CINXE.COM

Forest Tree Physiological Responses to Abiotic and Biotic St | 11511

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="ru"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="ru"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="EWYHnSFnfoIJJ1MEuBg2fdhwKNr_vX5Sm_3KMDh-CBM" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://russian.pulsus.com/abstract/forest-tree-physiological-responses-to-abiotic-and-biotic-stress-11511.html"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://russian.pulsus.com/abstract/forest-tree-physiological-responses-to-abiotic-and-biotic-stress-11511.html" hreflang="ru-RU" /> <meta name="ROBOTS" content="INDEX,FOLLOW"> <meta name="googlebot" content="INDEX,FOLLOW"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://russian.pulsus.com/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="icon" href="https://russian.pulsus.com/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <!-- Bootstrap CSS --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.0.10/css/all.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/metisMenu/2.7.7/metisMenu.min.css"> <link href="https://russian.pulsus.com/css/global.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="https://russian.pulsus.com/css/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="https://russian.pulsus.com/assets/css/author.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <!--<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>--> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/main-coolautosuggest.css"/> <script async src="https://russian.pulsus.com/js/jquery.coolautosuggest.js"></script> <script async src="https://russian.pulsus.com/js/jquery.coolfieldset.js"></script> <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-83744831-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-B2XCZQJ77C'); </script><title>Forest Tree Physiological Responses to Abiotic and Biotic St | 11511</title> <meta name="keywords" content="Deepti Pathak, "/> <meta name="description" content="By maintaining nutrient cycles and acting as home for a variety of creatures, forests perform crucial ecological tasks. Additionally, they provide ecosyste..11511"/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="袩褍谢褜褋褍褋 袚褉褍锌锌" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="袞褍褉薪邪谢 褝泻芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻芯泄 谐械芯谢芯谐懈懈"> <meta name="citation_title" content="Forest Tree Physiological Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stress"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Deepti Pathak" /> <meta name="citation_year" content=""> <meta name="citation_volume" content="6"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="4"> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="By maintaining nutrient cycles and acting as home for a variety of creatures, forests perform crucial ecological tasks. Additionally, they provide ecosystem services including carbon storage, erosion control, and the provision of valuable commodities like wood. Trees must adapt to their setting with many artificial and natural sources of stress. Long-lived tree species place a premium on resilience and resistance mechanisms to biotic and abiotic challenges. Due to the fact that trees can live for many years, if not centuries, in the same place, they must adapt their development and reproduction to the continuously shifting pedospheric and atmospheric circumstances. We sought contributions for this special issue that addressed the physiological reactions of forest trees to a variety of diverse stressors. Seventeen of the eighteen publications that were&nbsp; published discussed salt stress or drought as significant environmental cues, demonstrating the topic&#39;s significance in the face of climate change. Cold stress was only examined in one publication. The necessity to comprehend tree responses to these environmental hazards from the molecular to the ecosystem level is supported by the prevalence of studies on drought and salt stress environmental biology. The papers that make up this issue explore these scientific topics in various parts of the world and include both conifer and broadleaf tree species. Additionally, bamboo is the subject of two research. Although technically a grass, bamboo was included since it serves comparable ecological purposes and has similar uses to trees.