Engineering Laboratory

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.nist.gov/el","20230314214432","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1678830272"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"/><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["gov-bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"37b7ccb661",applicationID:"1089704227"};;(()=>{var e,t,r={9071:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>n});var n=0,i=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);i&&(n=+i[1])},6562:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P_:()=>v,Mt:()=>h,C5:()=>d,DL:()=>y,OP:()=>R,lF:()=>L,Yu:()=>A,Dg:()=>p,CX:()=>f,GE:()=>w,sU:()=>M});var n={};r.r(n),r.d(n,{agent:()=>x,match:()=>O,version:()=>T});var i=r(6797),o=r(909),a=r(8610);class s{constructor(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,a.Z)("New setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,a.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");Object.assign(this,t),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;const n=(0,o.q)(t);n.length&&r&&"object"==typeof r&&n.forEach((e=>{e in r&&((0,a.Z)('"'.concat(e,'" is a protected attribute and can not be changed in feature ').concat(t,". It will have no effect.")),delete r[e])})),this[t]=r}))}catch(e){(0,a.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}}const c={beacon:i.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:i.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},u={};function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!u[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return u[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");u[e]=new s(t,c),(0,i.Qy)(e,u[e],"info")}const l={allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}},g={};function v(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!g[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return g[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");g[e]=new s(t,l),(0,i.Qy)(e,g[e],"config")}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=v(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}const m={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},b={};function y(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!b[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return b[e]}function w(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");b[e]=new s(t,m),(0,i.Qy)(e,b[e],"loader_config")}const A=(0,i.mF)().o;var E=r(2053),x=null,T=null;if(navigator.userAgent){var _=navigator.userAgent,D=_.match(/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/);D&&-1===_.indexOf("Chrome")&&-1===_.indexOf("Chromium")&&(x="Safari",T=D[1])}function O(e,t){if(!x)return!1;if(e!==x)return!1;if(!t)return!0;if(!T)return!1;for(var r=T.split("."),n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length;i++)if(n[i]!==r[i])return!1;return!0}var j=r(5526),k=r(2374);const P="NRBA_SESSION_ID";function S(){if(!k.il)return null;try{let e;return null===(e=window.sessionStorage.getItem(P))&&(e=(0,j.ky)(16),window.sessionStorage.setItem(P,e)),e}catch(e){return null}}var I=r(8226);const C=e=>({customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,offset:(0,E.yf)(),onerror:void 0,origin:""+k._A.location,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},sessionId:1==h(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")?S():null,xhrWrappable:"function"==typeof k._A.XMLHttpRequest?.prototype?.addEventListener,userAgent:n,version:I.q}),N={};function R(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!N[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return N[e]}function M(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");N[e]=new s(t,C(e)),(0,i.Qy)(e,N[e],"runtime")}function L(e){return function(e){try{const t=d(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}(e)}},8226:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{q:()=>n});const n="1227.PROD"},9557:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(8610);const i={agentIdentifier:""};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},4329:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(3752),i=r(7022),o=r(4045),a=r(2325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=Array.from(s[e]);function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u<s.length;++u)f(s[u],c);(0,i.D)(c,(function(e,t){(0,i.D)(t,(function(t,r){r[0].on(e,r[1])}))}))}delete a[t],r.backlog[t]=null,r.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}r.every((e=>{let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},3752:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ee:()=>u});var n=r(6797),i=r(3916),o=r(7022),a=r(6562),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function f(){return new d}function l(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},g={},v=!1;try{v=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var p={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:m,get:A,listeners:w,context:h,buffer:E,abort:l,aborted:!1,isBuffering:x,debugId:r,backlog:v?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return p;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,f):f()}function m(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),s=w(e),d=s.length,f=0;f<d;f++)s[f].apply(a,r);var l=T()[c[e]];return l&&l.push([p,e,r,a]),a}}function b(e,t){n[e]=w(e).concat(t)}function y(e,t){var r=n[e];if(r)for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)}function w(e){return n[e]||[]}function A(t){return g[t]=g[t]||e(p,t)}function E(e,t){var r=T();p.aborted||(0,o.D)(e,(function(e,n){t=t||"feature",c[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))}function x(e){return!!T()[c[e]]}function T(){return p.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),c.ee=u)},9252:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{E:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(3752).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4045:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(9252);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},8544:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(2374);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r))}},5526:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Rl:()=>i,ky:()=>o});var n=r(2374);function i(){var e=null,t=0,r=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;function i(){return e?15&e[t++]:16*Math.random()|0}r&&r.getRandomValues&&(e=r.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var o,a="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",s="",c=0;c<a.length;c++)s+="x"===(o=a[c])?i().toString(16):"y"===o?(o=3&i()|8).toString(16):o;return s}function o(e){var t=null,r=0,n=self.crypto||self.msCrypto;n&&n.getRandomValues&&Uint8Array&&(t=n.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var i=[],o=0;o<e;o++)i.push(a().toString(16));return i.join("");function a(){return t?15&t[r++]:16*Math.random()|0}}},2053:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{nb:()=>s,os:()=>c,yf:()=>a,zO:()=>o});var n=(new Date).getTime(),i=n;function o(){return performance?.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(n=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),n))-i}function a(){return n}function s(e){i=e}function c(){return i}},6625:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{s:()=>a,v:()=>s});var n=r(8283),i=r(2053),o=r(2374);let a=!0;function s(e){var t=function(){a=!1;const e=o._A?.performance?.timeOrigin||o._A?.performance?.timing?.navigationStart;if(!e)return;return Math.round(e)}();t&&((0,n.B)(e,"starttime",t),(0,i.nb)(t))}},8283:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{B:()=>o,L:()=>a});var n=r(2053),i={};function o(e,t,r){void 0===r&&(r=(0,n.zO)()+(0,n.os)()),i[e]=i[e]||{},i[e][t]=r}function a(e,t,r,n){const o=e.sharedContext.agentIdentifier;var a=i[o]?.[r],s=i[o]?.[n];void 0!==a&&void 0!==s&&e.store("measures",t,{value:s-a})}},2545:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{L:()=>c});var n=r(9071),i=r(8544),o=r(8305),a=r(2374),s=r(6998);if(a.v6){a._A.cleanupTasks=[];const e=a._A.close;a._A.close=()=>{for(let e of a._A.cleanupTasks)e();e()}}function c(e,t){if(a.il)if(t)(0,s.N)(e,!0),(0,i.bP)("pagehide",e);else{var r=(0,o.Z)(e);!n.I||navigator.sendBeacon?(0,i.bP)("pagehide",r):(0,i.bP)("beforeunload",r),(0,i.bP)("unload",r)}else a.v6&&a._A.cleanupTasks.push(e)}},8610:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){console&&console.warn&&"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},3916:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},2374:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,lW:()=>a,v6:()=>i});const n=Boolean("undefined"!=typeof window&&window.document),i=Boolean("undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator);let o=(()=>{if(n)return window;if(i){if("undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope)return globalThis;if(self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope)return self}throw new Error('New Relic browser agent shutting down due to error: Unable to locate global scope. This is possibly due to code redefining browser global variables like "self" and "window".')})();function a(){return o}},7022:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t){var r=[],i="",o=0;for(i in e)n.call(e,i)&&(r[o]=t(i,e[i]),o+=1);return r}},8305:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Z:()=>o});var n=r(8683),i=r.n(n);function o(e){var t,r=!1;return function(){return r?t:(r=!0,t=e.apply(this,i()(arguments)))}}},2650:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(8544);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},6797:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(2053),i=r(2374);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.zO)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},6998:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{N:()=>i,e:()=>o});var n=r(8544);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1];return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t){if("hidden"!=document.visibilityState)return;e()}e(document.visibilityState)}))}function o(){return"hidden"===document.visibilityState?-1:1/0}},6034:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const n=r(2325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},2484:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.pageViewEvent},6382:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(2325).D.pageViewTiming},1509:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>s});var n=r(6562),i=r(3752),o=r(2384),a=r(6797);class s{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1,this.checkConfiguration()}checkConfiguration(){if(!(0,n.lF)(this.agentIdentifier)){let e={...(0,a.gG)().info?.jsAttributes};try{e={...e,...(0,n.C5)(this.agentIdentifier)?.jsAttributes}}catch(e){}(0,o.j)(this.agentIdentifier,{...(0,a.gG)(),info:{...