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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zimbabwe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zimbabwe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Zimbabwe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zimbabwe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trailer_arrangements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trailer_arrangements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Trailer arrangements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Trailer_arrangements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Trailer arrangements subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Trailer_arrangements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-A-double" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A-double"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>A-double</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A-double-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-B-double" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#B-double"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>B-double</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-B-double-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-B-triple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#B-triple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>B-triple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-B-triple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-B_quad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#B_quad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>B quad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-B_quad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AB_triple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AB_triple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>AB triple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AB_triple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A-triple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A-triple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>A-triple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A-triple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BAB_quad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BAB_quad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>BAB quad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BAB_quad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ABB_quad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ABB_quad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>ABB quad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ABB_quad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AAB_quad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AAB_quad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>AAB quad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AAB_quad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_quad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_quad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>A quad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_quad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-C-train" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C-train"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>C-train</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C-train-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dog-trailer_(dog_trailer)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dog-trailer_(dog_trailer)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>Dog-trailer (dog trailer)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dog-trailer_(dog_trailer)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interstate_road_transport_registration_in_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interstate_road_transport_registration_in_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>Interstate road transport registration in Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interstate_road_transport_registration_in_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.14</span> <span>Signage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combination_lengths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combination_lengths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.15</span> <span>Combination lengths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combination_lengths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operating_weights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operating_weights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.16</span> <span>Operating weights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operating_weights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speed_limits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speed_limits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.17</span> <span>Speed limits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speed_limits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World's_longest_road_trains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World's_longest_road_trains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>World's longest road trains</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-World's_longest_road_trains-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle World's longest road trains subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-World's_longest_road_trains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Outside_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Outside Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Road train</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82" title="قطار الطريق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قطار الطريق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avtoqatar" title="Avtoqatar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avtoqatar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4" title="Аўтапоезд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аўтапоезд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Аўтацягнік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аўтацягнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silni%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_vlak" title="Silniční vlak – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Silniční vlak" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_Train" title="Road Train – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Road Train" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorong" title="Autorong – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Autorong" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tren_de_carretera" title="Tren de carretera – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tren de carretera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cosea_trajno" title="Ŝosea trajno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝosea trajno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_routier" title="Train routier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Train routier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%93%9C_%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B8" title="로드 트레인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로드 트레인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cestovni_vlak" title="Cestovni vlak – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cestovni vlak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_train" title="Road train – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Road train" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D" title="רכבת כבישים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רכבת כבישים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Автопойыз – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Автопойыз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_train" title="Road train – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Road train" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="ロードトレイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロードトレイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogntog" title="Vogntog – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vogntog" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogntog" title="Vogntog – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vogntog" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avtomobil_poyezdi" title="Avtomobil poyezdi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Avtomobil poyezdi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poci%C4%85g_drogowy" title="Pociąg drogowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pociąg drogowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodotrem" title="Rodotrem – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rodotrem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4" title="Автопоезд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Автопоезд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cestn%C3%BD_vlak" title="Cestný vlak – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cestný vlak" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cestni_vlak" title="Cestni vlak – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cestni vlak" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maantiejuna" title="Maantiejuna – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maantiejuna" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4gt%C3%A5g" title="Vägtåg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vägtåg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4" title="Автопоезд – 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=B-double&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="B-double">B-double</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Rail_Rapid_Transit" title="Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit">ART</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of trucking vehicle</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about connected heavy goods vehicles. For lighter recreational road trains, see <a href="/wiki/Trackless_train" title="Trackless train">Trackless train</a>. For the routing of a railroad track on public streets, see <a href="/wiki/Street_running_train" title="Street running train">Street running train</a>. For electronic road trains, see <a href="/wiki/Platoon_(automobile)" title="Platoon (automobile)">Platoon (automobile)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Road Train" redirects here. For the song, see <a href="/wiki/Road_Train_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Road Train (song)">Road Train (song)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_train_(25).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Road_train_%2825%29.jpg/220px-Road_train_%2825%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Road_train_%2825%29.jpg/330px-Road_train_%2825%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Road_train_%2825%29.jpg/440px-Road_train_%2825%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="1652" /></a><figcaption>A three-trailer livestock road train in Australia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_train_at_Alice_Springs_on_the_way_to_Tennant_Creek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Road_train_at_Alice_Springs_on_the_way_to_Tennant_Creek.jpg/220px-Road_train_at_Alice_Springs_on_the_way_to_Tennant_Creek.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Road_train_at_Alice_Springs_on_the_way_to_Tennant_Creek.jpg/330px-Road_train_at_Alice_Springs_on_the_way_to_Tennant_Creek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Road_train_at_Alice_Springs_on_the_way_to_Tennant_Creek.jpg/440px-Road_train_at_Alice_Springs_on_the_way_to_Tennant_Creek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6758" data-file-height="4173" /></a><figcaption>An early road train at Alice Springs on the way to Tennant Creek, c. 1938 - 1948</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dowling_125.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Dowling_125.jpg/220px-Dowling_125.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Dowling_125.jpg/330px-Dowling_125.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Dowling_125.jpg/440px-Dowling_125.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5334" data-file-height="4146" /></a><figcaption>A diesel road train in Alice Springs, c. 1938 - 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>road train</b>, also known as a <b>land train</b> or <b>long combination vehicle</b> (LCV) is a <a href="/wiki/Semi-trailer_truck" title="Semi-trailer truck">semi-truck</a> used to move road <a href="/wiki/Freight" class="mw-redirect" title="Freight">freight</a> more efficiently than single-trailer semi-trucks. It consists of one <a href="/wiki/Semi-trailer" title="Semi-trailer">semi-trailer</a> or more connected together with or without a <a href="/wiki/Tractor_unit" title="Tractor unit">tractor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-definitions_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-definitions-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It typically has to be at least three <a href="/wiki/Semi-trailer" title="Semi-trailer">trailers</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Tractor_unit" title="Tractor unit">tractor</a>. Road trains are often used in areas where other forms of heavy transport (<a href="/wiki/Freight_train" title="Freight train">freight train</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cargo_aircraft" title="Cargo aircraft">cargo aircraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Container_ship" title="Container ship">container ship</a>) are not feasible or practical. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early road trains consisted of <a href="/wiki/Traction_engine" title="Traction engine">traction engines</a> pulling multiple wagons. The first identified road trains operated into <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Ranges" title="Flinders Ranges">Flinders Ranges</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Port_Augusta" title="Port Augusta">Port Augusta</a> area in the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They displaced bullock teams for the carriage of minerals to port and were, in turn, superseded by railways. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, a traction engine was used to pull multiple open trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-Beavan-217_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beavan-217-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1898 steam traction engine trains with up to four wagons were employed in military manoeuvres in England.<sup id="cite_ref-war-20_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-war-20-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1900, <a href="/wiki/John_Fowler_%26_Co." title="John Fowler & Co.">John Fowler & Co.</a> provided armoured road trains for use by the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beavan-217_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beavan-217-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Lord Kitchener</a> stated that he had around 45 steam road trains at his disposal.<sup id="cite_ref-wyatt-43_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wyatt-43-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A road train devised by Captain <a href="/wiki/Charles_Renard" title="Charles Renard">Charles Renard</a> of the French Engineering Corps was displayed at the 1903 Paris Salon. After his death, <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a>, which had acquired the rights, attempted to market it in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four of these vehicles were successfully delivered to <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, Australia, before the company ceased production upon the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s/40s, the government of Australia operated an <a href="/wiki/AEC_Roadtrain" title="AEC Roadtrain">AEC Roadtrain</a> to transport freight and supplies into the Northern Territory, replacing the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan (Australia)">Afghan</a> <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camel</a> trains that had been trekking through the deserts since the late 19th century. This truck pulled two or three 6 m (19 ft 8 in) Dyson four-axle self-tracking trailers. At 130 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">hp</a> (97 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>), the AEC was grossly underpowered by today's standards, and drivers and offsiders (a partner or assistant) routinely froze in winter and sweltered in summer due to the truck's open cab design and the position of the engine radiator, with its 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) cooling fan, behind the seats. </p><p>Australian <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Johannsen_(bush_mechanic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt Johannsen (bush mechanic)">Kurt Johannsen</a>, a bush mechanic, is recognised as the inventor of the modern road train.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After transporting stud bulls 200 mi (320 km) to an <a href="/wiki/Outback" title="Outback">outback</a> property, Johannsen was challenged to build a truck to carry 100 head of <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a> instead of the original load of 20. Provided with financing of about 2000 <a href="/wiki/Australian_pound" title="Australian pound">pounds</a> and inspired by the tracking abilities of the Government roadtrain, Johannsen began construction. Two years later his first road train was running.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johannsen's first road train consisted of a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> surplus <a href="/wiki/Diamond_T_tank_transporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamond T tank transporter">Diamond-T tank carrier</a>, nicknamed "Bertha", and two home-built self-tracking trailers. Both wheel sets on each trailer could steer, and therefore could negotiate the tight and narrow tracks and creek crossings that existed throughout <a href="/wiki/Central_Australia" title="Central Australia">Central Australia</a> in the earlier part of the 20th century. Freighter Trailers in Australia viewed this improved invention and went on to build self-tracking trailers for Kurt and other customers, and went on to become innovators in transport machinery for Australia. </p><p>This first example of the modern road train, along with the AEC Government Roadtrain, forms part of the huge collection at the <a href="/wiki/National_Road_Transport_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Road Transport Hall of Fame">National Road Transport Hall of Fame</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alice_Springs" title="Alice Springs">Alice Springs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>. </p><p>In 2023, Janus launched the first <a href="/wiki/Battery_electric_vehicle" title="Battery electric vehicle">BEV</a> triple road train with 620 kWh battery, also the world's heaviest <a href="/wiki/Street-legal" class="mw-redirect" title="Street-legal">street-legal</a> BEV truck at 170 tonnes (gross weight).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_road_train_headed_by_Volvo_NH15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Australian_road_train_headed_by_Volvo_NH15.jpg/220px-Australian_road_train_headed_by_Volvo_NH15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Australian_road_train_headed_by_Volvo_NH15.jpg/330px-Australian_road_train_headed_by_Volvo_NH15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Australian_road_train_headed_by_Volvo_NH15.jpg/440px-Australian_road_train_headed_by_Volvo_NH15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3388" data-file-height="2192" /></a><figcaption>A four-trailer road train in the Australian outback with a <a href="/wiki/Volvo_Trucks" title="Volvo Trucks">Volvo</a> NH15 prime mover</figcaption></figure> <p>The term <i>road train</i> is used in Australia and typically means a prime mover hauling two or more trailers, other than a B-double.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast with a more common semi-trailer towing one <a href="/wiki/Trailer_(vehicle)#Full_trailer" title="Trailer (vehicle)">trailer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Semi-trailer" title="Semi-trailer">semi-trailer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel</a> <a href="/wiki/Tractor_unit" title="Tractor unit">prime mover</a> of a road train hauls two or more trailers or semi-trailers. Australia has the longest and heaviest road-legal road trains in the world, weighing up to 200 tonnes (197 long tons; 220 short tons).<sup id="cite_ref-definitions_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-definitions-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Double</b> (two-trailer) road train combinations are allowed on some roads in most states of Australia, including specified approaches to the ports and industrial areas of <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a><sup id="cite_ref-RAVnet_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAVnet-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An A-double road train should not be confused with a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/B-double" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:B-double">B-double</a>, which is allowed access to most of the country and in all major cities.<sup id="cite_ref-Hema_Maps_2007_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hema_Maps_2007-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In South Australia, B-triples up to 35.0 metres (114 ft 10 in) and two-trailer road trains to 36.5 metres (119 ft 9 in) were only permitted to travel on a small number of approved routes in the north and west of the state, including access to Adelaide's north-western suburban industrial and export areas such as <a href="/wiki/Port_Adelaide" title="Port Adelaide">Port Adelaide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gillman,_South_Australia" title="Gillman, South Australia">Gillman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Outer_Harbor,_South_Australia" title="Outer Harbor, South Australia">Outer Harbour</a> via <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Highway" title="Salisbury Highway">Salisbury Highway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Wakefield_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Wakefield Road">Port Wakefield Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/Augusta_Highway" title="Augusta Highway">Augusta Highway</a> before 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-RAVnet_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAVnet-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A project named <i>Improving Road Transport for the Agriculture Industry</i> added 7,200 kilometres (4,500 mi) of key routes permitted to operate vehicles over 30 m (98 ft 5 in) in 2015–2018.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Another_Bloody_Road_Train_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Another_Bloody_Road_Train_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Another_Bloody_Road_Train_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Another_Bloody_Road_Train_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Another_Bloody_Road_Train_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Another_Bloody_Road_Train_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Another_Bloody_Road_Train_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Triple road train near <a href="/wiki/Normanton,_Queensland" title="Normanton, Queensland">Normanton</a>, Queensland</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Triple</b> (three-trailer) road trains operate in western <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, western <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, South Australia, Western Australia and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>, with the last three states also allowing AB-quads (B double with two additional trailers coupled behind). <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a> is the only capital city in the world where triples and quads are allowed to within 1 km (0.62 mi) of the <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">central business district</a> (CBD).<sup id="cite_ref-Hema_Maps_2007_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hema_Maps_2007-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Strict regulations regarding licensing, registration, weights, and experience apply to all operators of road trains throughout Australia. </p><p>Road trains are used for transporting all manner of materials: common examples are <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">fuel</a>, mineral <a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">ores</a>, and general freight. Their cost-effective transport has played a significant part in the economic development of remote areas; some communities are totally reliant on regular service. </p><p>When road trains get close to populated areas, the multiple <a href="#Dog-trailer_(dog_trailer)">dog-trailers</a> are unhooked, the <a href="/wiki/Dolly_(trailer)" title="Dolly (trailer)">dollies</a> removed and then connected individually to multiple trucks at "assembly" yards. </p><p>When the flat-top trailers of a road train need to be transported empty, it is common practice to stack them. This is commonly referred to as "doubled-up" or "doubling-up". Sometimes, if many trailers are required to be moved at one time, they will be triple-stacked, or "tripled-up". </p><p>Higher Mass Limits (HML) Schemes are now in all jurisdictions in Australia, allowing trucks to carry additional weight beyond general mass limits. Some roads in some states regularly allowing up to 4 trailers at 53.5 metres (175 ft 6 in) long and 136 tonnes (134 long tons; 150 short tons).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On private property like mines, highway restrictions on trailer length, weight and count may not apply. Some of the heaviest road trains carrying ore are <a href="/wiki/Multiple_unit" title="Multiple unit">multiple unit</a> with a diesel engine in each trailer, controlled by the tractor.