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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Form of cell death</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Caseous necrosis</th></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuberculous_lymph_node_with_caseating_granuloma_40X.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tuberculous_lymph_node_with_caseating_granuloma_40X.jpg/220px-Tuberculous_lymph_node_with_caseating_granuloma_40X.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tuberculous_lymph_node_with_caseating_granuloma_40X.jpg/330px-Tuberculous_lymph_node_with_caseating_granuloma_40X.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tuberculous_lymph_node_with_caseating_granuloma_40X.jpg/440px-Tuberculous_lymph_node_with_caseating_granuloma_40X.jpg 2x" data-file-width="997" data-file-height="749" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Micrograph showing caseous necrosis of a tuberculous lymph node. H&E stain. Histological specimens are normally obtained from supraclavicular lymph nodes to demonstrate caseous necrosis.</td></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuberculosis_-_Sub-pleural_primary_(Ghon)_focus_(6596011395).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tuberculosis_-_Sub-pleural_primary_%28Ghon%29_focus_%286596011395%29.jpg/220px-Tuberculosis_-_Sub-pleural_primary_%28Ghon%29_focus_%286596011395%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tuberculosis_-_Sub-pleural_primary_%28Ghon%29_focus_%286596011395%29.jpg/330px-Tuberculosis_-_Sub-pleural_primary_%28Ghon%29_focus_%286596011395%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tuberculosis_-_Sub-pleural_primary_%28Ghon%29_focus_%286596011395%29.jpg/440px-Tuberculosis_-_Sub-pleural_primary_%28Ghon%29_focus_%286596011395%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="1929" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Subpleural caseous necrosis (<a href="/wiki/Ghon_focus" title="Ghon focus">Ghon focus</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">Pathology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Complication_(medicine)" title="Complication (medicine)">Complications</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lung_cavity" title="Lung cavity">Lung cavity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Causes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Caseous necrosis</b> or <b>caseous degeneration</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a unique form of cell death in which the tissue maintains a cheese-like appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-Cotran_2010._Pg._16_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cotran_2010._Pg._16-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike with <a href="/wiki/Coagulative_necrosis" title="Coagulative necrosis">coagulative necrosis</a>, tissue structure is destroyed. Caseous necrosis is enclosed within a <a href="/wiki/Granuloma" title="Granuloma">granuloma</a>. Caseous necrosis is most notably associated with <a href="/wiki/Tuberculoma" title="Tuberculoma">tuberculoma</a>. The dead tissue appears as a soft and white <b>proteinaceous dead cell mass</b>. </p><p>The term <i>caseous</i> means 'pertaining or related to <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a>',<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and comes from the Latin word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">caseus</i></span> 'cheese'.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histology">Histology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caseous_necrosis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Histology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Renal_tuberculosis_(6539942987).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Renal_tuberculosis_%286539942987%29.jpg/220px-Renal_tuberculosis_%286539942987%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="369" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Renal_tuberculosis_%286539942987%29.jpg/330px-Renal_tuberculosis_%286539942987%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Renal_tuberculosis_%286539942987%29.jpg/440px-Renal_tuberculosis_%286539942987%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1568" data-file-height="2631" /></a><figcaption>Caseous necrosis in the kidney</figcaption></figure> <p>In caseous necrosis no histological architecture is preserved (unlike with <a href="/wiki/Coagulative_necrosis" title="Coagulative necrosis">coagulative necrosis</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On microscopic examination with <a href="/wiki/H%26E" class="mw-redirect" title="H&E">H&E</a> staining, the area is acellular, characterised by amorphous, roughly granular eosinophilic debris of now dead cells,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also containing interspearsed haematoxyphilic remnants of cell nucleus contents.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This caseus necrotic center is enclosed within a <a href="/wiki/Granuloma" title="Granuloma">granuloma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caseous_necrosis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frequently caseous necrosis is characteristically associated with tuberculomas.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A similar appearance can be associated with <a href="/wiki/Histoplasmosis" title="Histoplasmosis">histoplasmosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cryptococcosis" title="Cryptococcosis">cryptococcosis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coccidioidomycosis" title="Coccidioidomycosis">coccidioidomycosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-urlPulmonary_Pathology_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlPulmonary_Pathology-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pathophysiology">Pathophysiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caseous_necrosis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pathophysiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This begins as infection is recognized by the body and <a href="/wiki/Macrophage" title="Macrophage">macrophages</a> begin walling off the <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microorganisms</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pathogenic_bacteria" title="Pathogenic bacteria">pathogens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As macrophages release chemicals that digest cells, the cells begin to die. As the cells die they disintegrate but are not completely digested and the debris of the disintegrated cells clump together creating soft granular mass that has the appearance of cheese.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As cell death begins, the granuloma forms and cell death continues the inflammatory response is mediated by a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some data suggests that the epithelioid morphology and associated barrier function of host macrophages associated with <a href="/wiki/Granuloma" title="Granuloma">granulomas</a> may prevent effective immune clearance of mycobacteria.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caseous_necrosis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/caseous+degeneration">"caseous degeneration"</a>. <i>TheFreeDictionary.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheFreeDictionary.com&rft.atitle=caseous+degeneration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com%2Fcaseous%2Bdegeneration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaseous+necrosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxford-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oxford_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oxford_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210903080650/https://www.lexico.com/definition/caseous">"Caseous | Meaning of Caseous by Lexico"</a>. <i>Lexico Dictionaries | English</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/definition/caseous">the original</a> on September 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexico+Dictionaries+%26%23124%3B+English&rft.atitle=Caseous+%26%23124%3B+Meaning+of+Caseous+by+Lexico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fcaseous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaseous+necrosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cotran_2010._Pg._16-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cotran_2010._Pg._16_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th Ed. 2010. Pg. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wordreference.com/definition/caseous">"caseous - WordReference.com Dictionary of English"</a>. <i>www.wordreference.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wordreference.com&rft.atitle=caseous+-+WordReference.com+Dictionary+of+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wordreference.com%2Fdefinition%2Fcaseous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaseous+necrosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCross2013" class="citation book cs1">Cross, Simon S. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.amboss.com&rft.atitle=Cellular+changes+and+adaptive+responses+%E2%80%93+Knowledge+for+medical+students+and+physicians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amboss.com%2Fus%2Fknowledge%2FCellular_changes_and_adaptive_responses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaseous+necrosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webpath.med.utah.edu/TUTORIAL/MTB/MTB.html">"Tuberculosis"</a>. <i>webpath.med.utah.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webpath.med.utah.edu&rft.atitle=Tuberculosis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebpath.med.utah.edu%2FTUTORIAL%2FMTB%2FMTB.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaseous+necrosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhattacharya2016" class="citation journal cs1">Bhattacharya, Mallar (2016-11-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aal0066">"Macrophages build a wall and the host pays for it"</a>. <i>Science Translational Medicine</i>. <b>8</b> (364): 364ec178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscitranslmed.aal0066">10.1126/scitranslmed.aal0066</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1946-6234">1946-6234</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:51606274">51606274</a>.</cite><span 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100204015722/http://www.pathguy.com/~lulo/lulo0029.htm">Microscope images of caseous necrosis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webpath.med.utah.edu/INFLHTML/INFL052.html">Image of a hilar lymph node demonstrating caseous necrosis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webpath.med.utah.edu/ENDOHTML/ENDO008.html">Image of a caseating granuloma of tuberculosis in the adrenal gland</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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