(0,a.gG)().info,jsAttributes:e}})}}}},2384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>w});var n=r(8683),i=r.n(n),o=r(2325),a=r(6562),s=r(9252),c=r(7022),u=r(3752),d=r(2053),f=r(4329),l=r(2650),g=r(2374),v=r(8610),p=r(6034);function h(e){["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i<r;i++)n[i]=arguments[i];return function(t){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r>1?r-1:0),i=1;i<r;i++)n[i-1]=arguments[i];Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&e.api[t](...n)}))}(t,...n)}}))}var m=r(6797);const b={stn:[o.D.sessionTrace],err:[o.D.jserrors,o.D.metrics],ins:[o.D.pageAction],spa:[o.D.spa]};const y={};function w(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},n=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,w=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:A,info:E,loader_config:x,runtime:T={loaderType:n},exposed:_=!0}=t;const D=(0,m.gG)();let O={};return E||(A=D.init,E=D.info,x=D.loader_config,O=D),g.v6&&(E.jsAttributes={...E.jsAttributes,isWorker:!0}),(0,a.CX)(e,E),(0,a.Dg)(e,A||{}),(0,a.GE)(e,x||{}),(0,a.sU)(e,T),function(e,t,n){n||(0,f.R)(e,"api"),h(t);var m=u.ee.get(e),b=m.get("tracer"),y="api-",w=y+"ixn-";function A(){}(0,c.D)(["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],(function(e,r){t[r]=x(y,r,!0,"api")})),t.addPageAction=x(y,"addPageAction",!0,o.D.pageAction),t.setCurrentRouteName=x(y,"routeName",!0,o.D.spa),t.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,a.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/http://custom.transaction")+t,x(y,"setPageViewName",!0,"api")()},t.setCustomAttribute=function(t,r){const n=(0,a.C5)(e);return(0,a.CX)(e,{...n,jsAttributes:{...n.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),x(y,"setCustomAttribute",!0,"api")()},t.interaction=function(){return(new A).get()};var E=A.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},n=this,i="function"==typeof t;return(0,s.p)(w+"tracer",[(0,d.zO)(),e,r],n,o.D.spa,m),function(){if(b.emit((i?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,d.zO)(),n,i],r),i)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw b.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{b.emit("fn-end",[(0,d.zO)()],r)}}}};function x(e,t,r,n){return function(){return(0,s.p)(p.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,o.D.metrics,m),(0,s.p)(e+t,[(0,d.zO)()].concat(i()(arguments)),r?null:this,n,m),r?void 0:this}}function T(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,5692)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,f.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,v.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}(0,c.D)("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),(function(e,t){E[t]=x(w,t,void 0,o.D.spa)})),t.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,s.p)(p.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,o.D.metrics,m),(0,s.p)("err",[e,(0,d.zO)(),!1,t],void 0,o.D.jserrors,m)},g.v6?T():(0,l.b)((()=>T()),!0)}(e,O,w),(0,m.Qy)(e,D,"api"),(0,m.Qy)(e,_,"exposed"),(0,m.EZ)("activatedFeatures",y),(0,m.EZ)("setToken",(t=>function(e,t){var r=u.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&((0,c.D)(e,(function(e,t){if(!t)return(b[e]||[]).forEach((t=>{(0,s.p)("block-"+e,[],void 0,t,r)}));y[e]||((0,s.p)("feat-"+e,[],void 0,b[e],r),y[e]=!0)})),(0,f.L)(t,o.D.pageViewEvent))}(t,e))),O}},909:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Z:()=>i,q:()=>o});var n=r(2325);function i(e){switch(e){case n.D.ajax:return[n.D.jserrors];case n.D.sessionTrace:return[n.D.ajax,n.D.pageViewEvent];case n.D.pageViewTiming:return[n.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}function o(e){return e===n.D.jserrors?[]:["auto"]}},2325:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8}},8683:e=>{e.exports=function(e,t,r){t||(t=0),void 0===r&&(r=e?e.length:0);for(var n=-1,i=r-t||0,o=Array(i<0?0:i);++n<i;)o[n]=e[t+n];return o}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.n=e=>{var t=e&&e.__esModule?()=>e.default:()=>e;return i.d(t,{a:t}),t},i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",193:"session_trace-aggregate",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",439:"async-api",729:"lazy-loader",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",898:"ajax-aggregate"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"2f41aaf7",147:"28086cfb",178:"52056f28",193:"545db67a",317:"941c6e17",348:"a7d9d7be",439:"737e0ca6",729:"540ab0d1",786:"2ae3c96c",873:"494130b7",898:"52cc993d"}[e]+"-1227.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var f=u[d];if(f.getAttribute("src")==r||f.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=f;break}}s||(c=!0,(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r),e[r]=[n];var l=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(g);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},g=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={703:0,946:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=window.webpackChunkNRBA=window.webpackChunkNRBA||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})();var o={};(()=>{"use strict";i.r(o);var e=i(2325),t=i(6562);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(2384),s=i(909),c=i(9252),u=i(2053),d=i(8283),f=i(6625),l=i(4329),g=i(1509),v=i(2650),p=i(2374),h=i(8610);class m extends g.W{constructor(e,t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.hasAggregator=!1,this.auto=n,this.abortHandler,n&&(0,l.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){if(this.hasAggregator||!this.auto)return;this.hasAggregator=!0;const e=async()=>{try{const{lazyLoader:e}=await i.e(729).then(i.bind(i,8110)),{Aggregate:t}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator)}catch(e){(0,h.Z)("Downloading ".concat(this.featureName," failed...")),this.abortHandler?.()}};p.v6?e():(0,v.b)((()=>e()),!0)}}var b,y,w,A=i(2484);class E extends m{constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,A.t,r),(0,f.v)(e),(0,d.B)(e,"firstbyte",(0,u.yf)()),(0,v.K)((()=>this.measureDomContentLoaded())),(0,v.b)((()=>this.measureWindowLoaded()),!0),this.importAggregator()}measureWindowLoaded(){var t=(0,u.zO)();(0,d.B)(this.agentIdentifier,"onload",t+(0,u.os)()),(0,c.p)("timing",["load",t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}measureDomContentLoaded(){(0,d.B)(this.agentIdentifier,"domContent",(0,u.zO)()+(0,u.os)())}}b=E,y="featureName",w=A.t,(y=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(y))in b?Object.defineProperty(b,y,{value:w,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):b[y]=w;var x=i(9557),T=i(7022);class _ extends x.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,T.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=D(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,T.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=D(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=O(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=D(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i<e.length;i++)t[r=e[i]]=j(this.aggregatedData[r]),t[r].length&&(n=!0),delete this.aggregatedData[r];return n?t:null}}function D(e,t){return null==e?function(e){e?e.c++:e={c:1};return e}(t):t?(t.c||(t=O(t.t)),t.c+=1,t.t+=e,t.sos+=e*e,e>t.max&&(t.max=e),e<t.min&&(t.min=e),t):{t:e}}function O(e){return{t:e,min:e,max:e,sos:e*e,c:1}}function j(e){return"object"!=typeof e?[]:(0,T.D)(e,k)}function k(e,t){return t}var P=i(6797),S=i(5526);var I,C=i(6998),N=i(8544),R=i(6382),M=-1,L=function(e){addEventListener("pageshow",(function(t){t.persisted&&(M=t.timeStamp,e(t))}),!0)},B=function(){return window.performance&&performance.getEntriesByType&&performance.getEntriesByType("navigation")[0]},z=function(){var e=B();return e&&e.activationStart||0},V=function(e,t){var r=B(),n="navigate";return M>=0?n="back-forward-cache":r&&(n=document.prerendering||z()>0?"prerender":document.wasDiscarded?"restore":r.type.replace(/_/g,"-")),{name:e,value:void 0===t?-1:t,rating:"good",delta:0,entries:[],id:"v3-".concat(Date.now(),"-").concat(Math.floor(8999999999999*Math.random())+1e12),navigationType:n}},W=function(e,t,r){try{if(PerformanceObserver.supportedEntryTypes.includes(e)){var n=new PerformanceObserver((function(e){Promise.resolve().then((function(){t(e.getEntries())}))}));return n.observe(Object.assign({type:e,buffered:!0},r||{})),n}}catch(e){}},q=function(e,t){var r=function r(n){"pagehide"!==n.type&&"hidden"!==document.visibilityState||(e(n),t&&(removeEventListener("visibilitychange",r,!0),removeEventListener("pagehide",r,!0)))};addEventListener("visibilitychange",r,!0),addEventListener("pagehide",r,!0)},Z=function(e,t,r,n){var i,o;return function(a){t.value>=0&&(a||n)&&((o=t.value-(i||0))||void 0===i)&&(i=t.value,t.delta=o,t.rating=function(e,t){return e>t[1]?"poor":e>t[0]?"needs-improvement":"good"}(t.value,r),e(t))}},H=function(e){document.prerendering?addEventListener("prerenderingchange",(function(){return e()}),!0):e()},F=(new Date,0),U=1/0,G=0,X=function(e){e.forEach((function(e){e.interactionId&&(U=Math.min(U,e.interactionId),G=Math.max(G,e.interactionId),F=G?(G-U)/7+1:0)}))},Q=function(){return I?F:performance.interactionCount||0},K=function(){"interactionCount"in performance||I||(I=W("event",X,{type:"event",buffered:!0,durationThreshold:0}))},Y=0,J=function(){return Q()-Y},$=[],ee={},te=function(e){var t=$[$.length-1],r=ee[e.interactionId];if(r||$.length<10||e.duration>t.latency){if(r)r.entries.push(e),r.latency=Math.max(r.latency,e.duration);else{var n={id:e.interactionId,latency:e.duration,entries:[e]};ee[n.id]=n,$.push(n)}$.sort((function(e,t){return t.latency-e.latency})),$.splice(10).forEach((function(e){delete ee[e.id]}))}},re=i(2545);class ne extends m{constructor(r,n){var i;let o=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(r,n,R.t,o),i=this,p.il){if(this.pageHiddenTime=(0,C.e)(),this.performanceObserver,this.lcpPerformanceObserver,this.clsPerformanceObserver,this.fiRecorded=!1,"PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){this.performanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return i.perfObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.performanceObserver.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]})}catch(e){}this.lcpPerformanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return i.lcpObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.lcpPerformanceObserver.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(e){}this.clsPerformanceObserver=new PerformanceObserver((function(){return i.clsObserver(...arguments)}));try{this.clsPerformanceObserver.observe({type:"layout-shift",buffered:!0})}catch(e){}}this.fiRecorded=!1;["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"].forEach((e=>{(0,N.iz)(e,(function(){return i.captureInteraction(...arguments)}))})),function(e,t){t=t||{},H((function(){var r=[200,500];K();var n,i=V("INP"),o=function(e){e.forEach((function(e){e.interactionId&&te(e),"first-input"===e.entryType&&!$.some((function(t){return t.entries.some((function(t){return e.duration===t.duration&&e.startTime===t.startTime}))}))&&te(e)}));var t,r=(t=Math.min($.length-1,Math.floor(J()/50)),$[t]);r&&r.latency!==i.value&&(i.value=r.latency,i.entries=r.entries,n())},a=W("event",o,{durationThreshold:t.durationThreshold||40});n=Z(e,i,r,t.reportAllChanges),a&&(a.observe({type:"first-input",buffered:!0}),q((function(){o(a.takeRecords()),i.value<0&&J()>0&&(i.value=0,i.entries=[]),n(!0)})),L((function(){$=[],Y=Q(),i=V("INP"),n=Z(e,i,r,t.reportAllChanges)})))}))}((t=>{let{name:r,value:n,id:i}=t;(0,c.p)("timing",[r.toLowerCase(),n,{metricId:i}],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)})),!0===(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"page_view_timing.long_task")&&(e=>{const t=t=>{t.forEach((t=>{const r={name:"LT",value:t.duration,info:{ltFrame:t.name,ltStart:t.startTime,ltCtr:t.attribution[0].containerType}};"window"!