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diesel sales in Australia (per year) are around 32 billion litres,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which some is used by road trains. In order to reduce emissions and running cost, trials are made with road trains powered by <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle_battery" title="Electric vehicle battery">batteries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bridge_Gross_Weight_Formula" title="Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula">Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Permitted_Longer_Combination_Vehicles_on_the_National_Highway_System_2017_22Oct2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Permitted_Longer_Combination_Vehicles_on_the_National_Highway_System_2017_22Oct2018.png/220px-Permitted_Longer_Combination_Vehicles_on_the_National_Highway_System_2017_22Oct2018.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Permitted_Longer_Combination_Vehicles_on_the_National_Highway_System_2017_22Oct2018.png/330px-Permitted_Longer_Combination_Vehicles_on_the_National_Highway_System_2017_22Oct2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Permitted_Longer_Combination_Vehicles_on_the_National_Highway_System_2017_22Oct2018.png/440px-Permitted_Longer_Combination_Vehicles_on_the_National_Highway_System_2017_22Oct2018.png 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="2850" /></a><figcaption>Permitted routes for longer combination vehicles on the U.S. National Highway System: 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>In the United States, trucks on public roads are limited to two trailers (two 28 ft or 8.5 m and a dolly to connect; the limit is 63 ft or 19 m end to end). Some states allow three 28 ft or 8.5 m trailers, although triples are usually restricted to less populous states such as Idaho, Oregon, and Montana, plus the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Turnpike" title="Ohio Turnpike">Ohio Turnpike</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Indiana_East%E2%80%93West_Toll_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana East–West Toll Road">Indiana East–West Toll Road</a>. Triples are used for long-distance <a href="/wiki/Less_than_truckload" class="mw-redirect" title="Less than truckload">less-than-truckload</a> freight hauling (in which case the trailers are shorter than a typical single-unit trailer) or resource hauling in the interior west (such as <a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">ore</a> or <a href="/wiki/Construction_aggregate" title="Construction aggregate">aggregate</a>). Triples are sometimes marked with "LONG LOAD" banners both front and rear. "Turnpike doubles"—tractors towing two full-length trailers—are allowed on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Thruway" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Thruway">New York Thruway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mass_Pike" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass Pike">Massachusetts Turnpike</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interstate_90" title="Interstate 90">Interstate 90</a>), <a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_Turnpike" title="Florida's Turnpike">Florida's Turnpike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Turnpike" title="Kansas Turnpike">Kansas Turnpike</a> (Kansas City - Wichita route) as well as the <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> toll roads.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colorado allows what are known as "Rocky Mountain Doubles" which is one full length 53 ft or 16 m trailer and an additional 28 ft or 8.5 m trailer. The term "road train" is not commonly used in the United States; "turnpike train" has been used, generally in a pejorative sense.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UPS_Freight_truck,_Motor_Cargo_%26_Overnite_trailers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/UPS_Freight_truck%2C_Motor_Cargo_%26_Overnite_trailers.jpg/220px-UPS_Freight_truck%2C_Motor_Cargo_%26_Overnite_trailers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/UPS_Freight_truck%2C_Motor_Cargo_%26_Overnite_trailers.jpg/330px-UPS_Freight_truck%2C_Motor_Cargo_%26_Overnite_trailers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/UPS_Freight_truck%2C_Motor_Cargo_%26_Overnite_trailers.jpg/440px-UPS_Freight_truck%2C_Motor_Cargo_%26_Overnite_trailers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/STAA_doubles" title="STAA doubles">STAA double</a> pup 28.5 foot trailers </figcaption></figure> <p>In the western United States LCVs are allowed on many <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate</a> highways. The only LCVs allowed nationwide are <a href="/wiki/STAA_doubles" title="STAA doubles">STAA doubles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On private property like farms, highway restrictions on trailer length and count do not apply. Bales of <a href="/wiki/Straw" title="Straw">straw</a>, for example, are sometimes moved in wagon trains of up to 20 trailers an eighth of a mile long (carrying a total of 3,600 bales).<sup id="cite_ref-farmshow_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farmshow-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_B-double_unloading_timber_at_Pellets_Asturias,_Tineo,_on_7_Nov_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/A_B-double_unloading_timber_at_Pellets_Asturias%2C_Tineo%2C_on_7_Nov_2019.jpg/220px-A_B-double_unloading_timber_at_Pellets_Asturias%2C_Tineo%2C_on_7_Nov_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/A_B-double_unloading_timber_at_Pellets_Asturias%2C_Tineo%2C_on_7_Nov_2019.jpg/330px-A_B-double_unloading_timber_at_Pellets_Asturias%2C_Tineo%2C_on_7_Nov_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/A_B-double_unloading_timber_at_Pellets_Asturias%2C_Tineo%2C_on_7_Nov_2019.jpg/440px-A_B-double_unloading_timber_at_Pellets_Asturias%2C_Tineo%2C_on_7_Nov_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption> Timber being unloaded from a B-double at Pellets Asturias, Spain</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, and some roads in <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, trucks with trailers are allowed to be 25.25 m (82.8 ft) long.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Finland, a length of 34.5 metres (113 ft) has been allowed since January 2019. In Sweden, this length is allowed on several major roads, including all of <a href="/wiki/European_route_E4" title="European route E4">E4</a>, since August 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 34.5 meters allows two <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_container" title="Intermodal container">40 foot containers</a>. </p><p>Elsewhere in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, the limit is 18.75 m (61.5 ft) (Norway 19.5 m or 64 ft). The trucks are of a cab-over-engine design, with a flat front and a high floor, about 1.2 m (3.9 ft) above ground. The Scandinavian countries are less densely populated than the other EU countries, and distances, especially in Finland and Sweden, are long. Until the late 1960s, vehicle length was unlimited, giving rise to long vehicles to cost effectively handle goods. As traffic increased, truck lengths became more of a concern and they were limited, albeit at a more generous level than in the rest of Europe. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> in 2009, a two-year desk study of <a href="/wiki/Longer_Heavier_Vehicle" title="Longer Heavier Vehicle">Longer Heavier Vehicles</a> (LHVs), including up to 11-axle, 34-metre (111.5 ft) long, 82-<a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonne</a> (81-<a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long-ton</a>; 90-<a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">short-ton</a>) combinations, ruled out all road-train-type vehicles for the foreseeable future. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:40_foot_container_turnpike_double_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/40_foot_container_turnpike_double_2.jpg/220px-40_foot_container_turnpike_double_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/40_foot_container_turnpike_double_2.jpg/330px-40_foot_container_turnpike_double_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/40_foot_container_turnpike_double_2.jpg/440px-40_foot_container_turnpike_double_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1627" /></a><figcaption>40 foot container turnpike double</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2010, Sweden was performing tests on log-hauling trucks, weighing up to 90 t (89 long tons; 99 short tons) and measuring 30 metres (98.4 ft) and haulers for two 40 ft containers, measuring 32 metres (105 ft) in total.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, a pilot began in Finland to test a 104-tonne timber lorry which was 33 metres (108 ft) and had 13 axles. Testing of the special lorry was limited to a predefined route in northern Finland<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2015, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> has permitted B-doubles with a length of up to 25.25 metres (82.8 ft) and weighing up to 60 tonnes to travel on certain routes.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2024, after 5 years of testing, HCTs have been permitted on Spanish territory, with lenghts of up to 32 meters (105 ft) and 70 gross tonnes.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2016, Eoin Gavin Transport, Shannon and Dennison Trailers, Kildare have been trialling 25.25 metres (82.8 ft) B-doubles on the Irish motorways.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Feb 2024, The Pallet Network announced four B-doubles to operate between Dublin, Cork and Galway. <sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, a small number of road trains were operating between Belgium and the Netherlands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Mexico road trains exist in a limited capacity due to the sizes of roads in its larger cities, and they are only allowed to pull 2 trailers joined with a pup or dolly created for this purpose. Recently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (May 2019)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> the regulations tend to be more severe and strict to avoid overloading and accidents, to adhere to the federal rules of transportation. Truck drivers must obtain a certificate to certify that the driver is capable to manipulate and drive that type of vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All the tractor vehicles that make road train type transport in the country (along with the normal security requirements) need to have visual warnings like;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>"Precaución Doble Semirremolque" alert (Warning Double Semi-Trailer) located in the frontal fenders of the tractor and in the rear part of each trailer,</li> <li>yellow turn and warning lights to be more visible to other drivers,</li> <li>a seal for the entire vehicle approving the use as double semi trailer,</li> <li>federal license plates in every trailer, dolly, and tractor unit.</li></ul> <p>Some major cargo enterprises in the country use this form to cut costs of carrying all type of goods in some regions where another form of transportation are so expensive to improve it due to the difficult geography of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mexican road train equivalent form in Australian Standard is the A-Double form, the difference is that the Mexican road trains can be hauled with a long distance tractor truck. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Zimbabwe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Zimbabwe, they are only used in one highway, Ngezi - Makwiro road. They make use of 42 m long road trains pulling three trailers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trailer_arrangements">Trailer arrangements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Trailer arrangements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aust_config2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Aust_config2.png/600px-Aust_config2.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="404" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Aust_config2.png/900px-Aust_config2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Aust_config2.png/1200px-Aust_config2.png 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="1550" /></a><figcaption>Road train types:<br /> <b>A</b>: B-double<br /> <b>B</b>: B-triple<br /> <b>C</b>: A-double<br /> <b>D</b>: AB-triple (possible BA)<br /> <b>E</b>: BAB quad<br /> <b>F</b>: ABB quad<br /> <b>G</b>: A-triple<br /> <b>H</b>: AAB quad (possible BAA)<br /> <b>K</b>: Special australian mining tipper road train with limited transportation</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A-double">A-double</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: A-double"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ube_Industries_Ube_Mine_Expressway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ube_Industries_Ube_Mine_Expressway.jpg/220px-Ube_Industries_Ube_Mine_Expressway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ube_Industries_Ube_Mine_Expressway.jpg/330px-Ube_Industries_Ube_Mine_Expressway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ube_Industries_Ube_Mine_Expressway.jpg/440px-Ube_Industries_Ube_Mine_Expressway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1950" /></a><figcaption>A Kenworth with A-double chemical carrying trailers on a UBE Industries mining expressway in Japan</figcaption></figure> <p>An A-double consists of a prime mover towing a normal lead trailer with a towing hitch such as a <a href="/wiki/Ringfeder" title="Ringfeder">Ringfeder</a> coupling affixed to it at the rear. A fifth wheel dolly is then affixed to the hitch allowing another standard trailer to be attached. Eleven-axle coal tipping sets carrying to <a href="/wiki/Port_Kembla,_New_South_Wales" title="Port Kembla, New South Wales">Port Kembla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> are described as A-doubles. The set depicted has a tare weight of 35.5 t (39.1 short tons) and is capable of carrying 50 t (55.1 short tons) of coal.