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class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8721</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: alkaline treatment</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8661</span> Protein and Mineral Removal from Dairy Waste-Water Using Precipitation Process </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Akbari">Zahra Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzin%20Zokaee"> Farzin Zokaee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talat%20Ghomashchi"> Talat Ghomashchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Whey is a by-product of the dairy industry whose major components are lactose (44–52 g/L), proteins (6–8 g/L) and mineral salts (4–9 g/L). Approximately 50% of 121 million tons of whey produced in the world in 1993 were disposed into rivers, lakes or other water bodies, treated in wastewater treatment plants or loaded onto land. This represents a significant loss of resources and causes serious pollution problems since whey is a heavy organic pollutant with high COD and BOD values, 40–60 g/L and 50–80 g/L, respectively. The removal of cheese whey proteins and minerals represent an important task both in environmental and in food sciences. The most important treatments which are considered in this study, have been done by using lime, Al2O3, FeCl3 and AlCl3 along with heating and also acidic-alkaline method. Results show that the best way for removal of protein is accomplished with adding HCl to decrease pH from 6 to 4, boiling for 20 min, and filtering protein aggregates. Also partial demineralization in whey solution for reducing ash is accomplished by adding NaOH to increase pH to 7.2 and heating solution for 20 min. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whey%20treatment" title="whey treatment">whey treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20industry" title=" dairy industry"> dairy industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precipitation" title=" precipitation"> precipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral" title=" mineral"> mineral</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33426/protein-and-mineral-removal-from-dairy-waste-water-using-precipitation-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8660</span> Stability Analysis of SEIR Epidemic Model with Treatment Function</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasiporn%20Rattanasupha">Sasiporn Rattanasupha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Settapat%20Chinviriyasit"> Settapat Chinviriyasit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The treatment function adopts a continuous and differentiable function which can describe the effect of delayed treatment when the number of infected individuals increases and the medical condition is limited. In this paper, the SEIR epidemic model with treatment function is studied to investigate the dynamics of the model due to the effect of treatment. It is assumed that the treatment rate is proportional to the number of infective patients. The stability of the model is analyzed. The model is simulated to illustrate the analytical results and to investigate the effects of treatment on the spread of infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20reproduction%20number" title="basic reproduction number">basic reproduction number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20stability" title=" local stability"> local stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEIR%20epidemic%20model" title=" SEIR epidemic model"> SEIR epidemic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment%20function" title=" treatment function "> treatment function </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23797/stability-analysis-of-seir-epidemic-model-with-treatment-function" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8659</span> Acidity and Aridity: Soil Carbon Storage and Myeloablation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tom%20Spears">Tom Spears</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zotique%20Laframboise"> Zotique Laframboise</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil inorganic carbon is the most common form of carbon in arid and semiarid regions, and has a very long turnover time. However, little is known about dissolved inorganic carbon storage and its turnover time in these soils. With 81 arid soil samples taken from 6 profiles in the Nepean Desert, Canada, we investigated the soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and the soil dissolved inorganic carbon (SDIC) in whole profiles of saline and alkaline soils by analyzing their contents and ages with radiocarbon dating. The results showed that there is considerable SDIC content in SIC, and the variations of SDIC and SIC contents in the saline soil profile were much larger than that in the alkaline profile. We investigated the possible implications for tectonic platelet activity but identified none. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title="soil">soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20storage" title=" carbon storage"> carbon storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acidity" title=" acidity"> acidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20inorganic%20carbon%20%28SIC%29" title=" soil inorganic carbon (SIC)"> soil inorganic carbon (SIC)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15564/acidity-and-aridity-soil-carbon-storage-and-myeloablation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8658</span> Biosorption of Ni (II) Using Alkaline-Treated Rice Husk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khanom%20Simarani">Khanom Simarani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice husk has been widely reported as a good sorbent for heavy metals. Pre treatment of rice husk minimizes cellulose crystallinity and increases the surface area thus ensuring better adsorption capacity. Commercial base and natural base-treated rice husk were used to investigate the potential of Ni(II) adsorption from synthetic solutions and waste water in batch systems. Effects of process variables such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial Ni (II) concentration were studied. Optimum Ni (II) adsorption was observed at pH 6 within 60 min of contact time. Experimental data showed increased amount of adsorbed Ni(II) with increasing adsorbent dose and decreased percent of adsorption with increasing initial Ni(II) concentration. Kinetic isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich) were also applied. Biosorption mechanism of rice husk was analyzed using SEM/EDS, FT-IR, and XRD. The results revealed that natural base produced from agroindustrial waste could be used as efficient as commercial bases during pre treatment rice husk in removing Ni(II) from waste waters within 15 min. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nickel%20removal" title="Nickel removal">Nickel removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorbent" title=" adsorbent"> adsorbent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30082/biosorption-of-ni-ii-using-alkaline-treated-rice-husk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8657</span> Volarization of Sugarcane Bagasse: The Effect of Alkali Concentration, Soaking Time and Temperature on Fibre Yield</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamrat%20Tesfaye">Tamrat Tesfaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tilahun%20Seyoum"> Tilahun Seyoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Shabaridharan"> K. Shabaridharan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this paper was to determine the effect of NaOH concentration, soaking time, soaking temperature and their interaction on percentage yield of fibre extract using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the extraction process of cellulosic fibre from sugar cane by-product bagasse using low alkaline extraction technique. The quadratic model with the optimal technological conditions resulted in a maximum fibre yield of 56.80% at 0.55N NaOH concentration, 4 h steeping time and 60ᵒC soaking temperature. Among the independent variables concentration was found to be the most significant (P < 0.005) variable and the interaction effect of concentration and soaking time leads to securing the optimized processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugarcane%20bagasse" title="sugarcane bagasse">sugarcane bagasse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20alkaline" title=" low alkaline"> low alkaline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Box-Behnken" title=" Box-Behnken"> Box-Behnken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre" title=" fibre "> fibre </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45876/volarization-of-sugarcane-bagasse-the-effect-of-alkali-concentration-soaking-time-and-temperature-on-fibre-yield" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8656</span> NiSe-Ni₃Se₂/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwaseun%20A.%20Oyetade">Oluwaseun A. Oyetade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roelof%20J.