==r.info.ltCtr&&Object.assign(r.info,{ltCtrSrc:t.attribution[0].containerSrc,ltCtrId:t.attribution[0].containerId,ltCtrName:t.attribution[0].containerName}),e(r)}))};let r;try{PerformanceObserver.supportedEntryTypes.includes("longtask")&&(r=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{Promise.resolve().then((()=>{t(e.getEntries())}))})),r.observe({type:"longtask",buffered:!0}))}catch(e){}r&&(0,re.L)((()=>{t(r.takeRecords())}),!0)})((t=>{let{name:r,value:n,info:i}=t;(0,c.p)("timing",[r.toLowerCase(),n,i],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)})),(0,C.N)((()=>{this.pageHiddenTime=(0,u.zO)(),(0,c.p)("docHidden",[this.pageHiddenTime],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}),!0),(0,N.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,c.p)("winPagehide",[(0,u.zO)()],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee))),this.importAggregator()}}perfObserver(t,r){t.getEntries().forEach((t=>{"first-paint"===t.name?(0,c.p)("timing",["fp",Math.floor(t.startTime)],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee):"first-contentful-paint"===t.name&&(0,c.p)("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(t.startTime)],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}lcpObserver(t,r){var n=t.getEntries();if(n.length>0){var i=n[n.length-1];if(this.pageHiddenTime<i.startTime)return;var o=[i],a=this.addConnectionAttributes({});a&&o.push(a),(0,c.p)("lcp",o,void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}}clsObserver(t){t.getEntries().forEach((t=>{t.hadRecentInput||(0,c.p)("cls",[t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}addConnectionAttributes(e){var t=navigator.connection||navigator.mozConnection||navigator.webkitConnection;if(t)return t.type&&(e["net-type"]=t.type),t.effectiveType&&(e["net-etype"]=t.effectiveType),t.rtt&&(e["net-rtt"]=t.rtt),t.downlink&&(e["net-dlink"]=t.downlink),e}captureInteraction(r){if(r instanceof t.Yu.EV&&!this.fiRecorded){var n=Math.round(r.timeStamp),i={type:r.type};this.addConnectionAttributes(i),n<=(0,u.zO)()?i.fid=(0,u.zO)()-n:n>(0,u.os)()&&n<=Date.now()?(n-=(0,u.os)(),i.fid=(0,u.zO)()-n):n=(0,u.zO)(),this.fiRecorded=!0,(0,c.p)("timing",["fi",n,i],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}}}!function(e,t,r){(t=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(t))in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r}(ne,"featureName",R.t);const ie={dedicated:Boolean(p._A?.Worker),shared:Boolean(p._A?.SharedWorker),service:Boolean(p._A?.navigator?.serviceWorker)};let oe,ae,se;var ce=i(6034);class ue extends m{constructor(t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(t,r,ce.t9,n),function(e){if(!oe){if(ie.dedicated){oe=Worker;try{p._A.Worker=r(oe,"Dedicated")}catch(e){o(e,"Dedicated")}if(ie.shared){ae=SharedWorker;try{p._A.SharedWorker=r(ae,"Shared")}catch(e){o(e,"Shared")}}else n("Shared");if(ie.service){se=navigator.serviceWorker.register;try{p._A.navigator.serviceWorker.register=(t=se,function(){for(var e=arguments.length,r=new Array(e),n=0;n<e;n++)r[n]=arguments[n];return i("Service",r[1]?.type),t.apply(navigator.serviceWorker,r)})}catch(e){o(e,"Service")}}else n("Service");var t;return}n("All")}function r(e,t){return"undefined"==typeof Proxy?e:new Proxy(e,{construct:(e,r)=>(i(t,r[1]?.type),new e(...r))})}function n(t){p.v6||e("Workers/".concat(t,"/Unavailable"))}function i(t,r){e("Workers/".concat(t,"module"===r?"/Module":"/Classic"))}function o(t,r){e("Workers/".concat(r,"/SM/Unsupported")),(0,h.Z)("NR Agent: Unable to capture ".concat(r," workers."),t)}}((t=>(0,c.p)(ce.xS,[t],void 0,e.D.metrics,this.ee))),this.importAggregator()}}!function(e,t,r){(t=function(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=typeof e||null===e)return e;var r=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==r){var n=r.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=typeof n)return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==typeof t?t:String(t)}(t))in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r}(ue,"featureName",ce.t9),new class{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,S.ky)(16);this.agentIdentifier=t,this.sharedAggregator=new _({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(E),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,e,e.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=n(this.agentIdentifier),i=Array.from(this.desiredFeatures);i.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===e.D.pageViewEvent){const e=(0,s.Z)(t.featureName),n=e.every((e=>r[e]));n||(0,h.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat(JSON.stringify(e),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,P.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(e){(0,h.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,P.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[E,ne,ue],loaderType:"lite"})})(),window.NRBA=o})();</script> <noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style> </noscript><script async src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432js_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-66610693-3"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag('set', {cookie_flags: 'SameSite=None;Secure'});gtag("config", "UA-66610693-3", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"custom_map":{"dimension2":"node_title","dimension3":"node_id","dimension7":"content_type"}});gtag("config", "G-HEQ0YF2VYL", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("config", "UA-33523145-1", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true,"page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_path","link_attribution":true,"allow_ad_personalization_signals":false,"custom_map":{"dimension2":"node_title","dimension3":"node_id","dimension7":"content_type"}});gtag("event", "custom", {"node_title":"Engineering Laboratory","node_id":"341081","content_type":"Laboratory\/Organizational Unit"});</script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el"/> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/node/341081"/> <meta name="description" content="The Engineering Laboratory promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology for engineered systems in ways that enhance economic security and improve quality of life."/> <meta name="dcterms.title" content="Engineering Laboratory"/> <meta name="dcterms.description" content="The Engineering Laboratory promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology for engineered systems in ways that enhance economic security and improve quality of life."/> <meta name="dcterms.date" content="2015-04-28T15:18-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.type" content="text"/> <meta name="dcterms.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.nist.gov/el"/> <meta name="dcterms.source" content="NIST"/> <meta name="dcterms.created" content="2015-04-28T15:18-04:00"/> <meta name="dcterms.modified" content="2022-07-27T10:16-04:00"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Engineering Laboratory | NIST"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NIST"/> <meta property="og:type" content="Article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Engineering Laboratory"/> <meta property="og:description" content="The Engineering Laboratory promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology for engineered systems in ways that enhance economic security and improve quality of life."/> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2015-04-28T15:18-04:00"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-07-27T10:16-04:00"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="QMu0ODkER3rN5hLcMLqNVf7e3bkjYsNLTuhqfH48jCA"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="NIST"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The Engineering Laboratory promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology for engineered systems in ways that enhance economic security and improve quality of life."/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Engineering Laboratory"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/el"/> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)"/> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width"/> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="nist_search_modified" class="elastic" content="2022-07-27T10:16:00-04:00"/> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "Article", "headline": "Engineering Laboratory | NIST", "description": "\u003Cp\u003EThe Engineering Laboratory promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology for engineered systems in ways that enhance economic security and improve quality of life.\u003C/p\u003E", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "representativeOfPage": "True" }, "datePublished": "2015-04-28T15:18-04:00", "dateModified": "2022-07-27T10:16-04:00" } ] }</script> <meta name="nist_search_bundle" class="elastic" content="laboratory_organizational_unit"/> <link rel="icon" href="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"/> <title>Engineering Laboratory | NIST</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20230314214432cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_F2gAVVlSdR3arDUpXp31o79SNgjcEodwd2bnXsnktzU.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/web/20230314214432cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_gD8QmGaNfUQuThtjB-S0EwEOZZNJP1QfUU1bDdLHbMU.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/web/20230314214432cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_zbjDhj-AmeVwgu9y0DlPwEfp7l-a5BpoK3MpoGmRB6o.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20230314214432cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_PV0KmreUx3hVeYI6yGypf71UDz9BSQl1Z5DjiESDh-Y.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/web/20230314214432cs_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/css/css_dXhP8gFSR5hd16LUS1TrwJ15l9WTOxqff1l1a5ojF4o.css"/> <script src="/web/20230314214432js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_VDwaIMNiRtzQn-NZvj1F9loIzJ-i4yEDiruzS8Z6Ejo.js"></script> </head> <body class="node-341081"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" data-elastic-exclude> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>  <section data-elastic-exclude class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <div class="usa-banner__inner"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto"> <p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p> <p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here’s how you know</p> </div> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default"> <span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Official websites use .gov</strong> <br/> A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong> <br/> A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewbox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title banner-lock-description" focusable="false"> <title id="banner-lock-title">Lock</title> <desc id="banner-lock-description">A locked padlock</desc><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/></svg> </span> ) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <div data-elastic-exclude>  <div class="nist-print-header" style="display:none;"> <p class="nist-print-header__url">https://www.nist.gov/el</p> <img class="nist-print-header__logo" width="289" height="38" src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/nist_logo_sidestack.