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note the shield at the front of the second trailer to direct tipped coal from the first trailer downwards. </p><p>Pros include the ability to use standard semi-trailers and the potential for very large loads. Cons mainly include very tricky reversing due to the multiple articulation points across two different types of coupling. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="B-double">B-double</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: B-double"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lindsay_Transport_B-Double.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lindsay_Transport_B-Double.jpg/500px-Lindsay_Transport_B-Double.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lindsay_Transport_B-Double.jpg/750px-Lindsay_Transport_B-Double.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lindsay_Transport_B-Double.jpg/1000px-Lindsay_Transport_B-Double.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3028" data-file-height="699" /></a><figcaption>A B-double parked at a truck stop in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, Australia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Truck_Spotting_on_the_A58_E312_Direction_Kruiningen-Netherlands_17_04_2020._(49784067867).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Truck_Spotting_on_the_A58_E312_Direction_Kruiningen-Netherlands_17_04_2020._%2849784067867%29.jpg/220px-Truck_Spotting_on_the_A58_E312_Direction_Kruiningen-Netherlands_17_04_2020._%2849784067867%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Truck_Spotting_on_the_A58_E312_Direction_Kruiningen-Netherlands_17_04_2020._%2849784067867%29.jpg/330px-Truck_Spotting_on_the_A58_E312_Direction_Kruiningen-Netherlands_17_04_2020._%2849784067867%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Truck_Spotting_on_the_A58_E312_Direction_Kruiningen-Netherlands_17_04_2020._%2849784067867%29.jpg/440px-Truck_Spotting_on_the_A58_E312_Direction_Kruiningen-Netherlands_17_04_2020._%2849784067867%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7700" data-file-height="3682" /></a><figcaption>A 25.25 metre B-double consisting of two trailers with the same length in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A B-double consists of a prime mover towing a specialised lead trailer that has a <a href="/wiki/Fifth_wheel_coupling" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth wheel coupling">fifth-wheel</a> mounted on the rear towing another semi-trailer, resulting in two <a href="/wiki/Articulated_vehicle" title="Articulated vehicle">articulation points</a>. It may also be known as a <b>B-train</b>, interlink in South Africa, B-double in Australia, tandem tractor-trailer, tandem rig or double in North America. They may typically be up to 27.5 m (90 ft 3 in) long. The <a href="/wiki/Fifth_wheel_coupling" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth wheel coupling">fifth wheel coupling</a> is located at the rear of the lead (first) trailer and is mounted on a "tail" section commonly located immediately above the lead trailer axles.<sup id="cite_ref-code_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-code-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In North America this area of the lead trailer is often referred to as the "bridge". The twin-trailer assembly is hooked up to a tractor unit via the tractor unit's fifth wheel in the customary manner. </p><p>An advantage of the B-train configuration is its inherent stability when compared to most other twin trailer combinations, the turntable mounted on the forward trailer results in the B-train not requiring a converter dolly as with all other road train configurations.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is this feature above all else that has ensured its continued development and global acceptance.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reversing is simpler as all articulation points are on fifth wheel couplings. </p><p>B-train trailers are used to transport many types of load and examples include tanks for liquid and dry-bulk, flat-beds and curtain-siders for deck-loads, bulkers for aggregates and wood residuals, refrigerated trailers for chilled and frozen goods, vans for dry goods, logging trailers for forestry work and cattle liners for livestock. </p><p>In Australia, standard semi-trailers are permitted on almost any road. B-doubles are more heavily regulated, but routes are made available by state governments for almost anywhere that significant road freight movement is required.<sup id="cite_ref-RAVNet_SA_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAVNet_SA-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around container ports in Australia exists what is known as a super B-double; a B-double with an extra axle (total of 4) on the lead trailer and either three or four axle set on the rear trailer. This allows the super B-Double to carry combinations of two 40 foot containers, four 20 foot containers, or a combination of one 40 foot container and two twenty foot containers. However, because of their length and low accessibility into narrow streets, these vehicles are restricted in where they can go and are generally used for terminal-to-terminal work, i.e. wharf to container holding park or wharf-to-wharf. The rear axle on each trailer can also pivot slightly while turning to prevent scrubbing out the edges of the tyres due to the heavy loads placed on them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="B-triple">B-triple</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: B-triple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canny_Carrying_Company_B-triple_road_train.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Canny_Carrying_Company_B-triple_road_train.jpg/220px-Canny_Carrying_Company_B-triple_road_train.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Canny_Carrying_Company_B-triple_road_train.jpg/330px-Canny_Carrying_Company_B-triple_road_train.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Canny_Carrying_Company_B-triple_road_train.jpg/440px-Canny_Carrying_Company_B-triple_road_train.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>B-triple</figcaption></figure> <p>Same as B-double, but with an additional lead trailer behind the <a href="/wiki/Tractor_unit" title="Tractor unit">prime mover</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The B-train principle has been exploited in Australia, where configurations such as B triples, double-B doubles and 2AB quads are permitted on some routes. These are run in most states of Australia where double road trains are allowed. Australia's <a href="/wiki/National_Transport_Commission" title="National Transport Commission">National Transport Commission</a> proposed a national framework for B-triple operations that includes basic vehicle specifications and operating conditions that the commission anticipates will replace the current state-by-state approach, which largely discourages the use of B-triples for interstate operation.<sup id="cite_ref-trr_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trr-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In South Australia, B-triples up to 35.0 metres (114 ft 10 in) and two-trailer road trains to 36.5 metres (119 ft 9 in) are generally only permitted on specified routes, including access to industrial and export areas near <a href="/wiki/Port_Adelaide" title="Port Adelaide">Port Adelaide</a> from the north.<sup id="cite_ref-RAVNet_SA_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAVNet_SA-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="B_quad">B quad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: B quad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, B quad was also allowed in states Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland, which enables more economical transport.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AB_triple">AB triple</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: AB triple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belfield%26SonsABTriple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Belfield%26SonsABTriple.jpg/220px-Belfield%26SonsABTriple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Belfield%26SonsABTriple.jpg/330px-Belfield%26SonsABTriple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Belfield%26SonsABTriple.jpg/440px-Belfield%26SonsABTriple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4931" data-file-height="2851" /></a><figcaption>BA-triple</figcaption></figure> <p>An AB triple consists of a standard trailer with a B-Double behind it using a converter dolly, with a trailer order of Standard, Dolly, B-Train, Standard. The final trailer may be either a B-Train with no trailer attached to it or a standard trailer. Alternatively, a BA triple sees this configuration reversed, consisting of a B-double with a converter dolly and standard trailer behind it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A-triple">A-triple</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: A-triple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_train_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Road_train_%282%29.jpg/220px-Road_train_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Road_train_%282%29.jpg/330px-Road_train_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Road_train_%282%29.jpg/440px-Road_train_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1588" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>A-triple as tanker hauler</figcaption></figure> <p>In South Australia, larger road trains up to 53.5 metres (175 ft 6 in) (three full trailers) are only permitted on certain routes in the <a href="/wiki/Far_North_(South_Australia)" title="Far North (South Australia)">Far North</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RAVNet_SA_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAVNet_SA-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BAB_quad">BAB quad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: BAB quad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A BAB quad consists of two B-double units linked with a converter dolly, with trailer order of Prime Mover, B-Train, Dolly, B-Train. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ABB_quad">ABB quad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: ABB quad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ABB quad consists of one standard trailer and B-triple units linked with a converter dolly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AAB_quad">AAB quad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: AAB quad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:00_4603_Australien_-_Road_Train.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/00_4603_Australien_-_Road_Train.jpg/220px-00_4603_Australien_-_Road_Train.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/00_4603_Australien_-_Road_Train.jpg/330px-00_4603_Australien_-_Road_Train.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/00_4603_Australien_-_Road_Train.jpg/440px-00_4603_Australien_-_Road_Train.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>BAA quad</figcaption></figure> <p>AAB quad consists of A-double and B-double units linked with a converter dolly. Alternatively, a BAA quad sees this configuration reversed, first the B-double, then the A-double. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_quad">A quad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: A quad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MGM_C509_Quad_Road_Train.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/MGM_C509_Quad_Road_Train.jpg/220px-MGM_C509_Quad_Road_Train.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/MGM_C509_Quad_Road_Train.jpg/330px-MGM_C509_Quad_Road_Train.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/MGM_C509_Quad_Road_Train.jpg/440px-MGM_C509_Quad_Road_Train.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5300" data-file-height="2650" /></a><figcaption>A 60-metre A-quad</figcaption></figure> <p>In some parts of Australia, 'super quad' road trains up to 60 metres (196 ft 10 in) are permitted, consisting of four standard trailers connected via three converter dollies.