%20Kriek"> Roelof J. Kriek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of effective catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great importance to combat energy-related concerns in the environment. Herein, we report a one-step solvothermal method employed for the fabrication of nickel selenide hybrids (NiSe-Ni₃Se₂) and a series of nickel selenide hybrid/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites (NiSe-Ni₃Se₂/MWCNT) as electrocatalysts for OER in alkaline media. The catalytic activities of these catalysts were investigated via several electrochemical characterization techniques, such as linear sweep voltammetry, chronoamperometric studies at constant potential, electrochemical surface area determination, and Tafel slope calculation, under alkaline conditions. Morphological observations demonstrated the agglomeration of non-uniform NiSe-Ni₃Se₂ microspheres around carbon nanotubes (CNTs), demonstrating the successful synthesis of NiSe-Ni₃Se₂/MWCNT nanocomposites. Among the tested electrocatalysts, the 20% NiSe-Ni₃Se₂/MWCNT nanocomposite demonstrated the highest activity, exhibiting an overpotential of 325 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA.cm⁻² in 0.1 mol.dm⁻³ KOH solution. The NiSe-Ni₃Se₂/MWCNT nanocomposites showed improved activity toward OER compared to bare NiSe-Ni₃Se₂ hybrids and MWCNTs, exhibiting an overpotential of 528, 392 and 434 mV for 10%, 30% and 50% NiSe-Ni₃Se₂/MWCNT nanocomposites, respectively. These results compare favourably to the overpotential of noble catalysts, such as RuO₂ and IrO₂. Our results imply that the addition of MWCNTs increased the activity of NiSe-Ni₃Se₂ hybrids due to an increased number of catalytic sites, dispersion of NiSe-Ni₃Se₂ hybrid nanoparticles, and electronic conductivity of the nanocomposites. These nanocomposites also demonstrated better long-term stability compared to NiSe-Ni₃Se₂ hybrids and MWCNTs. Hence, NiSe-Ni₃Se₂/MWCNT nanocomposites possess the potential as effective electrocatalysts for OER in alkaline media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes" title="carbon nanotubes">carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocatalysts" title=" electrocatalysts"> electrocatalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20selenide%20hybrids" title=" nickel selenide hybrids"> nickel selenide hybrids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20evolution%20reaction" title=" oxygen evolution reaction"> oxygen evolution reaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124221/nise-ni3se2multiwalled-carbon-nanotubes-as-efficient-electrocatalysts-for-the-oxygen-evolution-reaction-in-alkaline-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8655</span> Comparative Evaluation on in vitro Bioactivity, Proliferation and Antibacterial Efficiency of Sol-Gel Derived Bioactive Glass Substituted by Li and Mg</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirhossein%20Moghanian">Amirhossein Moghanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Elsa"> Morteza Elsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrnaz%20Aminitabar"> Mehrnaz Aminitabar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modified bioactive glass has been considered as a promising multifunctional candidate in bone repair and regeneration due to its attractive properties. The present study mainly aims to evaluate how the individual substitution of lithium (L-BG) and magnesium (M-BG) for calcium can affect the in vitro bioactivity of sol-gel derived substituted 58S bioactive glass (BG); and to present one composition in both of the 60SiO2–(36-x)CaO–4P₂O₅–(x)Li₂O and 60SiO₂ –(36-x)CaO–4P₂O₅–(x)MgO quaternary systems (where x= 0, 5, 10 mol.%) with improved biocompatibility, enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the most efficient antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteria. To address these aims, and study the effect of CaO/Li₂O and CaO/MgO substitution up to 10 mol % in 58S-BGs, the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy after immersion in simulated body fluid up to 14 days. Results indicated that substitution of either CaO/ Li₂O and CaO/ MgO had a retarding effect on in vitro hydroxyapatite (HA) formation due to the lower supersaturation degree for nucleation of HA compared with 58s-BG. Meanwhile, magnesium had a more pronounced effect. The 3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays showed that both substitutions of CaO/ Li₂O and CaO/ MgO up to 5mol % in 58s-BGs led to increased biocompatibility and stimulated proliferation of the pre-osteoblast MC3T3 cells with respect to the control. On the other hand, the substitution of either Li or Mg for Ca in the 58s BG composition resulted in improved bactericidal efficiency against MRSA bacteria. Taken together, sample 58s-BG with 5 mol % CaO/Li₂O substitution (BG-5L) was considered as a multifunctional biomaterial in bone repair/regeneration with improved biocompatibility, enhanced ALP activity as well as significant antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline" title="alkaline">alkaline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20earth" title=" alkaline earth"> alkaline earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactivity" title=" bioactivity"> bioactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20applications" title=" biomedical applications"> biomedical applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20processes" title=" sol-gel processes"> sol-gel processes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105546/comparative-evaluation-on-in-vitro-bioactivity-proliferation-and-antibacterial-efficiency-of-sol-gel-derived-bioactive-glass-substituted-by-li-and-mg" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8654</span> Optimization of NaOH Thermo-Chemical Pretreatment to Enhance Solubilisation of Organic Food Waste by Response Surface Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafizan%20Junoh">Hafizan Junoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumaran%20Palanisamy"> Kumaran Palanisamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yip%20Chan%20Heng"> Yip Chan Heng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pua%20Fei%20Ling"> Pua Fei Ling</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the influence of low temperature thermo-chemical pretreatment of organic food waste on the performance of COD solubilisation. Both temperature and alkaline agent were reported to have an effect on solubilizing any possible biomass including organic food waste. The three independent variables considered in this pretreatment were temperature (50-90oC), pretreatment time (30-120 minutes) and alkaline concentration, sodium hydroxide, NaOH (0.7-15 g/L). The optimal condition obtained were 90oC, 15 g/L NaOH for 2 hours. Solubilisation has potential in enhancing methane production by providing a high amount of soluble components at an early stage during anaerobic digestion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20waste" title="food waste">food waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pretreatments" title=" pretreatments"> pretreatments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respond%20surface%20methodology" title=" respond surface methodology"> respond surface methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title=" ANOVA"> ANOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title=" anaerobic digestion"> anaerobic digestion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36354/optimization-of-naoh-thermo-chemical-pretreatment-to-enhance-solubilisation-of-organic-food-waste-by-response-surface-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">558</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8653</span> Hydrogen Production Using Solar Energy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20M.%20Sakr">I. M. Sakr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20M.%20Abdelsalam"> Ali M. Abdelsalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20Ibrahim"> K. A. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20A.