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Ogljik - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija

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</form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osebna orodja"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Videz"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Videz" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Videz</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=sl" class=""><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&amp;returnto=Ogljik" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno." class=""><span>Ustvari račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&amp;returnto=Ogljik" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijava</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Več možnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osebna orodja" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osebna orodja</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Uporabniški meni" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=sl"><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&amp;returnto=Ogljik" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Ustvari račun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&amp;returnto=Ogljik" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prijava</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strani za neprijavljene urejevalce <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Uvod" aria-label="Več o urejanju"><span>več o tem</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojiPrispevki" title="Seznam urejanj s tega IP-naslova [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojPogovor" title="Pogovor o urejanjih s tega IP-naslova [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pogovorna stran</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Vsebina" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vsebina</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Uvod</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Značilnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Značilnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Značilnosti</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Značilnosti-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vklopi podrazdelek Značilnosti</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Značilnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alotropi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alotropi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Alotropi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alotropi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pogostnost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pogostnost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pogostnost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pogostnost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anorganske_spojine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anorganske_spojine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Anorganske spojine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anorganske_spojine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organokovinske_spojine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organokovinske_spojine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Organokovinske spojine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organokovinske_spojine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zgodovina_in_etimologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zgodovina_in_etimologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zgodovina in etimologija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zgodovina_in_etimologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proizvodnja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proizvodnja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Proizvodnja</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Proizvodnja-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vklopi podrazdelek Proizvodnja</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Proizvodnja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grafit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grafit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Grafit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grafit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diamant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diamant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Diamant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diamant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uporaba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uporaba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uporaba</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uporaba-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vklopi podrazdelek Uporaba</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uporaba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diamanti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diamanti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Diamanti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diamanti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varnostni_vidiki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varnostni_vidiki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Varnostni vidiki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Varnostni_vidiki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sklici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sklici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sklici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sklici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zunanje_povezave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zunanje_povezave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Zunanje povezave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zunanje_povezave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Vsebina" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vklopi kazalo vsebine" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vklopi kazalo vsebine</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ogljik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="P9jdi na članek v drugem jeziku. Na voljo v 203 jezikih." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-203" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">203 jeziki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof – afrikanščina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koolstof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff – nemščina (Švica)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kohlenstoff" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemščina (Švica)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%89%A6%E1%8A%95" title="ካርቦን – amharščina" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካርቦን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio – aragonščina" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Carbonio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन – angikaščina" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dober članek"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="كربون – arabščina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كربون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="كاربون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كاربون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="كاربون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاربون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="কাৰ্বন – asamščina" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাৰ্বন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonu" title="Carbonu – asturijščina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Carbonu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – azerbajdžanščina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="کربون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کربون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод – baškirščina" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – balijščina" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongl%C4%97" title="Onglė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Onglė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Вуглярод – beloruščina" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вуглярод" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="beloruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Вуглярод – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вуглярод" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Въглерод – bolgarščina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Въглерод" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ကာဗွန် – Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကာဗွန်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="কার্বন – bengalščina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্বন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%97%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="སོལ་རྗས། – tibetanščina" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སོལ་རྗས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – bretonščina" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik – bosanščina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ugljik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%88%D1%8D" title="Нүүрһэнтүрэгшэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нүүрһэнтүрэгшэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboni" title="Carboni – katalonščina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carboni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1ng" title="Táng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Táng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – sebuanščina" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%94_%E1%8F%85%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%B3%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B4%E1%8F%85_%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A8" title="ᎤᎦᏔ ᏅᏓᏳᏓᎴᏅ ᏬᏗᎨ – čerokeščina" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᎦᏔ ᏅᏓᏳᏓᎴᏅ ᏬᏗᎨ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="čerokeščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%86" title="کاربۆن – osrednja kurdščina" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاربۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="osrednja kurdščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniu" title="Carboniu – korziščina" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Carboniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korziščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhl%C3%ADk" title="Uhlík – češčina" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Uhlík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%83%D0%BC%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%88" title="Кăмрăкамăш – čuvaščina" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кăмрăкамăш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – valižanščina" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valižanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="priporočeni članek"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – danščina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff – nemščina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kohlenstoff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuglik" title="Wuglik – dolnja lužiška srbščina" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wuglik" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="dolnja lužiška srbščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Άνθρακας – grščina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άνθρακας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dober članek"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – angleščina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angleščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karbono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono – španščina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carbono" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCsinik" title="Süsinik – estonščina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Süsinik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbono" title="Karbono – baskovščina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karbono" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonu" title="Carbonu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Carbonu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izbrani članek"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="کربن – perzijščina" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کربن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiili" title="Hiili – finščina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hiili" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaboni" title="Kaboni – fidžijščina" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kaboni" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidžijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolevni" title="Kolevni – ferščina" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kolevni" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ferščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone – francoščina" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carbone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francoščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karboon_(element)" title="Karboon (element) – severna frizijščina" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Karboon (element)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severna frizijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboni" title="Carboni – furlanščina" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Carboni" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="furlanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koalstof" title="Koalstof – zahodna frizijščina" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Koalstof" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zahodna frizijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B3n" title="Carbón – irščina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Carbón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="碳" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonn" title="Karbonn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Karbonn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gualan" title="Gualan – škotska gelščina" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gualan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škotska gelščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono – galicijščina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carbono" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatap%E1%BB%B9i" title="Tatapỹi – gvaranijščina" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tatapỹi" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%A8" title="કાર્બન – gudžaratščina" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કાર્બન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžaratščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboan" title="Carboan – manščina" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Carboan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Than" title="Than – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Than" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalepona" title="Kalepona – havajščina" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kalepona" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="פחמן – hebrejščina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פחמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन – hindijščina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koila" title="Koila – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Koila" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik – hrvaščina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ugljik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhlik" title="Wuhlik – gornja lužiška srbščina" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wuhlik" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="gornja lužiška srbščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kab%C3%B2n" title="Kabòn – haitijska kreolščina" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kabòn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitijska kreolščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9n" title="Szén – madžarščina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szén" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="madžarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AE%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ածխածին – armenščina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ածխածին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD" title="Բնածուխ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բնածուխ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – indonezijščina" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – ilokanščina" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbo" title="Karbo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karbo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolefni" title="Kolefni – islandščina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kolefni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio – italijanščina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carbonio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%AD%E7%B4%A0" title="炭素 – japonščina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="炭素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaban" title="Kaaban – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kaaban" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tabno" title="tabno – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tabno" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – javanščina" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ნახშირბადი – gruzijščina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნახშირბადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aka%E1%B9%9Bbun" title="Akaṛbun – kabilščina" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Akaṛbun" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C9%A9b%C9%94n%C9%A9" title="Karɩbɔnɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Karɩbɔnɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – kikujščina" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikujščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Көміртегі – kazaščina" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көміртегі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2" title="ಇಂಗಾಲ – kanareščina" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಂಗಾಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanareščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C" title="탄소 – korejščina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Шомувтыр – komi-permjaščina" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Шомувтыр" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permjaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff – kölnsko narečje" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Kohlenstoff" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölnsko narečje" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – kurdščina" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Шомчужысь – komijščina" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Шомчужысь" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – kornijščina" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Көмүртек – kirgiščina" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көмүртек" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonium" title="Carbonium – latinščina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carbonium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuelestoff" title="Kuelestoff – luksemburščina" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kuelestoff" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод – lezginščina" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Carbono" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof – limburščina" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Koolstof" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Carbonio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonie" title="Carbonie – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Carbonie" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboni" title="Carboni – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Carboni" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaboni" title="Kaboni – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kaboni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ຄາບອນ – laoščina" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄາບອນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglis" title="Anglis – litovščina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anglis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogleklis" title="Ogleklis – latvijščina" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ogleklis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Седель – mokšavščina" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Седель" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokšavščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karb%C3%B4nina" title="Karbônina – malgaščina" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Karbônina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%B1%D0%B9%D0%B4%D3%B1%D2%A5" title="Шӱйдӱҥ – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шӱйдӱҥ" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waro" title="Waro – maorščina" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Waro" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Јаглерод – makedonščina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јаглерод" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BA" title="കാർബൺ – malajalamščina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാർബൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87" title="Нүүрстөрөгч – mongolščina" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нүүрстөрөгч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ – manipurščina" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन – maratščina" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – malajščina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonju" title="Karbonju – malteščina" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Karbonju" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ကာဗွန် – burmanščina" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာဗွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Седь – erzjanščina" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Седь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzjanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecolli" title="Tecolli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tecolli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff – nizka nemščina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kohlenstoff" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nizka nemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन – nepalščina" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन – nevarščina" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof – nizozemščina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koolstof" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – novonorveščina" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novonorveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – knjižna norveščina" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="knjižna norveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbo" title="Karbo – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Karbo" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1%C3%A1bin" title="Káábin – navajščina" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Káábin" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B2ni" title="Carbòni – okcitanščina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Carbòni" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiilisuadu" title="Hiilisuadu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Hiilisuadu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarboonii" title="Kaarboonii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaarboonii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%95" title="ଅଙ୍ଗାରକ – odijščina" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅଙ୍ଗାରକ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Æвзалыгуыр – osetinščina" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æвзалыгуыр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕਾਰਬਨ – pandžabščina" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਰਬਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – papiamentu" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बोन – palijščina" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="कार्बोन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="palijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%99giel_(pierwiastek)" title="Węgiel (pierwiastek) – poljščina" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Węgiel (pierwiastek)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B2ni" title="Carbòni – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Carbòni" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="کاربن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاربن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="کاربون – paštunščina" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کاربون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono – portugalščina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carbono" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27illimsayaq" title="K&#039;illimsayaq – kečuanščina" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K&#039;illimsayaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – romunščina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romunščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonu" title="Carbonu – aromunščina" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Carbonu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromunščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод – ruščina" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Карбон – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Карбон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8" title="कार्बन – sanskrt" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कार्बन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Харыалык – jakutščina" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Харыалык" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B2niu" title="Carbòniu – sardinščina" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Carbòniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carb%C3%B2niu" title="Carbòniu – sicilijanščina" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Carbòniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caurbon" title="Caurbon – škotščina" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caurbon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ڪاربان – sindščina" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاربان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljenik" title="Ugljenik – srbohrvaščina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ugljenik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbohrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="කාබන් – sinhalščina" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාබන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhl%C3%ADk" title="Uhlík – slovaščina" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Uhlík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="کاربن – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کاربن" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ci%C4%91%C4%91%C3%A2" title="Čiđđâ – inarska samijščina" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Čiđđâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inarska samijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabhoni" title="Kabhoni – šonščina" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kabhoni" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarboon" title="Kaarboon – somalščina" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kaarboon" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karboni" title="Karboni – albanščina" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Karboni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Угљеник – srbščina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Угљеник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolestof" title="Koolestof – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Koolestof" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – sundanščina" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kol" title="Kol – švedščina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaboni" title="Kaboni – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaboni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கரிமம் – tamilščina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரிமம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కార్బన్ – telugijščina" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కార్బన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Карбон – tadžiščina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Карбон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="คาร์บอน – tajščina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาร์บอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – tagalogščina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon – turščina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karbon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод – tatarščina" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод – tuvinščina" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="كاربون – ujgurščina" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كاربون" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Вуглець – ukrajinščina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вуглець" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="کاربن – urdujščina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاربن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdujščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uglerod" title="Uglerod – uzbeščina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Uglerod" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Carbonio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hil%27nik" title="Hil&#039;nik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hil&#039;nik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon – vietnamščina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Carbon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbong" title="Carbong – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Carbong" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbin" title="Karbin – volapik" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Karbin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone – valonščina" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Carbone" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono – varajščina" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Carbono" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳 – wu-kitajščina" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="碳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углерод – kalmiščina" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Углерод" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmiščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-carbon" title="I-carbon – koščina" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-carbon" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="koščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A3" title="קוילנשטאף – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קוילנשטאף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1rb%E1%BB%8D%CC%80n%C3%B9" title="Kárbọ̀nù – jorubščina" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kárbọ̀nù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danq" title="Danq – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Danq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A5%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%A5%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E" title="ⴰⵥⵓⵥⵉⵎ – standardni maroški tamazig" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵥⵓⵥⵉⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standardni maroški tamazig" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳 – kitajščina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="碳" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="碳" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B2a%E2%81%BF-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Thòaⁿ-sò͘ – min nan kitajščina" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thòaⁿ-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳 – kantonščina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="碳" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmCalahle" title="UmCalahle – zulujščina" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmCalahle" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulujščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q623#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi medjezikovne povezave" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi povezave</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ogljik" title="Ogled vsebinske strani [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pogovor:Ogljik" rel="discussion" title="Pogovor o vsebinski strani [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pogovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Spremeni različico jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">slovenščina</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ogljik"><span>Preberi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit" title="Uredite to stran [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit" title="Uredi izvorno kodo te strani [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kodo</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=history" title="Prejšnje redakcije te strani [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zgodovina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Orodja strani"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Orodja" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Orodja</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Orodja</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Več možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dejanja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ogljik"><span>Preberi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit" title="Uredite to stran [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit" title="Uredi izvorno kodo te strani [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kodo</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=history"><span>Zgodovina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Splošno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:KajSePovezujeSem/Ogljik" title="Seznam