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="C-train">C-train</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: C-train"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A C-train is a semi-trailer attached to a <a href="/wiki/Fifth_wheel_coupling" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth wheel coupling">fifth-wheel</a> on a C-dolly. Unlike in an A-Train, the C-dolly is connected to the tractor or another trailer in front of it with two <a href="/wiki/Drawbar_(haulage)" title="Drawbar (haulage)">drawbars</a>, thus eliminating the drawbar connection as an articulation point. One of the <a href="/wiki/Axle" title="Axle">axles</a> on a C-dolly is self-steerable to prevent tire scrubbing. C-dollies are not permitted in Australia, due to the lack of articulation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dog-trailer_(dog_trailer)"><span id="Dog-trailer_.28dog_trailer.29"></span>Dog-trailer (dog trailer)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Dog-trailer (dog trailer)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quad_dog_trailer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Quad_dog_trailer.jpg/220px-Quad_dog_trailer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Quad_dog_trailer.jpg/330px-Quad_dog_trailer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Quad_dog_trailer.jpg/440px-Quad_dog_trailer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Quad dog trailer</figcaption></figure> <p>A dog-trailer (also called a pup) is a short trailer with a permanent dolly, with a single A-frame drawbar that fits into the <a href="/wiki/Ringfeder" title="Ringfeder">Ringfeder</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tow_hitch#Pintle_hook_and_lunette_ring" title="Tow hitch">pintle hook</a> on the rear of the truck or trailer in front, giving the whole unit two or more articulation points and very little roll stiffness. These are commonly used in Australia, particularly for end tipper applications like shown above. They are normally limited to a single dog trailer behind a short bodied (independently load carrying) truck with a standard length limit of 19 metres (20 under design permits). A quad dog trailer in combination with a bodied truck is able to carry more weight than a truck and single semi-trailer of the same length limit and access restrictions, as well as carrying two different materials as separate loads, such as with tipper bodies and fluid tankers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interstate_road_transport_registration_in_Australia">Interstate road transport registration in Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Interstate road transport registration in Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_Road_Train.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Australian_Road_Train.jpg/300px-Australian_Road_Train.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Australian_Road_Train.jpg/450px-Australian_Road_Train.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Australian_Road_Train.jpg/600px-Australian_Road_Train.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="734" /></a><figcaption>Versions of australian road trains</figcaption></figure><p> In 1991, at a special <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Australian_Governments" title="Council of Australian Governments">Premiers' Conference</a>, Australian heads of government signed an inter-governmental agreement to establish a national heavy vehicle registration, regulation and charging scheme: the Federal Interstate Registration Scheme (FIRS).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its requirements are as follows:</p><div><ul><li>If the vehicle was purchased to be used for interstate trade, no stamp duty is payable on the purchase price of the vehicle.</li><li>The vehicle has to be subjected to an annual inspection for roadworthy standards.</li><li>Registration requires the first letter of the six-digit to identify the home state or territory: A, Australian Capital Territory; N, New South Wales; C, Northern Territory Q, Queensland; S, South Australia; T, Tasmania; V, Victoria; and W, Western Australia.</li></ul></div> <p>Due to the "eastern" and "western" mass limits in Australia, two different categories of registration were enacted. The second digit of the registration plate showed what mass limit was allowed for that vehicle. If a vehicle had a 'V' as the second letter, its mass limits were in line with the eastern states mass limits, which were: </p> <ul><li>Steer axle, 1 axle, 2 tyres: 5.40 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a> (5.31 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>; 5.95 <a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">short tons</a>)</li> <li>Steer axle, 2 axles, 2 tyres per axle: Non load sharing suspension 9.00 t (8.86 long tons; 9.92 short tons) <ul><li>Load sharing suspension 10.00 t (9.84 long tons; 11.02 short tons)</li></ul></li> <li>Single axle, dual tyres: 8.50 t (8.37 long tons; 9.37 short tons)</li> <li>Tandem axle, dual tyres: 15.00 t (14.76 long tons; 16.53 short tons)</li> <li>Tri-axle, dual tyres or 'super single' tyres: 18.00 t (17.72 long tons; 19.84 short tons)</li> <li>Gross combination mass on a 6-axle vehicle not to exceed 38 t (37 long tons; 42 short tons)</li></ul> <p>If a vehicle had an <i>X</i> as the second letter, its mass limits were in line with the western states mass limits, which were: </p> <ul><li>Steer axle, 1 axle, 2 tyres: 6.00 t (5.91 long tons; 6.61 short tons)</li> <li>Steer axle, 2 axles, 2 tyres per axle <ul><li>Non load sharing suspension 10.00 t (9.84 long tons; 11.02 short tons): Load sharing suspension 11.00 t (10.83 long tons; 12.13 short tons)</li></ul></li> <li>Single axle, dual tyres: 9.00 t (8.86 long tons; 9.92 short tons)</li> <li>Tandem axle, dual tyres: 16.50 t (16.24 long tons; 18.19 short tons)</li> <li>Tri-axle, dual tyres or "super single" tyres: 20.00 t (19.68 long tons; 22.05 short tons)</li> <li>Gross combination mass on a 6-axle vehicle not to exceed 42.50 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a> (41.83 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>; 46.85 <a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">short tons</a>)</li></ul> <p>The second digit of the registration being a <i>T</i> designates a trailer. </p><p>One of the main criteria of the registration is that intrastate operation is not permitted. The load has to come from one state or territory and be delivered to another. Many grain carriers were reported and prosecuted for cartage from the paddock to the silos. However, if the load went to a port silo, they were given the benefit of the doubt, as that grain was more than likely to be going overseas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signage">Signage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Signage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B_double_yass_truck_stop.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/B_double_yass_truck_stop.JPG/220px-B_double_yass_truck_stop.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/B_double_yass_truck_stop.JPG/330px-B_double_yass_truck_stop.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/B_double_yass_truck_stop.JPG/440px-B_double_yass_truck_stop.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/B-Train" class="mw-redirect" title="B-Train">B double</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Long_vehicle_warning_sign_on_b_double.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Long_vehicle_warning_sign_on_b_double.JPG/220px-Long_vehicle_warning_sign_on_b_double.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Long_vehicle_warning_sign_on_b_double.JPG/330px-Long_vehicle_warning_sign_on_b_double.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Long_vehicle_warning_sign_on_b_double.JPG/440px-Long_vehicle_warning_sign_on_b_double.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">"Long Vehicle" sign located on the rear bumper</div></div></div></div> <p>Australian road trains have horizontal signs front and back with 180 mm (7.1 in) high black uppercase letters on a reflective yellow background reading "ROAD TRAIN". The sign(s) must have a black border and be at least 1.02 m (3.3 ft) long and 220 mm (8.7 in) high and be placed between 500 mm (19.7 in) and 1.8 m (5.9 ft) above the ground on the fore or rearmost surface of the unit. </p><p>In the case of B-triples in Western Australia, they are signed front and rear with "ROAD TRAIN" until they cross the WA/SA border where they are then signed with "LONG VEHICLE" in the front and rear. </p><p>Converter dollies must have a sign affixed horizontally to the rearmost point, complying to the same conditions, reading "LONG VEHICLE". This is required for when a dolly is towed behind a trailer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combination_lengths">Combination lengths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Combination lengths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>B-double</dt> <dd>26 m (85.3 ft) max. Western Australia, 27.5 m (90.2 ft) max.</dd> <dt>B-triple</dt> <dd>up to 36.5 m (120 ft) max.</dd> <dt>NTC modular B-triple</dt> <dd>35.0 m (115 ft) max. (uses 2× conventional B-double lead trailers)</dd> <dt>Pocket road train</dt> <dd>27.5 m (90.2 ft) max. (Western Australia only) This configuration is classed as a "Long Vehicle".</dd> <dt>Double road train or AB road train</dt> <dd>36.5 m (120 ft) max.</dd> <dt>Triple and ABB or BAB-quad road trains</dt> <dd>53.5 m (176 ft) max.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operating_weights">Operating weights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Operating weights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Operational weights are based on axle group masses, as follows: </p> <dl><dt>Single axle (steer tyre)</dt> <dd>6.0 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a> (5.9 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>; 6.6 <a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">short tons</a>)</dd> <dt>Single axle (steer axle with 'super single' tyres)</dt> <dd>6.7 t (6.6 long tons; 7.4 short tons)</dd> <dt>Single axle (dual tyres)</dt> <dd>9.0 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a> (8.9 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>; 9.9 <a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">short tons</a>)</dd> <dt>Tandem axle grouping</dt> <dd>16.5 t (16.2 long tons; 18.2 short tons)</dd> <dt>Tri-axle grouping</dt> <dd>20.0 t (19.7 long tons; 22.0 short tons)</dd></dl> <p>Therefore, </p> <ul><li>A B-double (single axle steering, tandem drive, and two tri-axle groups) would have an operational weight of 62.5 t (61.5 long tons; 68.9 short tons).</li> <li>A double road train (single axle steering, tandem drive, tri-axle, tandem, tri-axle) would have an operational weight of 79 t (78 long tons; 87 short tons).</li> <li>A triple is 115.5 t (113.68 long tons; 127.32 short tons).</li> <li>Quads weigh in at 135.5 t (133.4 long tons; 149.4 short tons).</li> <li>Concessional weight limits, which increase allowable weight to accredited operators<sup id="cite_ref-concession_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-concession-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can see (for example) a quad weighing up to 149 t (147 long tons; 164 short tons).</li></ul> <ul><li>If a tri-drive prime mover is utilised, along with tri-axle dollies, weights can reach nearly 170 t (167 long tons; 187 short tons).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speed_limits">Speed limits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Speed limits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Australian national heavy vehicle speed limit is 100 km/h (62 mph), except New South Wales and Queensland where the speed limit for any road train is 90 km/h (56 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> B triple road trains have a speed limit of 100 km/h (62 mph) in Qld.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Canada, there has been no difference between the speed limits between cars and road trains, which range from 80 to 100 km/h (50 to 62 mph) on two-lane roads and between 100 and 110 km/h (62 and 68 mph) on three-lane roads.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Europe, the speed limit for heavy goods trucks is usually 80 km/h (50 mph). There is a law on having <a href="/wiki/Speed_limiter" title="Speed limiter">speed limiters</a> which makes it impossible to drive heavy trucks faster than 90 km/h (56 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These limits are normally the same for road trains. There is not a wish to encourage trucks to overtake slightly slower trucks on motorways because it obstacles the left lane, although common anyway e.g. when heavy road trains lose speed uphill. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World's_longest_road_trains"><span id="World.27s_longest_road_trains"></span>World's longest road trains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: World's longest road trains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_Train_Australia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Road_Train_Australia.jpg/220px-Road_Train_Australia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Road_Train_Australia.jpg/330px-Road_Train_Australia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Road_Train_Australia.jpg/440px-Road_Train_Australia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shell_Australia" title="Shell Australia">Shell Australia</a> BAA quad tanker road train in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>. Trailer arrangement is B-double towing two tri-axle trailers.