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media</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: sand media"> <meta name="keywords" content="sand media"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="sand media"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3702</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: sand media</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3702</span> Response of Six Organic Soil Media on the Germination, Seedling Vigor Performance of Jack Fruit Seeds in Chitwan Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birendra%20Kumar%20Bhattachan">Birendra Kumar Bhattachan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic soil media plays an important role for seed germination, growing, and producing organic jack fruits as the source of food such as vitamin A, C, and others for human health. An experiment was conducted to find out the appropriate organic soil medias to induce germination and seedling vigor of jack fruit seeds at the farm of Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU) Chitwan Nepal during June 2022 to October 2022. The organic soil medias used as treatments were as 1. soil collected under the Molingia tree; 2. soil, FYM and RH (2:1;1); 3. soil, FYM (1:1); 4. sand, FYM and RH (2:1:1), 5, sand, soil, FYM and RH (1:1:1:1) and 6. sand, soil and RH (1:2:1) under Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. Significantly highest germination of 88% was induced by soil media, followed by media of soil and FYM (!:1) i.e. 63% and the media of soil, FYM and RH (2:1;1) and the least media was sand, soil, FYM and RH (1:1:1:) to induce germination of 28%. Significantly highest seedling length of 73 cm was produced by soil media followed by the media soil, sand, and RH (1:2:1), i.e. 72 cm and the media soil, sand, FYM, and RH (1:1:1:1) and the least media was soil, FYM and RH (2:1:1) to produce 62 cm seedling length, Similarly, significantly highest seedling vigor of 6257 was produced by soil media followed by the media soil and FYM (1:1) i.e. 4253 and the least was the media sand, soil, FYM and RH (1:1:1:1) to produce seedling vigor of1916. Based on this experiment, it was concluded that soil media collected under the Moringia tree could induce the highest germinating capacity of jack fruit seeds and then seedling vigor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jack%20fruit%20seed" title="jack fruit seed">jack fruit seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20media" title=" soil media"> soil media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farm%20yard%20manure" title=" farm yard manure"> farm yard manure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand%20media" title=" sand media"> sand media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk" title=" rice husk"> rice husk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144173/response-of-six-organic-soil-media-on-the-germination-seedling-vigor-performance-of-jack-fruit-seeds-in-chitwan-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3701</span> Comparing the Durability of Saudi Silica Sands for Use in Foundry Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Alsagour">Mahdi Alsagour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sam%20Ramrattan"> Sam Ramrattan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper was developed to investigate two types of sands from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for potential use in the global metal casting industry. Four types of sands were selected for study, two of the sand systems investigated are natural sands from the KSA. The third sand sample is a heat processed synthetic sand and the last sample is commercially available US silica sand that is used as a control in the study. The purpose of this study is to define the durability of the four sand systems selected for foundry usage. Additionally, chemical analysis of the sand systems is presented before and after elevated temperature exposure. Results show that Saudi silica sands are durable and can be used in foundry processing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20molding%20media" title="alternative molding media">alternative molding media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundry%20sand" title=" foundry sand"> foundry sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reclamation" title=" reclamation"> reclamation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20sand" title=" silica sand"> silica sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specialty%20sand" title=" specialty sand"> specialty sand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109687/comparing-the-durability-of-saudi-silica-sands-for-use-in-foundry-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3700</span> Displacement Fields in Footing-Sand Interactions under Cyclic Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Joseph%20Antony">S. Joseph Antony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20K.%20Jahanger"> Z. K. Jahanger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soils are subjected to cyclic loading in situ in situations such as during earthquakes and in the compaction of pavements. Investigations on the local scale measurement of the displacements of the grain and failure patterns within the soil bed under the cyclic loading conditions are rather limited. In this paper, using the digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV), local scale displacement fields of a dense sand medium interacting with a rigid footing are measured under the plane-strain condition for two commonly used types of cyclic loading, and the quasi-static loading condition for the purposes of comparison. From the displacement measurements of the grains, the failure envelopes of the sand media are also presented. The results show that, the ultimate cyclic bearing capacity (qultcyc) occurred corresponding to a relatively higher settlement value when compared with that of under the quasi-static loading. For the sand media under the cyclic loading conditions considered here, the displacement fields in the soil media occurred more widely in the horizontal direction and less deeper along the vertical direction when compared with that of under the quasi-static loading. The 'dead zone' in the sand grains beneath the footing is identified for all types of the loading conditions studied here. These grain-scale characteristics have implications on the resulting bulk bearing capacity of the sand media in footing-sand interaction problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20loading" title="cyclic loading">cyclic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DPIV" title=" DPIV"> DPIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title=" settlement"> settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-structure%20interactions" title=" soil-structure interactions"> soil-structure interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strip%20footing" title=" strip footing"> strip footing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99457/displacement-fields-in-footing-sand-interactions-under-cyclic-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3699</span> Contribution of Algerians Local Materials on the Compressive Strengths of Concrete: Experimental and Numerical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Lyes%20Kamel%20Khouadjia">Mohamed Lyes Kamel Khouadjia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouzidi%20Mezghiche"> Bouzidi Mezghiche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The evolution in the civil engineering and carried out more consumption of aggregates and particularly the sand. Due to the depletion of natural reserves of sand, it is necessary to focus on the use of local materials such as crushed sand, river sand and dune sand, mineral additions. The aim of this work is to improve the state of knowledge on the compressive strengths of crushed sands with several mixtures (dune sand, river sand, pozzolan, and slag). The obtained results were compared with numerical results obtained with the software Béton Lab Pro 3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crushed%20sand" title="crushed sand">crushed sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20sand" title=" river sand"> river sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dune%20sand" title=" dune sand"> dune sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pouzzolan" title=" pouzzolan"> pouzzolan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slag" title=" slag"> slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strengths" title=" compressive strengths"> compressive strengths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B%C3%A9ton%20Lab%20Pro%203" title=" Béton Lab Pro 3"> Béton Lab Pro 3</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32109/contribution-of-algerians-local-materials-on-the-compressive-strengths-of-concrete-experimental-and-numerical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32109.