vseh strani, ki se povezujejo sem [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Kaj se povezuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:RecentChangesLinked/Ogljik" rel="nofollow" title="Zadnje spremembe na straneh, s katerimi se povezuje ta stran [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane spremembe</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:PosebneStrani" title="Seznam vseh posebnih strani [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne strani</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;oldid=6342890" title="Trajna povezava na to redakcijo strani"><span>Trajna povezava</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=info" title="Več informacij o tej strani"><span>Podatki o strani</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Navedi&amp;page=Ogljik&amp;id=6342890&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tem, kako navajati to stran"><span>Navedba članka</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOgljik"><span>Pridobi skrajšani URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOgljik"><span>Prenesi kodo QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tiskanje/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Book&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Ogljik"><span>Ustvari e-knjigo</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Ogljik&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Prenesi kot PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;printable=yes" title="Različica te strani za tisk [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Različica za tisk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> V drugih projektih </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Carbon" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedijina zbirka</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q623" title="Povezava na ustrezni predmet v podatkovni shrambi [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Predmet v Wikipodatkih</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Orodja strani"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Videz"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Videz</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Iz Wikipedije, proste enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sl" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Kemijski element, simbol C z vrstnim številom 6<a href="/w/index.php?title=Predloga:SHORTDESC:Kemijski_element,_simbol_C_z_vrstnim_%C5%A1tevilom_6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Predloga:SHORTDESC:Kemijski element, simbol C z vrstnim številom 6 (stran ne obstaja)">Predloga:SHORTDESC:Kemijski element, simbol C z vrstnim številom 6</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5913888">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-spacing:3px;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:black;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0.2em;float:right;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em;width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar,.mw-parser-output .infobox th,.mw-parser-output .infobox td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox th,.mw-parser-output .infobox td{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Ogljik,&#160;<sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">6</span></sub>C</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg/220px-Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg/330px-Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg/440px-Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="562" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Grafit (levo) in diamant (desno), dva ogljikova alotropa</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">Ogljik</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Izgovarjava</th><td class="infobox-data"><small>IPA:&#160;</small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:IPA_za_sloven%C5%A1%C4%8Dino" title="Pomoč:IPA za slovenščino">[ɔɡˈljiːk]</a></span>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alotropija" title="Alotropija">Alotropi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alotropi_ogljika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alotropi ogljika (stran ne obstaja)">drugi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Videz</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5911185">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>grafit: črn, metaličen</li><li>diamant: brezbarven</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomska_te%C5%BEa" title="Atomska teža">Standardna atomska teža</a><span style="font-weight:normal;">&#x20;<i>A</i><sub>r,&#160;std</sub>(C)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">[<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001120096000000000♠"></span>12,0096</span>;&#160;<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001120116000000000♠"></span>12,0116</span>]&#x20;običajno:&#160;<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001120110000000000♠"></span>12,011</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">Ogljik v <a href="/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elementov" title="Periodni sistem elementov">periodnem sistemu</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; border-width:1px; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:transparent; border:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Vodik</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Helij</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Litij" title="Litij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Litij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berilij" title="Berilij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Berilij</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bor (element)</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c; border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">Ogljik</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Dušik</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Kisik</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Fluor</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Neon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrij" title="Natrij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Natrij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Magnezij</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminij" title="Aluminij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Aluminij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Silicij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Fosfor</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDveplo" title="Žveplo"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Žveplo</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Klor</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Argon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Kalij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Kalcij</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Skandij" title="Skandij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Skandij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(element)" title="Titan (element)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Titan (element)</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadij" title="Vanadij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Vanadij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Krom</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Mangan</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezo" title="Železo"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Železo</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Kobalt</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nikelj" title="Nikelj"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Nikelj</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Baker" title="Baker"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Baker</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Cink</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Galij" title="Galij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Galij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Germanij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arzen" title="Arzen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Arzen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Selen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Brom</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Kripton</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidij" title="Rubidij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Rubidij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Stroncij" title="Stroncij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Stroncij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Itrij" title="Itrij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Itrij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cirkonij" title="Cirkonij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Cirkonij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobij" title="Niobij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Niobij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Molibden</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tehnecij" title="Tehnecij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tehnecij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutenij" title="Rutenij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rutenij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rodij" title="Rodij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rodij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Paladij" title="Paladij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Paladij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Srebro</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kadmij" title="Kadmij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Kadmij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indij" title="Indij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">indij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kositer" title="Kositer"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Kositer</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Antimon</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Telur</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Jod</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Ksenon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cezij" title="Cezij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Cezij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barij" title="Barij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Barij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Lantan</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerij" title="Cerij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Cerij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Prazeodim" title="Prazeodim"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Prazeodim</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodim" title="Neodim"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Neodim</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Prometij" title="Prometij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Prometij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarij" title="Samarij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Samarij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Evropij" title="Evropij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Evropij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinij" title="Gadolinij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Gadolinij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbij" title="Terbij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Terbij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Disprozij" title="Disprozij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Disprozij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmij" title="Holmij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Holmij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbij" title="Erbij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Erbij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tulij" title="Tulij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Tulij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iterbij" title="Iterbij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Iterbij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutecij" title="Lutecij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Lutecij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnij" title="Hafnij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Hafnij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tantal</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Volfram</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Renij" title="Renij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Renij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmij" title="Osmij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Osmij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridij" title="Iridij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Iridij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Platina</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Zlato</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivo_srebro" title="Živo srebro"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Živo srebro</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Talij" title="Talij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Talij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Svinec" title="Svinec"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Svinec</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bizmut</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonij" title="Polonij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Polonij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Astat</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Radon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francij" title="Francij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Francij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radij" title="Radij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Radij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinij" title="Aktinij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Aktinij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Torij" title="Torij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Torij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinij" title="Protaktinij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Protaktinij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uran_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uran (element)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Uran (element)</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunij" title="Neptunij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Neptunij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonij" title="Plutonij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Plutonij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americij" title="Americij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Americij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kirij" title="Kirij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Kirij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelij" title="Berkelij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Berkelij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornij" title="Kalifornij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Kalifornij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ajn%C5%A1tajnij" title="Ajnštajnij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Ajnštajnij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermij" title="Fermij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Fermij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevij" title="Mendelevij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Mendelevij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelij" title="Nobelij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Nobelij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lavrencij" title="Lavrencij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Lavrencij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Raderfordij" title="Raderfordij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Raderfordij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnij" title="Dubnij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Dubnij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Siborgij" title="Siborgij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Siborgij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Borij" title="Borij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Borij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hasij" title="Hasij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Hasij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Majtnerij" title="Majtnerij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Majtnerij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darm%C5%A1tatij" title="Darmštatij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Darmštatij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rentgenij" title="Rentgenij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rentgenij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kopernicij" title="Kopernicij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Kopernicij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonij" title="Nihonij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Nihonij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovij" title="Flerovij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Flerovij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moskovij" title="Moskovij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Moskovij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorij" title="Livermorij"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Livermorij</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tenes" title="Tenes"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tenes</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Oganeson</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;">–<br />↑<br /><strong>C</strong><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">Si</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)">bor</a> ← <strong><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ogljik</a></b></strong> → <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">dušik</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vrstno_%C5%A1tevilo" title="Vrstno število">Vrstno število</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>Z</i>)</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Skupina_periodnega_sistema" title="Skupina periodnega sistema">Skupina</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ogljikova_skupina" title="Ogljikova skupina">skupina&#160;14 (ogljikova skupina)</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Perioda_periodnega_sistema" title="Perioda periodnega sistema">Perioda</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Element_2._periode" title="Element 2. periode">perioda&#160;2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnega_sistema" title="Blok periodnega sistema">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="color legend: blok p" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; width:6px; height:8px; border:1px solid black; background:#fdff8c">&#160;</span> <a href="/wiki/Blok_p" title="Blok p">blok p</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Razporeditev_elektronov" class="mw-redirect" title="Razporeditev elektronov">Razporeditev elektronov</a></th><td class="infobox-data">&#91;<a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij">He</a>&#93; 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Razporeditev elektronov po lupini</th><td class="infobox-data">2, 4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">Fizikalne lastnosti</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Faza_snovi" title="Faza snovi">Faza snovi</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">pri&#160;<span title="STP: standardna temperatura in pritisk: 0&#160;°C in 101,325&#160;kPa"><a href="/wiki/Standardni_pogoji" title="Standardni pogoji">STP</a></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trdnina" title="Trdnina">trdnina</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sublimacija" title="Sublimacija">Sublimišče</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3642&#160;°C&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gostota" title="Gostota">Gostota</a>&#x20;<span style="font-weight:normal;">(blizu&#160;<span class="abbr" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted" title="sobna temperatura">s.t.</span>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">amorfen: 1,8–2,1&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <br />grafit: 2,267&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup>&#x20; <br />diamant: 3,515&#160;g/cm<sup>3</sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Trojna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Trojna točka">Trojna točka</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4.330&#160;°C, 10.800&#160;kPa<sup id="cite_ref-triple2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-triple2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-triple3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-triple3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Talilna_toplota" title="Talilna toplota">Talilna toplota</a></th><td class="infobox-data">grafit: 117&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kilod%C5%BEul_na_mol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilodžul na mol">kJ/mol</a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Toplotna_kapaciteta" title="Toplotna kapaciteta">Toplotna kapaciteta</a></th><td class="infobox-data">grafit: 8,517&#160;J/(mol·K)&#x20;<br />diamant: 6,155&#160;J/(mol·K)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">Lastnosti atoma</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oksidacijsko_stanje" title="Oksidacijsko stanje">Oksidacijska stanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="font-size:112%;"><b>−4</b></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethane&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethane (stran ne obstaja)"><span style="font-size:112%;"><b>−3</b></span></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Methanol&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Methanol (stran ne obstaja)"><span style="font-size:112%;"><b>−2</b></span></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbide&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbide (stran ne obstaja)"><span style="font-size:112%;"><b>−1</b></span></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Formaldehyde&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Formaldehyde (stran ne obstaja)"><span style="font-size:112%;"><b>0</b></span></a>, <span style="font-size:112%;"><b>+1</b></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <span style="font-size:112%;"><b>+2</b></span>, <span style="font-size:112%;"><b>+3</b></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <span style="font-size:112%;"><b>+4</b></span><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (rahlo <a href="/wiki/Kislina" title="Kislina">kisel</a> oksid)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost">Elektronegativnost</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Paulingova&#160;lestvica: 2,55&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ionizacijska_energija" title="Ionizacijska energija">Ionizacijske energije</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5911185"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1.:&#160;1086,5&#160;kJ/mol&#x20;</li><li>2.:&#160;2352,6&#160;kJ/mol&#x20;</li><li>3.:&#160;4620,5&#160;kJ/mol&#x20;</li><li>(<a href="/wiki/Ionizacijske_energije_elementov_(podatkovna_stran)#ogljik" title="Ionizacijske energije elementov (podatkovna stran)">več</a>)&#x20;</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kovalentni_polmer" title="Kovalentni polmer">Kovalentni polmer</a></th><td class="infobox-data">sp<sup>3</sup>: 77 pm<br />sp<sup>2</sup>: 73 pm<br />sp: 69&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waalsov_polmer" title="Van der Waalsov polmer">Van der Waalsov polmer</a></th><td class="infobox-data">170&#160;pm&#x20;</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Carbon_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Barvne črte v spektralnem obsegu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Carbon_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Carbon_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Carbon_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Carbon_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Carbon_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Carbon_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spektralna_%C4%8Drte&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Spektralna črte (stran ne obstaja)">Spektralne črte</a> ogljika</strong></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">Druge lastnosti</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pojavljanje v naravi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prvobitni_nuklid" title="Prvobitni nuklid">prvobitno</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura">Kristalna struktura</a></th><td class="infobox-data">grafit:&#x20;&#x200b;<a href="/wiki/Heksagonalna_kristalna_struktura" class="mw-redirect" title="Heksagonalna kristalna struktura">preprosta heksagonalna</a><div style="float:right;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Hexagonal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Simple hexagonal kristalna struktura za grafit: ogljik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/50px-Hexagonal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/75px-Hexagonal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/100px-Hexagonal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></div><br />(črna)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kristalna struktura</th><td class="infobox-data">diamant:&#x20;&#x200b;<a href="/wiki/Diamantna_kubi%C4%8Dna_struktura" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamantna kubična struktura">diamantna kubična</a><div style="float:right;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Diamond_cubic_crystal_structure.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Diamond cubic crystal structure for diamant: ogljik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Diamond_cubic_crystal_structure.svg/50px-Diamond_cubic_crystal_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Diamond_cubic_crystal_structure.svg/75px-Diamond_cubic_crystal_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Diamond_cubic_crystal_structure.svg/100px-Diamond_cubic_crystal_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="175" /></a></span></div><br />(brezbarvna)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hitrost_zvoka" title="Hitrost zvoka">Hitrost zvoka</a>&#x20; <span style="font-weight:normal;">tanka&#160;palica</span></th><td class="infobox-data">diamant:&#160;18,350&#160;m/s&#x20;(pri&#160;20&#160;°C)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Temperaturni_koeficient_dol%C5%BEinskega_raztezka" title="Temperaturni koeficient dolžinskega raztezka">Temperaturni raztezek</a></th><td class="infobox-data">diamant: 0,8&#160;µm/(m⋅K)&#x20;(pri&#160;25&#160;°C)<sup id="cite_ref-ioffe_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioffe-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Toplotna_prevodnost" title="Toplotna prevodnost">Toplotna prevodnost</a></th><td class="infobox-data">grafit: 119–165&#160;W/(m⋅K)&#x20;<br />diamant: 900–2300&#160;W/(m⋅K)&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_upornost" class="mw-redirect" title="Električna upornost">Električna upornost</a></th><td class="infobox-data">grafit: 7,837&#160;µΩ⋅m<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetizem" title="Magnetizem">Magnetna ureditev</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diamagnetizem" title="Diamagnetizem">diamagnetik</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetna_susceptibilnost&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetna susceptibilnost (stran ne obstaja)">Magnetna susceptibilnost</a></th><td class="infobox-data">&#8722;5,9·10<sup>−6</sup> (graf.)&#160;cm<sup>3</sup>/mol<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Youngov_modul" class="mw-redirect" title="Youngov modul">Youngov modul</a></th><td class="infobox-data">diamant: 1050&#160;GPa<sup id="cite_ref-ioffe_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioffe-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Stri%C5%BEni_modul" title="Strižni modul">Strižni modul</a></th><td class="infobox-data">diamant: 478&#160;GPa<sup id="cite_ref-ioffe_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioffe-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Stisljivostni_modul" title="Stisljivostni modul">Stisljivostni modul</a></th><td class="infobox-data">diamant: 442&#160;GPa<sup id="cite_ref-ioffe_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioffe-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Poissonovo_%C5%A1tevilo" title="Poissonovo število">Poissonovo razmerje</a></th><td class="infobox-data">diamant: 0,1<sup id="cite_ref-ioffe_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioffe-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohsova_trdotna_lestvica" title="Mohsova trdotna lestvica">Mohsova trdota</a></th><td class="infobox-data">grafit: 1&#8211;2&#x20;<br />diamant: 10&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tevilka_CAS" title="Številka CAS">Številka CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5911185"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>grafit: 7782-42-5</li><li>diamant: 7782-40-3</li></ul></div>&#x20;</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">Zgodovina</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Casovnica_odkritij_kemijskih_elementov" class="mw-redirect" title="Časovnica odkritij kemijskih elementov">Odkritje</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stari_Egipt" title="Stari Egipt">Egipčani</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sumerija" title="Sumerija">Sumerci</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><span class="nowrap">&#x20;(3750 pr. n. št.)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kot element prepoznal</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (1789)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#fdff8c">Najpomembnejši <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izotopi_ogljika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Izotopi ogljika (stran ne obstaja)">izotopi ogljika</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">Izo&#173;top</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pogostost_izotopa" title="Pogostost izotopa">Pogos&#173;tost</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Razpolovni_%C4%8Das" title="Razpolovni čas">Razpolovni čas</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>)</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Razpadni_na%C4%8Din" class="mw-redirect" title="Razpadni način">Razpadni način</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Razpadni_produkt" class="mw-redirect" title="Razpadni produkt">Pro&#173;dukt</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik-11&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogljik-11 (stran ne obstaja)"><sup>11</sup>C</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinteti%C4%8Den_radioizotop&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintetičen radioizotop (stran ne obstaja)">sint.</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20&#160;min </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Razpad_beta" title="Razpad beta">β<sup>+</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bor-11&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bor-11 (stran ne obstaja)"><sup>11</sup>B</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik-12&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogljik-12 (stran ne obstaja)"><sup>12</sup>C</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right">98,9% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabilen_izotop&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabilen izotop (stran ne obstaja)">stabilen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik-13&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogljik-13 (stran ne obstaja)"><sup>13</sup>C</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right">1,1% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabilen </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Ogljik-14" title="Ogljik-14"><sup>14</sup>C</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioizotopi_v_sledovih&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Radioizotopi v sledovih (stran ne obstaja)">sled</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5730&#160;let </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Razpad_beta" title="Razpad beta">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Du%C5%A1ik-14&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dušik-14 (stran ne obstaja)"><sup>14</sup>N</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="background:#fdff8c"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategorija"><img alt="Kategorija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Ogljik" title="Kategorija:Ogljik">Kategorija: Ogljik</a><br /><span class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:-.12em;"><a href="/wiki/Predloga:Infopolje_ogljik" title="Predloga:Infopolje ogljik"><span style="" title="Prikaži predlogo">prikaži</span></a><span style="">&#32;<b>&#183;</b>&#32;</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogovor_o_predlogi:Infopolje_ogljik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pogovor o predlogi:Infopolje ogljik (stran ne obstaja)"><span style="" title="Pogovor o predlogi"><span style="color:#0645ad;">pogovor</span></span></a><span style="">&#32;<b>&#183;</b>&#32;</span><a class="external text" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predloga:Infopolje_ogljik&amp;action=edit"><span style="" title="Uredite to predlogo"><span style="color:#0645ad;">uredi</span></span></a></span><span style="">&#32;<b>&#183;</b>&#32;</span><a class="external text" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predloga:Infopolje_ogljik&amp;action=history"><span style="" title="Zgodovina strani"><span style="color:#0645ad;">zgodovina</span></span></a></span>&#x20;|&#x20;<a href="/wiki/Seznam_referen%C4%8Dnih_podatkov_za_kemijske_elemente" title="Seznam referenčnih podatkov za kemijske elemente">reference</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ogljík</b> (izpeljano iz <a href="/wiki/Oglje" title="Oglje"><i>oglje</i></a>) je <a href="/wiki/Kemi%C4%8Dni_element" title="Kemični element">kemični element</a> s <a href="/wiki/Kemijski_simbol" title="Kemijski simbol">simbolom</a> <b>C</b> in <a href="/wiki/Vrstno_%C5%A1tevilo" title="Vrstno število">atomskim številom</a> 6. Element je <a href="/wiki/Nekovina" title="Nekovina">nekovina</a> in <a href="/wiki/Valenca" title="Valenca">tetravalenten</a> – štirje prosti <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektroni</a> <a href="/wiki/Kovalentna_vez" title="Kovalentna vez">kovalentne</a> <a href="/wiki/Kemi%C4%8Dna_vez" title="Kemična vez">kemične vezi</a>. Spada v 14. skupino periodnega sistema.