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searchaux" style="display:none">Operating system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Berkeley Timesharing System</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Discontinued</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">Available in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Data_Systems" title="Scientific Data Systems">Scientific Data Systems</a>' <a href="/wiki/SDS_940" title="SDS 940">SDS 940</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Berkeley Timesharing System</b> was a pioneering <a href="/wiki/Time-sharing" title="Time-sharing">time-sharing</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> implemented between 1964 and 1967 at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>. It was designed as part of <a href="/wiki/Project_Genie" title="Project Genie">Project Genie</a> and marketed by <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Data_Systems" title="Scientific Data Systems">Scientific Data Systems</a> for the <a href="/wiki/SDS_940" title="SDS 940">SDS 940</a> computer system. It was the first commercial time-sharing which allowed general-purpose user programming, including <a href="/wiki/Machine_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine language">machine language</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkeley_Timesharing_System&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the mid-1960s, most computers used <a href="/wiki/Batch_processing" title="Batch processing">batch processing</a>: one user at a time with no interactivity. A few pioneering systems such as the <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Supervisor" title="Atlas Supervisor">Atlas Supervisor</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compatible_Time-Sharing_System" title="Compatible Time-Sharing System">Compatible Time-Sharing System</a> at <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Time-Sharing_System" title="Dartmouth Time-Sharing System">Dartmouth Time-Sharing System</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> required large expensive machines. Implementation started in 1964 with the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/SDS_930" title="SDS 930">SDS 930</a> which was modified slightly, and an operating system was written from scratch.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Students who worked on the Berkeley Timesharing System included undergraduates <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Thacker" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuck Thacker">Chuck Thacker</a> and <a href="/wiki/L._Peter_Deutsch" title="L. Peter Deutsch">L. Peter Deutsch</a> and doctoral student <a href="/wiki/Butler_Lampson" title="Butler Lampson">Butler Lampson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The heart of the system was the Monitor (roughly what is now usually called a <a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">kernel</a>) and the Executive (roughly what is now usually called a <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-soft68_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soft68-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the system was working, <a href="/wiki/Max_Palevsky" title="Max Palevsky">Max Palevsky</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Data_Systems" title="Scientific Data Systems">Scientific Data Systems</a>, was at first not interested in selling it as a product. He thought timesharing had no commercial demand. However, as other customers expressed interest, it was put on the SDS pricelist as an expensive variant of the 930.<sup id="cite_ref-dealer_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dealer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By November 1967 it was being sold commercially as the <a href="/wiki/SDS_940" title="SDS 940">SDS 940</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By August 1968 a version 2.0 was announced that was just called the "SDS 940 Time-Sharing System".<sup id="cite_ref-soft68_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soft68-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other timesharing systems were generally one-of-a-kind systems, or limited to a single application (such as teaching <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_BASIC" title="Dartmouth BASIC">Dartmouth BASIC</a>). The 940 was the first to allow for general-purpose programming, and sold about 60 units: not large by today's standards, but it was a significant part of SDS' revenues.<sup id="cite_ref-dealer_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dealer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One customer was <a href="/wiki/BBN_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="BBN Technologies">Bolt, Beranek and Newman</a>. The <a href="/wiki/TENEX_(operating_system)" title="TENEX (operating system)">TENEX</a> operating system for the <a href="/wiki/PDP-10" title="PDP-10">PDP-10</a> mainframe computer used many features of the SDS 940 Time-Sharing System system, but extended the <a href="/wiki/Memory_management" title="Memory management">memory management</a> to include <a href="/wiki/Demand_paging" title="Demand paging">demand paging</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some concepts of the operating system also influenced the design of <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>, whose designer <a href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson" title="Ken Thompson">Ken Thompson</a> worked on the SDS 940 while at Berkeley. The <a href="/wiki/QED_(text_editor)" title="QED (text editor)">QED</a> <a href="/wiki/Text_editor" title="Text editor">text editor</a> was first implemented by Butler Lampson and L. Peter Deutsch for the Berkeley Timesharing System in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another major customer was <a href="/wiki/Tymshare" title="Tymshare">Tymshare</a>, who used the system to become the USA's best known commercial timesharing service in the late 1960s. By 1972, Tymshare alone had 23 systems in operation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkeley_Timesharing_System&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_operating_systems" title="Timeline of operating systems">Timeline of operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-sharing_system_evolution" title="Time-sharing system evolution">Time-sharing system evolution</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkeley_Timesharing_System&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Spinrad_and_Patti_Meagher" class="citation web cs1">Paul Spinrad and Patti Meagher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719144454/http://coe.berkeley.edu/news-center/publications/forefront/archive/forefront-fall-2007/features/berkeley2019s-piece-of-the-computer-revolution">"Project Genie: Berkeley's piece of the computer revolution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> Engineering. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coe.berkeley.edu/news-center/publications/forefront/archive/forefront-fall-2007/features/berkeley2019s-piece-of-the-computer-revolution">the original</a> on 2011-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Project+Genie%3A+Berkeley%27s+piece+of+the+computer+revolution&rft.pub=University+of+California%2C+Berkeley+Engineering&rft.au=Paul+Spinrad+and+Patti+Meagher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcoe.berkeley.edu%2Fnews-center%2Fpublications%2Fforefront%2Farchive%2Fforefront-fall-2007%2Ffeatures%2Fberkeley2019s-piece-of-the-computer-revolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerkeley+Timesharing+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.microsoft.com/lampson/Systems.html">Butler Lampson - Systems</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-soft68-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-soft68_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-soft68_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.org/pdf/sds/9xx/940/901116B_940_TimesharingTechMan_Aug68.pdf"><i>SDS 940 Time-Sharing System (Version 2.0) Technical Manual</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Santa Monica, California: Scientific Data Systems. August 1968<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SDS+940+Time-Sharing+System+%28Version+2.0%29+Technical+Manual&rft.place=Santa+Monica%2C+California&rft.pub=Scientific+Data+Systems&rft.date=1968-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbitsavers.org%2Fpdf%2Fsds%2F9xx%2F940%2F901116B_940_TimesharingTechMan_Aug68.