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology"/> </div> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <header class="usa-header nist-header--www nist-header--minimal" role="banner"> <div class="usa-navbar"> <div class="usa-logo flex-fill"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" aria-label="Home"> <img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology" width="300px" height="80px"/> </a> </div> <div class="usa-header__right grid-row flex-auto"> <div class="grid-col-fill nist-header__search-group"> <form class="usa-search usa-search--small" accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/search" id="search_form" method="get"> <div role="search"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-form">Search NIST</label> <input class="usa-input" id="search-form" type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search NIST" required="" maxlength="128"> <button class="usa-button" type="submit"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search"></button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="grid-col-auto padding-left-1"> <button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button> </div> </div> </div> <nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav"> <div class="usa-nav__inner"> <button class="usa-nav__close">Close</button> <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-1"><span>Topics</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-1" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/topics" class="usa-nav__link">All Topics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/advanced-communications" class="usa-nav__link">Advanced communications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence" class="usa-nav__link">Artificial intelligence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/bioscience" class="usa-nav__link">Bioscience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/buildings-construction" class="usa-nav__link">Buildings and construction</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/chemistry" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/climate" class="usa-nav__link">Climate</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity" class="usa-nav__link">Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/electronics" class="usa-nav__link">Electronics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/energy" class="usa-nav__link">Energy</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/environment" class="usa-nav__link">Environment</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/fire" class="usa-nav__link">Fire</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/forensic-science" class="usa-nav__link">Forensic science</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/health" class="usa-nav__link">Health</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/information-technology" class="usa-nav__link">Information technology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/infrastructure" class="usa-nav__link">Infrastructure</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/manufacturing" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/materials" class="usa-nav__link">Materials</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/mathematics-statistics" class="usa-nav__link">Mathematics and statistics</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/metrology" class="usa-nav__link">Metrology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/nanotechnology" class="usa-nav__link">Nanotechnology</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/neutron-research" class="usa-nav__link">Neutron research</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/performance-excellence" class="usa-nav__link">Performance excellence</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/physics" class="usa-nav__link">Physics</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/public-safety" class="usa-nav__link">Public safety</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/resilience" class="usa-nav__link">Resilience</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/standards" class="usa-nav__link">Standards</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/transportation" class="usa-nav__link">Transportation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <a class="usa-nav__link" href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/publications">Publications</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link usa-current" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-3"><span>Labs & Major Programs</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-3" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/laboratories" class="usa-nav__link usa-current">Laboratories</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/ctl" class="usa-nav__link">Communications Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el" class="usa-nav__link usa-current">Engineering Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/itl" class="usa-nav__link">Information Technology Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/mml" class="usa-nav__link">Material Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/pml" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Measurement Laboratory</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/user-facilities" class="usa-nav__link">User Facilities</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/ncnr" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Center for Neutron Research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/cnst" class="usa-nav__link">CNST NanoFab</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/research-test-beds" class="usa-nav__link">Research Test Beds</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/projects-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Research Projects</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments" class="usa-nav__link">Tools & Instruments</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/labs-major-programs/major-programs" class="usa-nav__link">Major Programs</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/baldrige" class="usa-nav__link">Baldrige Performance Excellence Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/chips" class="usa-nav__link">CHIPS for America Initiative</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/mep" class="usa-nav__link">Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/oam" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Advanced Manufacturing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/spo" class="usa-nav__link">Special Programs Office</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">Technology Partnerships Office</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-4"><span>Services & Resources</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-4" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/standards-and-measurements" class="usa-nav__link">Standards and Measurements</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/calibrations" class="usa-nav__link">Calibration Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/nvlap" class="usa-nav__link">Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/nist-quality-system" class="usa-nav__link">Quality System</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/srm" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/standardsgov" class="usa-nav__link">Standards.gov</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-nav__link">Time Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm" class="usa-nav__link">Office of Weights and Measures</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software" class="usa-nav__link">Software</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/data" class="usa-nav__link">Data</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/" class="usa-nav__link">Chemistry WebBook</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://nvd.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">National Vulnerability Database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/pml/productsservices/physical-reference-data" class="usa-nav__link">Physical Reference Data</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/srd" class="usa-nav__link">Standard Reference Data (SRD)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/shop" class="usa-nav__link">Storefront</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/tpo" class="usa-nav__link">License & Patents</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://csrc.nist.gov/" class="usa-nav__link">Computer Security Resource Center (CSRC)</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Research Library</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-5"><span>News & Events</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-5" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news" class="usa-nav__link">News</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events" class="usa-nav__link">Events</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/blogs" class="usa-nav__link">Blogs</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/feature-stories" class="usa-nav__link">Feature Stories</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/awards" class="usa-nav__link">Awards</a> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/video-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Video Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/image-gallery" class="usa-nav__link">Image Gallery</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/director/pao/media-contacts" class="usa-nav__link">Media Contacts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="primary_menu-6"><span>About NIST</span></button> <div id="primary_menu-6" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist" class="usa-nav__link">About Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us" class="usa-nav__link">Contact Us</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/visit" class="usa-nav__link">Visit</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/careers" class="usa-nav__link">Careers</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure" class="usa-nav__link">Our Organization</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/director" class="usa-nav__link">Office of the Director</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/director/nist-organization-structure/budget-planning" class="usa-nav__link">Budget & Planning</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="column-break tablet:grid-col-fill"><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/work-nist" class="usa-nav__link">Work with NIST</a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/history" class="usa-nav__link">History</a> <ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Digital Archives</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/nist-museum" class="usa-nav__link">NIST Museum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/nist-and-nobel" class="usa-nav__link">NIST and the Nobel</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/education" class="usa-nav__link">Educational Resources</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </header>  </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <div id="block-nist-www-content" class="nist-block"> <section class="nist-page__content usa-section clearfix"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="nist-section-header nist-section-header--menu"> <div class="nist-section-header__main grid-container"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="nist-section-header__title tablet-lg:grid-col-4"> <h1 class="nist-page__title">Engineering Laboratory</h1> </div> <div class="nist-section-header__desc tablet-lg:grid-col-8"> <div class="text-with-summary"> <p>The Engineering Laboratory promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology for engineered systems in ways that enhance economic security and improve quality of life.