CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "help.ft.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8ec5e9eae8e9f8d2',cH: 'xX55ElNcwg13CcRdrNxg0O_oMN89WAovqeUDG9z4ttw-1733253623-1.2.1.1-7mzg6Ob6O.EqBgdrKjSUw6hf.IN5zC7h.g5.eSzA9U9WuyRq4ziSRfp6.aYzws51',cUPMDTk: "\/legal-privacy\/terms-and-conditions\/?__cf_chl_tk=AlLtpNNqEmFcvq2hZJNTpKPvetCPfbBHQxzmwMGfIA8-1733253623-1.0.1.1-rTNO4jyhCxrXRvO6pcbK3oYIjhn43fDt7wAUNjEWrI4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1733253623',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/legal-privacy\/terms-and-conditions\/?__cf_chl_f_tk=AlLtpNNqEmFcvq2hZJNTpKPvetCPfbBHQxzmwMGfIA8-1733253623-1.0.1.1-rTNO4jyhCxrXRvO6pcbK3oYIjhn43fDt7wAUNjEWrI4",md: "CERE9UD5WnvFpUqnw3sdLA55n_K4oUIxZtrWPcuShnc-1733253623-1.2.1.1-2mb_6NauY3togSIhWfqZ1hOcK2FmbFxR1vPU8ggYz8fM44jzVa2GY6BVuN0U1s7EmoViWaQXn5wmFklEiWNzyTrduNU5hlLx6QQpBSbEOKbTJTUHrQtnlMjXMlJDD3WfPFHSstHq8Qq9SUdYGpA4YWARVrQcN1HF0J_GOq5nehPWxXkg52WUJeN2vlEutcKB6ODnzfecGvBodbc1nBdG65Z2KKkhX5OoT3zxv_ALhgJs2Z8xhQ2Y_9hvopaWv3PkcA5w4FwslgQlzps9lGwBA.8ithQ.pvUXljjB98_LpHwI.EX10S09BIeGf7LYNSYwL0JFEOVrPNay3urLVkdnZZjPIIZoMhZSKBDCZgGPAbbknhobfPLyWckXEqGZYsRnQLOxUx6nfrggqHsruZ0uij3LhCIulvhckgT2Szdu7zD9aM.6hcmFSeAfBPIYu5yhMvLW.aeueQnW2fd2jl8Uqn4e6mdDxg43JCAgZx70I7TinE7GHAFEu81DGeh5Kr8P96dXkoyJ4i3vr52VnKO7ZZ4iArGq7clnET8kiIMOu98rWtYW1TZaYeBLxp8LEYm3cH4FZZrH5bjYjbPa7ZVY.bGwrmFW0x2Q5U_siIXPcJRBYIp0XSuSaLNmbtVAF6.qhh6aZyVx4ndblmfLMgj7UDsjgU.uuSSaoe6Qw9J5pJ_9XidapkVgdKKx5ek_q_mh2D3BRcmGj2KnHMIDwrQAK18eQfvnZl3WOQm91vWdHhUdkgcftf9b08NEKzHm1DSAVDROx1K3Mkk4mDaQF5omnmfasY7geaFe0Vs1j.0A_kNsmR4kiIBc1P3SFIy6CH_gWMnpulEzCSL5rOBdvsAn863dfyrV4gD3ox597MJRX2Xeq9auXYbd8R8Pa7kX0.2pI7IGMDJxcTnZoSjKuc5W3fzlxdOmKztJh0pLogn.oQrj2nS.BuJzHK6Jp8IkD9kjJSGkJf5A0QNzpludpmMhcDS4XvQyhtATRZ3hQSIh_hC4IhBeW24ylrIxIuzjs5GQ8OLYWqO0qnvxVdlFz01tB1l1AUFSt3IOyMS4NmbxCgsmFmmaqMsjRybxU2KolX1QkRARMEOeRvqXxnukPBIxeaRyAMIO6vpDJnl0Fue3ODqwCCo_jY_h6LA8R7STjNgu0yGIhEzfwkXlSPQPII.hygD6K1NnVHBuGCEq9xRHoT2jjSJMWAypcShXpTJaPgln_XqLlvoIsWRc7JAKuRpai9tA9ePoeQrkfoOoHKR5SuMu_NyjqRiKYrN