%20El-Askary"> W. A. El-Askary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an experimental study for hydrogen production using alkaline water electrolysis operated by solar energy. Two methods are used and compared for separation between the cathode and anode, which are acrylic separator and polymeric membrane. Further, the effects of electrolyte concentration, solar insolation, and space between the pair of electrodes on the amount of hydrogen produced and consequently on the overall electrolysis efficiency are investigated. It is found that the rate of hydrogen production increases using the polymeric membrane installed between the electrodes. The experimental results show also that, the performance of alkaline water electrolysis unit is dominated by the electrolyte concentration and the gap between the electrodes. Smaller gaps between the pair of electrodes are demonstrated to produce higher rates of hydrogen with higher system efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20production" title="hydrogen production">hydrogen production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20electrolysis" title=" water electrolysis"> water electrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title=" concentration"> concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62050/hydrogen-production-using-solar-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8652</span> Sol-Gel Derived 58S Bioglass Substituted by Li and Mg: A Comparative Evaluation on in vitro Bioactivity, MC3T3 Proliferation and Antibacterial Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Khaleghipour">Amir Khaleghipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirhossein%20Moghanian"> Amirhossein Moghanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elhamalsadat%20Ghaffari"> Elhamalsadat Ghaffari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modified bioactive glass has been considered as a promising multifunctional candidate in bone repair and regeneration due to its attractive properties. The present study mainly aims to evaluate how the individual substitution of lithium (L-BG) and magnesium (M-BG) for calcium can affect the in vitro bioactivity of sol-gel derived substituted 58S bioactive glass (BG); and to present one composition in both of the 60SiO₂–(36-x)CaO–4P₂O₅–(x)Li₂O and 60SiO₂–(36-x)CaO–4P₂O₅–(x)MgO quaternary systems (where x= 0, 5, 10 mol.%) with improved biocompatibility, enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the most efficient antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. To address these aims, and study the effect of CaO/Li₂O and CaO/MgO substitution up to 10 mol % in 58S-BGs, the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy after immersion in simulated body fluid up to 14 days. Results indicated that substitution of either CaO/ Li₂O and CaO/ MgO had a retarding effect on in vitro hydroxyapatite (HA) formation due to the lower supersaturation degree for nucleation of HA compared with 58s-BG. Meanwhile, magnesium had a more pronounced effect. The 3-(4, 5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays showed that both substitutions of CaO/ Li₂O and CaO/ MgO up to 5mol % in 58s-BGs led to increased biocompatibility and stimulated proliferation of the pre-osteoblast MC3T3 cells with respect to the control. On the other hand, substitution of either Li or Mg for Ca in the 58s BG composition resulted in improved bactericidal efficiency against MRSA bacteria. Taken together, sample 58s-BG with 5 mol % CaO/Li₂O substitution (BG-5L) was considered as a multifunctional biomaterial in bone repair/regeneration with improved biocompatibility, enhanced ALP activity as well enhanced antibacterial efficiency against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria among all of the synthesized L-BGs and M-BGs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline" title="alkaline">alkaline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20earth" title=" alkaline earth"> alkaline earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactivity" title=" bioactivity"> bioactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20applications" title=" biomedical applications"> biomedical applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20processes" title=" sol-gel processes"> sol-gel processes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104924/sol-gel-derived-58s-bioglass-substituted-by-li-and-mg-a-comparative-evaluation-on-in-vitro-bioactivity-mc3t3-proliferation-and-antibacterial-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8651</span> Perovskite-Type La1−xCaxAlO3 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) as Active Anode Materials for Methanol Oxidation in Alkaline Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Diafi">M. Diafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Omari"> M. Omari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Gasmi"> B. Gasmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Perovskite-type La1−xCaxAlO3 were synthesized at 1000◦C by a co- precipitation method. The synthesized oxide powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the oxide powders were produced in the form of films on pretreated Ni-supports by an oxide-slurry painting technique their electrocatalytic activities towards methanol oxidation in alkaline solutions at 25°C using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and anodic Tafel polarization techniques. The oxide catalysts followed the rhombohedral hexagonal crystal geometry. The rate of electro-oxidation of methanol was found to increase with increasing substitution of La by Ca in the oxide matrix. The reaction indicated a Tafel slope of ~2.303RT/F, The electrochemical apparent activation energy (〖∆H〗_el^(°#)) was observed to decrease on increasing Ca content. The results point out the optimum electrode activity and stability of the Ca is x=0.6 of composition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocatalysis" title="electrocatalysis">electrocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20evolution" title=" oxygen evolution"> oxygen evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perovskite-type%20La1%E2%88%92x%20Cax%20AlO3" title=" perovskite-type La1−x Cax AlO3"> perovskite-type La1−x Cax AlO3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanol%20oxidation" title=" methanol oxidation"> methanol oxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20621/perovskite-type-la1xcaxalo3-x0-02-04-06-as-active-anode-materials-for-methanol-oxidation-in-alkaline-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8650</span> Zeolite 4A-confined Ni-Co Nanocluster: An Efficient and Durable Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Methanol Oxidation Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarmistha%20Baruah">Sarmistha Baruah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akshai%20Kumar"> Akshai Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nageswara%20Rao%20Peela"> Nageswara Rao Peela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The global energy crisis due to the dependence on fossil fuels and its limited reserves as well as environmental pollution are key concerns to the research communities. However, the implementation of alcohol-based fuel cells such as methanol is anticipated as a reliable source of future energy technology due to their high energy density, environment friendliness, ease of storage, transportation, etc. To drive the anodic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), an active and long-lasting catalyst is necessary for efficient energy conversion from methanol. Recently, transition metal-zeolite-based materials have been considered versatile catalysts for a variety of industrial and lab-scale processes. Large specific surface area, well-organized micropores, and adjustable acidity/basicity are characteristics of zeolites that make them excellent supports for immobilizing small-sized and highly dispersed metal species. Significant advancement in the production and characterization of well-defined metal clusters encapsulated within zeolite matrix has substantially expanded the library of materials available, and consequently, their catalytic efficacy. In this context, we developed bimetallic Ni-Co catalysts encapsulated within LTA (also known as 4A) zeolite via a method combined with the in-situ encapsulation of metal species using hydrothermal treatment followed by a chemical reduction process. The prepared catalyst was characterized using advanced characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrocatalytic activity of the catalyst for MOR was carried out in an alkaline medium at room temperature using techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), and chronoamperometry (CA). The resulting catalyst exhibited better catalytic activity of 12.1 mA cm-2 at 1.12 V vs Ag/AgCl and retained remarkable stability (~77%) even after 1000 cycles CV test for the electro-oxidation of methanol in alkaline media without any significant microstructural changes. The high surface area, better Ni-Co species integration in the zeolite, and the ample amount of surface hydroxyl groups contribute to highly dispersed active sites and quick analyte diffusion, which provide notable MOR kinetics. Thus, this study will open up new possibilities to develop a noble metal-free zeolite-based electrocatalyst due to its simple synthesis steps, large-scale fabrication, improved stability, and efficient activity for DMFC application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20media" title="alkaline media">alkaline media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bimetallic" title=" bimetallic"> bimetallic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encapsulation" title=" encapsulation"> encapsulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanol%20oxidation%20reaction" title=" methanol oxidation reaction"> methanol oxidation reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LTA%20zeolite." title=" LTA zeolite."> LTA zeolite.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179361/zeolite-4a-confined-ni-co-nanocluster-an-efficient-and-durable-electrocatalyst-for-alkaline-methanol-oxidation-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8649</span> Surface Display of Lipase on Yarrowia lipolytica Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evgeniya%20Y.