&nbsp;"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://russian.pulsus.com/abstract/forest-tree-physiological-responses-to-abiotic-and-biotic-stress-11511.html"> </head> <body> <header class="m-b-0"> <div class="container py-3 d-none d-lg-block"> <div class="row justify-content-between"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-4 col-md-3"> <a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/" title="袩褍谢褜褋褍褋 袚褉褍锌锌"> <img alt="袩褍谢褜褋褍褋 袚褉褍锌锌" src="/images/pulsus-logo-red.svg" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-8 my-4 my-sm-0 top_img_head"> <a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/submit-manuscript.html"><img alt="袩褍谢褜褋褍褋 袚褉褍锌锌" src="/images/80.jpg" class="img-fluid float-right" /> <span>袩校袘袥袠袣袨袙袗孝鞋 小袙袨挟 袪校袣袨袩袠小鞋</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <a href="tel:+44 2033180199"><i class="fa fa-phone" aria-hidden="true"></i> 44 2033180199</a> </div> <div class="whatup"> <ul> <li><a href="tel:447868811091">44 1834290013<i class="fa fa-whatsapp" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-transparent main-nav"> <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <a class="navbar-brand d-lg-none" href="#"><img alt="袩褍谢褜褋褍褋 袚褉褍锌锌" src="https://russian.pulsus.com/images/pulsus-logo-red.svg" class="img-fluid" width="150"></a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#main-menu" aria-controls="main-menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse justify-content-start" id="main-menu" > <div class="navbar-nav"> <div class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="javascript:void(0)" data-target="#" id="AboutPulsus" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> 袨 </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="AboutPulsus"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://russian.pulsus.com/pulsus-profile.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">袩褉芯褎懈谢褜 锌褍谢褜褋邪</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://russian.pulsus.com/abstracting-indexing.html" title="Abstracting and Indexing">袗斜褋褌褉邪谐懈褉芯胁邪薪懈械 懈 懈薪写械泻褋懈褉芯胁邪薪懈械</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://russian.pulsus.com/editorial-policy-and-review-process.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">袪械写邪泻褑懈芯薪薪邪褟 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻邪 懈 锌褉芯褑械褋褋 褉械褑械薪蟹懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟</a> </div> </div> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://russian.pulsus.com/scientific-journals.html" target="_blank" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">袞褍褉薪邪谢褘</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://russian.pulsus.com/contactus.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">小胁褟蟹邪褌褜褋褟 褋 薪邪屑懈</a> </div> </div> <!------------------------------------> <!---languages drop down----> <div class="nav-item dropdown multi_lang j_multi_lang"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="multi_lang" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Language</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby=""> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.pulsus.com/abstract/forest-tree-physiological-responses-to-abiotic-and-biotic-stress-11511.html" title="English"> <img src="https://www.pulsus.com/admin/flags/usa.png">English </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://spanish.pulsus.com/abstract/forest-tree-physiological-responses-to-abiotic-and-biotic-stress-11511.html" title="Spanish"> <img src="https://www.pulsus.com/admin/flags/spain.png">Spanish </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://chinese.pulsus.com/abstract/forest-tree-physiological-responses-to-abiotic-and-biotic-stress-11511.html" title="Chinese"> <img src="https://www.pulsus.com/admin/flags/china.png">Chinese </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://german.pulsus.com/abstract/forest-tree-physiological-responses-to-abiotic-and-biotic-stress-11511.html" title="German"> <img src="https://www.pulsus.com/admin/flags/germany.png">German </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://french.pulsus.com/abstract/forest-tree-physiological-responses-to-abiotic-and-biotic-stress-11511.html" title="French"> <img src="https://www.pulsus.com/admin/flags/france.png">French </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://japanese.pulsus.com/abstract/forest-tree-physiological-responses-to-abiotic-and-biotic-stress-11511.html" title="Japanese"> <img src="https://www.pulsus.com/admin/flags/japan.png">Japanese </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://portuguese.pulsus.com/abstract/forest-tree-physiological-responses-to-abiotic-and-biotic-stress-11511.html" title="Portuguese"> <img src="https://www.pulsus.com/admin/flags/portugal.png">Portuguese </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://hindi.pulsus.com/abstract/forest-tree-physiological-responses-to-abiotic-and-biotic-stress-11511.html" title="Hindi"> <img src="https://www.pulsus.com/admin/flags/india.png">Hindi </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://telugu.pulsus.com/abstract/forest-tree-physiological-responses-to-abiotic-and-biotic-stress-11511.html" title="Telugu"> <img src="https://www.pulsus.com/admin/flags/india.png">Telugu </a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://tamil.pulsus.com/abstract/forest-tree-physiological-responses-to-abiotic-and-biotic-stress-11511.html" title="Tamil"> <img src="https://www.pulsus.com/admin/flags/india.png">Tamil </a> </div> </div> <!