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3698</span> A Sustainable and Low-Cost Filter to Treat Pesticides in Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Abbas">T. Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20McEvoy"> J. McEvoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Khan"> E. Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pesticide contamination in water supply is a common environmental problem in rural agricultural communities. Advanced water treatment processes such as membrane filtration and adsorption on activated carbon only remove pesticides from water without degrading them into less toxic/easily degradable compounds leaving behind contaminated brine and activated carbon that need to be managed. Rural communities which normally cannot afford expensive water treatment technologies need an economical and sustainable filter which not only treats pesticides from water but also degrades them into benign products. In this study, iron turning waste experimented as potential point-of-use filtration media for the removal/degradation of a mixture of six chlorinated pesticides (lindane, heptachlor, endosulfan, dieldrin, endrin, and DDT) in water. As a common and traditional medium for water filtration, sand was also tested along with iron turning waste. Iron turning waste was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-Ray analyzer. Four glass columns with different filter media layer configurations were set up: (1) only sand, (2) only iron turning, (3) sand and iron turning (two separate layers), and (4) sand, iron turning and sand (three separate layers). The initial pesticide concentration and flow rate were 2 μg/L and 10 mL/min. Results indicate that sand filtration was effective only for the removal of DDT (100%) and endosulfan (94-96%). Iron turning filtration column effectively removed endosulfan, endrin, and dieldrin (85-95%) whereas the lindane and DDT removal were 79-85% and 39-56%, respectively. The removal efficiencies for heptachlor, endosulfan, endrin, dieldrin, and DDT were 90-100% when sand and iron turning waste (two separate layers) were used. However, better removal efficiencies (93-100%) for five out of six pesticides were achieved, when sand, iron turning and sand (three separate layers) were used as filtration media. Moreover, the effects of water pH, amounts of media, and minerals present in water such as magnesium, sodium, calcium, and nitrate on the removal of pesticides were examined. Results demonstrate that iron turning waste efficiently removed all the pesticides under studied parameters. Also, it completely de-chlorinated all the pesticides studied and based on the detection of by-products, the degradation mechanisms for all six pesticides were proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticide%20contamination" title="pesticide contamination">pesticide contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20communities" title=" rural communities"> rural communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20turning%20waste" title=" iron turning waste"> iron turning waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filtration" title=" filtration"> filtration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92337/a-sustainable-and-low-cost-filter-to-treat-pesticides-in-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3697</span> Characteristic Study of Polymer Sand as a Potential Substitute for Natural River Sand in Construction Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Khupsare">Abhishek Khupsare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Parmar"> Ajay Parmar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Agarwal"> Ajay Agarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swapnil%20Wanjari"> Swapnil Wanjari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The extreme demand for aggregate leads to the exploitation of river-bed for fine aggregates, affecting the environment adversely. Therefore, a suitable alternative to natural river sand is essentially required. This study focuses on preventing environmental impact by developing polymer sand to replace natural river sand (NRS). Development of polymer sand by mixing high volume fly ash, bottom ash, cement, natural river sand, and locally purchased high solid content polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticizer (HS-PCE). All the physical and chemical properties of polymer sand (P-Sand) were observed and satisfied the requirement of the Indian Standard code. P-Sand yields good specific gravity of 2.31 and is classified as zone-I sand with a satisfactory friction angle (37˚) compared to natural river sand (NRS) and Geopolymer fly ash sand (GFS). Though the water absorption (6.83%) and pH (12.18) are slightly more than those of GFS and NRS, the alkali silica reaction and soundness are well within the permissible limit as per Indian Standards. The chemical analysis by X-Ray fluorescence showed the presence of high amounts of SiO2 and Al2O3 with magnitudes of 58.879% 325 and 26.77%, respectively. Finally, the compressive strength of M-25 grade concrete using P-sand and Geopolymer sand (GFS) was observed to be 87.51% and 83.82% with respect to natural river sand (NRS) after 28 days, respectively. The results of this study indicate that P-sand can be a good alternative to NRS for construction work as it not only reduces the environmental effect due to sand mining but also focuses on utilising fly ash and bottom ash. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20sand" title="polymer sand">polymer sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bottom%20ash" title=" bottom ash"> bottom ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HSPCE%20plasticizer" title=" HSPCE plasticizer"> HSPCE plasticizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20sand%20mining" title=" river sand mining"> river sand mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172622/characteristic-study-of-polymer-sand-as-a-potential-substitute-for-natural-river-sand-in-construction-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3696</span> Velocity Distribution in Open Channels with Sand: An Experimental Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Keramaris">E. Keramaris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, laboratory experiments in open channel flows over a sand bed were conducted. A porous bed (sand bed) with porosity of ε=0.70 and porous thickness of s΄=3 cm was tested. Vertical distributions of velocity were evaluated by using a two-dimensional (2D) Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Velocity profiles are measured above the impermeable bed and above the sand bed for the same different total water heights (h= 6, 8, 10 and 12 cm) and for the same slope S=1.5. Measurements of mean velocity indicate the effects of the bed material used (sand bed) on the flow characteristics (Velocity distribution and Reynolds number) in comparison with those above the impermeable bed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20image%20velocimetry" title="particle image velocimetry">particle image velocimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand%20bed" title=" sand bed"> sand bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20distribution" title=" velocity distribution"> velocity distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reynolds%20number" title=" Reynolds number"> Reynolds number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46893/velocity-distribution-in-open-channels-with-sand-an-experimental-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3695</span> Adhesion