%20Yuzbasheva">Evgeniya Y. Yuzbasheva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tigran%20V.%20Yuzbashev"> Tigran V. Yuzbashev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20I.%20Perkovskaya"> Natalia I. Perkovskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizaveta%20B.%20Mostova"> Elizaveta B. Mostova </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cell-surface display of lipase is of great interest as it has many applications in the field of biotechnology owing to its unique advantages: simplified product purification, and cost-effective downstream processing. One promising area of application for whole-cell biocatalysts with surface displayed lipase is biodiesel synthesis. Biodiesel is biodegradable, renewable, and nontoxic alternative fuel for diesel engines. Although the alkaline catalysis method has been widely used for biodiesel production, it has a number of limitations, such as rigorous feedstock specifications, complicated downstream processes, including removal of inorganic salts from the product, recovery of the salt-containing by-product glycerol, and treatment of alkaline wastewater. Enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel can overcome these drawbacks. In this study, Lip2p lipase was displayed on Yarrowia lipolytica cells via C- and N-terminal fusion variant. The active site of lipase is located near the C-terminus, therefore to prevent the activity loosing the insertion of glycine-serine linker between Lip2p and C-domains was performed. The hydrolytic activity of the displayed lipase reached 12,000–18,000 U/g of dry weight. However, leakage of enzyme from the cell wall was observed. In case of C-terminal fusion variant, the leakage was occurred due to the proteolytic cleavage within the linker peptide. In case of N-terminal fusion variant, the leaking enzyme was presented as three proteins, one of which corresponded to the whole hybrid protein. The calculated number of recombinant enzyme displayed on the cell surface is approximately 6–9 × 105 molecules per cell, which is close to the theoretical maximum (2 × 106 molecules/cell). Thus, we attribute the enzyme leakage to the limited space available on the cell surface. Nevertheless, cell-bound lipase exhibited greater stability to short-term and long-term temperature treatment than the native enzyme. It retained 74% of original activity at 60°C for 5 min of incubation, and 83% of original activity after incubation at 50°C during 5 h. Cell-bound lipase had also higher stability in organic solvents and detergents. The developed whole-cell biocatalyst was used for recycling biodiesel synthesis. Two repeated cycles of methanolysis yielded 84.1–% and 71.0–% methyl esters after 33–h and 45–h reactions, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title="biodiesel">biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell-surface%20display" title=" cell-surface display"> cell-surface display</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipase" title=" lipase"> lipase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whole-cell%20biocatalyst" title=" whole-cell biocatalyst"> whole-cell biocatalyst</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22906/surface-display-of-lipase-on-yarrowia-lipolytica-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8648</span> Synthesis and Characterisation of Different Blends of Virgin Polyethylene Modified by Naturel Fibres Alfa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benalia%20Kouini">Benalia Kouini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The basic idea of this study is to promote a polyethylene recycle and local vegetable fiber (alfa) in the development and characterization of a new composite material. In this work, different sizes of fiber alfa (<63 microns, between 63 and 125 microns, 125 and 250 microns) were incorporated into the blends (HDPE / recycled HDPE) with different methods elaboration (extruder twin-screw and twin-cylinder mixer). The fiber was modified by sodium hydroxide in order to evaluate the effect of alkaline treatment on the interfacial adhesion and therefore the properties of composites prepared. These were characterized by various techniques: mechanical (tensile and Charpy impact test), Rheological (melt flow), morphological (SEM). The demonstration of the effect of alkali treatment on alfa fiber was examined by FTIR spectroscopy and morphological analysis. The introduction of alfa treated fiber in the (HDPE/recycled HDPE) increased stress, impact strength and Young's modulus on the contrary, the elongation at break decreased. The results of the mechanical properties showed an improvement is better in extrusion twin-screw mixer than two cylinders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naturel%20fiber" title="naturel fiber">naturel fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alfa" title=" alfa"> alfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blends" title=" blends"> blends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene" title=" polyethylene"> polyethylene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125285/synthesis-and-characterisation-of-different-blends-of-virgin-polyethylene-modified-by-naturel-fibres-alfa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8647</span> Production and Mechanical Properties of Alkali–Activated Inorganic Binders Made from Wastes Solids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonia%20Vanessa%20Campos%20Moreira">Sonia Vanessa Campos Moreira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this research is the production and mechanical properties of Alkali-Activated Inorganic Binders (AAIB) made from The Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag (BOF Slag) and Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display (TFT-LCD), glass powder (waste and industrial by-products). Many factors have an influence on the production of AAIB like the glass powder finesses, the alkaline equivalent content (AE %), water binder ratios (w/b ratios) and the differences curing process. The findings show different behavior in the AAIB related to the factors mentioned, the best results are given with a glass powder fineness of 4,500 cm²/g, w/b=0.30, a curing temperature of 70 ℃, curing duration of 4 days and an aging duration of 14 days results in the highest compressive strength of 18.51 MPa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20activators" title="alkaline activators">alkaline activators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BOF%20slag" title=" BOF slag"> BOF slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20powder%20fineness" title=" glass powder fineness"> glass powder fineness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TFT-LCD" title=" TFT-LCD"> TFT-LCD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=w%2Fb%20ratios" title=" w/b ratios"> w/b ratios</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90391/production-and-mechanical-properties-of-alkali-activated-inorganic-binders-made-from-wastes-solids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8646</span> Effects of Alkaline Pretreatment Parameters on the Corrosion Resistance and ‎Wettability of Magnesium Implant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahtab%20Assadian">Mahtab Assadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Hasbullah%20Idris"> Mohd Hasbullah Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Rezazadeh%20Shirdar"> Mostafa Rezazadeh Shirdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mahdi%20Taheri"> Mohammad Mahdi Taheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%80%8ES.%20Izman"> ‎S. Izman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corrosion behaviour and surface roughness of magnesium substrate were investigated after NaOH pretreatment in different concentrations (1, 5, and 10 molar) and duration of (10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h). Creation of Mg(OH)2 barrier layer after pretreatment enhanced corrostion resistance as well as wettability of substrate surface. Characterization including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted to detect the existence of this barrier layer. Surface roughness and wettability of substrate was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurement respectively. It is found that magnesium treated by 1M NaOH for 30 min reveals higher corrosion resistance and lower water contact angle of substrate surface. In addition, this investigation indicates that pH value of SBF solution is strongly influenced by different time and concentration of alkaline pretreatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium" title="magnesium">magnesium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaOH%20pretreatment" title=" NaOH pretreatment"> NaOH pretreatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20resistance" title=" corrosion resistance"> corrosion resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wettability" title=" wettability"> wettability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14548/effects-of-alkaline-pretreatment-parameters-on-the-corrosion-resistance-and-wettability-of-magnesium-implant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">965</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8645</span> Facile, Cost Effective and Green Synthesis of Graphene in Alkaline Aqueous Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Illyas%20Isa">Illyas Isa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nur%20Akmar%20Mohd%20Yazid"> Siti Nur Akmar Mohd Yazid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhayati%20Hashim"> Norhayati Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report a simple, green and cost effective synthesis of graphene via chemical reduction of graphene oxide in alkaline aqueous solution. Extensive characterizations have been studied to confirm the formation of graphene in sodium carbonate solution. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical properties of the prepared graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode using potassium ferricyanide as a redox probe. Based on the result, with the addition of graphene to the glassy carbon electrode the current flow increases and the peak also broadens as compared to graphite and graphene oxide. This method is fast, cost effective, and green as nontoxic solvents are used which will not result in contamination of the products. Thus, this method can serve for the preparation of graphene which can be effectively used in sensors, electronic devices and supercapacitors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20reduction" title="chemical reduction">chemical reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical" title=" electrochemical"> electrochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20synthesis" title=" green synthesis"> green synthesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45193/facile-cost-effective-and-green-synthesis-of-graphene-in-alkaline-aqueous-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8644</span> Environmental Engineering Case Study of Waste Water Treatement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harold%20Jideofor">Harold Jideofor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wastewater treatment consists of applying known technology to improve or upgrade the quality of a wastewater. Usually wastewater treatment will involve collecting the wastewater in a central, segregated location (the Wastewater Treatment Plant) and subjecting the wastewater to various treatment processes. Most often, since large volumes of wastewater are involved, treatment processes are carried out on continuously flowing wastewaters (continuous flow or "open" systems) rather than as "batch" or a series of periodic treatment processes in which treatment is carried out on parcels or "batches" of wastewaters. While most wastewater treatment processes are continuous flow, certain operations, such as vacuum filtration, involving storage of sludge, the addition of chemicals, filtration and removal or disposal of the treated sludge, are routinely handled as periodic batch operations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20treatment" title="wastewater treatment">wastewater treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20engineering" title=" environmental engineering"> environmental engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20water" title=" waste water"> waste water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14980/environmental-engineering-case-study-of-waste-water-treatement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">594</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8643</span> Alkali Activated Materials Based on Natural Clay from Raciszyn</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Lach">Michal Lach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Hebdowska-Krupa"> Maria Hebdowska-Krupa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justyna%20Stefanek"> Justyna Stefanek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artur%20Stanek"> Artur Stanek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Stefanska"> Anna Stefanska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janusz%20Mikula"> Janusz Mikula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marek%20Hebda"> Marek Hebda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Limited resources of raw materials determine the necessity of obtaining materials from other sources. In this area, the most known and widespread are recycling processes, which are mainly focused on the reuse of material. Another possible solution used in various companies to achieve improvement in sustainable development is waste-free production. It involves the production exclusively from such materials, whose waste is included in the group of renewable raw materials. This means that they can: (i) be recycled directly during the manufacturing process of further products or (ii) be raw material obtained by other companies for the production of alternative products. The article presents the possibility of using post-production clay from the Jurassic limestone deposit "Raciszyn II" as a raw material for the production of alkali activated materials (AAM). Such products are currently increasingly used, mostly in various building applications. However, their final properties depend significantly on many factors; the most important of them are: chemical composition of the raw material, particle size, specific surface area, type and concentration of the activator and the temperature range of the heat treatment. Conducted mineralogical and chemical analyzes of clay from the “Raciszyn II” deposit confirmed that this material, due to its high content of aluminosilicates, can be used as raw material for the production of AAM. In order to obtain the product with the best properties, the optimization of the clay calcining process was also carried out. Based on the obtained results, it was found that this process should occur in the range between 750 oC and 800 oC. The use of a lower temperature causes getting a raw material with low metakaolin content which is the main component of materials suitable for alkaline activation processes. On the other hand, higher heat treatment temperatures cause thermal dissociation of large amounts of calcite, which is associated with the release of large amounts of CO2 and the formation of calcium oxide. This compound significantly accelerates the binding process, which consequently often prevents the correct formation of geopolymer mass. The effect of the use of various activators: (i) NaOH, (ii) KOH and (iii) a mixture of KOH to NaOH in a ratio of 10%, 25% and 50% by volume on the compressive strength of the AAM was also analyzed. Obtained results depending on the activator used were in the range from 25 MPa to 40 MPa. These values are comparable with the results obtained for materials produced on the basis of Portland cement, which is one of the most popular building materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20activation" title="alkaline activation">alkaline activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminosilicates" title=" aluminosilicates"> aluminosilicates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcination" title=" calcination"> calcination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97862/alkali-activated-materials-based-on-natural-clay-from-raciszyn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8642</span> Review on Optimization of Drinking Water Treatment Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Farhaoui">M. Farhaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Derraz"> M. Derraz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the drinking water treatment processes, the optimization of the treatment is an issue of particular concern. In general, the process consists of many units as settling, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. The optimization of the process consists of some measures to decrease the managing and monitoring expenses and improve the quality of the produced water. The objective of this study is to provide water treatment operators with methods and practices that enable to attain the most effective use of the facility and, in consequence, optimize the of the cubic meter price of the treated water. This paper proposes a review on optimization of drinking water treatment process by analyzing all of the water treatment units and gives some solutions in order to maximize the water treatment performances without compromising the water quality standards. Some solutions and methods are performed in the water treatment plant located in the middle of Morocco (Meknes). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coagulation%20process" title="coagulation process">coagulation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbidity%20removal" title=" turbidity removal"> turbidity removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44937/review-on-optimization-of-drinking-water-treatment-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8641</span> Haemobiogram after Intramuscular Administration of Amoxicillin to Sheep</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amer%20Elgerwi">Amer Elgerwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelrazzag%20El-Magdoub"> Abdelrazzag El-Magdoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakr%20El-Mahmoudy"> Abubakr El-Mahmoudy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are many bacterial infections affecting sheep that necessitates antibiotic intervention. Amoxicillin is among commonly used antibiotics in such case for its broad spectrum of activity. However, the side alterations in blood and organ function that may be associated during or after treatment are questionable. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the possible alterations in blood parameters and organ function bio markers of sheep that may occur following intramuscular injection of amoxicillin. Amoxicillin has been administered intramuscularly to 10 sheep at a dosage regimen of 7 mg/kg of body weight for 5 successive days. Two types of blood samples (with and without anticoagulant) were collected from the jugular vein pre- and post-administration of the drug. Amoxicillin significantly (P < 0.001) increased total leukocyte count and (P < 0.05) absolute eosinophilic count when compared with those of the control samples. Aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the corresponding control values. In addition, amoxicillin significantly (P < 0.05) increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine but decreased phosphorus level when compared with those of prior-administration samples. These data may indicate that although the side changes caused by amoxicillin are minor in sheep, yet the liver and kidney functions should be monitored during its usage in therapy and it should be used with care for treatment of sheep with renal and/or hepatic impairments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amoxicillin" title="amoxicillin">amoxicillin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogram" title=" biogram"> biogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haemogram" title=" haemogram"> haemogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheep" title=" sheep"> sheep</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18291/haemobiogram-after-intramuscular-administration-of-amoxicillin-to-sheep" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8640</span> Distribution and Characterization of Thermal Springs in Northern Oman</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Al%20Shidi">Fahad Al Shidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reginald%20Victor"> Reginald Victor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted in Northern Oman to assess the physical and chemical characteristics of 40 thermal springs distributed in Al Hajar Mountains in northern Oman. Physical measurements of water samples were carried out in two main seasons in Oman (winter and summer 2019). Studied springs were classified into three groups based on water temperature, four groups based on water pH values and two groups based on conductivity. Ten thermal alkaline springs that originated in Ophiolite (Samail Napp) were dominated by high pH (> 11), elevated concentration of Cl- and Na+ ions, relatively low temperature and discharge ratio. Other springs in the Hajar Super Group massif recorded high concentrations of Ca<sup>2</sup>+ and SO<sup>2-</sup><sub>4</sub> ions controlled by rock dominance, geochemistry processes, and mineralization. There was only one spring which has brackish water with very high conductivity (5500 µs/cm) and Total Dissolved Solids and it is not suitable for irrigation purposes because of the high abundance of Na+, Cl−, and Ca<sup>2</sup>+ ions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20springs" title="alkaline springs">alkaline springs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geothermal" title=" geothermal"> geothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HSG" title=" HSG"> HSG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ophiolite" title=" ophiolite"> ophiolite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131791/distribution-and-characterization-of-thermal-springs-in-northern-oman" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131791.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8639</span> A Fast Method for Graphene-Supported Pd-Co Nanostructures as Catalyst toward Ethanol Oxidation in Alkaline Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Shafiee%20Kisomi">Amir Shafiee Kisomi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrdad%20Mofidi"> Mehrdad Mofidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, fuel cells as a promising alternative for power source have been widely studied owing to their security, high energy density, low operation temperatures, renewable capability and low environmental pollutant emission. The nanoparticles of core-shell type could be widely described in a combination of a shell (outer layer material) and a core (inner material), and their characteristics are greatly conditional on dimensions and composition of the core and shell. In addition, the change in the constituting materials or the ratio of core to the shell can create their special noble characteristics. In this study, a fast technique for the fabrication of a Pd-Co/G/GCE modified electrode is offered. Thermal decomposition reaction of cobalt (II) formate salt over the surface of graphene/glassy carbon electrode (G/GCE) is utilized for the synthesis of Co nanoparticles. The nanoparticles of Pd-Co decorated on the graphene are created based on the following method: (1) Thermal decomposition reaction of cobalt (II) formate salt and (2) the galvanic replacement process Co by Pd2+. The physical and electrochemical performances of the as-prepared Pd-Co/G electrocatalyst are studied by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Chronoamperometry (CHA). Galvanic replacement method is utilized as a facile and spontaneous approach for growth of Pd nanostructures. The Pd-Co/G is used as an anode catalyst for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media. The Pd-Co/G not only delivered much higher current density (262.3 mAcm-2) compared to the Pd/C (32.1 mAcm-2) catalyst, but also demonstrated a negative shift of the onset oxidation potential (-0.480 vs -0.460 mV) in the forward sweep. Moreover, the novel Pd-Co/G electrocatalyst represents large electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), lower apparent activation energy (Ea), higher levels of durability and poisoning tolerance compared to the Pd/C catalyst. The paper demonstrates that the catalytic activity and stability of Pd-Co/G electrocatalyst are higher than those of the Pd/C electrocatalyst toward ethanol oxidation in alkaline media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20decomposition" title="thermal decomposition">thermal decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructures" title=" nanostructures"> nanostructures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=galvanic%20replacement" title=" galvanic replacement"> galvanic replacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocatalyst" title=" electrocatalyst"> electrocatalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol%20oxidation" title=" ethanol oxidation"> ethanol oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20media" title=" alkaline media"> alkaline media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95946/a-fast-method-for-graphene-supported-pd-co-nanostructures-as-catalyst-toward-ethanol-oxidation-in-alkaline-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8638</span> Petrogenesis of Harrat Al-Rufa'yat Basaltic Field and the Associated Volcano-Group, NE-Jordan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Al-Fugha">Hassan Al-Fugha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Pleistocene volcanism in northeastern Jordan is represented by basaltic scoria, cones and flows and covers approximately 12.000 km². Geochemical parameters such as Mg/Mg+Fe+2 and high Ti contents indicate that the corresponding magmas are of primary origin. Trace elements of primary magma show low variable abundances of compatible and incompatible elements, which reflect a homogenous source. They are under-saturated with respect to its silica content. These volcanic rocks belong to the alkaline to sub-alkaline rocks series. The rocks are mainly alkali basalts containing 46.1-50.0 wt.% SiO2 and 2.6-4.8 wt.