</figcaption></figure> <p>Below is a list of longest road trains driven in the world. Most of these had no practical use, as they were put together and driven across relatively short distances for the express purpose of record-breaking. </p> <ul><li>In 1989, a trucker named "Buddo" tugged 12 trailers down the main street of <a href="/wiki/Winton,_Queensland" title="Winton, Queensland">Winton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ps13_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ps13-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1993, "Plugger" Bowden took the record with a 525 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">hp</a> (391 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>) Mack CLR pulling 16 trailers.</li> <li>A few months later this effort was surpassed by <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a> driver Malcolm Chisholm with a 290-<a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonne</a> (285-<a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long-ton</a>; 320-<a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">short-ton</a>), 21-trailer rig extending 315 metres (1,033 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-ps13_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ps13-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In April 1994 Bob Hayward and Andrew Aichison organised another attempt using a 1988 <a href="/wiki/Mack_Super-Liner" title="Mack Super-Liner">Mack Super-Liner</a> 500 hp V8 belonging to Plugger Bowden who drove 29 stock trailers measuring 439.169 metres a distance of 4.5 km into <a href="/wiki/Bourke,_New_South_Wales" title="Bourke, New South Wales">Bourke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The record was published in the next <i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book of Records">Guinness Book of Records</a></i>.</li> <li>Then the record went back to Winton with 34 trailers.<sup id="cite_ref-ps13_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ps13-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 3 April 1999, the town of <a href="/wiki/Merredin" class="mw-redirect" title="Merredin">Merredin</a>, officially made it into the <i>Guinness Book of Records</i>, when Marleys Transport made a successful attempt on the record for the world's longest road train. The record was created when 45 trailers, driven by Greg Marley, weighing 603 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a> (593 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>; 665 <a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">short tons</a>) and measuring 610 m (2,001 ft) were pulled by a <a href="/wiki/Kenworth" title="Kenworth">Kenworth</a> 10×6 K100G for 8 km (5 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-ps13_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ps13-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 19 October 2000, Doug Gould set the first of his records in <a href="/wiki/Kalgoorlie" title="Kalgoorlie">Kalgoorlie</a>, when a roadtrain made up of 79 trailers, measuring 1,018.2 m (3,341 ft) and weighing 1,072.3 t (1,055.4 long tons; 1,182.0 short tons), was pulled by a <a href="/wiki/Kenworth" title="Kenworth">Kenworth</a> C501T driven by Steven Matthews a distance of 8 km (5 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-ps13_57-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ps13-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 29 March 2003, the record was surpassed near <a href="/wiki/Mungindi" title="Mungindi">Mungindi</a>, by a road train consisting of 87 trailers and a single prime mover (measuring 1,235.3 m (4,053 ft) in length).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The record returned to Kalgoorlie, on 17 October 2004, when Doug Gould assembled 117 trailers for a total length of 1,445 m (4,741 ft). The attempt nearly failed, as the first prime mover's main driveshaft broke when taking off. A second truck was quickly made available, and pulled the train a distance of 1,500 m (4,921 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2004, the record was again broken by a group from <a href="/wiki/Clifton,_Queensland" title="Clifton, Queensland">Clifton, Queensland</a> which used a standard Mack truck to pull 120 trailers a distance of about 100 metres (328 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 18 February 2006, an Australian built Mack truck with 113<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> semi-trailers, 1,300 t (1,279 long tons; 1,433 short tons) and 1,474.3 metres (4,836 ft 11 in) long, pulled the load 100 metres (328 feet) to recapture the record for the longest road train (multiple loaded trailers) ever pulled with a single prime mover. It was on the main road of <a href="/wiki/Clifton,_Queensland" title="Clifton, Queensland">Clifton, Queensland</a>, that 70-year-old John Atkinson claimed a new record, pulled by a tri-drive <a href="/wiki/Mack_Titan" title="Mack Titan">Mack Titan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outside_Australia">Outside Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Outside Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>On 12 April 2016 in Gothenburg, Sweden, a Volvo FH16 750 pulled 20 trailers with double-stacked containers with a total length of 300 meters (984 ft) and with a total weight of 750 tonnes.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherwin-Williams_Paints_truck_on_US_95_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sherwin-Williams Paints truck on US 95 Nevada"><img alt="Sherwin-Williams Paints truck on US 95 Nevada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sherwin-Williams_Paints_truck_on_US_95_%281%29.jpg/120px-Sherwin-Williams_Paints_truck_on_US_95_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sherwin-Williams_Paints_truck_on_US_95_%281%29.jpg/180px-Sherwin-Williams_Paints_truck_on_US_95_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sherwin-Williams_Paints_truck_on_US_95_%281%29.jpg/240px-Sherwin-Williams_Paints_truck_on_US_95_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1858" data-file-height="1017" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sherwin-Williams Paints truck on US 95 Nevada</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_train_(27).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="53 foot container turnpike double in Canada"><img alt="53 foot container turnpike double in Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Road_train_%2827%29.jpg/120px-Road_train_%2827%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Road_train_%2827%29.jpg/180px-Road_train_%2827%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Road_train_%2827%29.jpg/240px-Road_train_%2827%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">53 foot container turnpike double in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UPS_Truck_in_Beatty_Nevada_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Triple trailer three 28.5-foot pups"><img alt="Triple trailer three 28.5-foot pups" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/UPS_Truck_in_Beatty_Nevada_%281%29.jpg/120px-UPS_Truck_in_Beatty_Nevada_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/UPS_Truck_in_Beatty_Nevada_%281%29.jpg/180px-UPS_Truck_in_Beatty_Nevada_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/UPS_Truck_in_Beatty_Nevada_%281%29.jpg/240px-UPS_Truck_in_Beatty_Nevada_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2826" data-file-height="1306" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Triple trailer three 28.5-foot pups</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B_double_yass_truck_stop.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A B-double tanker parked at a truck stop"><img alt="A B-double tanker parked at a truck stop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/B_double_yass_truck_stop.JPG/120px-B_double_yass_truck_stop.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/B_double_yass_truck_stop.JPG/180px-B_double_yass_truck_stop.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/B_double_yass_truck_stop.JPG/240px-B_double_yass_truck_stop.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A B-double tanker parked at a truck stop</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output 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.div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_brake_(road_vehicle)" title="Air brake (road vehicle)">Air brake (road vehicle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articulated_bus" title="Articulated bus">Articulated bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brake" title="Brake">Brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-train" class="mw-redirect" title="B-train">B-train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containerization" title="Containerization">Containerization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_on_barge" title="Container on barge">Container on barge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_ship" title="Container ship">Container ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_(trailer)" title="Dolly (trailer)">Dolly (trailer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bridge_Weight_Formula" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Bridge Weight Formula">Federal Bridge Weight Formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_wheel_coupling" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth wheel coupling">Fifth wheel coupling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladhand_connector" title="Gladhand connector">Gladhand connector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermodal_freight_transport" title="Intermodal freight transport">Intermodal freight transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackknifing" title="Jackknifing">Jackknifing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longer_Heavier_Vehicle" title="Longer Heavier Vehicle">Longer Heavier Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Network" title="National Network">National Network</a> – highway and interstate system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overland_train" title="Overland train">Overland train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringfeder" title="Ringfeder">Ringfeder</a> coupling devices</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_transport_in_Australia" title="Road transport in Australia">Road transport in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_highway" title="Rolling highway">Rolling highway</a> – freight trucks by rail</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-trailer_truck" title="Semi-trailer truck">Semi-trailer truck</a> – large trucks such as road trains and <a href="/wiki/Articulated" class="mw-redirect" title="Articulated">articulated</a> lorries</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">Shipping container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_intermodal_container_companies_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Top intermodal container companies list">Top intermodal container companies list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trackless_train" title="Trackless train">Trackless train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">Transport</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-definitions-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-definitions_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-definitions_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vintageroadhaulage.com.au/faq/what-is-a-road-train/">"What is a Road Train?"</a>. <i>X</i>. Vintage Road Haulage, Perth, Western Australia. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=X&rft.atitle=What+is+a+Road+Train%3F&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vintageroadhaulage.com.au%2Ffaq%2Fwhat-is-a-road-train%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoad+train" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuller1975" class="citation book cs1">Fuller, Basil (1975). <i>The Ghan: The Story of the Alice Springs Railway</i>. 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road train record</a>, 19 February 2006, ABC News.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macktrucks.com/default.aspx?pageid=1439">Bulldog Reclaims Record Down Under</a>, macktrucks.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.cision.com/volvo-trucks/r/volvo-fh16-and-i-shift-with-crawler-gears-pulls-750-tonnes-from-standstill,c9953536">"Volvo FH16 and I-Shift with crawler gears pulls 750 tonnes from standstill"</a>. 12 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Volvo+FH16+and+I-Shift+with+crawler+gears+pulls+750+tonnes+from+standstill&rft.date=2016-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.cision.com%2Fvolvo-trucks%2Fr%2Fvolvo-fh16-and-i-shift-with-crawler-gears-pulls-750-tonnes-from-standstill%2Cc9953536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoad+train" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_train&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Road_trains" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Road trains">Road trains</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://australianroadtrains.com.au">Australian Road Train Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080719123304/http://ntc.gov.au/ViewPage.aspx?page=A023014064000800200">Australian National Heavy Vehicles Accreditation Scheme.