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ogljik predstavlja le približno 0,025 odstotka zemeljske skorje.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Trije <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotopi</a> so prisotni v naravi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik-12&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogljik-12 (stran ne obstaja)"><sup>12</sup>C</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik-13&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogljik-13 (stran ne obstaja)"><sup>13</sup>C</a> sta stabilna, medtem ko je <a href="/wiki/Ogljik-14" title="Ogljik-14"><sup>14</sup>C</a> <a href="/wiki/Radioaktivni_izotop" title="Radioaktivni izotop">radionuklid</a>, ki razpada z <a href="/wiki/Razpolovni_%C4%8Das" title="Razpolovni čas">razpolovno dobo</a> približno 5.730&#160;let.<sup id="cite_ref-isotopes2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isotopes2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ogljik je eden <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Casovnica_odkritij_kemijskih_elementov" class="mw-redirect" title="Časovnica odkritij kemijskih elementov">redkih elementov, ki so jih poznali že v antiki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-D22_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D22-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-isotopes_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isotopes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-D2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ogljik je 15. <a href="/wiki/Pogostost_elementov_v_zemeljski_skorji" title="Pogostost elementov v zemeljski skorji">najbolj razširjeni element v zemeljski skorji</a> in četrti najbolj razširjeni element v vesolju po masi za <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodikom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij">helijem</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisikom</a>. Pogostnost ogljika, edinstvena raznolikost njegovih <a href="/wiki/Organska_spojina" title="Organska spojina">organskih spojin</a> in nenavadna sposobnost tvoriti <a href="/wiki/Polimer" title="Polimer">polimere</a> pri temperaturah, ki jih pogosto najdemo na <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlji,</a> omogočajo temu elementu, da je osnova vsega znanega življenja. Po kisiku je drugi <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Clove%C5%A1ko_telo" title="Človeško telo">masni element v človeškem telesu</a> (približno 18,5&#160;%).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Atomi ogljika se lahko med seboj vežejo na različne načine, kar ima za posledico različne alotrope ogljika. Najbolj znani alotropi so <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grafen" title="Grafen">grafen</a> in buckminsterfullereni.<sup id="cite_ref-therm_prop_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-therm_prop-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Fizične lastnosti ogljika se zelo razlikujejo glede na alotropno obliko. Grafit je na primer neprozoren in črn, diamant pa bister in visoko <a href="/wiki/Prozornost" title="Prozornost">prozoren</a>. Grafit je po eni strani dovolj mehak, da na papirju zapusti sled (od tod tudi njegovo ime iz <a href="/wiki/Grki" title="Grki">grškega</a> glagola "γράφειν", kar pomeni »pisati«), diamant po drugi strani pa je <a href="/wiki/Trdota" title="Trdota">najtrši</a> naravni material, ki ga poznamo. Grafit je dober <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_prevodnik" title="Električni prevodnik">električni vodnik,</a> medtem ko ima diamant nizko <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_prevodnost" title="Električna prevodnost">električno prevodnost</a>. V normalnih pogojih imajo diamant, <a href="/wiki/Nanocevka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanocevka">ogljikove nanocevke</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grafen" title="Grafen">grafen</a> najvišjo <a href="/wiki/Toplotna_prevodnost" title="Toplotna prevodnost">toplotno prevodnost</a> od vseh znanih materialov. Vsi ogljikovi alotropi so v normalnih pogojih trdne snovi, pri tem je grafit najbolj <a href="/wiki/Ravnovesno_stanje_(fizika)" title="Ravnovesno stanje (fizika)">termodinamično stabilna</a> oblika pri standardni temperaturi in tlaku. So kemično odporni in za reakcijo s kisikom zahtevajo visoko temperaturo. </p><p>Najpogostejše <a href="/wiki/Oksidacijsko_stanje" title="Oksidacijsko stanje">oksidacijsko stanje</a> ogljika v <a href="/wiki/Anorganska_spojina" title="Anorganska spojina">anorganskih spojinah</a> je +4, medtem ko +2 najdemo v <a href="/wiki/Ogljikov_monoksid" title="Ogljikov monoksid">ogljikovem monoksidu</a> in karbonilnih kompleksih <a href="/wiki/Prehodni_element" title="Prehodni element">prehodnih kovin.</a> Največji viri anorganskega ogljika so <a href="/wiki/Apnenec" title="Apnenec">apnenci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolomit" title="Dolomit">dolomiti</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ogljikov_dioksid" title="Ogljikov dioksid">ogljikov dioksid</a>, vendar je velike količine najti v organskih nahajališčih <a href="/wiki/Premog" title="Premog">premoga</a>, šote, <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">nafte</a> in metanskih klatratov. Ogljik tvori veliko število <a href="/wiki/Spojina" title="Spojina">spojin</a>, več kot kateri koli drug element – opisanih je skoraj deset milijonov ogljikovih spojin,<sup id="cite_ref-lanl_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lanl-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> kar pa je le majhen del teoretično možnih spojin v standardnih pogojih. Zaradi tega so ogljik pogosto imenovali »kralj elementov«.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Značilnosti"><span id="Zna.C4.8Dilnosti"></span>Značilnosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi razdelek: Značilnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Značilnosti"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Carbon-phase-diagramp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Carbon-phase-diagramp.svg/220px-Carbon-phase-diagramp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Carbon-phase-diagramp.svg/330px-Carbon-phase-diagramp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Carbon-phase-diagramp.svg/440px-Carbon-phase-diagramp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption> Teoretično predvideni fazni diagram ogljika</figcaption></figure> <p>Med alotrope ogljika spadata <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>, ena najmehkejših znanih snovi, in <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>, najtrša snov v naravi. Z <a href="/wiki/Kemi%C4%8Dna_vez" title="Kemična vez">lahkoto se veže</a> z drugimi majhnimi <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomi</a>, vključno z drugimi atomi ogljika, in lahko tvori več stabilnih <a href="/wiki/Kovalentna_vez" title="Kovalentna vez">kovalentnih</a> vezi z ustreznimi večvalentnimi atomi. Znano je, da ogljik tvori skoraj deset milijonov spojin, kar je velika večina vseh <a href="/wiki/Spojina" title="Spojina">kemičnih spojin</a>, kar jih poznamo.<sup id="cite_ref-lanl_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lanl-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ogljik ima tudi najvišjo <a href="/wiki/Sublimacija" title="Sublimacija">sublimacijsko</a> točko med vsemi elementi. Pri <a href="/wiki/Zra%C4%8Dni_tlak" title="Zračni tlak">atmosferskem tlaku</a> nima tališča, saj je njegova <a href="/wiki/Trojna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Trojna točka">trojna točka</a> 108&#160;±&#160;02&#160;MPa (1.066&#160;±&#160;20&#160;atm; 15.660&#160;±&#160;290&#160;psi) in 4.600&#160;±&#160;300&#160;K (4.330&#160;±&#160;300&#160;°C; 7.820&#160;±&#160;540&#160;°F), tako da sublimira pri približno 3.900&#160;K (3.630&#160;°C; 6.560&#160;°F).<sup id="cite_ref-triple_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-triple-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Grafit je v običajnih pogojih veliko bolj reaktiven kot diamant, čeprav je bolj termodinamično stabilen, saj je njegov delokalizirani <a href="/wiki/Vez_%CF%80" title="Vez π">sistem pi</a> veliko bolj občutljiv na napade. Grafit lahko na primer v vroči koncentrirani <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ikova_kislina" title="Dušikova kislina">dušikovi kislini</a> v standardnih pogojih oksidira v melitinsko kislino, C<sub>6</sub>(CO<sub>2</sub>H)<sub>6</sub>, ki ohranja šesterokotne enote grafita, hkrati pa razbije večjo strukturo.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood289_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood289-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ogljik sublimira v ogljikovem loku, ki ima temperaturo približno 5800 K (5.530&#160;°C ali 9.980&#160;°F). Tako ostaja ogljik ne glede na svojo alotropno obliko trden pri višjih temperaturah kot kovine z najvišjimi tališči, kot sta <a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram">volfram</a> ali <a href="/wiki/Renij" title="Renij">renij</a>. Čeprav je termodinamično nagnjen k <a href="/wiki/Redoks_reakcija" title="Redoks reakcija">oksidaciji</a>, se ogljik učinkoviteje upira oksidaciji kot na primer <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezo" title="Železo">železo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baker" title="Baker">baker</a>, ki sta pri sobni temperaturi šibka reducenta. </p><p>Ogljik je šesti element, v osnovnem stanju ima elektronsko konfiguracijo 1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>2</sup>, štirje zunanji elektroni so pri tem valenčni elektroni. Prve štiri ionizacijske energije, 1086,5, 2352,6, 4620,5 in 6222,7&#160;kJ / mol, so veliko višje kot pri težjih elementih skupine 14. Elektronegativnost ogljika je 2,5, bistveno višja od težjih elementov skupine 14 (1,8–1,9), vendar blizu večini bližnjih nekovin, pa tudi nekaterih <a href="/wiki/Prehodni_element" title="Prehodni element">prehodnih kovin</a> druge in tretje vrste. Za <a href="/wiki/Kovalentni_polmer" title="Kovalentni polmer">kovalentne polmere</a> ogljika se običajno navaja 77,2&#160;pm (C-C), 66,7&#160;pm (C = C) in 60,3&#160;pm (C≡C), čeprav se lahko razlikujejo glede na koordinacijsko število in na kaj je ogljik vezan. Na splošno se kovalentni radij zmanjšuje z nižjim koordinacijskim številom in višjim redom vezi.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood276_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood276-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ogljikove spojine so osnova vsega znanega življenja na <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlji</a> in ogljikov in dušikov krogotok zagotavljata del energije, ki jo dajejo <a href="/wiki/Sonce" title="Sonce">Sonce</a> in druge <a href="/wiki/Zvezda" title="Zvezda">zvezde</a>. Čeprav tvori izjemno raznolikost spojin, je večina oblik ogljika v običajnih pogojih razmeroma nereaktivna. Pri standardni temperaturi in tlaku se upira vsem, razen najmočnejšim oksidantom. Ne reagira ne z <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDveplova_kislina" title="Žveplova kislina">žveplovo kislino</a>, ne s <a href="/wiki/Klorovodikova_kislina" title="Klorovodikova kislina">klorovodikovo kislino</a>, tudi ne s <a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">klorom</a> in nobeno <a href="/wiki/Alkalijska_kovina" title="Alkalijska kovina">alkalijo</a>. Pri povišanih temperaturah ogljik reagira s <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisikom</a> in tvori ogljikove okside, pri tem ropa kisik iz kovinskih oksidov, da pride do nastanka elementarne kovine. Ta <a href="/wiki/Eksotermna_reakcija" title="Eksotermna reakcija">eksotermna reakcija</a> se uporablja v železarski in jeklarski industriji za taljenje železa in za nadzor vsebnosti ogljika v <a href="/wiki/Jeklo" title="Jeklo">jeklu</a>&#160;: </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf nowrap">Fe<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span>O<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span> + 4 C<sub>(s)</sub> → 3 Fe<sub>(s)</sub> + 4 CO<sub>(g)</sub></dd></dl> <p>Ogljikov monoksid se lahko reciklira in uporabi za dodatnop taljenje železa: </p> <dl><dd><span class="chemf nowrap">Fe<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span>O<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span> + 4 CO<sub>(g)</sub> → 3 Fe<sub>(s)</sub> + 4 <span class="chemf nowrap">CO<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span><sub>(g)</sub></dd></dl> <p>z <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDveplo" title="Žveplo">žveplom,</a> da nastane <a href="/wiki/Ogljikov_disulfid" title="Ogljikov disulfid">ogljikov disulfid</a> in pa s paro v reakciji premog-plin: </p> <dl><dd>C <sub>(s)</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(g)</sub> → CO <sub>(g)</sub> + H <sub>2(g)</sub></dd></dl> <p>Ogljik se z nekaterimi kovinami pri visokih temperaturah tvori kovinske karbide, kot je železov karbid z imenom <a href="/wiki/Cementit" title="Cementit">cementit</a> v jeklu in volframov karbid, ki se pogosto uporablja kot abraziv in za izdelavo trdih konic za rezalno orodje. </p><p>Sistem ogljikovih alotropov ima skrajnostni razponi: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Grafit je eden najmehkejših znanih materialov. </td> <td style="width: 50%;">Sintetični nanokristalni diamant je najtrši material. <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grafit je zelo dobro mazivo, ki kaže supermazljivost. <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Diamant je vrhunski abraziv. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grafit je <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_prevodnik" title="Električni prevodnik">prevodnik</a> električne energije. <sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Diamant je odličen električni <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_izolator" title="Električni izolator">izolator</a> <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in ima med vsemi poznanimi materiali največje prebojno električno polje </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nekatere oblike grafita se uporabljajo za toplotno izolacijo (npr. za protipožarno zaščito in toplotne ščite), nekatere druge oblike pa so dobri toplotni vodniki. </td> <td>Diamant je najbolj znan naravni prevodnik toplote </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grafit je neprozoren. </td> <td>Diamant je visoko prozoren. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grafit kristalizira v <a href="/wiki/Heksagonalni_kristalni_sistem" title="Heksagonalni kristalni sistem">heksagonalnem sistemu</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Diamant kristalizira v <a href="/wiki/Kubi%C4%8Dni_kristalni_sistem" title="Kubični kristalni sistem">kubičnem sistemu</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Amorfni ogljik je popolnoma <a href="/wiki/Izotropija" title="Izotropija">izotropen</a>. </td> <td>Ogljikove nanocevke so med najbolj <a href="/wiki/Anizotropija" title="Anizotropija">anizotropnimi</a> materiali, kar jih poznamo. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alotropi">Alotropi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi razdelek: Alotropi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Alotropi"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atomski ogljik je zelo kratkotrajna vrsta, tako da se ogljik stabilizira v različnih <a href="/wiki/Alotropija" title="Alotropija">alotropih</a>, to je večatomskih strukturah z različnimi molekularnimi konfiguracijami. Trije razmeroma dobro znani alotropi ogljika so amorfni ogljik, <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>. Nekoč veljajo za eksotične, fulereni se danes pogosto sintetizirajo in uporabljajo v raziskavah; vključujejo buckyballs, <sup id="cite_ref-buckyballs_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buckyballs-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-nanotubes_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nanotubes-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nanocevka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanocevka">ogljikove nanocevke</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nanotubes2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nanotubes2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ogljikove nanobrstiče<sup id="cite_ref-nanobuds_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nanobuds-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in nanovlakna.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Odkritih je bilo tudi več drugih eksotičnih alotrop, kot so lonsdaleit,<sup id="cite_ref-lonsdaletite_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lonsdaletite-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> stekleni ogljik,<sup id="cite_ref-glassy_carbon_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glassy_carbon-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ogljikova nano-pena<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in linearni acetilenski ogljik (karbin).<sup id="cite_ref-LAC_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAC-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Grafen" title="Grafen">Grafen</a> je dvodimenzionalna folija ogljika z atomi, razporejenimi v šesterokotno mrežo. Grafen zglčeda spada med najmočnejše med doslej preizkušenimi materiali.