% alkali oxides. Mantle xenoliths entrained in late Cenozoic volcanic rocks erupted throughout northeastern Jordan provide information about the evolution of the Lithospheric mantle, which could represent a potential source for Arabian intraplate volcanism. Xenoliths carried to the surface by magma in Northeast Jordan did not equilibrate with the melts, indicating that the transport from the mantle to the surface was rapid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrogenesis" title="petrogenesis">petrogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volcano-group" title=" volcano-group"> volcano-group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harrat%20Al-Rufa%27yat" title=" Harrat Al-Rufa'yat"> Harrat Al-Rufa'yat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NE-Jordan" title=" NE-Jordan"> NE-Jordan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/196121/petrogenesis-of-harrat-al-rufayat-basaltic-field-and-the-associated-volcano-group-ne-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/196121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8637</span> The Effect of Extrusion Processing on Solubility and Molecular Weight of Water-Soluble Arabinoxylan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulmannan%20Fadel">Abdulmannan Fadel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arabinoxylan is a non-starch polysaccharide (NSP), which is one of the most important polysaccharides contained within cereal grains. Wheat endosperm pentosan and rice bran contain a significant amount of arabinoxylan (7% in rice bran and 10-12% in wheat endosperm pentosan). Several methods have been used for arabinoxylan extraction with varying degrees of success e.g. enzymatic and alkaline treatment. Yet, the use of extrusion alone as a pre-treatment to increase the yield and reduce the molecular weight in wheat endosperm pentosan and rice bran has not been investigated. The samples (wheat pentosan and rice bran) were extruded using a Twin-screw extruder at a range of screw speeds (80 and 160 rpm) and barrel temperatures range (80 to 140°C) with a throughput of 30 Kg hr-1 and moisture content of 25%. Arabinoxylans were extracted with water and the extraction yield and molecular weight was determined using size exclusion high-pressure liquid chromatography system. It was found that increasing screw speed from 80 rpm to 160 rpm, did not effect the extraction yield (p < 0.05) of arabinoxylan from either the wheat endosperm pentosan or the rice bran. However, the molecular weight of the extracted arabinoxylans from pentosan was found to decrease with increasing screw speed in wheat endosperm pentosan. These low molecular weight arabinoxylans have been suggested as immunomodulators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arabinoxylans" title="arabinoxylans">arabinoxylans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrusion" title=" extrusion"> extrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat%20endosperm%20pentosan" title=" wheat endosperm pentosan"> wheat endosperm pentosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20bran" title=" rice bran"> rice bran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31928/the-effect-of-extrusion-processing-on-solubility-and-molecular-weight-of-water-soluble-arabinoxylan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8636</span> In vitro Investigation of Genotoxic and Antigenotoxic Properties of Gunnera perpensa Roots Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20H.%20Mfengwana">P. H. Mfengwana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Mashele"> S. S. Mashele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Verschaeve"> L. Verschaeve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Anthonissen"> R. Anthonissen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20T.%20Manduna"> I. T. Manduna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gunnera perpensa is traditionally used mostly by women for the treatment of different gynaecological related conditions due to its proven uterine contractility effects. The uses of this plant include menstrual pain relief, treatment of infertility and promotion of easy labour. However, even though this plant species has been reported to possess numerous medicinal properties, to author’s best knowledge, its safety has not been investigated. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of Gunnera perpensa aqueous, methanol and dichloromethane extracts. The in vitro toxicity of the plant extracts was assessed with the neutral red uptake (NRU) test. Genotoxic and antigenotoxic properties of Gunnera perpensa were investigated using high-throughput assays: bacterial Vitotox test and the alkaline comet assay with and without S9 activation on human C3A cells. Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) and 4-nitroquinoline-oxide (4-NQO) were used as positive controls, respectively. All extracts showed toxicity in a dose-dependent manner; however, that does not mean they were all genotoxic. Methanol extract did show genotoxicity with S9 (metabolism) only at the highest concentration of 500 µg/ml due to increased DNA damage observed, however, no genotoxicity was observed from other concentrations. Therefore, the results show that Gunnera perpensa extracts are genotoxic and not safe for human use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antigenotoxicity" title="antigenotoxicity">antigenotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comet%20test" title=" comet test"> comet test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotoxicity" title=" genotoxicity"> genotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gunnera%20perpensa" title=" Gunnera perpensa"> Gunnera perpensa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitotox%20assay" title=" vitotox assay"> vitotox assay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100204/in-vitro-investigation-of-genotoxic-and-antigenotoxic-properties-of-gunnera-perpensa-roots-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8635</span> Mechanical Properties of Waste Clay Brick Based Geopolymer Cured at Various Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shihab%20Ibrahim">Shihab Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geopolymer binders as an alternative binder system to ordinary Portland cement are the focus of the past 2 decades of researches. In order to eliminate CO2 emission by cement manufacturing and utilizing construction waste as a source material, clean waste clay bricks which are the waste from Levent Brick factory was activated with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution. 12 molarity of sodium hydroxide solution was used and the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide was 2.5. Alkaline solution to clay brick powder ratio of 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, and 0.5 was studied. Alkaline solution to powder ratio of 0.4 was found to be optimum ratio to have the same workability as ordinary Portland cement paste. Compressive strength of the clay brick based geopolymer paste samples was evaluated under different curing temperatures and curing durations. One day compressive strength of 57.3 MPa after curing at 85C for 24 hours was obtained which was higher than 7 days compressive strength of ordinary Portland cement paste. The highest compressive strength 71.4 MPa was achieved at seventh day age for the geopolymer paste samples cured at 85C for 24 hours. It was found that 8 hour curing at elevated temperature 85C, is sufficient to get 96% of total strength. 37.4 MPa strength at seventh day of clay brick based geopolymer sample cured at room temperature was achieved. Water absorption around 10% was found for clay brick based geopolymer samples cured at different temperatures with compare to 9.14% water absorption of ordinary Portland cement paste. The clay brick based geopolymer binder can have the potentiality to be used as an alternative binder to Portland cement in a case that the heat treatment provided. Further studies are needed in order to produce the binder in a way that can harden and gain strength without any elevated curing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20and%20demolition%20waste" title="construction and demolition waste">construction and demolition waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer" title=" geopolymer"> geopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20brick" title=" clay brick"> clay brick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength." title=" compressive strength."> compressive strength.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43106/mechanical-properties-of-waste-clay-brick-based-geopolymer-cured-at-various-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43106.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8634</span> Comparative Study on the Effect of Substitution of Li and Mg Instead of Ca on Structural and Biological Behaviors of Silicate Bioactive Glass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Arab">Alireza Arab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Elsa"> Morteza Elsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirhossein%20Moghanian"> Amirhossein Moghanian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, experiments were carried out to achieve a promising multifunctional and modified silicate based bioactive glass (BG). The main aim of the study was investigating the effect of lithium (Li) and magnesium (Mg) substitution, on <em>in vitro</em> bioactivity of substituted-58S BG. Moreover, it is noteworthy to state that modified BGs were synthesized in 60SiO<sub>2</sub>–(36-x)CaO–4P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>–(x)Li<sub>2</sub>O and 60SiO<sub>2</sub>–(36-x)CaO–4P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>–(x)MgO (where x = 0, 5, 10 mol.