---languages drop down----> </div> </nav> <!------------ Journal Menu ----------------------> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light d-lg-none"> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#journalMenu" aria-controls="journalMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <i class="fa fa-caret-square-o-down" aria-hidden="true"></i> Journal Menu </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse justify-content-left" id="journalMenu"> <div class="navbar-nav"> <a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/journal-environmental-geology.html" class="nav-item nav-link active" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪"> 袚谢邪胁薪邪褟 褋褌褉邪薪懈褑邪 卸褍褉薪邪谢邪 </a> <a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/journal-environmental-geology/aim-scope.html" class="nav-item nav-link" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">笑械谢褜 懈 褋褎械褉邪 锌褉懈屑械薪械薪懈褟</a> <div class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="forAuthors" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪"> 袛谢褟 邪胁褌芯褉芯胁 </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="forAuthors"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://russian.pulsus.com/journal-environmental-geology/instructionsforauthors.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">袠薪褋褌褉褍泻褑懈褟 写谢褟 邪胁褌芯褉芯胁</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://russian.pulsus.com/journal-environmental-geology/submitmanuscript.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">袨褌锌褉邪胁懈褌褜 褉褍泻芯锌懈褋褜</a> </div> </div> <a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/journal-environmental-geology/past-issues.html" class="nav-item nav-link" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">小褌邪褌褜懈</a> </div> </div> </nav> <!------------ Journal Menu End ----------------------> </header> <!--<div class="phonering-alo-phone phonering-alo-green phonering-alo-show bg-primary p-2 rounded-right hidden-xs d-none d-sm-block" id="feedback"> <div class="phonering-alo-ph-circle"></div> Reach Us <img src="https://russian.pulsus.com/images/telephone-white.svg" alt="" width="20" class="ml-2"> <img src="https://russian.pulsus.com/images/whatsapp.svg" alt="Whats app" width="20" class="ml-2"> +447915641605</div> --> <style> #google_translate_element {width:180px;} #justify-content-start {font-size:11px; font-weight:600; } </style> <!--=== Content Area ===--> <div class="container container-border"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <aside class="sidebar d-none d-md-block"> <nav class="sidebar-nav"> <ul class="metismenu" id="menu"> <li class="active"> <a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/journal-environmental-geology.html" aria-expanded="true" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪"> <span class="sidebar-nav-item">袚谢邪胁薪邪褟 褋褌褉邪薪懈褑邪 卸褍褉薪邪谢邪</span> </a> </li> <li><a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/journal-environmental-geology/aim-scope.html" aria-expanded="false" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">笑械谢褜 懈 褋褎械褉邪 锌褉懈屑械薪械薪懈褟</a></li> <li> <a href="#" aria-expanded="false">For Authors <span class="fa arrow fa-fw"></span></a> <ul aria-expanded="false" class="collapse"> <li><a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/journal-environmental-geology/instructionsforauthors.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">袠薪褋褌褉褍泻褑懈褟 写谢褟 邪胁褌芯褉芯胁</a></li> <li><a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/journal-environmental-geology/ethical-malpractices.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">袟邪褟胁谢械薪懈械 芯斜 褝褌懈泻械 锌褍斜谢懈泻邪褑懈泄 懈 蟹谢芯褍锌芯褌褉械斜谢械薪懈褟褏 褋谢褍卸械斜薪褘屑 锌芯谢芯卸械薪懈械屑</a></li> <li><a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/journal-environmental-geology/peer-review-process.html" title="Click here">袩褉芯褑械褋褋 褝泻褋锌械褉褌薪芯泄 芯褑械薪泻懈</a></li> <li><a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/journal-environmental-geology/submitmanuscript.