Study of Repair Mortar Based in Dune and Crushed Limestone Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krobba%20Benharzallah">Krobba Benharzallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenai%20%20Said"> Kenai Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouhicha%20Mohamed"> Bouhicha Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakhdari%20Mohammed%20Fatah"> Lakhdari Mohammed Fatah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merah%20Ahmed"> Merah Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, great interest has been directed towards the use of local materials and natural resources in building and public works. This is to satisfy the enormous need for these materials and contribute to sustainable development. Among these resources, dune sand and limestone crushed sand, which can be an interesting alternative to the replacement of siliceous alluvial sands for the formulation of a repair mortar. The results found show that the particle size correction of dune sand by limestone sand and the addition of a superplasticizer are very beneficial in terms of adhesion and mechanical strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repair%20mortar" title="repair mortar">repair mortar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dune%20sand" title=" dune sand"> dune sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crushed%20limestone%20sand" title=" crushed limestone sand"> crushed limestone sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesion" title=" adhesion"> adhesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20strength" title=" mechanical strength"> mechanical strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125082/adhesion-study-of-repair-mortar-based-in-dune-and-crushed-limestone-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3694</span> Studying the Simultaneous Effect of Petroleum and DDT Pollution on the Geotechnical Characteristics of Sands</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Seyfi">Sara Seyfi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> DDT and petroleum contamination in coastal sand alters the physical and mechanical properties of contaminated soils. This article aims to understand the effects of DDT pollution on the geotechnical characteristics of sand groups, including sand, silty sand, and clay sand. First, the studies conducted on the topic of the article will be reviewed. In the initial stage of the tests, this article deals with the identification of the used sands (sand, silty sand, clay sand) by FTIR, µ-XRF and SEM methods. Then, the geotechnical characteristics of these sand groups, including density, permeability, shear strength, compaction, and plasticity, are investigated using a sand cone, head permeability test, Vane shear test, strain gauge penetrometer, and plastic limit test. Sand groups are artificially contaminated with petroleum substances with 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 12% by weight. In a separate experiment, amounts of 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 mg/liter of DDT were added to the sand groups. Geotechnical characteristics and identification analysis are performed on the contaminated samples. In the final tests, the mentioned amounts of oil pollution and DDT are simultaneously added to the sand groups, and identification and measurement processes are carried out. The results of the tests showed that petroleum contamination had reduced the optimal moisture content, permeability, and plasticity of all samples. Except silty sand’s plasticity, which petroleum increased it by 1-4% and decreased it by 8-12%. The dry density of sand and clay sand increased, but that of silty sand decreased. Also, the shear strength of sand and silty sand increased, but that of clay sand decreased. DDT contamination increased the maximum dry density and decreased the permeability of all samples. It also reduced the optimum moisture content of the sand. The shear resistance of silty sand and clayey sand decreased, and plasticity of clayey sand increased, and silty sand decreased. The simultaneous effect of petroleum and DDT pollution on the maximum dry density of sand and clayey sand has been synergistic, on the plasticity of clayey sand and silty sand, there has been antagonism. This process has caused antagonism of optimal sand content, shear strength of silty sand and clay sand. In other cases, the effect of synergy or antagonism is not observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DDT%20contamination" title="DDT contamination">DDT contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnical%20characteristics" title=" geotechnical characteristics"> geotechnical characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum%20contamination" title=" petroleum contamination"> petroleum contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186047/studying-the-simultaneous-effect-of-petroleum-and-ddt-pollution-on-the-geotechnical-characteristics-of-sands" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3693</span> Monitoring the Phenomenon of Black Sand in Hurghada’s Artificial Lakes from Sources of Groundwater and Removal Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Noureldin">Ahmed M. Noureldin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20M.%20Naguib"> Khaled M. Naguib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This experimental investigation tries to identify the root cause of the black sand issue in one of the man-made lakes in a well-known Hurghada resort. The lake is nourished by the underground wells' source, which continuously empties into the Red Sea. Chemical testing was done by looking at spots of stinky black sand beneath the sandy lake surface. The findings on samples taken from several locations (wells, lake bottom sand samples, and clean sand with exact specifications as bottom sand) indicated the existence of organic sulfur bacteria that are responsible for the phenomena of black sand. Approximately 39.139 mg/kg of sulfide in the form of hydrogen sulfide was present in the lake bottom sand, while 1.145 mg/kg, before usage, was in the bare sand. The study also involved modeling with the GPS-X program for cleaning bottom sand that uses hydro cyclones as a physical-mechanical treatment method. The modeling findings indicated a Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal effectiveness of 0.65%. The research recommended using hydro cyclones to routinely mechanically clear the sand from lake bottoms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=man-made%20lakes" title="man-made lakes">man-made lakes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20sulfur%20bacteria" title=" organic sulfur bacteria"> organic sulfur bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20organic%20carbon" title=" total organic carbon"> total organic carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydro%20cyclone" title=" hydro cyclone"> hydro cyclone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168279/monitoring-the-phenomenon-of-black-sand-in-hurghadas-artificial-lakes-from-sources-of-groundwater-and-removal-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168279.