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-top-4"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-6"> <aside class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--sidebar-first tablet-lg:grid-col-4 desktop-lg:grid-col-3"> <div>  <div data-elastic-exclude="" class="nist-block"> <nav> <ul class="usa-sidenav usa-accordion "> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/about-el" data-drupal-link-system-path="">About EL</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-engineering-laboratory-1"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-engineering-laboratory-1" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/about-el/careers" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Careers</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/about-el/staff-organization" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Divisions & Offices</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/about-el/research-opportunities" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Research Opportunities</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/about-el/research-facilities" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Research Facilities</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/about-el/staff-organization" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Staff & Organization</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/about-el/standards-activities" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Standards Activities</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/about-el/contact-us" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/goals-programs" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Goals & Programs</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-engineering-laboratory-2"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-engineering-laboratory-2" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/goals-programs/advanced-manufacturing" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Advanced Manufacturing</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-engineering-laboratory-2-1"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-engineering-laboratory-2-1" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/measurement-science-additive-manufacturing-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Measurement Science for Additive Manufacturing</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/measurement-science-manufacturing-robotics" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Measurement Science for Manufacturing Robotics</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/advanced-manufacturing-data-infrastructure-and-analytics-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Advanced Manufacturing Data Infrastructure and Analytics</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/goals-programs/sustainable-and-energy-efficient-manufacturing-materials-and-infrastructure" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Sustainable and Energy-Efficient Manufacturing, Materials, and Infrastructure</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-engineering-laboratory-2-2"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-engineering-laboratory-2-2" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/embedded-intelligence-buildings-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Embedded Intelligence in Buildings</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/net-zero-energy-high-performance-buildings-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Net-Zero Energy, High-Performance Buildings</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-engineering-laboratory-2-2-2"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-engineering-laboratory-2-2-2" class="usa-sidenav__sublist"> <li> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/net-zero-energy-high-performance-buildings-program/current-activities" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Current Activities</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/goals-programs/disaster-resilient-buildings-infrastructure-and-communities" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Disaster-Resilient Buildings, Infrastructure, and Communities</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-engineering-laboratory-2-3"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-engineering-laboratory-2-3" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/community-resilience-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Community Resilience</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/earthquake-risk-reduction-buildings-and-infrastructure-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Earthquake Risk Reduction in Buildings and Infrastructure</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/engineered-materials-resilient-infrastructure-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Engineered Materials for Resilient Infrastructure</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/fire-risk-reduction-buildings-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Fire Risk Reduction in Buildings</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/fire-risk-reduction-communities-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Fire Risk Reduction in Communities</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/structural-performance-multi-hazards-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Structural Performance under Multi-hazards</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/products-services" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Products & Services</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-engineering-laboratory-3"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-engineering-laboratory-3" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/products-services/extramural-grants-program" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Extramural Grants Program</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/products-services/research-information-service" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Research Information Service</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/products-services/software" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Software</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments?combine=&term_node_tid_depth=All&field_campus_tid=All&term_node_tid_depth_1=5646" data-drupal-link-system-path="" data-drupal-link-query="{"combine":"","field_campus_tid":"All","term_node_tid_depth":"All","term_node_tid_depth_1":"5646"}">Tools & Instruments</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/staff-directory" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Staff Directory</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/popular-links" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Popular Links</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-engineering-laboratory-5"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-engineering-laboratory-5" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/applied-economics-office" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Applied Economics Office</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/resilience" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Resilience</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-engineering-laboratory-5-2"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-engineering-laboratory-5-2" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/resilience/disaster-resilience-federal-funding-opportunity-ffo" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Disaster Resilience Federal Funding Opportunity (FFO)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/http://www.nist.gov/fire/index.cfm" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Fire.gov</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/fire-research-division-73300/national-fire-research-laboratory-73306" data-drupal-link-system-path="">NFRL</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/net-zero-energy-residential-test-facility" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div>   <div class="views-element-container nist-block nist-block--org" data-elastic-exclude=""> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Divisions</h2> <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-f6e591e450eb7da116175e93720b904ec41271dbd1c35647a96db4a0c09fa85a"> <div class="link-list"> <ul> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title-1"><span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/energy-and-environment-division-73200" hreflang="en">Building Energy & Environment Division</a></span></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title-1"><span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/fire-research-division-73300" hreflang="en">Fire Research Division</a></span></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title-1"><span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/intelligent-systems-division-73500" hreflang="en">Intelligent Systems Division</a></span></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title-1"><span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/materials-and-structural-systems-division-73100" hreflang="en">Materials and Structural Systems Division</a></span></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title-1"><span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/systems-integration-division-73400" hreflang="en">Systems Integration Division</a></span></div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div data-elastic-exclude="" class="nist-block nist-social__wrapper--block"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Connect with us</h2> <div><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new?topic_id=USNIST_31" class="nist-social nist-social--envelope" title="GovDelivery"><span>GovDelivery</span></a></div> </div>  </div> </aside> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8 desktop-lg:grid-col-9"> <div class="nist-block"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--hero paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-hero grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/10/oct-25-2021-update-nists-champlain-towers-south-investigation"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/07/15/Lidar%20and%20other%20instruments%20.webp?itok=-4pDwrwn 