<sup id="cite_ref-lee_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lee-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> To mu daje veliko uporabno vrednost v <a href="/wiki/Elektronski_element" title="Elektronski element">elektronski</a> industriji, kot sestavni del elektronskih komponent, pri razvoju nosilnih elementov za organske prikazovalnike ter pri razvoju gibkih <a href="/wiki/Mobilni_telefon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobilni telefon">mobilnih telefonov</a>, kakor tudi pri razvoju modernih letal. Lahko se uporablja tudi za varno shranjevanje vodika za uporabo v vodikovem motorju v avtomobilih.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg/220px-Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg/330px-Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg/440px-Glassy_carbon_and_a_1cm3_graphite_cube_HP68-79.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4432" data-file-height="3674" /></a><figcaption> Velik vzorec steklastega ogljika</figcaption></figure> <p>Amorfna oblika je nabor ogljikovih atomov v nekristaliziranem, nepravilnem, steklastem stanju, brez kristalne makrostrukture. Kot prah je glavna sestavina snovi, kot so <a href="/wiki/Oglje" title="Oglje">oglje</a>, svetilke in <a href="/wiki/Saje" title="Saje">saje</a> ter <a href="/wiki/Aktivno_oglje" title="Aktivno oglje">aktivno oglje</a>. Pri normalnih tlakih ima ogljik obliko grafita, pri katerem je vsak atom trigonalno vezan na tri druge v ravnini, sestavljeni iz spojenih <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0estkotnik" title="Šestkotnik">šesterokotnih</a> obročev, podobno kot pri aromatskih ogljikovodikih. <sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nastalo omrežje je dvodimenzionalno in nastali ravni listi so zloženi in ohlapno povezani s šibkimi <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waalsova_sila" title="Van der Waalsova sila">van der Waalsovimi silami</a>. To daje grafitu mehkobo in <a href="/wiki/Razkolnost" title="Razkolnost">lastnosti cepljenja</a> (listi enostavno zdrsnejo drug mimo drugega). Zaradi delokalizacije enega od zunanjih elektronov vsakega atoma, da tvori π-oblak, grafit prevaja <a href="/wiki/Elektrika" title="Elektrika">elektriko</a>, vendar le v ravnini vsake <a href="/wiki/Kovalentna_vez" title="Kovalentna vez">kovalentno vezane</a> pločevine. Posledica tega je <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_prevodnost" title="Električna prevodnost">električna prevodnost</a> pod večino <a href="/wiki/Kovina" title="Kovina">kovin</a>. Delokalizacija je tudi vzrok za energijsko stabilnost grafita v primerjavi z diamantom pri sobni temperaturi. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg/220px-Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg/330px-Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg/440px-Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption> Nekateri alotropi ogljika: a) <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>&#160;; b) <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>&#160;; c) lonsdaleit&#160;; d – f) fulereni (C <sub>60</sub>, C <sub>540</sub>, C <sub>70</sub> ); g) amorfni ogljik&#160;; h) <a href="/wiki/Nanocevka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanocevka">ogljikova nanocevka</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pri zelo visokih tlakih ogljik tvori bolj kompakten alotrop, <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>, ki ima skoraj dvakrat večjo gostoto kot grafit. Tu je vsak atom <a href="/wiki/Tetraeder" title="Tetraeder">tetraedrsko</a> povezan s štirimi drugimi in tvori tridimenzionalno mrežo nagubanih šesterokotnih atomskih obročev. Diamant ima enako <a href="/wiki/Kubi%C4%8Dni_kristalni_sistem" title="Kubični kristalni sistem">kubično strukturo</a> kot <a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">silicij</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij">germanij</a>, zaradi trdnosti <a href="/wiki/Kemi%C4%8Dna_vez" title="Kemična vez">vezi</a> ogljik-ogljik pa je najtrša snov v naravi, merjena z <a href="/wiki/Mohsova_trdotna_lestvica" title="Mohsova trdotna lestvica">odpornostjo na praske</a>. V nasprotju s splošnim prepričanjem, da so diamanti »večni«, so termodinamično nestabilni (Δ <sub>f</sub><i>G</i>° (diamant, 298&#160;K) = 2,9&#160;kJ / mol<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ) v normalnih pogojih (298&#160;K, 10 <sup>5</sup>&#160;Pa) in se pretvarjajo v <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-therm_prop_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-therm_prop-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Zaradi visoke aktivacijske energijske pregrade je prehod v grafit pri običajni temperaturi tako počasen, da ga ni mogoče opaziti. Spodnji levi kot faznega diagrama za ogljik ni bil eksperimentalno pregledan. Čeprav je računska študija z uporabo metod teoretične funkcionalne gostote prišla do zaključka, da s <span class="nowrap"><i>T</i> → 0 K</span> in <span class="nowrap"><i>p</i> → 0 Pa</span> diamant postane stabilnejši od grafita za približno 1,1&#160;kJ / mol,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> novejše in dokončne eksperimentalne in računske študije kažejo, da je grafit stabilnejši od diamanta za <span class="nowrap"><i>T</i> &lt; 400 K</span>, brez uporabljenega tlaka, za 2,7&#160;kJ / mol pri <i>T</i>&#160;=&#160;0&#160;K in 3.2&#160;kJ / mol pri <i>T</i>&#160;=&#160;298.15&#160;K.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> V nekaterih pogojih ogljik kristalizira kot lonsdaleit, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0estkotnik" title="Šestkotnik">heksagonalna</a> <a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristalna</a> mreža z vsemi atomi vezanimi kovalentno in z lastnostmi, ki so podobne lastnostim diamanta.<sup id="cite_ref-lonsdaletite_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lonsdaletite-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fulereni so sintetična kristalna tvorba z grafitom podobno strukturo, toda namesto ploskih <a href="/wiki/Heksagonalni_kristalni_sistem" title="Heksagonalni kristalni sistem">šesterokotnih celic</a> so nekatere celice, iz katerih nastajajo fulereni, lahko peterokotniki, neravninski šesterokotniki ali celo sedmerokotniki ogljikovih atomov. Listi se tako zvijejo v krogle, elipse ali valje. Lastnosti fulerenov (razdeljene na skupine buckyballs, bucky cevke in nano brstiče) še niso v celoti analizirane in predstavljajo intenzivno področje raziskav nanomaterialov. Za imena kot sta <i>fuleren</i> in <i>buckyball</i> je bil boter Richard Buckminster Fuller, popularizator geodetskih kupol, ki spominjajo na strukturo fulerenov. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:C2014_Q2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/C2014_Q2.jpg/220px-C2014_Q2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/C2014_Q2.jpg/330px-C2014_Q2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/C2014_Q2.jpg/440px-C2014_Q2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3978" data-file-height="2614" /></a><figcaption> Komet C / 2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) obdan z žarečimi ogljikovimi hlapi</figcaption></figure> <p>Ogljikova nano-pena, odkrita 1997, je <a href="/wiki/Feromagnetizem" title="Feromagnetizem">feromagneten</a> alotrop, odkrit leta 1997. Sestavljajo jo skupine ogljikovih atomov nizke gostote, povezane v ohlapno tridimenzionalno mrežo, v kateri so atomi trigonalno povezani v šest- in sedemčlenske obroče. Z gostoto približno 2&#160;kg/m<sup>3</sup> spada med najlažje trdnine.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Podobno vsebuje tudi steklen ogljik velik delež zaprte poroznosti <sup id="cite_ref-glassy_carbon_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glassy_carbon-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> vendar v nasprotju z običajnim grafitom grafitne plasti niso zložene kot strani v knjigi, temveč imajo bolj naključno razporeditev. Linearni acetilenski ogljik <sup id="cite_ref-LAC_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAC-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ima kemično strukturo −(C:::C)<sub><i>n</i></sub>-. Ogljik je pri tej modifikaciji linearen s <i>sp</i> <a href="/wiki/Hibridizacija_orbital" title="Hibridizacija orbital">orbitalno hibridizacijo</a>, kot <a href="/wiki/Polimer" title="Polimer">polimer</a> z izmeničnimi enojnimi in trojnimi vezmi. Ta karbin je zelo zanimiv za <a href="/wiki/Nanotehnika" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanotehnika">nanotehnologijo,</a> saj je njegov Youngov modul 40-krat večji od najtršega znanega materiala – diamanta. <sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leta 2015 je ekipa z državne univerze v Severni Karolini napovedala razvoj še enega alotropa, ki so ga poimenovali Q-ogljik, ustvarjen s kratkotrajnim laserskim impulzom visoke energije na amorfnem ogljikovem prahu. Poročajo, da Q-ogljik kaže feromagnetizem, fluorescenco in trdoto, ki je boljša od diamanta.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>V parni fazi je nekaj ogljika prisotno v obliki dikarbona (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>). Ekscitiran plin zasveti zeleno. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pogostnost">Pogostnost</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi razdelek: Pogostnost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Pogostnost"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg/220px-GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg/330px-GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg/440px-GraphiteOreUSGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption> Grafitna ruda, za primerjavo kovanec za 1 cent</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Rough_diamond.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Rough_diamond.jpg/220px-Rough_diamond.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Rough_diamond.jpg/330px-Rough_diamond.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Rough_diamond.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="271" /></a><figcaption> Surovi diamantni kristal</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_(GLODAP).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_%28GLODAP%29.png/220px-Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_%28GLODAP%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_%28GLODAP%29.png/330px-Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_%28GLODAP%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_%28GLODAP%29.png/440px-Annual_mean_sea_surface_dissolved_inorganic_carbon_for_the_1990s_%28GLODAP%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1687" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption> "Današnja" (1990) koncentracija anorganskega ogljika, raztopljenega na morski površini (iz <a href="/wiki/Klimatologija" title="Klimatologija">klimatologije</a> GLODAP )</figcaption></figure> <p>Ogljik je četrti najpogostejši kemični element v opazovanem vesolju po masi za vodikom, helijem in kisikom. Julija 2020 so astronomi poročali o dokazih, da je ogljik tvorjen predvsem v <a href="/wiki/Bela_pritlikavka" title="Bela pritlikavka">belih pritlikavih zvezdah</a>, zlasti tistih, ki so večje od dveh sončnih mas. <sup id="cite_ref-INV-20200706_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INV-20200706-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-NA-20200706_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NA-20200706-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ogljika je veliko v <a href="/wiki/Sonce" title="Sonce">Soncu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zvezda" title="Zvezda">zvezdah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komet" title="Komet">kometih</a> in v <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_nebesnega_telesa" title="Atmosfera nebesnega telesa">ozračju</a> večine <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planetov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20140221_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20140221-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nekateri <a href="/wiki/Meteorit" title="Meteorit">meteoriti</a> vsebujejo mikroskopske diamante, ki so nastali, ko je bil <a href="/wiki/Oson%C4%8Dje" title="Osončje">sončni sistem</a> še protoplanetarni disk. <sup id="cite_ref-Lauretta_McSween_2006_p._199_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lauretta_McSween_2006_p._199-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mikroskopski diamanti lahko nastanejo tudi zaradi močnega pritiska in visoke temperature na mestih udarcev meteorita.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ocenjeno je bilo, da trdna zemlja kot celota vsebuje 730 dnm ogljika, z 2000 dnm v jedru in 120 dnm v kombiniranem plašču in skorji. <sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ker je masa zemlje <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003597200000000000♠"></span>5972</span>, bi to pomenilo 4360 milijonov <a href="/wiki/Tona" title="Tona">gigaton</a> ogljika. To je veliko več kot količina ogljika v oceanih ali ozračju (spodaj). </p><p>V kombinaciji s <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisikom</a> v <a href="/wiki/Ogljikov_dioksid" title="Ogljikov dioksid">ogljikovem dioksidu</a> najdemo ogljik v zemeljski atmosferi (približno 900 g&#160;gigaton ogljika - vsak dnm ustreza 2,13&#160;Gt) in raztopljen v vseh vodnih telesih (približno 36.000&#160;gigaton ogljika). Ogljik v <a href="/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera">biosferi</a> je ocenjen na 550&#160;gigaton, vendar z veliko negotovostjo, večinoma zaradi velike negotovosti glede količine podzemnih bakterij.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ogljikovodik" title="Ogljikovodik">Ogljikovodiki</a> (kot so <a href="/wiki/Premog" title="Premog">premog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">zemeljsko olje</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zemeljski_plin" title="Zemeljski plin">zemeljski plin</a> ) vsebujejo tudi ogljik. <a href="/wiki/Premog" title="Premog">"Rezerve" premoga</a> (ne "viri") znašajo približno 900&#160;gigaton z morda 18.000 Gt virov.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Naftne_rezerve" title="Naftne rezerve">Zaloge nafte</a> so okoli 150&#160;gigaton. Dokazani viri zemeljskega plina so približno <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002175000000000000♠"></span>175</span> x 10<sup>12</sup> kubičnih metrov ( približno 105 gigaton ogljika), vendar študije ocenjujejo še <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002900000000000000♠"></span>900</span> "nekonvencionalnih" nahajališč, kot je plin iz skrilavcev, ki predstavljajo približno 540 gigaton ogljika.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ogljik najdemo tudi v metan hidratih v polarnih regijah in pod morjem. Po različnih ocenah gre za količine ogljika med 500, 2500 <a href="/wiki/Tona" title="Tona">Gt</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ali 3000 Gt. </p><p>V preteklosti so bile količine ogljikovodikov večje. Po navedbah enega vira je bilo v obdobju od 1751 do 2008 približno 347 gigaton ogljika sproščeno kot ogljikov dioksid v ozračje zaradi izgorevanja fosilnih goriv. <sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Drugi vir dodaja, da je bila količina dodanega ozračja za obdobje od leta 1750 na 879 Gt, skupna količina v ozračje, morje in kopno (na primer nahajališča šote) pa skoraj 2000 Gt. <sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ogljik je sestavni del (približno 12 mas.&#160;%) zelo velikih mas <a href="/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat">karbonatnih</a> kamnin (<a href="/wiki/Apnenec" title="Apnenec">apnenec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolomit" title="Dolomit">dolomit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marmor" title="Marmor">marmor</a> itd.). <a href="/wiki/Premog" title="Premog">Premog</a> je zelo bogat z ogljikom (<a href="/wiki/Antracit" title="Antracit">antracit</a> ga vsebuje 92–98&#160;%) <sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in je največji komercialni vir mineralnega ogljika, saj predstavlja 4.000&#160;gigaton ali 80&#160;% <a href="/wiki/Fosilno_gorivo" title="Fosilno gorivo">fosilnega goriva</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kar zadeva posamezne ogljikove alotrope, je grafit najti v velikih količinah v <a href="/wiki/Zdru%C5%BEene_dr%C5%BEave_Amerike" title="Združene države Amerike">ZDA</a> (večinoma v <a href="/wiki/New_York_(zvezna_dr%C5%BEava)" title="New York (zvezna država)">New Yorku</a> in <a href="/wiki/Teksas" title="Teksas">Teksasu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mehika" title="Mehika">Mehiki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenlandija" title="Grenlandija">Grenlandiji</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indiji</a>. Naravni diamanti se pojavljajo v kamnitih <a href="/wiki/Kimberlit" title="Kimberlit">kimberlitih</a>, ki jih najdemo v starih <a href="/wiki/Ognjenik" title="Ognjenik">vulkanskih</a> "vratovih" ali "ceveh". Največ nahajališč diamantov je v <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afriki</a>, predvsem v <a href="/wiki/Republika_Ju%C5%BEna_Afrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika Južna Afrika">Južni Afriki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibija" title="Namibija">Namibiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bocvana" title="Bocvana">Bocvani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zahodni_Kongo" title="Zahodni Kongo">Republiki Kongo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a>. Nahajališča diamantov so tudi v <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansasu</a> v <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadi</a>, ruski <a href="/wiki/Arktika" title="Arktika">Arktiki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazilija" title="Brazilija">Braziliji</a> ter severni in zahodni <a href="/wiki/Avstralija" title="Avstralija">Avstraliji</a>. Diamante najdemo naravno, vendar je zdaj izdelanih približno 30% vseh industrijskih diamantov, ki se uporabljajo v ZDA. </p><p>Ogljik-14 se tvori v zgornjih plasteh troposfere in stratosfere na nadmorski višini 9–15&#160;km z reakcijo, ki jo pospešujejo <a href="/wiki/Kozmi%C4%8Dni_%C5%BEarki" title="Kozmični žarki">kozmični žarki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Proizvajajo se toplotni nevtroni, ki trčijo z jedri dušika-14 in pri tem tvorijo ogljik-14 in proton. Tako <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6988150000000000000♠"></span>1,5%<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−10</sup></span> atmosferskega ogljikovega dioksida vsebuje ogljik-14.