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipe.nt.gov.au/whatwedo/roadsafety/video/dwrt/index.html">Northern Territory Road Train road safety TV commercials.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070319001548/http://www.ipe.nt.gov.au/whatwedo/roadsafety/video/dwrt/index.html">Archived</a> 19 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070317045544/http://www.transport.sa.gov.au/freight/road/vehicle_configuration/road_train.asp">South Australian Roads road train gazette</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/heavyvehicles/downloads/permitnotices/roadtrainotice_general_05.pdf">NSW Roads and Traffic Authority road train operators gazette</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/heavyvehicles/downloads/rav_maps/rav_nsw/rav_nsw_index.pdf">NSW Roads and Traffic Authority Restricted Access Vehicles route map index</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/registration/downloads/vsi/vsi13.pdf">NSW Roads and Traffic Authority Reflective sign standards</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061001112759/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/otps/truck/wusr/chap07.htm">U.S. department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Chapter VII, Safety.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060928154413/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/otps/truck/wusr/wusrindex.htm">The U.S. Department of Transportation's Western Uniformity Scenario Analysis.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051215222426/http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/cvse/ctm/section_1_licensing/bulletin_6.pdf">British Columbia Government Licensing Bulletin 6</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061221091936/http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/cvse/ctm/section_4_oversize_overweight_specific_commodities/bulletin_41.pdf">British Columbia Government Licensing Bulletin 41</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discussit.org/transportation">Roadmap of technologies able to halve energy use per passenger mile includes the dynamically coupled, heterogeneous type of roadtrain</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://solartoday.wordpress.com/2008/04/15/trucking-plans-for-a-railroaded-future/">Road trains and electrification of transport</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140511193634/http://usafleetsupply.com/combinationvehicles.asp">Combination Vehicles for Commercial Drivers License</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Road_types" title="Template:Road types"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Road_types" title="Template talk:Road types"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Road_types" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Road types"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Road_hierarchy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Road</a> <a href="/wiki/Road_hierarchy" title="Road hierarchy">hierarchy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_road" title="Types of road">Types of road</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limited-access_road" title="Limited-access road">Limited-access</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_highway" title="Bicycle highway">Bicycle highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">Freeway / Motorway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevated_highway" title="Elevated highway">Elevated highway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Limited-access_roads_by_country" title="Category:Limited-access roads by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Australia" title="Highways in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Belgium#Road_transport" title="Transport in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Highway_System" title="Brazilian Highway System">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Canada" title="Roads in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_China" title="Expressways of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Croatia" title="Highways in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Highways in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Greece" title="Highways in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_and_roads_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of streets and roads in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_India" title="Roads in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-quality_dual_carriageway" title="High-quality dual carriageway">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Nepal" title="List of roads in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Pakistan" title="Roads in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Poland" title="Highways in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Portugal" title="Roads in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Spain" title="Highways in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_system_in_Taiwan" title="Highway system in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Roads in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States" title="Numbered highways in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arterial_road" title="Arterial road">Arterial road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collector_road" title="Collector road">Collector road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_highway" title="County highway">County highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local%E2%80%93express_lanes" title="Local–express lanes">Express–collector setup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm-to-market_road" title="Farm-to-market road">Farm-to-market road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_road" title="Link road">Link road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-lane_expressway" title="Two-lane expressway">Two-lane expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2%2B1_road" title="2+1 road">2+1 road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_road" title="2+2 road">2+2 road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkway" title="Parkway">Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">Ring road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_two" title="Super two">Super two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunk_road" title="Trunk road">Trunk road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_systems_by_country" title="Highway systems by country">Highway systems by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Alley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_(landscape)" title="Avenue (landscape)">Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_road" title="Back road">Back road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_boulevard" title="Bicycle boulevard">Bicycle boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard" title="Boulevard">Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_lane" title="Country lane">Country lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_end_street" title="Dead end street">Dead end</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driveway" title="Driveway">Driveway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontage_road" title="Frontage road">Frontage road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_lane_(road)" title="Green lane (road)">Green lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Street" title="Main Street">Main street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_road" title="Primitive road">Primitive road</a></li> <li>Road</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_road" title="Side road">Side road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_carriageway" title="Single carriageway">Single carriageway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-track_road" title="Single-track road">Single-track road</a></li> <li>Street</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunken_lane" title="Sunken lane">Sunken lane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concurrency_(road)" title="Concurrency (road)">Concurrency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detour" title="Detour">Detour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_hierarchy" title="Road hierarchy">Road hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_highway" title="Private highway">Private highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_number" title="Route number">Route number</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_route" title="Special route">special route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_route" title="Business route">business route</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_hierarchy" title="Street hierarchy">Street hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroad" title="Stroad">Stroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">Toll road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_road" title="Winter road">Winter road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Road_junction" title="Road junction">Road junctions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)" title="Interchange (road)">Interchanges</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Grade_separation" title="Grade separation">grade-separated</a>)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloverleaf_interchange" title="Cloverleaf interchange">Cloverleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_interchange" title="Diamond interchange">Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-flow_interchange" title="Free-flow interchange">Free-flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)#Directional_T_interchange" title="Interchange (road)">Directional T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diverging_diamond_interchange" title="Diverging diamond interchange">Diverging diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partial_cloverleaf_interchange" title="Partial cloverleaf interchange">Parclo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raindrop_interchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Raindrop interchange">Raindrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundabout_interchange" title="Roundabout interchange">Roundabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-point_urban_interchange" title="Single-point urban interchange">Single-point urban (SPUI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stack_interchange" title="Stack interchange">Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-level_diamond_interchange" title="Three-level diamond interchange">Three-level diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)#Trumpet_interchange" title="Interchange (road)">Trumpet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Intersection_(road)" title="Intersection (road)">Intersections<br /><span class="nobold">(at-grade)</span></a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three-way_junction" title="Three-way junction">3-way junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowtie_(road)" title="Bowtie (road)">Bowtie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_junction" title="Box junction">Box junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channelization_(roads)" title="Channelization (roads)">Channelization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous-flow_intersection" title="Continuous-flow intersection">Continuous flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_turn" title="Hook turn">Hook turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jughandle" title="Jughandle">Jughandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_left" title="Michigan left">Michigan left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offset_T-intersection" title="Offset T-intersection">Offset T-intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_intersection" title="Protected intersection">Protected intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrant_roadway_intersection" title="Quadrant roadway intersection">Quadrant roadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-in/right-out" title="Right-in/right-out">Right-in/right-out (RIRO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundabout" title="Roundabout">Roundabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagull_intersection" title="Seagull intersection">Seagull intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_intersection" title="Split intersection">Split intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstreet" title="Superstreet">Superstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_U-turn" title="Texas U-turn">Texas U-turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnaround_(road)" title="Turnaround (road)">Turnaround</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Road_surface" title="Road surface">Surfaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asphalt_concrete" title="Asphalt