1x, /web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2021/07/15/Lidar%20and%20other%20instruments%20.webp?itok=3cPFmVZe 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2021/07/15/Lidar%20and%20other%20instruments%20.webp?itok=4I5aN7BO 1x, /web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/07/15/Lidar%20and%20other%20instruments%20.webp?itok=-4pDwrwn 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <source srcset="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/07/15/Lidar%20and%20other%20instruments%20.jpg?itok=-4pDwrwn 1x, /web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2021/07/15/Lidar%20and%20other%20instruments%20.jpg?itok=3cPFmVZe 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/jpeg" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2021/07/15/Lidar%20and%20other%20instruments%20.jpg?itok=4I5aN7BO 1x, /web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/07/15/Lidar%20and%20other%20instruments%20.jpg?itok=-4pDwrwn 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/07/15/Lidar%20and%20other%20instruments%20.jpg?itok=-4pDwrwn" width="600" height="360" alt="Equipment stands on tripods on a balcony with the beach and sea in the background." typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/10/oct-25-2021-update-nists-champlain-towers-south-investigation"> <div class="text">Update on NIST’s Champlain Towers South Investigation</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/11/streamlined-nist-tool-could-help-homeowners-renters-reduce-airborne"> <img alt="Animation shows particles as blue dots circulating through a living room via windows, fans and filters." loading="eager" src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/images/2021/11/22/VenitlationTool_Graphic_960x600_Animationv2.gif" width="960" height="535" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/11/streamlined-nist-tool-could-help-homeowners-renters-reduce-airborne"> <div class="text">Streamlined NIST Tool Could Help Homeowners, Renters Reduce Airborne Exposure to COVID</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/building-changing-climate-qa-nists-joannie-chin"> <picture> <source srcset="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/05/24/joannietopimage.webp?itok=AxhYo3Vh 1x, /web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2021/05/24/joannietopimage.webp?itok=jb3i6Of1 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2021/05/24/joannietopimage.webp?itok=PdAbdqBI 1x, /web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/05/24/joannietopimage.webp?itok=AxhYo3Vh 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <source srcset="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/05/24/joannietopimage.jpeg?itok=AxhYo3Vh 1x, /web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2021/05/24/joannietopimage.jpeg?itok=jb3i6Of1 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/jpeg" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2021/05/24/joannietopimage.jpeg?itok=PdAbdqBI 1x, /web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/05/24/joannietopimage.jpeg?itok=AxhYo3Vh 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/jpeg" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2021/05/24/joannietopimage.jpeg?itok=AxhYo3Vh" width="600" height="360" alt="Joannie Chin stands with arms crossed, wearing safety goggles, in front of scientific equipment. " typeof="foaf:Image"/> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/building-changing-climate-qa-nists-joannie-chin"> <div class="text">Building in a Changing Climate: A Q&A With NIST’s Joannie Chin</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">News and Updates</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-d8bb4c464923ae3cf84d18284c82f8f3f0157b72b06356150518feb3f0bdd8c8"> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2023/02/spotlight-big-career-switch-information-technology-nist-administrative" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/02/spotlight-big-career-switch-information-technology-nist-administrative" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/02/16/DSC_1130.jpg?itok=vdxasm_g" width="100" height="67" alt="Serena Martinez sits at a computer workstation in an office setting. " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/02/spotlight-big-career-switch-information-technology-nist-administrative"><span property="schema:name">Spotlight: The Big Career Switch to Information Technology for NIST Administrative Professional Serena Martinez</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-02-19T12:00:00Z">February 19, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">One trip to a conference for women in tech changed everything.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2023/01/assessing-fineness-construction-materials" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/01/assessing-fineness-construction-materials" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/01/20/114r.jpg?itok=NYdMHnXo" width="100" height="56" alt="SRM 114r Portland Cement Fineness" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/01/assessing-fineness-construction-materials"><span property="schema:name">Assessing the Fineness of Construction Materials</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-01-20T12:00:00Z">January 20, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">Portland cement powder is characterized by particle size for use in calibrating instruments, measuring fineness characteristics of portland cement, and other</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2022/11/spotlight-yalda-sadaat-delves-backbone-urban-life-infrastructure" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/11/spotlight-yalda-sadaat-delves-backbone-urban-life-infrastructure" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/11/09/YaldaSaadat.jpg?itok=QO3wZDnk" width="100" height="75" alt="Yalda Saadat poses sitting at a table at home, next to an open laptop and a vase of roses. " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/11/spotlight-yalda-sadaat-delves-backbone-urban-life-infrastructure"><span property="schema:name">Spotlight: Yalda Sadaat Delves Into the Backbone of Urban Life, Infrastructure</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2022-11-07T12:00:00Z">November 7, 2022</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">Infrastructure: There's more to the term than you might think, and civil engineer and researcher Yalda Saadat can shed light on its scope.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/news-events/news/2022/10/spotlight-mobile-robots-traversing-factory-floor" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/10/spotlight-mobile-robots-traversing-factory-floor" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/11/02/DSC_0500.jpg?itok=ZPnI_iMb" width="100" height="100" alt="Omar Aboul-Enein poses next to a silver and blue robotic arm in a lab setting." loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/10/spotlight-mobile-robots-traversing-factory-floor"><span property="schema:name">Spotlight: Mobile Robots Traversing the Factory Floor</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2022-10-25T12:00:00Z">October 25, 2022</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary">In manufacturing plants, robotic arms are typically fastened down in one spot, repeating a single task over and over. While stationary machines are already</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news-updates/org/5646">View All News and Updates</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--content-list paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Software</div> </h2> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-hidden entity-reference"> <div class="nist-field__items"> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/services-resources/software/tool-evaluation-vaporized-hydrogen-peroxide-disinfection-n95-masks-small" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/tool-evaluation-vaporized-hydrogen-peroxide-disinfection-n95-masks-small"><span>Tool for Evaluation of Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide Disinfection of N95 Masks in Small Rooms</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2020-06-03T12:00:00Z">June 3, 2020</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">This spreadsheet tool estimates the vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) concentration in air of rooms used for VHP mask disinfection systems. The tool employs a</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/services-resources/software/fds-and-smokeview" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/fds-and-smokeview"><span>FDS and Smokeview</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of fire-driven fluid flow. The software solves numerically a form of the Navier</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/services-resources/software/bees" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/bees" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/el/economics/bees_model4_1.jpg?itok=BZaZgT87" width="100" height="67" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/bees"><span>BEES</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2018-02-05T12:00:00Z">February 5, 2018</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">The BEES (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) software brings to your fingertips a powerful technique for selecting cost-effective</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/services-resources/software/contam" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/contam"><span>CONTAM</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2021-01-08T12:00:00Z">January 8, 2021</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">CONTAM is a multizone indoor air quality and ventilation analysis computer program designed to help you determine: (a) airflows: infiltration, exfiltration, and</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/services-resources/software/step-file-analyzer-and-viewer" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/step-file-analyzer-and-viewer" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/10/27/SFA.png?itok=88BF7ciM" width="100" height="61" alt="NIST STEP File Viewer screenshot" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/step-file-analyzer-and-viewer"><span>STEP File Analyzer and Viewer</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">The free STEP File Viewer supports parts and assemblies, dimensions and tolerances, supplemental geometry, datum targets, and point clouds. The Analyzer</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/services-resources/software/evap-cond" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/evap-cond" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/el/building_environment/evapcond.jpg?itok=84YOa3bP" width="100" height="84" alt="evapcond" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/evap-cond"><span>EVAP-COND, Version 4</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2016-05-01T12:00:00Z">May 1, 2016</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">EVAP-COND is a software package that contains NIST's simulation models for a finned-tube evaporator and condenser. The "tube-by-tube" modeling scheme allows