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>znanimi kot heteroatomi. Pogostni heteroatomi v organskih spojinah, so kisik, dušik, žveplo, fosfor in neradioaktivni halogeni, pa tudi kovine, kot litij in magnezij. Organske spojine, ki vsebujejo vezi s kovino, so znane kot organometalne spojine. Nekatere skupine atomov, pogosto s heteroatomi, je najti v velikem številu organskih spojin. Te skupine atomov, znane kot <a href="/wiki/Funkcionalna_skupina" title="Funkcionalna skupina"><i>funkcionalne skupine</i></a>, dajejo spojini, v katero so vgrajene, tipične značilnosti glede reaktivnosti inh drugih lastnosti. Tako vplivajo na lastnosti organskih molekul, podobno kot dolžina verig. </p><p>V najbolj stabilnih spojinah ogljika (in skoraj vseh stabilnih <i>organskih</i> spojinah) ogljik spoštuje <a href="/wiki/Pravilo_okteta" title="Pravilo okteta">pravilo okteta</a> in je <i>štirivalenten</i>, kar pomeni, da atom ogljika tvori skupaj štiri kovalentne vezi (ki lahko vključujejo dvojne in trojne vezi). Izjeme so maloštevilni stabiliziranih <i>karbokationi</i> (tri vezi, pozitiven naboj), <i>radikali</i> (tri vezi, nevtralni), <i>karbanjoni</i> (tri vezi, negativni naboj) in <i>karbeni</i> (dve vezi, nevtralni), čeprav je verjetno, da bo snov te vrste nestabilen, reaktiven intermediat. </p><p>Ogljik se pojavlja v vseh znanih organskih življenjih in je osnova <a href="/wiki/Organska_kemija" title="Organska kemija">organske kemije</a>. Spojen z <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodikom</a> tvori različne ogljikovodike, ki so za industrijo pomembni kot hladilna sredstva, maziva, <a href="/wiki/Topilo" title="Topilo">topila</a>, kot kemična surovina za proizvodnjo <a href="/wiki/Plastika" title="Plastika">plastike</a> in petrokemikalij ter kot <a href="/wiki/Fosilno_gorivo" title="Fosilno gorivo">fosilna goriva</a>. </p><p>V kombinaciji s kisikom in vodikom lahko ogljik tvori številne skupine pomembnih bioloških spojin, vključno s <a href="/wiki/Sladkor" title="Sladkor">sladkorji</a>, lignani, <a href="/wiki/Hitin" title="Hitin">hitini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkoholi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%A1%C4%8Dobe" title="Maščobe">maščobami</a> in aromatičnimi <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">estri</a>, karotenoidi in <a href="/wiki/Terpen" title="Terpen">terpeni</a>. Z <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">dušikom</a> tvori <a href="/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid">alkaloide</a>, z dodatkom žvepla pa tudi <a href="/wiki/Antibiotik" title="Antibiotik">antibiotike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aminokislina" title="Aminokislina">aminokisline</a> in gumene izdelke. Z dodatkom fosforja tem drugim elementom tvori <a href="/wiki/Deoksiribonukleinska_kislina" title="Deoksiribonukleinska kislina">DNA</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ribonukleinska_kislina" title="Ribonukleinska kislina">RNA</a>, nosilca kemijske kode življenja, in <a href="/wiki/Adenozin_trifosfat" title="Adenozin trifosfat">adenozin trifosfat</a> (ATP), najpomembnejšo molekulo za prenos energije v vseh živih celicah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anorganske_spojine">Anorganske spojine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi razdelek: Anorganske spojine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Anorganske spojine"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Običajno spojine, ki vsebujejo ogljik in so povezane z minerali ali ne vsebujejo vezi z drugimi atomi ogljika, halogeni ali vodikom, se obravnavajo ločeno od klasičnih <a href="/wiki/Organska_spojina" title="Organska spojina">organskih spojin</a>&#160;; opredelitev ni toga in klasifikacija nekaterih spojin se lahko razlikuje od avtorja do avtorja (glej referenčne članke zgoraj). Med temi so preprosti ogljikovi oksidi. Najbolj očiten oksid je <a href="/wiki/Ogljikov_dioksid" title="Ogljikov dioksid">ogljikov dioksid</a> (CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub>), nekoč glavna sestavina paleoatmosfere, danes pa manjši sestavni del <a href="/wiki/Ozra%C4%8Dje" title="Ozračje">Zemljine atmosfere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Raztopljen v <a href="/wiki/Lastnosti_vode" title="Lastnosti vode">vodi</a>, tvori <a href="/wiki/Ogljikova_kislina" title="Ogljikova kislina">ogljikovo kislino</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">H<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span>CO<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span>), vendar je kot večina spojin z več na ogljik enojno vezanimi kisiki nestabilna. <sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Skozi ta vmesni produkt pa nastajajo <a href="/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat">resonančno stabilizirani karbonatni</a> <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ioni.</a> Nekateri od pomembnih kamenin so karbonati, v prvci vrsti <a href="/wiki/Kalcit" title="Kalcit">kalcit</a>.Podobno velja za <a href="/wiki/Ogljikov_disulfid" title="Ogljikov disulfid">ogljikov disulfid</a> (<span class="chemf nowrap">CS<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood289_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood289-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kljub temu ogljikov disulfid zaradi fizikalnih lastnosti in povezanosti z organsko sintezo včasih uvrščajo med <i>organska</i> topila. </p><p>Drugi pogosti oksid je <a href="/wiki/Ogljikov_monoksid" title="Ogljikov monoksid">ogljikov monoksid</a> (CO). Nastane z nepopolnim zgorevanjem in je brezbarven plin brez vonja. Vsaka molekula vsebuje trojno vez in je dokaj <a href="/wiki/Polarnost" title="Polarnost">polarna</a>, kar ima za posledico težnjo, da se trajno veže na molekule hemoglobina in izpodriva kisik, ki ima manjšo afiniteto do vezave. <sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cianid (CN<sup>−</sup>) ima podobno strukturo, vendar se obnaša podobno kot halogenidni ion ( psevdohalogen). Drugi redki oksidi so ogljikov suboksid (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span>O<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> nestabilni diogljkov monoksid (C<sub>2</sub>O),<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ogljikov trioksid (CO<sub>3</sub>)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ciklopentanpenton (C<sub>5</sub>O<sub>5</sub>),<sup id="cite_ref-fatiadi_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fatiadi-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> cikloheksanhekson (C<sub>6</sub>O<sub>6</sub> ) in melitni anhidrid (C<sub>12</sub>O<sub>9</sub>). Melitni anhidrid je trojni anhidrid acil melitinske kisline; poleg tega vsebuje benzenski obroč, tako da mnogi kemiki menijo, da gre za organsko snov. </p><p>Z reaktivnimi <a href="/wiki/Kovina" title="Kovina">kovinami</a>, kot je na primer <a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram">volfram</a>, ogljik tvori bodisi <a href="/wiki/Karbid" title="Karbid">karbide</a> (C <sup>4−</sup>) bodisi acetilide (<span class="chemf nowrap">C<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span> ), to je zlitine z visokimi tališči. Ti anioni so povezani tudi z <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metanom</a> in <a href="/wiki/Acetilen" title="Acetilen">acetilenom</a>, ki sta oba zelo šibki <a href="/wiki/Kislina" title="Kislina">kislini</a>. Z elektronegativnostjo 2,5 <sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ogljik raje tvori <a href="/wiki/Kovalentna_vez" title="Kovalentna vez">kovalentne vezi</a>. Nekaj karbidov imajo obliko kovalentnih mrež, tako karborund (SiC), kar spominja na <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a>. Kljub temu tudi najbolj polarni in solem podobni karbidi niso popolnoma ionske spojine.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood297_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood297-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organokovinske_spojine">Organokovinske spojine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi razdelek: Organokovinske spojine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Organokovinske spojine"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Organokovinske spojine po definiciji vsebujejo vsaj eno kovalentno vez ogljik-kovina. Obstaja širok nabor takih spojin; glavni razredi vključujejo enostavne alkil-kovinske spojine (na primer <a href="/wiki/Tetraetilsvinec" title="Tetraetilsvinec">tetraetil-</a> svinec), η<sup>2</sup> alkenske spojine (na primer Zeisejeva sol ) in η<sup>3</sup> alilne spojine (na primer dimer alilpaladijev klorid ); metalocene, ki vsebujejo ciklopentadienil ligande (na primer <a href="/wiki/Ferocen" title="Ferocen">ferocen</a> ); in kompleksi karbenov iz prehodnih kovin. Obstaja veliko kovinskih karbonilov in kovinskih cianidov (na primer tetrakarbonilnikel in kalijev fericijanid). </p><p>Čeprav naj bi, ogljik močno dajal prednost tvorbi štirih kovalentnih vezi, so znane tudi druge eksotične sheme vezi. Karborani so zelo stabilni dodekaedrski derivati z enoto [B<sub>12</sub> H<sub>12</sub>] <sup>2-</sup>, pri čemer je ena BH nadomeščena s CH <sup>+</sup>. Tako je ogljik vezan na pet atomov bora in en atom vodika. Kation [(Ph<sub>3</sub> PAu)<sub>6</sub>C] <sup>2+</sup> vsebuje oktaedrski ogljik, vezan na šest fragmentov fosfin-zlato.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> V naravi ima železo-molibdenov kofaktor ( FeMoco ), odgovoren za fiksiranje dušika v mikrobih, tudi oktaedrično ogljikovo sredico (formalno karbid, C (-IV)), vezano na šest atomov železa. Leta 2016 je bilo potrjeno, da v skladu s prejšnjimi teoretičnimi napovedmi dikacija heksametilbenzena vsebuje atom ogljika s šestimi vezmi. Natančneje, dikacijo bi lahko strukturno opisali s formulacijo [MeC(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>)] <sup>2+</sup>, tako da struktura postane "organski metalocen ", v katerem je fragment MeC <sup>3+</sup> vezan na η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub><sup>-</sup> fragment s pomočjo vseh pet ogljikovih atomov v obroču.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Akiba%27s_%22hypervalent_carbon%22_compound.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Akiba%27s_%22hypervalent_carbon%22_compound.png/220px-Akiba%27s_%22hypervalent_carbon%22_compound.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Akiba%27s_%22hypervalent_carbon%22_compound.png/330px-Akiba%27s_%22hypervalent_carbon%22_compound.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Akiba%27s_%22hypervalent_carbon%22_compound.png/440px-Akiba%27s_%22hypervalent_carbon%22_compound.png 2x" data-file-width="5799" data-file-height="2814" /></a><figcaption> Ta derivat antracena vsebuje atom ogljika, obdanega s petimi formalnimi elektronskimi pari.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pomembno je omeniti, da v zgornjih primerih vsaka vez na ogljik vsebuje manj kot dva formalna elektronska para. Tako formalno število elektronov teh vrst ne presega okteta. Zaradi tega so hiperkoordinatni, vendar ne hipervalentni. Tudi v primerih domnevnih vrst 10-C-5 (to je ogljik s petimi ligandi in formalnim številom elektronov deset), kot poročajo Akiba in sodelavci,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> elektronski izračuni strukture ugotavljajo, da je populacija elektronov okoli ogljika je še vedno manj kot osem, kar velja za druge spojine s štirimi elektronskimi trosmernimi vezmi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zgodovina_in_etimologija">Zgodovina in etimologija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Uredi razdelek: Zgodovina in etimologija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Zgodovina in etimologija"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Antoine_lavoisier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Antoine_lavoisier.jpg/220px-Antoine_lavoisier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Antoine_lavoisier.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> v mladih letih</figcaption></figure> <p>Ogljik je bil znan že v prazgodovini in je bil v obliki <a href="/wiki/Saje" title="Saje">saj</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oglje" title="Oglje">oglja</a> znan že v najzgodnejših <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Clovek" title="Človek">človeških</a> <a href="/wiki/Civilizacija" title="Civilizacija">civilizacijah</a>. Diamanti so bili znani verjetno že leta 2500 p.n.št. na Kitajskem, medtem ko je ogljik v obliki <a href="/wiki/Oglje" title="Oglje">oglja</a> okoli rimskih časov izdelovali po istem postopku kot danes, <span class="chemf nowrap">CS<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span>)s segrevanjem lesa v <a href="/wiki/Piramida" title="Piramida">piramidi,</a> prekriti z <a href="/wiki/Glina" title="Glina">glino,</a> da se izključi zrak.<sup id="cite_ref-ancient_China_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ancient_China-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png/220px-Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png/330px-Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png/440px-Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="692" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Leta 1722 je René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur dokazal, da se železo pretvori v jeklo, če adsorbira neko snov, ki je zdaj znana kot ogljik.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Leta 1772 je <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> pokazal, da so diamanti oblika ogljika; ko je zažgal vzorce oglja in diamantov in ugotovil, da noben od njiju ne proizvaja vode in da oba sproščata enako količino <a href="/wiki/Ogljikov_dioksid" title="Ogljikov dioksid">ogljikovega dioksida</a> na <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">gram</a>. Leta 1779 je<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</a> pokazal, da grafit ni neka oblika <a href="/wiki/Svinec" title="Svinec">svinca</a>, kot se je mislilo, temveč namesto tega identičen oglju, vendar z majhno primesjo železa, in da med oksidajo z dušikovo kislino oddaja »zračno kislino«&#160;(njegovo ime za ogljikov dioksid).<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Leta 1786 so francoski znanstveniki <a href="/wiki/Claude_Louis_Berthollet" title="Claude Louis Berthollet">Claude Louis Berthollet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaspard_Monge" title="Gaspard Monge">Gaspard Monge</a> in CA Vandermonde potrdili, da je grafit večinoma ogljik, tako da ga lahko oksidirajo v kisiku, podobno kot je to storil Lavoisier z diamantom.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ponovno je ostalo nekaj železa, za kar so francoski znanstveniki menili, da je potrebno za grafitno strukturo. V objavi so predlagali ime <i>Carbone</i> (latinsko <i>carbonum)</i> za element v grafitu, ki je kot plin izhajal iz grafita med izgorevanjem. Antoine Lavoisier je nato v svojem učbeniku iz leta 1789 <a href="/wiki/Kemi%C4%8Dni_element" title="Kemični element">ogljik navedel kot element.</a><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nov <a href="/wiki/Alotropija" title="Alotropija">alotrop</a> ogljika, fuleren, odkrit leta 1985,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> vključuje <a href="/wiki/Nanostruktura" title="Nanostruktura">nanostrukturirane</a> oblike, kot so kroglice in <a href="/wiki/Nanocevka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanocevka">nanocevke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-buckyballs_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buckyballs-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Njegovi odkritelji Robert Curl, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Walter_Kroto" title="Harold Walter Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> in Richard Smalley&#160;so <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada" title="Nobelova nagrada">leta 1996 prejeli Nobelovo nagrado</a> za kemijo.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ponovno zanimanje za nove oblike je pripeljalo do odkritja nadaljnjih eksotičnih alotropov, kot je stekleni ogljik, in spoznanja, da "amorfni ogljik" ni popolnoma amorfen.<sup id="cite_ref-glassy_carbon_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glassy_carbon-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proizvodnja">Proizvodnja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Uredi razdelek: Proizvodnja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Proizvodnja"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grafit">Grafit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Uredi razdelek: Grafit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Grafit"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naravna nahajališča grafita, katerih izkoriščanje se splača, se pojavljajo v mnogih delih sveta, vendar so ekonomsko najpomembnejši viri na <a href="/wiki/Ljudska_republika_Kitajska" title="Ljudska republika Kitajska">Kitajskem</a>, v <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazilija" title="Brazilija">Braziliji</a> in <a href="/wiki/Severna_Koreja" title="Severna Koreja">Severni Koreji</a>. Zaloge grafita so <a href="/wiki/Metamorfne_kamnine" title="Metamorfne kamnine">metamorfnega</a> izvora, najdemo jih v povezavi s <a href="/wiki/Kamena_strela" title="Kamena strela">kremenom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sljuda" title="Sljuda">sljudo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glinenec" title="Glinenec">glinenci</a> v škrilavcih, <a href="/wiki/Gnajs" title="Gnajs">gnajsih</a> in preobraženih <a href="/wiki/Pe%C5%A1%C4%8Denjak" title="Peščenjak">peščenjakih</a> in <a href="/wiki/Apnenec" title="Apnenec">apnencih</a> kot leče ali žile, včasih debeline enega metra ali več. Zaloge grafita v Borrowdaleu v Cumberlandu v <a href="/wiki/Anglija" title="Anglija">Angliji</a> so bile sprva dovolj velike in čiste, da so do 19. stoletja <a href="/wiki/Svin%C4%8Dnik" title="Svinčnik">svinčnike</a> izdelovali preprosto z žaganjem blokov naravnega grafita na trakove, ki so jih vdelali v les. Danes dobimo manjša nahajališča grafita z drobljenjem matične kamnine in flotacijo lažjega grafita na vodi.