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3692</span> Valorization of Clay Material in the Road Sector By Adding Granulated Recycled Plastic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouaaz%20Oum%20Essaad">Ouaaz Oum Essaad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melbouci%20Bachir"> Melbouci Bachir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The experimental study conducted has a dual purpose: to valorize the clay material in the road domain and improve the lift of the shape layers by strengthening with plastic waste (in the form of aggregates). To do this, six mixtures of Clay and sand of different percentages were studied: 100% Clay, 95% Clay + 05% Sand, 90% Clay + 10% Sand, 85% Clay + 15% Sand, 80% Clay + 20% Sand, 75% Clay + 25% Sand. Proctor compaction and simple compression tests have been carried out on mixtures (sand + clay + plastic waste). The results obtained show a clear evolution of the characteristics of the Proctor test and the compressive strength of the mixtures according to the different types and percentages of the recycled plastic Plasticity and consistency index are important parameters that play a role in the toughness of plastic soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valorization" title="valorization">valorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20mixture" title=" soil mixture"> soil mixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20tests" title=" mechanical tests"> mechanical tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163504/valorization-of-clay-material-in-the-road-sector-by-adding-granulated-recycled-plastic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3691</span> Use of Fine Marble in Concrete Based On Sand Dune</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Belachia">M. Belachia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Djebien"> R. Djebien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the development that our country has in all areas and especially in the field of Building and Construction, the development of new building materials is a current problem where researchers are trying to find the right materials for each region and returning cheapest countries. Enhancement of crushed sand and sand dunes and reuse of waste as additions in concrete can help to overcome the deficit in aggregates. This work focuses on the development of concrete made from sand, knowing that our country has huge potential in sand dune. This study is complemented by a review of the possibility of using certain recycled wastes in concrete sand, including the effect of fines (marble powders) on the rheological and mechanical properties of concrete and sand to the outcome optimal formulation. After the characterization phase of basic materials, we proceeded to carry out the experimental program was to search the optimum characteristics by adding different percentages of fines. The aim is to show that the possibility of using local materials (sand dune) for the manufacture of concrete and reuse of waste (marble powders) in the implementation of concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand%20dune" title="sand dune">sand dune</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheological%20properties" title=" rheological properties"> rheological properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20marble" title=" fine marble"> fine marble</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16777/use-of-fine-marble-in-concrete-based-on-sand-dune" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">467</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3690</span> Development of Column-Filters of Sulfur Limonene Polysulfide to Mercury Removal from Contaminated Effluents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galo%20D.%20Soria">Galo D. Soria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenny%20S.%20Casame"> Jenny S. Casame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eddy%20F.%20Pazmino"> Eddy F. Pazmino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Ecuador, mining operations have significantly impacted water sources. Artisanal mining extensively relies in mercury amalgamation. Mercury is a neurotoxic substance even at low concentrations. The objective of this investigation is to exploit Hg-removal capacity of sulfur-limonene polysulfide (SLP), which is a low-cost polymer, in order to prepare granular media (sand) coated with SLP to be used in laboratory scale column-filtration systems. Preliminary results achieved 85% removal of Hg⁺⁺ from synthetic effluents using 20-cm length and 5-cm diameter columns at 119m/day average pore water velocity. During elution of the column, the SLP-coated sand indicated that Hg⁺⁺ is permanently fixed to the collector surface, in contrast, uncoated sand showed reversible retention in Hg⁺⁺ in the solid phase. Injection of 50 pore volumes decreased Hg⁺⁺ removal to 46%. Ongoing work has been focused in optimizing the synthesis of SLP and the polymer content in the porous media coating process to improve Hg⁺⁺ removal and extend the lifetime of the column-filter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column-filter" title="column-filter">column-filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title=" mercury"> mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining" title=" mining"> mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polysulfide" title=" polysulfide"> polysulfide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100888/development-of-column-filters-of-sulfur-limonene-polysulfide-to-mercury-removal-from-contaminated-effluents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3689</span> Effect of Sand Wall Stabilized with Different Percentages of Lime on Bearing Capacity of Foundation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20S.%20Abdulrasool">Ahmed S. Abdulrasool</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently sand wall started to gain more attention as the sand is easy to compact by using vibroflotation technique. An advantage of sand wall is the availability of different additives that can be mixed with sand to increase the stiffness of the sand wall and hence to increase its performance. In this paper, the bearing capacity of circular foundation surrounded by sand wall stabilized with lime is evaluated through laboratory testing. The studied parameters include different sand-lime walls depth (H/D) ratio (wall depth to foundation diameter) ranged between (0.0-3.0). Effect of lime percentages on the bearing capacity of skirted foundation models is investigated too. From the results, significant change is occurred in the behavior of shallow foundations due to confinement of the soil. It has been found that (H/D) ratio of 2 gives substantial improvement in bearing capacity, and beyond (H/D) ratio of 2, there is no significant improvement in bearing capacity. The results show that the optimum lime content is 11%, and the maximum increase in bearing capacity reaches approximately 52% at (H/D) ratio of 2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20capacity" title="bearing capacity">bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20foundation" title=" circular foundation"> circular foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20soil" title=" clay soil"> clay soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lime-sand%20wall" title=" lime-sand wall"> lime-sand wall</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62996/effect-of-sand-wall-stabilized-with-different-percentages-of-lime-on-bearing-capacity-of-foundation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3688</span> Incorporation of Foundry Sand in Asphalt Pavement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20P.%20Nascimento">L. P. Nascimento</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Soares"> M. Soares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Val%C3%A9rio"> N. Valério</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ribeiro"> A. Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20R.%20M.%20Oliveira"> J. R. M. Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Ara%C3%BAjo"> J. Araújo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Vilarinho"> C. Vilarinho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Carvalho"> J. Carvalho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the growing need to save natural resources and value waste that was previously worthless, waste recycling becomes imperative. Thus, with the techno-scientific growth and in the perspective of sustainability, it is observed that waste has the potential to replace significant percentages of materials considered “virgin”. An example is the replacement of crushed aggregates with foundry sand. In this work, a mix design study of two asphalt mixes, a base mix (AC 20) and a surface mix (AC14) was carried out to evaluate the maximum amount of foundry sand residue that could be used. Water sensitivity tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of these mixtures. For the superficial mixture with foundry sand (AC14FS), the maximum of sand used was 5%, with satisfactory results of sensitivity to water. In the base mixture with sand (AC20FS), the maximum of sand used was 12%, which had less satisfactory results. However, from an environmental point of view, the re-incorporation of this residue in the pavement is beneficial because it prevents it from being deposited in landfills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundry%20sand" title="foundry sand">foundry sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20mix%20asphalt" title=" hot mix asphalt"> hot mix asphalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20waste" title=" industrial waste"> industrial waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20valorization" title=" waste valorization"> waste valorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152830/incorporation-of-foundry-sand-in-asphalt-pavement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3687</span> Experimental Evaluation of Compressive Strength of Concrete with Several Local Sand Exposed to Freeze-Thaw Cycles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mlk.