for</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/services-resources/software/cfast" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/cfast" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2016/11/17/cfast_sample.png?itok=Jrw4F4j4" width="100" height="75" alt="CFAST" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/cfast"><span>CFAST</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">The Consolidated Model of Fire and Smoke Transport, CFAST, is a computer program that fire investigators, safety officials, engineers, architects and builders</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="nist-field__item"> <article role="article" about="/services-resources/software/vcctl-software" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/vcctl-software" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/el/building_materials/aggregatepage_1.jpg?itok=nJb2HMV7" width="100" height="45" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/vcctl-software"><span>VCCTL Software</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">(Return to Cement Hydration and Degradation Modeling Software) The Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory (VCCTL) software provides a virtual testing</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="link-list"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/org/5646">View All Software</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Tools and Instruments</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-64439eb9e0da6ed1bf502427c6ea5205b9aa67f33e6f40d057c66ef594c8d825"> <div> <article role="article" about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/smart-manufacturing-systems-sms-test-bed" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/smart-manufacturing-systems-sms-test-bed"><span>Smart Manufacturing Systems (SMS) Test Bed</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">The Smart Manufacturing Systems (SMS) Test Bed is comprised of three major components: Computer-Aided Technologies (CAx) Lab Manufacturing Lab Data publication</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/integrating-sphere-based-weathering-device" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/integrating-sphere-based-weathering-device" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/bfrlsphere350_4.jpg?itok=SIlFtebi" width="99" height="100" alt="Integrating Sphere-based Weathering Device" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/integrating-sphere-based-weathering-device"><span>Integrating Sphere-based Weathering Device</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">In the artificial ultraviolet (UV) weathering of materials, a need exists for weathering devices that can uniformly illuminate test specimens with a high level</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/manufacturing-robotics-testbed" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/manufacturing-robotics-testbed" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/el/isd/si/robotlab.jpg?itok=lQZCmrFd" width="70" height="100" alt="Manufacturing Robotics Testbed" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/manufacturing-robotics-testbed"><span>Manufacturing Robotics Testbed</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">The NIST manufacturing robotics test bed consists of several labs located in three buildings on the main NIST campus. Combined, these serve as a resource for</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/laboratories/tools-instruments/fire-calorimetry-database-fcd" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/fire-calorimetry-database-fcd" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/02/11/SouthWide%20-%202019-12-10%20-%20Test16_8woodCrib_r1%20-%2001-32-00.600%20PM-frameP.jpg?itok=pGlkTrvM" width="100" height="56" alt="FCD-landing-page.jpg" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/fire-calorimetry-database-fcd"><span>Fire Calorimetry Database (FCD)</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">The National Fire Research Laboratory (NFRL) operates calorimeters to measure the heat and combustion products for fires in the range of 50 kW to 20,000 kW</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/org/5646">View All Tools & Instruments</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Awards</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-59286982ede07ae2503a826bc5a9d6d8bad8a8e650442de28485a4dbd053316e"> <div> <article role="article" about="/nist-awards/2022-bronze-medal-award-jennifer-helgeson-priya-lavappa-david-webb" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/nist-awards/2022-bronze-medal-award-jennifer-helgeson-priya-lavappa-david-webb" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/01/18/BRONZE_Lavappa.Webb_.Helgeson.jpg?itok=1dPqtDt3" width="100" height="67" alt="2022 Bronze Awardees" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/nist-awards/2022-bronze-medal-award-jennifer-helgeson-priya-lavappa-david-webb"><span>2022 - Bronze Medal Award---Jennifer Helgeson, Priya Lavappa, David Webb</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="string-long">For developing a software tool that supports prioritizing alternative solutions and investment decisions for improving community resilience. </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/nist-awards/2022-bronze-medal-award-guodong-shao" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/nist-awards/2022-bronze-medal-award-guodong-shao" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/12/20/Geodong.Shao_.Bronze.jpg?itok=i8bd4WOY" width="67" height="100" alt="Geodong Shao Bronze Award 2022" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/nist-awards/2022-bronze-medal-award-guodong-shao"><span>2022 - Bronze Medal Award---Guodong Shao</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="string-long">For the development of an ISO standard that facilitates the implementation of digital twins in manufacturing to improve analysis and decision-making.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/nist-awards/2022-colleagues-choice-award-brian-dougherty" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/nist-awards/2022-colleagues-choice-award-brian-dougherty" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/12/20/Brian.Dougharty.Colleague.Choice.jpg?itok=vI1cR4Y9" width="67" height="100" alt="Brian Dougherty Colleagues Choice" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/nist-awards/2022-colleagues-choice-award-brian-dougherty"><span>2022 - Colleagues' Choice Award---Brian Dougherty</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="string-long">For leading research in EL that has advanced technologies for net-zero energy homes while also supporting priority efforts in OFPM, CTL, PML, and SPO.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/nist-awards/2022-diversity-inclusivity-and-equal-employment-opportunity-award-rodney-bryant-tania" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/nist-awards/2022-diversity-inclusivity-and-equal-employment-opportunity-award-rodney-bryant-tania" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/01/18/DIVERSITY%20Bryant%20Ullah%20Martinez%20Logan%20Perry%20Weigand%20Rivas%20Milesi%20Ferretti%20Sexton%20Schlenoff.jpg?itok=5CfFjIIE" width="100" height="39" alt="Diversity Inclusivity Awardees" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/nist-awards/2022-diversity-inclusivity-and-equal-employment-opportunity-award-rodney-bryant-tania"><span>2022 - Diversity, Inclusivity and Equal Employment Opportunity Award---Rodney Bryant, Tania Ullah, Serena Martinez, Melissa Logan, LaKesha Perry, Jonathan Weigand, Cynthia Rivas, Natascha Milesi Ferretti, Thurston Sexton, Craig Schlenoff</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="string-long">For developing the mission and vision and leading the establishment and direction of the EL’s Diversity, Inclusivity, and Belonging Council.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/awards/org/5646">View All Awards</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block "> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Taking Measure Blog</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-e84ed368dfec667933709a0c86d9f9ca4d17f66eb2e2d9da9fcba4456bb3d083"> <div> <article role="article" about="/blogs/taking-measure/4-places-weights-and-measures-help-you-get-what-you-pay" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/4-places-weights-and-measures-help-you-get-what-you-pay" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/02/28/weights%20and%20measures%20week%202023%20graphic.png?itok=2qx0ELS3" width="100" height="63" alt="Graphic with text that reads "Weights and Measures" and shows fish at a seafood counter, a bag of mulch, a grocery checkout, and a gas pump. Color scheme is orange and purple. " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/4-places-weights-and-measures-help-you-get-what-you-pay"><span>4 Places Weights and Measures Help You Get What You Pay For</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-03-01T12:00:00Z">March 1, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">Here at NIST, we are committed to making sure you get what you pay for when buying something based on weight or measure, such as food or fuel.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/blogs/taking-measure/how-my-childhood-fascination-bridges-helped-me-build-career-protecting-people" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/how-my-childhood-fascination-bridges-helped-me-build-career-protecting-people" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/01/31/jazalyn-dukes-portrait-020823.jpeg.jpg?itok=REsuxtDL" width="100" height="67" alt="Jazalyn Dukes poses in front of a display that reads "Engineering a Safer World."" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/how-my-childhood-fascination-bridges-helped-me-build-career-protecting-people"><span>How My Childhood Fascination With Bridges Helped Me Build a Career Protecting People and Buildings From Natural Disasters</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-02-22T12:00:00Z">February 22, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">NIST research engineer Jazalyn Dukes talks about what inspired her career and gives some advice to girls considering a career in structural and civil</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/blogs/taking-measure/powerful-ai-already-here-use-it-responsibly-we-need-mitigate-bias" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/powerful-ai-already-here-use-it-responsibly-we-need-mitigate-bias" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/02/10/DSC_1686.jpg?itok=POhHJvFq" width="100" height="67" alt="Apostol Vassilev poses for a photo with a computer monitor in the background." loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/powerful-ai-already-here-use-it-responsibly-we-need-mitigate-bias"><span>Powerful AI Is Already Here: To Use It Responsibly, We Need to Mitigate Bias</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-02-15T12:00:00Z">February 15, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">As the power of AI grows, businesses, governments and the public will have to manage AI’s impact on society.