6v8._Q8rCSguKGACYXif3M_lPxV6.0dRq1KhN1lmL54c._iGZXYm7Eo8uj1FQrjcooQirG8j8V4YAq9qYrXJrPfG3K71ov.CI88ZdV9J7Bz.nlTcSxSluWDqDf79Q8BVY2NLqpIcKBmJ2jfSTFnQmCO2wMhiJfGtHN0Fh3_2prCPU4lVxp4OowuwUxxe6o.3jBmYBF8QKHDTmvT4QHOuk_iSYDfDN1JtftTWQnIqWqock9_OY72A243caJKVrjnM6OLMvqmeX.Yas8LhSSdWmesSSDOUEPB5k3PY9uNi1rOuzWQspuGpuUzejCT_9MJKWnf2ctQIjyI0R9plkaHyhIfTQsCfT5ggE9L9GqdduD5JHzAEg9WbzhlufzQWZS3UpU8hnlrlMNfYndOoqps06aXL3PCVMl3VIZUbniftM_l_zw7C7Ecn0N0hIy7xV5HxAKFk_334bxPQBp6UhXEWtGZ0GDpdatJ7HxN11.imBZIpaXzq_pv2Y0DmSeWzlhRRTMJC.rLIUj5LrcPCmAPxwVB_I26ZUYa4IAogkTOhJszQbWPcdcUEM.OgVmRHo4GBqh4foFkFfT2Ih5mqfV2fRwdokWJv3v4CY3eU8MpZNrbK.hBD9d3Bl0SLtVH7lcaN62RPJxC9lP1JyuivPRLdvhyz1xhir6ifHShxrhW7FkaSN88WgeZPZ6XVJDI.QEJR1pDfHlxHE7SfqQn6gepmOXDZmsXKStokH7FhD3jUrnt_aIKExsXaa.ETq.EkFNya3ZzQS6KOY3zV.bEeA4JpAsIFpRWvtIm6aabRDiaeaI73usBnlxIvP8lEubDM3sNVEXES6U3ylJCygZrFUOwoxNwWmvmdO_8trEiaQnozQaO5Zp_ZTvyY.zNiMjbC0pai2eJVEctshhBzU8EP9mSgxXQSBaWOD0dOiitv93FLcAtVrLK2tjhvybc5C7BXMoOitcbNhFlPvMDrjk8c0xJO41HrQZjoD5YWc2StLYISOvgc0jnWRJwBFHWKWqsAIKozBSkXJSYN6HWOh33Dw1Vo5yNT7uXR33LQeTXZDFT0Wm3RplpLyd7pbfPKiASoFl2O6pSBKN1EPOr5SlVsRGKGO4wR0T2t881nIs0KHnJPM9ImgPWVRT_TuR.rbxJeAOjtj3ZoupmmtLieOgkPPEHuZSQgsNu_ZbFZYRxdzA2hSIE9El4CH9RWSs5rgonjNwAo4rAIHP7h2ZinJUQNMsj2N4WtP8MxRyCVJ3dYq_yylyTGdFr0oqrQrHUm1CosPWO_VvcxXaHpy1A6WXCgNcMProzl1QAf9i6EN8jqkAC_ip8VJIs6_N6Yh2n7tp38JxHoIotDb1iaowbbCuu6wrlfEvpCvlQLXxb2kTUYS63mdlNWCJBluCbjOoer9C3DwKs7jyKAJ0LyHhz8KY6GzLIwXYnOYb9j0qb9Ar1lIDzpXpcZ_sDZfoO3FYWZYpi5hdf5yF.8ps7vRBLoNmwW1yaMEOKoK_xInhmySJhfrivTt5UkyKtn2GosZ2jsJkVKXysfIZ5eS2eQMp_nMNrHKxKjUoqQOwd3_oLrUkVj1k1EcAFWLUYMAhY4gd1oqGAGpiAu1LtGFcz.fCqreIbfe7Oenar68bdtvxXWLdlHC4iSUaj0ZlVO0qogeACpoUBLHQTZtx3NL8oxdbywYj_X2TKy2SGNizxQluQ",mdrd: "S7OCB03yY.AdNUXAu0D_GAcp4XYxM9D6uMNpEFQzOlQ-1733253623-1.2.1.1-y4BzyQ0X40I0UVdzDCmhDXL3GQgR1rwi2UYrlfxc2wkwERM2uyDtYFhiBEVz4HbrwgKj9R_Wc0rj1gvSP0qAMC8vb1xdTV3V7BMVTYSenWSGdQJ7RLrTfqk4JXUqrH9by_xTW5PhwpHKshsstlnIFVOWFuKPGhqFjnTY15wxdhFM6ws.9YERkmQuviBDhwSp2Z1y3uKmzdte3L3E43hgxNGpSjaUmNfxNOKmxUTlRSeT.u8rexrsAhnYoUedG7ElPVRjupWoF_XDWXdUlAqw0DqN86HtKOHaMeR_ZZeuiWV5TgNAqNvU.Gg8WXJvvHZ2aqBWPdLaJE8O1vH4Yhbo1Z7WyF3hkDEDBbG5uPCu8rPjptK_EWO9X0EJyjG1z7SMjwjT08HlLOwUptHL_gi2UgfNN.Y_sSZHWyoINjsJUej7T3lqKJer7xVWVmkuJ_keT0s2BGxRnwd8JlRcrjXnKcd1zp7f1qQimFMsz1fOArtzAFfIwWlUjE5.pCOuDB7keKBRvK_Trn_ugqO1fEuCzuxl9u2ado4yxIoNXB08qdvLdbUnGRE49q3TQQno5dga7qo8CUvZe8IAbucPJxt6JxuiZ3uJBokF0UGwBlOZMKToEZAbHp2RUAHxwl4SuNxM80v.XmQ6WpSc9dRJQn.BlqEkKUO3.3pfyovaKN8ldVcR9RHXexRRezF15hErpnjmB7whO.x1BtDb0QF5CdTr.bv1rpqtO62hAUDiUqJ47.bicWdHFsrR.6zvOvXS.F1WbMcHkTWN3aht5zbQW3h_kfaRDCY2H1dduvOHKuOwqjJOJ0OiW4kSq28miD_FtExgQqmAn0MDpyrAQo00zm4S8ahNvEFpJlZhNvE5ovmc1nFlJ4y1BogOR_VnDfea9fy6hoTAL8ykcwoVmd2F4GmWx9nmtMPXPjWPLzFfSQ8lOodzODSAESNy4qPIZTC3MNF770gsxly9u_TJXf73BazPzKuqvL5iMZRXma2ZKcMP2qLDGTCrlQqkvJhnr.PjePY1zRe_eYXnv929GOA8WLo.04jGlKMHUt3cW9KDYh.btUmbm4IyF_dfDdKRhw16n3Utdg6KJBvWctptNX1OI3vA02fd4UbBB_V4bWhqJToBBO29SlJxDFyb5LbCg7FwqH.cx0_BQG56IAcu7MAON07e5MXe9xydrzBV8YnDfurUD3_N6TJkvIX84j4BE0pvP7.9NJdjQhd5l_hiPnfeackRgsaVDuRDtQEafku81duUXANy8n.1RBZ9SjsG_g5k_aN8tLDD.b07OKMUezRJoHCcKYQAVBz9b_siOMxiDfZJZMiJmzmsfh7Kp9GGd3Y9d.7Ve6Bh9ztTRJvor5qk9Am2c.EG1dbbQHOM6H2ZP6CDYRgnNVujwZ2Sxflwp420GE5YPgaQB.oq6vS5xmnqRhQRo9WvXFjN9ZiKnSRIhgovM6DupMhINcoEfZ1xAymHMIUWmeLSlehut6IROjYDErinuBgpqRodXQVZ6ZA_ruH_wQIhHl8MHRUJ4Rcrd9ZLnxvj_kUAi4L.A4ZCRazBJXudLMw2mvpfmSfT.9LLxstL6Uv33XmzA6Ye_zT6ULyMQ3jF8IBaZAQGN90cblQK15U0tGLexfvLsSILlZu7fTgc2RGxTSkvGiT_wuK1VT5xFSRDzrR7uT8LwCdL8omFvBLJibzuNuekNsqEquvotmxiGGSKB2uW32VZ8pbkZy5CWnFJd5YtpvbwqIupnEjiiZrYSMFp14YmcjHAV62am0ZVx9_d0XcwKDn_rxJyz8sJ5Oi1Ivj_oIOz4pnWfHW2VY3I_wPFBN.rh_NYUGUx05R3wodYY_NAQfy6YVQj7lo4RflAeljytIhreuVPeuhQ57j.kscsX6iPV9x00kQ1e1vS.iZqvMekBchHLgmpB5bTJuhWLcm6AnXGUnp3r_Ij1R_LMVtxdahbszhJup.sLZh2Rto"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8ec5e9eae8e9f8d2';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/legal-privacy\/terms-and-conditions\/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=AlLtpNNqEmFcvq2hZJNTpKPvetCPfbBHQxzmwMGfIA8-1733253623-1.0.1.1-rTNO4jyhCxrXRvO6pcbK3oYIjhn43fDt7wAUNjEWrI4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>