%20Khouadjia">Mlk. Khouadjia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Mezghiche"> B. Mezghiche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The environment protection has led to a growing interest in the use of crushed sand, which is not correctly exploited due to the high rate of fine particles that it contains and which affect concrete properties. This study will examine the variation of the compressive strength of concrete with several local areas of sand exposed to freeze-thaw cycles and chemical solutions. The experiments have been realized on crushed, river, and dune sands. We use software (MATLAB) to find the coefficient of particle shape. Finally, we have found a relationship between the reference concrete without modification and concrete modified with river and dune sands to predict the variations of resistance after curing in different environments. The results showed that the behavior of concrete is different according to the types of sand and the environment of exposition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crushed%20sand" title="crushed sand">crushed sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeze-thaw" title=" freeze-thaw"> freeze-thaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dune%20sand" title=" dune sand"> dune sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20sand" title=" river sand"> river sand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112031/experimental-evaluation-of-compressive-strength-of-concrete-with-several-local-sand-exposed-to-freeze-thaw-cycles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3686</span> Detection of Leishmania Mixed Infection from Phlebotomus papatasi in Central Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nassibeh%20Hosseini-Vasoukolaei">Nassibeh Hosseini-Vasoukolaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Ahmad%20Akhavan"> Amir Ahmad Akhavan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Jeddi-Tehrani"> Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Khamesipour"> Ali Khamesipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Yaghoobi%20Ershadi"> Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi Ershadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamhawi%20Shaden"> Kamhawi Shaden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valenzuela%20Jesus"> Valenzuela Jesus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Mirhendi"> Hossein Mirhendi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hossein%20Arandian"> Mohammad Hossein Arandian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is an endemic disease in many rural areas of Iran. Sand flies were collected from rural areas of Esfahan province and were identified using valid identification keys. DNA was extracted from sand flies and Nested PCRs were done using specific primers. In this study, 44 out of 152 (28.9 %) sand flies were infected with L. majoralone. Eight sand flies showed mixed infection: four sand flies (2.6 %) were infected with L. major, L. turanicaand L. gerbili, one sand fly (0.7 %) was infected with L. major and L. turanica and three sand flies (2 %) were infected with L. turanicaand L. gerbili. Our results demonstrate the natural infection of P. papatasi sand fly with three species of L. major, L. turanica and L. gerbili which are circulating among R. opimusreservoir host and P. papatasi sand fly vector in central Iran. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phlebotomus%20papatasi" title="Phlebotomus papatasi">Phlebotomus papatasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leishmania%20major" title=" Leishmania major"> Leishmania major</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leishmania%20turanica" title=" Leishmania turanica"> Leishmania turanica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leishmania%20gerbili" title=" Leishmania gerbili"> Leishmania gerbili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20infection" title=" mixed infection"> mixed infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41586/detection-of-leishmania-mixed-infection-from-phlebotomus-papatasi-in-central-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3685</span> Comparison Study between Deep Mixed Columns and Encased Sand Column for Soft Clay Soil in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20El%20Kamash">Walid El Kamash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sand columns (or granular piles) can be employed as soil strengthening for flexible constructions such as road embankments, oil storage tanks in addition to multistory structures. The challenge of embedding the sand columns in soft soil is that the surrounding soft soil cannot avail the enough confinement stress in order to keep the form of the sand column. Therefore, the sand columns which were installed in such soil will lose their ability to perform needed load-bearing capacity. The encasement, besides increasing the strength and stiffness of the sand column, prevents the lateral squeezing of sands when the column is installed even in extremely soft soils, thus enabling quicker and more economical installation. This paper investigates the improvement in load capacity of the sand column by encasement through a comprehensive parametric study using the 3-D finite difference analysis for the soft clay of soil in Egypt. Moreover, the study was extended to include a comparison study between encased sand column and Deep Mixed columns (DM). The study showed that confining the sand by geosynthetic resulted in an increment of shear strength. That result paid the attention to use encased sand stone rather than deep mixed columns due to relative high permeability of the first material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encased%20sand%20column" title="encased sand column">encased sand column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deep%20mixed%20column" title=" Deep mixed column"> Deep mixed column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improving%20soft%20soil" title=" improving soft soil"> improving soft soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56795/comparison-study-between-deep-mixed-columns-and-encased-sand-column-for-soft-clay-soil-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3684</span> Reclamation of Molding Sand: A Chemical Approach to Recycle Waste Foundry Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Moiz%20Khan">Mohd Moiz Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Mahajani"> S. M. Mahajani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20N.