concrete">Asphalt concrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioasphalt" title="Bioasphalt">Bioasphalt</a></li> <li>Brick</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipseal" title="Chipseal">Chipseal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobblestone" title="Cobblestone">Cobblestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete#Roads" title="Concrete">Concrete</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">Reinforced concrete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corduroy_road" title="Corduroy road">Corduroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_cracking" title="Crocodile cracking">Crocodile cracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_stone" title="Crushed stone">Crushed stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_grinding_of_pavement" title="Diamond grinding of pavement">Diamond grinding of pavement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirt_road" title="Dirt road">Dirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_depth_recycling" title="Full depth recycling">Full depth recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassphalt" title="Glassphalt">Glassphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_road" title="Gravel road">Gravel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_road" title="Ice road">Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macadam" title="Macadam">Macadam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavement_milling" title="Pavement milling">Pavement milling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permeable_paving" title="Permeable paving">Permeable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plank_road" title="Plank road">Plank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_road" title="Plastic road">Plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubberized_asphalt" title="Rubberized asphalt">Rubberized asphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealcoat" title="Sealcoat">Sealcoat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sett_(paving)" title="Sett (paving)">Sett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamped_asphalt" title="Stamped asphalt">Stamped asphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmacadam" title="Tarmacadam">Tarmac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_texture" title="Road texture">Texture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Road_traffic_safety" title="Road traffic safety">Road safety<br />factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road and<br />environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaplaning" title="Aquaplaning">Aquaplaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche" title="Avalanche">Avalanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_ice" title="Black ice">Black ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_(roads)" title="Bleeding (roads)">Bleeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosswind" title="Crosswind">Crosswind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Man%27s_Curve" title="Dead Man's Curve">Dead Man's Curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_joint" title="Expansion joint">Expansion joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">Fog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_(crossing)" title="Ford (crossing)">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairpin_turn" title="Hairpin turn">Hairpin turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level_crossing" title="Level crossing">Level crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhole_cover" title="Manhole cover">Manhole cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_spill" title="Oil spill">Oil spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oversize_load" title="Oversize load">Oversize load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothole" title="Pothole">Pothole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_debris" title="Road debris">Road debris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_slipperiness" title="Road slipperiness">Road slipperiness</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Road train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadkill" title="Roadkill">Roadkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockfall" title="Rockfall">Rockfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rut_(roads)" title="Rut (roads)">Rut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_bump" title="Speed bump">Speed bump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_drain" title="Storm drain">Storm drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_light" title="Traffic light">Traffic light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_sign" title="Traffic sign">Traffic sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washboarding" title="Washboarding">Washboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washout_(erosion)" title="Washout (erosion)">Washout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteout_(weather)" title="Whiteout (weather)">Whiteout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_squall" title="Snow squall">Snow squall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traffic_psychology" title="Traffic psychology">Human factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Driver%27s_education" title="Driver's education">Driver's education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence">Driving under the influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drowsy_driving" title="Drowsy driving">Drowsy driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_rage" title="Road rage">Road rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-vehicle_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-vehicle crash">Single-vehicle crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airbag" title="Airbag">Airbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_safety" title="Automotive safety">Automotive safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seat_belt" title="Seat belt">Seat belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_compensation#Road_transport" title="Risk compensation">Risk compensation (road transport)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underride_guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Underride guard">Underride guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traffic#Rules_of_the_road" title="Traffic">Space and<br />time allocation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrier_transfer_machine" title="Barrier transfer machine">Barrier transfer machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_lane" title="Bike lane">Bike lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_lane" title="Climbing lane">Climbing lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complete_streets" title="Complete streets">Complete streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraflow_lane" title="Contraflow lane">Contraflow lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraflow_lane_reversal" title="Contraflow lane reversal">Contraflow lane reversal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-occupancy_toll_lane" title="High-occupancy toll lane">High-occupancy toll lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-occupancy_vehicle_lane" title="High-occupancy vehicle lane">High-occupancy vehicle lane</a></li> <li>Lane</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_street" title="Living street">Living street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managed_lane" title="Managed lane">Managed lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_strip" title="Median strip">Median / Central reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_lane" title="Motorcycle lane">Motorcycle lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_lane" title="Passing lane">Passing lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_crossing" title="Pedestrian crossing">Pedestrian crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">Pedestrian zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_island" title="Refuge island">Refuge island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversible_lane" title="Reversible lane">Reversible lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_diet" title="Road diet">Road diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_verge" title="Road verge">Road verge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runaway_truck_ramp" title="Runaway truck ramp">Runaway truck ramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_space" title="Shared space">Shared space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk" title="Sidewalk">Sidewalk / Pavement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_(road)" title="Shoulder (road)">Shoulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_running_train" title="Street running train">Street-running railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_calming" title="Traffic calming">Traffic calming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Traffic directionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_island" title="Traffic island">Traffic island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_lanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic lanes">Traffic lanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_signal_preemption" title="Traffic signal preemption">Traffic signal preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truck_bypass" title="Truck bypass">Truck bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unused_highway" title="Unused highway">Unused highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_outside_lane" title="Wide outside lane">Wide outside lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woonerf" title="Woonerf">Woonerf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demarcation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bollard" title="Bollard">Bollard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botts%27_dots" title="Botts' dots">Botts' dots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_barrier" title="Cable barrier">Cable barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%27s_eye_(road)" title="Cat's eye (road)">Cat's eye (road)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_step_barrier" title="Concrete step barrier">Concrete step barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant-slope_barrier" title="Constant-slope barrier">Constant-slope barrier</a></li> <li>Curb</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-shape_barrier" title="F-shape barrier">F-shape barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_rail" title="Guard rail">Guard rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_barrier" title="Jersey barrier">Jersey barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel_kerb" title="Kassel kerb">Kassel kerb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_barrier" title="Noise barrier">Noise barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_pavement_marker" title="Raised pavement marker">Raised pavement marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_surface_marking" title="Road surface marking">Road surface marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumble_strip" title="Rumble strip">Rumble strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_barrier" title="Traffic barrier">Traffic barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_cone" title="Traffic cone">Traffic cone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causeway" title="Causeway">Causeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpass" title="Overpass">Overpass / Flyover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">Underpass / Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performance<br />indicators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pavement_condition_index" title="Pavement condition index">Pavement condition index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_roughness_index" title="International roughness index">International roughness index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Present_serviceability_index" title="Present serviceability index">Present serviceability index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavement_performance_modeling" title="Pavement performance modeling">Pavement performance modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granular_base_equivalency" title="Granular base equivalency">Granular base equivalency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_road_transport_terms" title="Glossary of road transport terms">Glossary of road transport terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_road_types_by_features" class="mw-redirect" title="List of road types by features">Road types by features</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Road_train&oldid=1255841844#B-double">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Road_train&oldid=1255841844#B-double</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trucks" title="Category:Trucks">Trucks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trains" title="Category:Trains">Trains</a></li><li><a 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