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article role="article" about="/blogs/taking-measure/space-shuttle-structural-engineering-nists-tuskegee-airmen-left-lasting-legacy" class="nist-teaser"> <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/space-shuttle-structural-engineering-nists-tuskegee-airmen-left-lasting-legacy" hreflang="en"><img src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/02/03/BHM_blog-collage.jpg?itok=eyRK35T6" width="100" height="63" alt="Collage includes four historical photos of Black men in military and office attire on background of gold, green, black and red. " loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"/> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/space-shuttle-structural-engineering-nists-tuskegee-airmen-left-lasting-legacy"><span>From the Space Shuttle to Structural Engineering, NIST’s Tuskegee Airmen Left a Lasting Legacy in Service and Science</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-02-08T12:00:00Z">February 8, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary">Four of these men are now known to have continued their careers at NBS, though colleagues at the time didn’t know about their co-workers’ historic past.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure">View more</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="nist-resource-block nist-resource-block--first tablet:grid-col"> <div class="nist-resource-block__title-bar"> <div class="nist-resource-block__title"> <div class="nist-resource-block__icon"> <img aria-hidden="true" role="img" alt="decorative icon" src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/resource-icons/link-icon-2x.png"/> </div> <h2> <div class="string">Popular Links</div> </h2> </div> </div> <div class="nist-resource-block__content"> <div class="nist-block"> <div class="text-long"><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www2.nist.gov/el/cyber-physical-systems-office">Cyber-Physical Systems</a></li> <li><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="taxonomy_term" data-entity-uuid="247d7352-0875-497c-aa06-477e5fb87abf" href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/topic-terms/resilience" title="Resilience">Resilience</a></li> <li><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="bc7bb891-f961-494e-b2aa-06fd0631b629" href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/fire-research-division-73300/firegov-fire-service" title="Fire.Gov">Fire.gov</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/nzertf">Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www2.nist.gov/engineering-laboratory/smart-grid">Smart Grid</a></li> <li><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8126d703-8c15-4155-9c2e-7b3610a4eaf7" href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/world-trade-center-investigation" title="World Trade Center Investigation">World Trade Center Disaster Investigation</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-resource-block nist-resource-block--second nist-resource-block--green tablet:grid-col"> <div class="nist-resource-block__title-bar"> <div class="nist-resource-block__title"> <div class="nist-resource-block__icon"> <img aria-hidden="true" role="img" alt="decorative icon" src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/themes/custom/nist_www/img/resource-icons/product-icon-2x.png"/> </div> <h2> <div class="string">Products and Services</div> </h2> </div> </div> <div class="nist-resource-block__content"> <div class="nist-block"> <div class="text-long"><ul><li><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5da4a8a1-325c-4272-9b57-48fe3f59d188" href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/products-services/research-information-service" title="EL Research Information Service">Research Information Service</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/org/5646">Software Products</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/laboratories/tools-instruments/search?combine=&term_node_tid_depth=All&field_campus_tid=All&term_node_tid_depth_1=5646">Research Facilities</a></li> <li><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="4ddb43e3-bbfa-4672-aa9d-1270e1faa176" href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/products-services/extramural-grants-program" title="EL Extramural Grants">Extramural Grants Program</a></li> <li><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3ab81165-bbcd-46a3-b260-a2b3635461db" href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/el/about-el/research-opportunities" title="Work With Us">Guest Researcher Opportunities</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-bottom"> <div class="nist-block nist-block--contact"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Contacts</h2> <div class="nist-contact"> <ul class="nist-contact__items"> <li class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"> Engineering Laboratory </div> <div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/mailto:joannie.chin@nist.gov">joannie.chin@nist.gov</a> </div> <div> (301) 975-5900 </div> <div> 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8600 <br> Gaithersburg, MD 20899 </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-elastic-exclude>  <footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4"> <div class="grid-container nist-footer__info"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__logo"> <a href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home"> <img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/web/20230314214432im_/https://www.nist.gov/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" width="300px" height="42px"/> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__contact"> <h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3> <address> 100 Bureau Drive<br> Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a> </address> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__social-links"> <a class="nist-social nist-social--twitter-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://twitter.com/NIST"> <span>Twitter</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.facebook.com/NIST"> <span>Facebook</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist"> <span>LinkedIn</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--instagram-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.instagram.com/nist/"> <span>Instagram</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--youtube-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.youtube.com/NIST"> <span>YouTube</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--giphy-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://giphy.com/nist"> <span>Giphy</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--rss-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/nist-rss-feeds"> <span>RSS Feed</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-white" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new"> <span>Mailing List</span> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__feedback"> How are we doing? <a class="usa-button" rel="nofollow" href="/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/form/nist-gov-feedback?destination=/el" title="Provide feedback">Feedback</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-footer__nav" role="navigation"> <ul> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/privacy-policy">Site Privacy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/oism/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/privacy">Privacy Program</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/oism/copyrights">Copyrights</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.commerce.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy">Vulnerability Disclosure</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/no-fear-act-policy">No Fear Act Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/office-director/freedom-information-act">FOIA</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/environmental-policy-statement">Environmental Policy</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/summary-report-scientific-integrity">Scientific Integrity</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.nist.gov/nist-information-quality-standards">Information Quality Standards</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://www.commerce.gov/">Commerce.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/http://www.science.gov/">Science.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/http://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> <li class="nist-footer__menu-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432/https://vote.gov/">Vote.gov</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer>  </div> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/341081","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"back_to_top":{"back_to_top_button_trigger":100,"back_to_top_prevent_on_mobile":false,"back_to_top_prevent_in_admin":true,"back_to_top_button_type":"image","back_to_top_button_text":"Back to top"},"google_analytics":{"account":"UA-66610693-3","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|bsh|c|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|dw(fx|g|gd)|dxf|eps|epub|exe|f(90)|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|m1v|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mobi|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|pl|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|rfa|rtf|rvt|sch|sea|sit|swf|tar|tgz|tif|txt|txz|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|wrl|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|xsd|z|zip","trackDomainMode":1},"nist_search":{"clickTracking":"search-report-click","isDebug":false,"clickTrackEnabled":true,"message":"NIST Search in debug mode. Check the browsers network inspector for Click Track reporting results..."},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"\\.gov\\\/|\\.mil\\\/|\\manufacturingusa\\.com\\\/","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":true,"extAlertText":"Thank you for visiting NIST. We hope your visit was informative. We have provided a link to this site because it has information that may be of interest to our users. NIST does not necessarily endorse the views expressed or the facts presented on this site. Further, NIST does not endorse any commercial products that may be advertised or available on this site. Click OK to be directed to your link.","mailtoClass":"0","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","whitelistedDomains":[]}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"582eea317b4636ab5a0dffc8c6a006df3d6901ea5610498a0bbefc925ea1da0f"}}</script> <script src="/web/20230314214432js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js_AOg417qepduGFvXDI_SP863Nh3qVCuiSeO8_GAxUYnk.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314214432js_/https://siteimproveanalytics.com/js/siteanalyze_6017546.js" async></script> <script src="/web/20230314214432js_/https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/js/js__m8lPoob6WYP5ISBblOsGOTOBGL48ZeEwQyTPAl7RqA.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"37b7ccb661","applicationID":"1089704227","transactionName":"YFxUN0sADEdYVkBaClkWdwBNCA1aFkVVVABoWlcAUQQ=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":93,"atts":"TBtXQQMaH0k=","errorBeacon":"gov-bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Engineering Laboratory | NIST