%) quaternary systems, by sol-gel method. Their performance was investigated through different aspects such as biocompatibility, antibacterial activity as well as their effect on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and proliferation of MC3T3 cells. The antibacterial efficiency was evaluated against methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> bacteria. To do so, CaO was substituted with Li<sub>2</sub>O and MgO up to 10 mol % in 58S-BGs and then samples were immersed in simulated body fluid up to 14 days and then, characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that this modification led to a retarding effect on <em>in vitro</em> hydroxyapatite (HA) formation due to the lower supersaturation degree for nucleation of HA compared with 58s-BG. Meanwhile, magnesium revealed further pronounced effect. The 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and ALP analysis illustrated that substitutions of both Li<sub>2</sub>O and MgO, up to 5 mol %, had increasing effect on biocompatibility and stimulating proliferation of the pre-osteoblast MC3T3 cells in comparison to the control specimen. Regarding to bactericidal efficiency, the substitution of either Li or Mg for Ca in the 58s BG composition led to statistically significant difference in antibacterial behaviors of substituted-BGs. Meanwhile, the sample containing 5 mol % CaO/Li<sub>2</sub>O substitution (BG-5L) was selected as a multifunctional biomaterial in bone repair/regeneration due to the improved biocompatibility, enhanced ALP activity and antibacterial efficiency among all of the synthesized L-BGs and M-BGs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline" title="alkaline">alkaline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20earth" title=" alkaline earth"> alkaline earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactivity" title=" bioactivity"> bioactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20applications" title=" biomedical applications"> biomedical applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20processes" title=" sol-gel processes"> sol-gel processes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130883/comparative-study-on-the-effect-of-substitution-of-li-and-mg-instead-of-ca-on-structural-and-biological-behaviors-of-silicate-bioactive-glass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8633</span> Mn3O4-NiFe Layered Double Hydroxides(LDH)/Carbon Composite Cathode for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Battery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20K.%20Nivedha">L. K. Nivedha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Maruthapandian"> V. Maruthapandian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Kothandaraman"> R. Kothandaraman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZAB) are gaining significant research attention owing to their high energy density and copious zinc resources worldwide. However, the unsolved obstacles such as dendrites, passivation, depth of discharge and the lack of an efficient cathode catalyst restrict their practical application1. By and large, non-noble transition metal-based catalysts are well-reputed materials for catalysing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with greater stability in alkaline medium2. Herein, we report the synthesis and application of Mn₃O4-NiFeLDH/Carbon composite as a cathode catalyst for rechargeable ZAB. The synergetic effects of the mixed transition metals (Mn/Ni/Fe) have aided in catalysing ORR and OER in alkaline electrolyte with a shallow potential gap of 0.7 V. The composite, by its distinctive physicochemical characteristics, shows an excellent OER activity with a current density of 1.5 mA cm⁻² at a potential of 1.6 V and a superior ORR activity with an onset potential of 0.8 V when compared with their counterparts. Nevertheless, the catalyst prefers a two-electron pathway for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen which results in a limiting current density of 2.5 mA cm⁻². The bifunctional activity of the Mn₃O₄-NiFeLDH/Carbon composite was utilized in developing rechargeable ZAB. The fully fabricated ZAB delivers an open circuit voltage of 1.4 V, a peak power density of 70 mW cm⁻², and a specific capacity of 800 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 20 mA cm⁻² with an average discharge voltage of 1 V and the cell is operable upto 50 mA cm-2. Rechargeable ZAB demonstrated over 110 h at 10 mA cm⁻². Further, the cause for the diminished charge-discharge performance experienced beyond the 100th cycle was investigated, and carbon corrosion was testified using Infrared spectroscopy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rechargeable%20zinc-air%20battery" title="rechargeable zinc-air battery">rechargeable zinc-air battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20evolution%20reaction" title=" oxygen evolution reaction"> oxygen evolution reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bifunctional%20catalyst" title=" bifunctional catalyst"> bifunctional catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20medium" title=" alkaline medium"> alkaline medium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167265/mn3o4-nife-layered-double-hydroxidesldhcarbon-composite-cathode-for-rechargeable-zinc-air-battery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8632</span> Radiation Induced DNA Damage and Its Modification by Herbal Preparation of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (SBL-1): An in vitro and in vivo Study in Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anuranjani%20Kumar">Anuranjani Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhu%20Bala"> Madhu Bala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ionising radiation exposure induces generation of free radicals and the oxidative DNA damage. SBL-1, a radioprotective leaf extract prepared from leaves Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Common name; Seabuckthorn), showed > 90% survival in mice population that was treated with lethal dose (10 Gy) of ⁶⁰Co gamma irradiation. In this study, early effects of pre-treatment with or without SBL-1 in blood peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBMCs) were investigated by cell viability assays (trypan blue and MTT). The quantitative in vitro study of Hoescht/PI staining was performed to check the apoptosis/necrosis in PBMCs irradiated at 2 Gy with or without pretreatment of SBL-1 (at different concentrations) up to 24 and 48h. Comet assay was performed in vivo, to detect the DNA strands breaks and its repair mechanism on peripheral blood lymphocytes at lethal dose (10 Gy). For this study, male mice (wt. 28 ± 2g) were administered radioprotective dose (30mg/kg body weight) of SBL-1, 30 min prior to irradiation. Animals were sacrificed at 24h and 48h. Blood was drawn through cardiac puncture, and blood lymphocytes were separated using histopaque column. Both neutral and alkaline comet assay were performed using standardized technique. In irradiated animals, alkaline comet assay revealed single strand breaks (SSBs) that showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in percent DNA in tail and Olive tail moment (OTM) at 24 h while at 48h the percent DNA in tail further increased significantly (p < 0.02). The double strands breaks (DSBs) increased significantly (p < 0.01) at 48 h in neutral assay, in comparison to untreated control. The animals pre-treated with SBL-1 before irradiation showed significantly (p < 0.05) less DSBs at 48 h treatment in comparison to irradiated group of animals. The SBL-1 alone treated group itself showed no toxicity. The antioxidant potential of SBL-1 were also investigated by in vitro biochemical assays such as DPPH (p < 0.05), ABTS, reducing ability (p < 0.09), hydroxyl radical scavenging (p < 0.05), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), superoxide radical scavenging activity (p < 0.05), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (p < 0.05) etc. SBL-1 showed strong free radical scavenging power that plays important role in the studies of radiation-induced injuries. The SBL-1 treated PBMCs showed significant (p < 0.02) viability in trypan blue assay at 24-hour incubation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation" title="radiation">radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SBL-1" title=" SBL-1"> SBL-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSBs" title=" SSBs"> SSBs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSBs" title=" DSBs"> DSBs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRAP" title=" FRAP"> FRAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PBMCs" title=" PBMCs"> PBMCs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84966/radiation-induced-dna-damage-and-its-modification-by-herbal-preparation-of-hippophae-rhamnoides-l-sbl-1-an-in-vitro-and-in-vivo-study-in-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20treatment&page=2" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20treatment&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20treatment&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">3</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20treatment&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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