgg6qLkLfisan1x8js2ZpdLgBIlXJN8by16le45KCWc7xj06LG1OP2eVX95HPEpJNs7S22JXl.8IoaCQPvVaRVOrZkZ9Q.O_NNjpDuk0ZfuPoxPKUqNLaUaZ6nGhPfii7olZnHFPQ3gnPPW6yZd.EmQOmUE8Mjw9VevyjRxL4UoLQ6AD1DJELyRlGvcg6PBux0rj8FWTWahVmCfSNYssAHS90EpxszWJmzDP_rKIIJcbLDPIG1yYu.smXGuJBSpjUysL14fEPGvZoQYSfVjyHG0rrnkBAYTs6H4vKy2z_9adJGPAB4CB.gxSzKBvmGyAolOpSdSHaovA6HstiATA2AmdzqUQp2AIDhy6G5u2q_hzOB.0eY3VZrnTwI2flD1Ueuh4CjOwUudIAGyg_72e9IvNq6UXUPkXuG6zwcUoIBBKUIw3B1BSwOCJdx0DIjc.bMeH1OpeQeB703GrkK0WBbOhPIcMe3wb1zkW10uVMUKlWHwEDluipUQJWEioV76XZ0S.WXIaCGKb2f0NvBhRyA0N_22JI1.lWJK3F7.kXs3Ve14Fr7wSIqIEXY4oTWL.YetuGw9Fy_e2tne.F5lygSYJHRHuzQByizzfTO5tBD.nkFr.RByJKfRquXy_zMJel_pK5v6dpyQRjpzCdEDLfjsTUxP2j0qaKRvqnA0C79h5LMm1VROoZrRdtdHEJR3ihMgJwAkGmKe7.XC7ZPJ0.fQU6fozyHugkVPBmukfQqADrkjApMM3jCwUlzGtexwwT2tLYcJL7D23eFW1aK.dO9Y_KusLBxPyJjqCvQxgkbMMu0Mcprv5B5YGX2Fd6MrHcs.UG2zDrVjo0ImNe6gGASTeYCJ.p0NsQBD0lRb"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91347b556965834e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9997100\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=LDYT7Y__oj4zpsLsOIuoXmu5Wvx_6wpVR0QWk7PXcAI-1739781722-1.0.1.1-5xj3YPwqLihTFCpyzGSyL96Ei2LH12QkcjLIroHWXTM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>