%20Jadhav"> G. N. Jadhav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Waste foundry sand (total clay content 15%) contains toxic heavy metals and particulate matter which make dumping of waste sand an environmental and health hazard. Disposal of waste foundry sand (WFS) remains one of the substantial challenges faced by Indian foundries nowadays. To cope up with this issue, the chemical method was used to reclaim WFS. A stirrer tank reactor was used for chemical reclamation. Experiments were performed to reduce the total clay content from 15% to as low as 0.9% in chemical reclamation. This method, although found to be effective for WFS reclamation, it may face a challenge due to the possibly high operating cost. Reclaimed sand was found to be satisfactory in terms of sand qualities such as total clay (0.9%), active clay (0.3%), acid demand value (ADV) (2.6%), loss on igniting (LOI) (3 %), grain fineness number (GFN) (56), and compressive strength (60 kPa). The experimental data generated on chemical reactor under different conditions is further used to optimize the design and operating parameters (rotation speed, sand to acidic solution ratio, acid concentration, temperature and time) for the best performance. The use of reclaimed sand within the foundry would improve the economics and efficiency of the process and reduce environmental concerns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20reclamation" title="chemical reclamation">chemical reclamation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20content" title=" clay content"> clay content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20concerns" title=" environmental concerns"> environmental concerns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycle" title=" recycle"> recycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20foundry%20sand" title=" waste foundry sand"> waste foundry sand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112012/reclamation-of-molding-sand-a-chemical-approach-to-recycle-waste-foundry-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112012.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3683</span> Iraqi Media Entrepreneurs across Social Media: Factors and Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Omar%20Bali">Ahmed Omar Bali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherko%20%20Jabar"> Sherko Jabar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazhar%20Jalal"> Hazhar Jalal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Sofi-Karim"> Mahdi Sofi-Karim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For a long while in Iraq, media organizations were owned by political parties, particularly the ruling parties, because media traditional organizations required big capital and human resources. This paper has examined the dynamics of Iraqi media market transformation with emphasizing on factors that help to merge media entrepreneurs and digital media firms which target audience on social media. A qualitative method was adopted in this study using open, in-depth interviews with 19 media entrepreneurs and three managers of media firms. The study revealed that relative freedom and advanced communication technologies have encouraged media entrepreneurs to drive the new media on producing short videos and broadcast them on social media which has become popular among media consumers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20entrepreneur" title="media entrepreneur">media entrepreneur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iraq" title=" Iraq"> Iraq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=journalists" title=" journalists"> journalists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20technicians" title=" media technicians"> media technicians</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20media%20firms" title=" digital media firms"> digital media firms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20market" title=" media market"> media market</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119420/iraqi-media-entrepreneurs-across-social-media-factors-and-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3682</span> Characterization of Petrophysical Properties of Reservoirs in Bima Formation, Northeastern Nigeria: Implication for Hydrocarbon Exploration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20Efomeh%20Omolaiye">Gabriel Efomeh Omolaiye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimoh%20Ajadi"> Jimoh Ajadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olatunji%20Seminu"> Olatunji Seminu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Ayoola%20Jimoh"> Yusuf Ayoola Jimoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ubulom%20Daniel"> Ubulom Daniel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Identification and characterization of petrophysical properties of reservoirs in the Bima Formation were undertaken to understand their spatial distribution and impacts on hydrocarbon saturation in the highly heterolithic siliciclastic sequence. The study was carried out using nine well logs from Maiduguri and Baga/Lake sub-basins within the Borno Basin. The different log curves were combined to decipher the lithological heterogeneity of the serrated sand facies and to aid the geologic correlation of sand bodies within the sub-basins. Evaluation of the formation reveals largely undifferentiated to highly serrated and lenticular sand bodies from which twelve reservoirs named Bima Sand-1 to Bima Sand-12 were identified. The reservoir sand bodies are bifurcated by shale beds, which reduced their thicknesses variably from 0.61 to 6.1 m. The shale content in the sand bodies ranged from 11.00% (relatively clean) to high shale content of 88.00%. The formation also has variable porosity values, with calculated total porosity ranged as low as 10.00% to as high as 35.00%. Similarly, effective porosity values spanned between 2.00 to 24.00%. The irregular porosity values also accounted for a wide range of field average permeability estimates computed for the formation, which measured between 0.03 to 319.49 mD. Hydrocarbon saturation (Sh) in the thin lenticular sand bodies also varied from 40.00 to 78.00%. Hydrocarbon was encountered in three intervals in Ga-1, four intervals in Da-1, two intervals in Ar-1, and one interval in Ye-1. Ga-1 well encountered 30.78 m thick of hydrocarbon column in 14 thin sand lobes in Bima Sand-1, with thicknesses from 0.60 m to 5.80 m and average saturation of 51.00%, while Bima Sand-2 intercepted 45.11 m thick of hydrocarbon column in 12 thin sand lobes with an average saturation of 61.00% and Bima Sand-9 has 6.30 m column in 4 thin sand lobes. Da-1 has hydrocarbon in Bima Sand-8 (5.30 m, Sh of 58.00% in 5 sand lobes), Bima Sand-10 (13.50 m, Sh of 52.00% in 6 sand lobes), Bima Sand-11 (6.20 m, Sh of 58.00% in 2 sand lobes) and Bima Sand-12 (16.50 m, Sh of 66% in 6 sand lobes). In the Ar-1 well, hydrocarbon occurs in Bima Sand-3 (2.40 m column, Sh of 48% in a sand lobe) and Bima Sand-9 (6.0 m, Sh of 58% in a sand lobe). Ye-1 well only intersected 0.5 m hydrocarbon in Bima Sand-1 with 78% saturation. Although Bima Formation has variable saturation of hydrocarbon, mainly gas in Maiduguri, and Baga/Lake sub-basins of the research area, its highly thin serrated sand beds, coupled with very low effective porosity and permeability in part, would pose a significant exploitation challenge. The sediments were deposited in a fluvio-lacustrine environment, resulting in a very thinly laminated or serrated alternation of sand and shale beds lithofacies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bima" title="Bima">Bima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chad%20Basin" title=" Chad Basin"> Chad Basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluvio-lacustrine" title=" fluvio-lacustrine"> fluvio-lacustrine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithofacies" title=" lithofacies"> lithofacies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serrated%20sand" title=" serrated sand"> serrated sand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135605/characterization-of-petrophysical-properties-of-reservoirs-in-bima-formation-northeastern-nigeria-implication-for-hydrocarbon-exploration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3681</span> Preparation of Ceramic Membranes from Syrian Sand Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles for Water Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrazzaq%20Hammal">Abdulrazzaq Hammal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, Syrian sand was used to create ceramic membranes. The process of preparing the membranes involved several steps, starting with the purification of the studied sand using hydrochloric acid, sorting according to granular size, and mixing the sand with liquid sodium silicates as a binder. Next, the effects of binder ratio, pressure formation, treatment temperature, and sand grain size were studied. Further, nanoparticles of silver were added to the formed membranes to improve their ability to purify bacterially polluted water. Prepared membranes were quite successful in removing bacteria