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerkeley+Timesharing+System" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dealer-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dealer_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dealer_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_A._Hiltzik2000" class="citation book cs1">Michael A. Hiltzik (April 4, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lzgOduibRJgC"><i>The Dealers of Lightning: Xerox PARC and the Dawn of the Computer Age</i></a>. HarperCollins. pp. 18–20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88730-989-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-88730-989-5"><bdi>0-88730-989-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dealers+of+Lightning%3A+Xerox+PARC+and+the+Dawn+of+the+Computer+Age&rft.pages=18-20&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2000-04-04&rft.isbn=0-88730-989-5&rft.au=Michael+A.+Hiltzik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlzgOduibRJgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerkeley+Timesharing+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.org/pdf/sds/9xx/940/901116A_940_TimesharingTechMan_Nov67.pdf"><i>SDS 940 Time-Sharing System Technical Manual</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Santa Monica, California: Scientific Data Systems. November 1967<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SDS+940+Time-Sharing+System+Technical+Manual&rft.place=Santa+Monica%2C+California&rft.pub=Scientific+Data+Systems&rft.date=1967-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbitsavers.org%2Fpdf%2Fsds%2F9xx%2F940%2F901116A_940_TimesharingTechMan_Nov67.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerkeley+Timesharing+System" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDan_Murphy1996" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Murphy_(computer_scientist)" title="Daniel Murphy (computer scientist)">Dan Murphy</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tenex.opost.com/hbook.html">"Origins and Development of TOPS-20"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origins+and+Development+of+TOPS-20&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Dan+Murphy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftenex.opost.com%2Fhbook.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerkeley+Timesharing+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDennis_Ritchie2004" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">Dennis Ritchie</a> (February 12, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plan9.bell-labs.com/who/dmr/qed.html">"An incomplete history of the QED Text Editor"</a>. Murray Hill: Bell Labs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+incomplete+history+of+the+QED+Text+Editor&rft.place=Murray+Hill&rft.pub=Bell+Labs&rft.date=2004-02-12&rft.au=Dennis+Ritchie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplan9.bell-labs.com%2Fwho%2Fdmr%2Fqed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerkeley+Timesharing+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/mainframe-computers/7/181">"Timesharing as a Business"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timesharing+as+a+Business&rft.pub=Computer+History+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhistory.org%2Frevolution%2Fmainframe-computers%2F7%2F181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerkeley+Timesharing+System" class="Z3988"></span> (includes pictures)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkeley_Timesharing_System&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler_LampsonW._LichtenbergerM._Pirtle1966" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Butler_Lampson" title="Butler Lampson">Butler Lampson</a>; W. Lichtenberger; M. Pirtle (December 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160214202544/http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/blampson/02-UserMachine/WebPage.html">"A user machine in a time-sharing system"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the IEEE</i>. <b>54</b> (12): 1766–1774. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2Fproc.1966.5260">10.1109/proc.1966.5260</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+IEEE&rft.atitle=A+user+machine+in+a+time-sharing+system&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1766-1774&rft.date=1966-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2Fproc.1966.5260&rft.au=Butler+Lampson&rft.au=W.+Lichtenberger&rft.au=M.+Pirtle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160214202544%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fresearch.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fum%2Fpeople%2Fblampson%2F02-UserMachine%2FWebPage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerkeley+Timesharing+System" class="Z3988"></span> Reprinted in Computer Structures, ed. Bell and Newell, McGraw-Hill, 1971, pp 291–300</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkeley_Timesharing_System&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simh.trailing-edge.com/sds940.html">SDS-940 Simulator Configuration</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Patterson" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Patterson_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Patterson (scientist)">David Patterson</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~pattrsn/Arch/prototypes2.html">"Berkeley Hardware Prototypes"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Berkeley+Hardware+Prototypes&rft.au=David+Patterson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.berkeley.edu%2F~pattrsn%2FArch%2Fprototypes2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerkeley+Timesharing+System" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" 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title="RSTS/E">RSTS/E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TENEX_(operating_system)" title="TENEX (operating system)">TENEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Sharing_Option" title="Time Sharing Option">TSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Sharing_Operating_System" title="Time Sharing Operating System">TSOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOPS-10" title="TOPS-10">TOPS-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOPS-20" title="TOPS-20">TOPS-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSS_(operating_system)" title="TSS (operating system)">TSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSS/8" title="TSS/8">TSS/8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Time-Sharing_System" title="Universal Time-Sharing System">UTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VM_(operating_system)" title="VM (operating system)">VM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP/CSS" title="VP/CSS">VP/CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPS/VM" title="VPS/VM">VPS/VM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAITS" title="WAITS">WAITS</a></li></ul> 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