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">袨褌锌褉邪胁懈褌褜 褉褍泻芯锌懈褋褜</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/journal-environmental-geology/past-issues.html" aria-expanded="false" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">小褌邪褌褜懈</a></li> </ul> </nav> </aside> </div> <div class="col-md-8 text-justify"> <div class="page-header"> <h1 class="text-muted">袗斜褋褌褉邪泻褌薪褘泄</h1> </div> <h3>Forest Tree Physiological Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stress</h3> <i class="fas fa-user"></i> <em> Deepti Pathak</em><br /><br /> <p>By maintaining nutrient cycles and acting as home for a variety of creatures, forests perform crucial ecological tasks. Additionally, they provide ecosystem services including carbon storage, erosion control, and the provision of valuable commodities like wood. Trees must adapt to their setting with many artificial and natural sources of stress. Long-lived tree species place a premium on resilience and resistance mechanisms to biotic and abiotic challenges. Due to the fact that trees can live for many years, if not centuries, in the same place, they must adapt their development and reproduction to the continuously shifting pedospheric and atmospheric circumstances. We sought contributions for this special issue that addressed the physiological reactions of forest trees to a variety of diverse stressors. Seventeen of the eighteen publications that were&nbsp; published discussed salt stress or drought as significant environmental cues, demonstrating the topic&#39;s significance in the face of climate change. Cold stress was only examined in one publication. The necessity to comprehend tree responses to these environmental hazards from the molecular to the ecosystem level is supported by the prevalence of studies on drought and salt stress environmental biology. The papers that make up this issue explore these scientific topics in various parts of the world and include both conifer and broadleaf tree species. Additionally, bamboo is the subject of two research. Although technically a grass, bamboo was included since it serves comparable ecological purposes and has similar uses to trees.&nbsp;</p> <div class="alert alert-info text-left"><b>袨褌泻邪蟹 芯褌 芯褌胁械褌褋褌胁械薪薪芯褋褌懈:</b> 协褌芯褌 褉械褎械褉邪褌 斜褘谢 锌械褉械胁械写械薪 褋 锌芯屑芯褖褜褞 懈薪褋褌褉褍屑械薪褌芯胁 懈褋泻褍褋褋褌胁械薪薪芯谐芯 懈薪褌械谢谢械泻褌邪 懈 械褖械 薪械 锌褉芯褕械谢 锌褉芯胁械褉泻褍 懈谢懈 胁械褉懈褎懈泻邪褑懈褞.</div> </div> <!--========== END PAGE CONTENT ==========--> <div class="col-md-2"><ul class="sidebar-soc"> <li><a class="soc-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/pulsus5" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li><a class="soc-linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/pulsus-journals" target="_blank"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a></li> </ul> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div class="card shadow-sm sidebar mb-3"> <h4 class="card-header pr-0" style="padding:6px 0px 6px 7px; font-size:16px;">袠薪写械泻褋懈褉芯胁邪薪芯 胁</h4> <nav class="a-pl-0" style="max-height:40vh;overflow-y:scroll;"> <ul class="list-unstyled pl-2"> <li class="pb-1"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size: 11px;color: #0056b3;"></i> Google 褍褔械薪褘泄</li> <li class="pb-1"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size: 11px;color: #0056b3;"></i> 袣邪褌邪谢芯谐 卸褍褉薪邪谢芯胁 芯褌泻褉褘褌芯谐芯 写芯褋褌褍锌邪</li> <li class="pb-1"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size: 11px;color: #0056b3;"></i> 袧邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褜薪邪褟 懈薪褎褉邪褋褌褉褍泻褌褍褉邪 蟹薪邪薪懈泄 袣懈褌邪褟 (CNKI)</li> <li class="pb-1"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size: 11px;color: #0056b3;"></i> 小锌褉邪胁芯褔薪懈泻 锌械褉懈芯写懈褔械褋泻懈褏 懈蟹写邪薪懈泄 校谢褜褉懈褏邪</li> <li class="pb-1"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size: 11px;color: #0056b3;"></i> 协袘小袣袨, 袗褉懈蟹芯薪邪</li> <li class="pb-1"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size: 11px;color: #0056b3;"></i> 袞械薪械胁褋泻懈泄 褎芯薪写 屑械写懈褑懈薪褋泻芯谐芯 芯斜褉邪蟹芯胁邪薪懈褟 懈 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈泄</li> <li class="pb-1"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size: 11px;color: #0056b3;"></i> 袘械褋锌谢邪褌薪褘械 屑械写懈褑懈薪褋泻懈械 卸褍褉薪邪谢褘</li> <li class="pb-1"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size: 11px;color: #0056b3;"></i> 袠薪写械泻褋 袣芯锌械褉薪懈泻邪</li> <li class="pb-1"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size: 11px;color: #0056b3;"></i> 袣袗小</li> </ul> </nav> </div> <!