and chemicals from water, and the water's requirements were brought up to level with Syrian drinking water standards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic" title="ceramic">ceramic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173567/preparation-of-ceramic-membranes-from-syrian-sand-loaded-with-silver-nanoparticles-for-water-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3680</span> Performance Evaluation of Filtration System for Groundwater Recharging Well in the Presence of Medium Sand-Mixed Storm Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Kumar%20Singh">Krishna Kumar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Praveen%20Jain"> Praveen Jain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The collection of storm water runoff and forcing it into the groundwater is the need of the hour to sustain the ground water table. However, the runoff entraps various types of sediments and other floating objects whose removal are essential to avoid pollution of ground water and blocking of pores of aquifer. However, it requires regular cleaning and maintenance due to the problem of clogging. To evaluate the performance of filter system consisting of coarse sand (CS), gravel (G) and pebble (P) layers, a laboratory experiment was conducted in a rectangular column. The effect of variable thickness of CS, G and P layers of the filtration unit of the recharge shaft on the recharge rate and the sediment concentration of effluent water were evaluated. Medium sand (MS) of three particle sizes, viz. 0.150–0.300 mm (T1), 0.300–0.425 mm (T2) and 0.425–0.600 mm of thickness 25 cm, 30 cm, and 35 cm respectively in the top layer of the filter system and having seven influent sediment concentrations of 250–3,000 mg/l were used for the experimental study. The performance was evaluated in terms of recharge rates and clogging time. The results indicated that 100 % suspended solids were entrapped in the upper 10 cm layer of MS, the recharge rates declined sharply for influent concentrations of more than 1,000 mg/l. All treatments with a higher thickness of MS media indicated recharge rate slightly more than that of all treatment with a lower thickness of MS media respectively. The performance of storm water infiltration systems was highly dependent on the formation of a clogging layer at the filter. An empirical relationship has been derived between recharge rates, inflow sediment load, size of MS and thickness of MS with using MLR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title="groundwater">groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medium%20sand-mixed%20storm%20water%20filter" title=" medium sand-mixed storm water filter"> medium sand-mixed storm water filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflow%20sediment%20load" title=" inflow sediment load"> inflow sediment load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23289/performance-evaluation-of-filtration-system-for-groundwater-recharging-well-in-the-presence-of-medium-sand-mixed-storm-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3679</span> An Experimental Investigation in Effect of Confining Stress and Matric Suction on the Mechanical Behavior of Sand with Different Fine Content</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Asreazad">S. Asreazad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the results that the soil volumetric strain and shear strength are closely related to the confining stress and initial matric suction under constant water content testing on the specimens of unsaturated sand with clay and silt fines contents. The silty sand specimens reached their peak strength after a very small axial strain followed by a post-peak softening towards an ultimate value. The post-peak drop in stress increased by an increment of the suction, while there is no peak strength for clayey sand specimens. The clayey sand shows compressibility and possesses ductile stress-strain behaviour. Shear strength increased nonlinearly with respect to matric suction for both soil types. When suction exceeds a certain range, the effect of suction on shear strength increment weakens gradually. Under the same confining stress, the dilatant tendencies in the silty sand increased under lower values of suction and decreased for higher suction values under the same confining stress. However, the amount of contraction increased with increasing initial suction for clayey sand specimens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soils" title="unsaturated soils">unsaturated soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silty%20sand" title=" silty sand"> silty sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clayey%20sand" title=" clayey sand"> clayey sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triaxial%20test" title=" triaxial test"> triaxial test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69306/an-experimental-investigation-in-effect-of-confining-stress-and-matric-suction-on-the-mechanical-behavior-of-sand-with-different-fine-content" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3678</span> The Effect of Sand Content on Behavior of Kaolin Clay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Tohidi">Hamed Tohidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20W.%20Mahar"> James W. Mahar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the unknowns in the design of zoned earth dams is the percentage of sand which can be present in a clay core and still retain the necessary plasticity to prevent cracking in response to deformation. Cracks in the clay core of a dam caused by differential settlement can lead to failure of the dam. In this study, a series of Atterberg Limit tests and unconfined compression strength tests have been conducted in the ISU soil mechanics laboratory on prepared mixes of quartz sand and commercial clays (Kaolin and Smectite) to determine the relationship between sand content, plasticity and squeezing behavior. The prepared mixes have variable percentages of sand ranging between 10 and 90% by weight. Plastic limit test results in which specimens can be rolled into 1/8 in. threads without crumbling and plasticity index values which represent the range of water content over which the specimens can be remolded without cracking were used to evaluate the plasticity of the sand-clay mixtures. The test results show that the design mixes exhibit plastic behavior with sand contents up to 80% by weight. However, the plasticity of the mixes decreases with increasing sand content. For unconfined compression strength tests, the same mixtures of sand and clay (Kaolin) were made in plastic limit. The results which were concluded from the UCC tests represent the relationship between sand-clay content and chance of having squeezing behavior, also according to the results from UCC, strength of different samples and stress-strain curves can be obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%27s%20behaviour" title="clay's behaviour">clay's behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasticity" title=" plasticity"> plasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand%20content" title=" sand content"> sand content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaolin%20clay" title=" Kaolin clay"> Kaolin clay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76267/the-effect-of-sand-content-on-behavior-of-kaolin-clay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3677</span> Collapse Surface Definition of Clayey Sands</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omid%20Naeemifar">Omid Naeemifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Naeimifar"> Ibrahim Naeimifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roza%20Rahbari"> Roza Rahbari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has been shown that a certain collapse surface may be defined for loose sands in the three dimensional space in which the sample sand experiences collapse and instability leading to an unsteady and strain-softening behaviour. The unsteady state due to collapse surface may lead to such phenomena in the sand as liquefaction and flow behaviour during undrained loading. Investigating the existence of the collapse surface in Firoozkooh 161 sand and its different clay mixtures with various plasticities, the present study aims to carry out an in-depth investigation of the effects of clay percent and its plasticity on the clayey sand behaviours. The results obtained indicate that collapse surface characteristics largely depend on fine percent and its plasticity. Interesting findings are also reported in this paper on the effects of fine sand percent and its plasticity on the behavioural characteristics and liquefaction potential of clayey sands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20state" title="critical state">critical state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse%20surface" title=" collapse surface"> collapse surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefaction" title=" liquefaction"> liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clayey%20sand" title=" clayey sand"> clayey sand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38207/collapse-surface-definition-of-clayey-sands" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3676</span> Impact of New Media Technologies to News, Social Interactions, and Traditional Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ademola%20Bamgbose">Ademola Bamgbose</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The new media revolution, which encompasses a wide variety of new media technologies like blogs, social networking, visual worlds, wikis, have had a great influence on communications, traditional media and across other disciplines. This paper gives a review of the impact of new media technologies on the news, social interactions and traditional media in developing and developed countries. The study points to the fact that there is a significant impact of new media technologies on the news, social interactions and the traditional media in developing and developed countries, albeit both positively and negatively. Social interactions have been significantly affected, as well as in news production and reporting. It is reiterated that despite the pervasiveness of new media technologies, it would not bring to a total decline of traditional media. This paper contributes to the theoretical framework on the new media and will help to assess the extent of the impact of the new media in different locations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title="communication">communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=news" title=" news"> news</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20media%20technologies" title=" new media technologies"> new media technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20interactions" title=" social interactions"> social interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20media" title=" traditional media"> traditional media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92034/impact-of-new-media-technologies-to-news-social-interactions-and-traditional-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3675</span> On Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Oil Sands Slurry: Electrochemical Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Deyab">M. Deyab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Al-Sabagh"> A. Al-Sabagh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Keera"> S. Keera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of flow velocity, sand concentration, sand size and temperature on erosion-corrosion of carbon steel in oil sands slurry were studied by electrochemical polarization measurements. It was found that the anodic excursion spans of carbon steel in oil sands slurry are characterized by the occurrence of a well-defined anodic peak, followed by a passive region. The data reveal that increasing flow velocity, sand concentration and temperature enhances the anodic peak current density (jAP) and shifts pitting potential (Epit) towards more negative values. The variation of sand particle size does not have apparent effect on polarization behavior of carbon steel. The ratios of the erosion rate to corrosion rate (E/C) were calculated and discussed. The ratio of erosion to corrosion rates E/C increased with increasing the flow velocity, sand concentration, sand size and temperature indicating that an increasing slurry flow velocity, sand concentration, sand size and temperature resulted in an enhancement of the erosion effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion-corrosion" title="erosion-corrosion">erosion-corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel" title=" steel"> steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20sands%20slurry" title=" oil sands slurry"> oil sands slurry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization" title=" polarization"> polarization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56992/on-erosion-corrosion-behavior-of-carbon-steel-in-oil-sands-slurry-electrochemical-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3674</span> Synergistic Erosion–Corrosion Behavior of Petroleum Pipelines at Various Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Deyab">M. A. Deyab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Al-Sabagh"> A. Al-Sabagh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Keera"> S. Keera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of flow velocity, sand concentration, sand size and temperature on erosion-corrosion of petroleum pipelines (carbon steel) in the oil sands slurry were studied by electrochemical polarization measurements. It was found that the anodic excursion spans of carbon steel in the oil sands slurry are characterized by the occurrence of a well-defined anodic peak, followed by a passive region. The data reveal that increasing flow velocity, sand concentration and temperature enhances the anodic peak current density (jAP) and shifts pitting potential (Epit) towards more negative values. The variation of sand particle size does not have apparent effect on polarization behavior of carbon steel. The ratios of the erosion rate to corrosion rate (E/C) were calculated and discussed. The ratio of erosion to corrosion rates E/C increased with increasing the flow velocity, sand concentration, sand size, and temperature indicating that an increasing slurry flow velocity, sand concentration, sand size and temperature resulted in an enhancement of the erosion effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion-corrosion" title="erosion-corrosion">erosion-corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20sands%20slurry" title=" oil sands slurry"> oil sands slurry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polarization" title=" polarization"> polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel" title=" steel"> steel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60523/synergistic-erosion-corrosion-behavior-of-petroleum-pipelines-at-various-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3673</span> Cyclic Liquefaction Resistance of Reinforced Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Naeini">S. A. Naeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Eftekhari"> Z. Eftekhari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Liquefaction phenomenon in sand is nowadays a classical soil mechanics subject. Using a cyclic triaxial test apparatus, we use non-woven geotextile reinforcement to improve the liquefaction resistance of sand. The layer configurations used are zero, one, two and three horizontal reinforcing layers in a triaxial test sample. The influences of the number of geotextile layers, and cyclic stress ratio (CSR) were studied and described. The results illustrated that the geotextile inclusion increases liquefaction resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefaction%20resistance" title="liquefaction resistance">liquefaction resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotextile" title=" geotextile"> geotextile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20triaxial%20test" title=" cyclic triaxial test"> cyclic triaxial test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20stress%20ratio" title=" cyclic stress ratio"> cyclic stress ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8513/cyclic-liquefaction-resistance-of-reinforced-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8513.pdf" target="_blank" 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