--==========Indexed in end==============--> <div class="right_img_head"> <span>袩褍斜谢懈泻邪褑懈褟 褉械褑械薪蟹懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟 写谢褟 邪褋褋芯褑懈邪褑懈泄, 芯斜褖械褋褌胁 懈 褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌芯胁</span> <img src="/images/pulsus-banner-right.png" alt="pulsus-health-tech" class="img-fluid center-block mt-3 d-none d-sm-block"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--=== Content Area ===--> <footer class="container py-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-2"> <img alt="Pulsus" src="https://russian.pulsus.com/images/pulsus-logo-white.svg" class="img-fluid"> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-10"> <ul class="footer-links pl-0 my-5 my-sm-0"> <li> <a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/contactus.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">小胁褟蟹邪褌褜褋褟 褋 薪邪屑懈</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/pulsus-profile.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">袩褉芯褎懈谢褜 锌褍谢褜褋邪</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/editorial-policy-and-review-process.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">袪械写邪泻褑懈芯薪薪邪褟 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻邪 懈 锌褉芯褑械褋褋 褉械褑械薪蟹懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/advertise.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">袪械泻谢邪屑邪</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/terms-conditions.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">校褋谢芯胁懈褟 懈 锌芯谢芯卸械薪懈褟</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/copyright.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">袗胁褌芯褉褋泻懈械 锌褉邪胁邪</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/disclaimer.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">袨褌泻邪蟹 芯褌 芯褌胁械褌褋褌胁械薪薪芯褋褌懈</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/privacy.html" title="泻谢懈泻薪懈褌械 褋褞写邪">袣芯薪褎懈写械薪褑懈邪谢褜薪芯褋褌褜</a> </li> </ul> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6"> <p class="mb-0">袗胁褌芯褉褋泻懈械 锌褉邪胁邪 &copy; 2024 <a href="https://russian.pulsus.com/" title="袩褍谢褜褋褍褋 袚褉褍锌锌">袩褍谢褜褋褍褋 袚褉褍锌锌</a></p> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6"> <ul class="list-inline footer-soc text-right mb-0"> <li class="list-inline-item"><a class="soc-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/pulsus5" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a class="soc-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100076620907086" target="_blank"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a class="soc-linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/pulsus-group-ltd" target="_blank"><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a class="" href="https://www.instagram.com/pulsusgroup/?hl=en" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-instagram" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <!--<a href="https://www.globaltechsummit.com" class="bell_icon" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.vizagtechsummit.com/images/bellicon.png" alt="Global Tech Summit" ></a>--> <!-- Back To Top --> <a href="#0" class="cd-top js-cd-top bg-red-500-hover">Top</a> <!-- Back To Top --> <!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) --> <script async src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js"></script> <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script async src="https://russian.pulsus.com/js/back-to-top.js"></script> <script async src="https://russian.pulsus.com/js/bootstrapValidator.js"></script> <!--<script> $( function () { $( ".dropdown" ) . hover( function () { $( '.dropdown-menu', this ) . stop( true, true ) . fadeIn( "fast" ); $( this ) . toggleClass( 'show' ); $( 'b', this ) . toggleClass( "caret caret-up" ); }, function () { $( '.dropdown-menu', this ) . stop( true, true ) . fadeOut( "fast" ); $( this ) . toggleClass( 'show' ); $( 'b', this ) . toggleClass( "caret caret-up" ); } ); } ); </script> --> <!--== Equal Height Rows ==--> <script src="https://russian.pulsus.com/js/grids.min.js"></script> <script> $( '.equal-height' ).responsiveEqualHeightGrid(); $( '.equal-height-1' ).responsiveEqualHeightGrid(); $( '.equal-height-2' ).responsiveEqualHeightGrid(); $( '.equal-height-3' ).responsiveEqualHeightGrid(); $( '.equal-height-4' ).responsiveEqualHeightGrid(); </script> <!--== Sidebar MetisMenu ==--> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/metisMenu/2.7.7/metisMenu.min.js"></script> <script> //Full-Text Left Menu $( "#menu" ).metisMenu(); $( function () { $( '#menu4' ).metisMenu(); } ); ( jQuery ); </script> <script async src="https://app.wabi-app.com/widget/js/wabi.js?phone_number=+447915641605&lang=en&position=left"></script> <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8e748c1dddf68324',t:'MTczMjQwMDQzNS4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10