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Obstajajo tri vrste naravnega grafita – amorfni, luskasti ter v žilah ali grudast. Amorfni grafit je najkakovostnejši in najbolj razširjen. V nasprotju z znanostjo se v industriji izraz »amorfen«&#160;nanaša na zelo majhno velikost kristalov in ne na popolno pomanjkanje kristalne strukture. Amorfni grafit se uporablja za grafitne izdelke nižje vrednosti in je najcenejši med grafiti. Velika nahajališča amorfnega grafita najdemo na Kitajskem, v Evropi, Mehiki in ZDA. luskasti grafit je manj pogost in kakovostnejši od amorfnega; pojavlja se v plasteh, ki so kristalizirale v metamorfni kamnini. Kosmičasti grafit je lahko štirikrat višji od cene amorfnega. Kakovostne kosmiče lahko predelamo v grafit, ki ga je mogoče razširiti za številne namene, kot so zaviralci gorenja. Najpomembnejše nahajališča najdemo v Avstriji, Braziliji, Kanadi, na Kitajskem, v Nemčiji in na Madagaskarju. Žilni ali grudasti grafit je najredkejša, najbolj dragocena in najkakovostnejša vrsta naravnega grafita. Pojavi se v žilah vzdolž intruzij v trdnih grudicah, komercialno se pridobiva edinole na Šrilanki.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Po podatkih USGS je bila svetovna proizvodnja naravnega grafita 1,1&#160;milijonov ton v letu 2010, od tega je Kitajska prispevala 800.000&#160;t, Indija 130.000 t, Brazilija 76.000&#160;t, Severna Koreja 30.000&#160;t in Kanada 25.000 t. V ZDA niso poročali, da bi kopali naravni grafit, ampak 118.000 t sintetičnega grafita z ocenjeno vrednostjo 998&#160;milijonov USD leta 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_91-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diamant">Diamant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Uredi razdelek: Diamant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Diamant"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Global_Diamond_Output_in_2005.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Global_Diamond_Output_in_2005.png/220px-Global_Diamond_Output_in_2005.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Global_Diamond_Output_in_2005.png/330px-Global_Diamond_Output_in_2005.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Global_Diamond_Output_in_2005.png/440px-Global_Diamond_Output_in_2005.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption> Proizvodnja diamantov v letu 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>Diamantno dobavno verigo nadzoruje omejeno število močnih podjetij, poleg tega je močno koncentrirana na majhno število lokacij po vsem svetu (glej sliko).Le zelo majhen delež diamantne rude je sestavljen iz dejanskih diamantov. Ruda se zdrobi, pri čemer je treba paziti, da se v tem postopku ne uničijo večji diamanti, nato pa se delci razvrstijo po gostoti. Danes se diamanti v diamantno bogati frakciji iščejo s pomočjo rentgenske fluorescence, po kateri se končni koraki sortiranja opravijo ročno. Preden se je uporaba <a href="/wiki/Rentgenski_%C5%BEarki" title="Rentgenski žarki">rentgenskih žarkov</a> uveljavila, so diamante izločevali z namaščenimi trakovi, ker se diamanti se močneje primejo maščobe kot drugi minerali v rudi.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>V preteklosti se je vedelo, da je diamante najti le v naplavinah v južni Indiji.<sup id="cite_ref-Catelle1_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catelle1-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Indija je vodila svet v proizvodnji diamantov od njihovega odkritja približno v 9. stoletju pred našim štetjem<sup id="cite_ref-Ball_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ball-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> do sredine 18. stoletja našega štetja, vendar je bil komercialni potencial teh virov konec 18. stoletja izčrpan. Indijo je tedaj zasenčila Brazilija, kjer so prve diamante izven Indije našli leta 1725. <sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diamantna proizvodnja primarnih nahajališč (kimberliti in lamproiti) se je začela šele po sedemdesetih letih 19. stoletja po odkritju diamantnih polj v Južni Afriki. Proizvodnja se je sčasoma povečala in odtlej so izkopali 4,5 milijarde karatov.<sup id="cite_ref-giasummer2007_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-giasummer2007-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Približno 20&#160;% te količine odpade na zadnjih 5 let in v zadnjih desetih letih so odprli 9 novih rudnikov, medtem ko še 4 čakajo na začetek proizvodnje. Večina teh rudnikov je v Kanadi, Zimbabveju, Angoli, eden pa je v Rusiji. </p><p>Danes je največ komercialno donosnih nahajališč diamantov v <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bocvana" title="Bocvana">Bocvani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avstralija" title="Avstralija">Avstraliji</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vzhodni_Kongo" title="Vzhodni Kongo">Demokratični republiki Kongo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Leta 2005 je Rusija proizvedla skoraj petino svetovne proizvodnje diamantov, poroča Britanski geološki zavod. Avstralija ima najbogatejšo cev, katere proizvodnja je v devetdesetih letih znašala 42 ton.<sup id="cite_ref-DGemGLorenz_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGemGLorenz-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Komercialna nahajališča so tudi na <a href="/wiki/Severozahodni_teritoriji" class="mw-redirect" title="Severozahodni teritoriji">severozahodnih ozemljih</a> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sibirija" title="Sibirija">Sibirije</a> (večinoma na <a href="/wiki/Jakutija" title="Jakutija">ozemlju</a> Jakutije&#160;; na primer Mir in Udačnaja), Brazilije ter severne in zahodne <a href="/wiki/Avstralija" title="Avstralija">Avstralije</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uporaba">Uporaba</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Uredi razdelek: Uporaba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Uporaba"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:SiC_p1390066.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SiC_p1390066.jpg/220px-SiC_p1390066.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SiC_p1390066.jpg/330px-SiC_p1390066.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SiC_p1390066.jpg/440px-SiC_p1390066.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="1206" /></a><figcaption> Monokristal silicijevega karbida</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Tungsten_carbide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tungsten_carbide.jpg/220px-Tungsten_carbide.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tungsten_carbide.jpg/330px-Tungsten_carbide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tungsten_carbide.jpg/440px-Tungsten_carbide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption> Rezkala iz volframovega karbida</figcaption></figure> <p>Ogljik je bistvenega pomena za vse znane žive sisteme in brez njega življenje, kakršno poznamo, ne bi moglo obstajati (glej alternativno biokemijo). Največja gospodarska raba ogljika, razen hrane in lesa, je v obliki ogljikovodikov, predvsem plina <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metana</a> <a href="/wiki/Fosilno_gorivo" title="Fosilno gorivo">iz fosilnih goriv</a> <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">in surove nafte</a> (nafte). <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">Surova nafta</a> se v rafinerijah <a href="/wiki/Destilacija" title="Destilacija">destilira</a> za proizvodnjo <a href="/wiki/Bencin" title="Bencin">bencina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrolej" title="Petrolej">kerozina</a> in drugih izdelkov. <a href="/wiki/Celuloza" title="Celuloza">Celuloza</a> je naravni polimer na osnovi ogljika, ki ga rastline proizvajajo v obliki <a href="/wiki/Les" title="Les">lesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bomba%C5%BE" title="Bombaž">bombaža</a>, lana in konoplje. <a href="/wiki/Celuloza" title="Celuloza">Celuloza</a> se uporablja predvsem za vzdrževanje strukture v rastlinah. Med komercialno dragocene ogljikove polimere živalskega izvora spadajo <a href="/wiki/Volna" title="Volna">volna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%A1mir_(tkanina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kašmir (tkanina)">kašmir</a> in <a href="/wiki/Svila" title="Svila">svila</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plastika" title="Plastika">Umetne mase</a> so narejene iz sintetičnih ogljikovih polimerov, pogosto z atomi kisika in dušika, ki so redno vključeni v glavno polimerno verigo. Surovine za mnoge od teh sintetičnih snovi izvirajo iz surove nafte. </p><p>Uporaba ogljika in njegovih spojin je zelo raznolika. <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezo" title="Železo">Z železom</a> lahko tvori <a href="/wiki/Zlitina" title="Zlitina">zlitine</a>, med katerimi je najpogostejše <a href="/wiki/Ogljikovo_jeklo" title="Ogljikovo jeklo">ogljikovo jeklo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">Grafit</a> se kombinira z <a href="/wiki/Glina" title="Glina">glinami</a> se uporablja v <a href="/wiki/Svin%C4%8Dnik" title="Svinčnik">svinčnikih</a> za <a href="/wiki/Pisanje" title="Pisanje">pisanje</a> in <a href="/wiki/Risba" title="Risba">risanje</a>. Uporablja se tudi kot mazivo in <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a>, kot oblikovalni material v <a href="/wiki/Steklo" title="Steklo">proizvodnji stekla</a>, v <a href="/wiki/Elektroda" title="Elektroda">elektrodah</a> za suhe <a href="/wiki/Baterija_(elektrika)" title="Baterija (elektrika)">baterije</a> in v galvanizaciji in elektrooblikovanju, v ščetkah za <a href="/wiki/Elektromotor" title="Elektromotor">elektromotorje</a> in kot <a href="/wiki/Moderator_(reaktor)" title="Moderator (reaktor)">nevtronski moderator</a> v <a href="/wiki/Jedrski_reaktor" title="Jedrski reaktor">jedrskih reaktorjih</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Oglje" title="Oglje">Oglje</a> se uporablja kot risalni material pri <a href="/wiki/Umetnost" title="Umetnost">umetniških delih</a>, za taljenje železa in v mnogih drugih aplikacijah. Les, premog in olje se uporabljajo kot <a href="/wiki/Gorivo" title="Gorivo">gorivo</a> za proizvodnjo energije in ogrevanje. <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Kakovostni diamanti</a> se uporablja v nakitu, <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">industrijski diamanti</a> pa pri vrtanju, rezanju in poliranju orodij za obdelavo kovin in kamna. Umetne mase so narejene iz fosilnih ogljikovodikov, ogljikova vlakna, izdelana s pirolizo sintetičnih poliestrskih vlaken, pa se uporabljajo za ojačenja plastike in tvorijo napredne, lahke <a href="/wiki/Kompozit" title="Kompozit">kompozitne materiale</a>. </p><p>Ogljikova vlakna nastanejo s pirolizo ekstrudiranih in raztegnjenih filamentov poliakrilonitrila (PAN) in drugih organskih snovi. Kristalografska struktura in mehanske lastnosti vlaken so odvisne od vrste vhodne snovi in nadaljnje obdelave. Ogljikova vlakna iz PAN imajo strukturo, ki spominja na ozke filamente grafita, vendar lahko termična obdelava strukturo preuredi v neprekinjeno valjan produkt. Rezultat so vlakna sspecifično natezno trdnostjo, boljšo od jekla. <sup id="cite_ref-cantwell_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cantwell-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saje se uporabljajo kot črni <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a> v <a href="/wiki/Tisk" title="Tisk">tiskarskem</a> črnilu, umetnikovi oljni barvi in vodnih barvah, karbonskem papirju, avtomobilskih oblogah, indijskem črnilu in tonerju za laserski tiskalnik. Saje se uporabljajo tudi kot polnilo v gumijastih izdelkih, kot so pnevmatike in v <a href="/wiki/Plastika" title="Plastika">plastičnih</a> zmesi. <a href="/wiki/Aktivno_oglje" title="Aktivno oglje">Aktivno oglje</a> se uporablja kot <a href="/wiki/Absorpcija" title="Absorpcija">absorbent</a> in adsorbent v <a href="/wiki/Filtracija" title="Filtracija">filtrih</a> v tako raznolikih aplikacijah, kot so <a href="/wiki/Plinska_maska" title="Plinska maska">plinske maske</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pre%C4%8Di%C5%A1%C4%8Devanje_vode" title="Prečiščevanje vode">prečiščevanje vode</a> in kuhinjske nape, ter v medicini za <a href="/wiki/Absorpcija" title="Absorpcija">absorpcijo</a> toksinov, strupov ali plinov iz <a href="/wiki/Prebavna_cev" title="Prebavna cev">prebavil</a>. Ogljik se uporablja za <a href="/wiki/Redoks_reakcija" title="Redoks reakcija">redukcijo</a> pri visokih temperaturah. <a href="/wiki/Koks" title="Koks">Koks</a> se uporablja za zmanjšanje železove rude v železo (taljenje). Kaljenje jekla se doseže s segrevanjem končnih jeklenih komponent v ogljikovem prahu. Silicijevi <a href="/wiki/Karbid" title="Karbid">karbidi</a>, volfram, bor in titan spadajo med najtrše znane materiale in se uporabljajo kot abrazivna sredstva pri rezalnih in brusilnih orodjih. Ogljikove spojine tvorijo večino materialov, ki se uporabljajo v oblačilih, kot so naravni in sintetični tekstil in <a href="/wiki/Usnje" title="Usnje">usnje</a>, ter skoraj vse notranje površine v grajenem okolju, razen stekla, kamna in kovine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diamanti">Diamanti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Uredi razdelek: Diamanti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Diamanti"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamantna</a> industrija pozna dve kategoriji: ena se ukvarja z diamanti za nakit, druga pa z diamanti potrebe industrije. Čeprav gre pri obeh vrstah za podobno velike posle, oba trga zelo različno delujeta.Za razliko od plemenitih kovin, kot sta <a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">zlato</a> ali <a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">platina</a>, diamanti za nakit ne trgujejo kot blago&#160;: prodaja diamantov pozna precejšen pribitek in kaj posebno aktivnega trga za nadaljnjo prodajo diamantov ni. </p><p>Industrijski diamanti so cenjeni predvsem zaradi trdote in toplotne prevodnosti, za dragocene kamne pomembne lastnosti, kot sta jasnost in barva, večinoma niso nepomembne. Približno 80&#160;% pridobljenih diamantov (okoli 100 milijonov karatov oziroma 20 ton letno) ni primernih za uporabo kot nakit, temveč za industrijske namene.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sintetični diamanti, izumljeni v petdesetih letih dvajsetega stoletja, so našli skoraj takoj pot v industrijo; letno se proizvede 3.&#160;milijarde karatov (600&#160;<a href="/wiki/Tona" title="Tona">ton</a> ) sintetičnih diamantov<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prevladujoča industrijska uporaba diamantov je za rezanje, vrtanje, brušenje in poliranje. Za večino teh aplikacij niso potrebni veliki diamanti; diamante, ki so premajhni za namene nakita, se brez problema lahko uporablja industrijsko. Vdelujejo se v konice svedrov ali žagine liste ali zmeljejo v prah za uporabo pri brušenju in poliranju.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Specializirane uporabe so med drugim kot nakovala v laboratorijih za eksperimente pod visokim pritiskom (glej diamantno nakovalno celico ), visoko zmogljivi <a href="/wiki/Le%C5%BEaj" title="Ležaj">ležaji</a> in specialna <a href="/wiki/Okno" title="Okno">okna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Z nenehnim napredkom v proizvodnji sintetičnih diamantov se odpirajo možnosti za nove aplikacije. Veliko navdušenja prinaša možna uporaba diamanta kot <a href="/wiki/Polprevodnik" title="Polprevodnik">polprevodnika</a> v <a href="/wiki/Integrirano_vezje" title="Integrirano vezje">mikročipih</a>, zaradi izjemne lastnosti prevodnosti pa tudi za hladilna telesa v <a href="/wiki/Elektronika" title="Elektronika">elektroniki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varnostni_vidiki">Varnostni vidiki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Uredi razdelek: Varnostni vidiki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Varnostni vidiki"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Worker_at_carbon_black_plant2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Worker_at_carbon_black_plant2.jpg/220px-Worker_at_carbon_black_plant2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Worker_at_carbon_black_plant2.jpg/330px-Worker_at_carbon_black_plant2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Worker_at_carbon_black_plant2.jpg/440px-Worker_at_carbon_black_plant2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4544" data-file-height="6043" /></a><figcaption>Delavec v tovarni oglenih saj Sunray, Teksas (foto John Vachon, 1942)</figcaption></figure> <p>Čisti ogljik ima izjemno nizko <a href="/wiki/Strupenost" title="Strupenost">toksičnost</a> za ljudi in z njim lahko varno ravnamo v obliki grafita ali oglja. Odporen je na raztapljanje ali kemični napad, tudi v kisli vsebini prebavnega trakta. Ko bo enkrat vstopil v telesna tkiva, bo verjetno ostal tam za nedoločen čas. Saje so bile verjetno eden prvih pigmentov, ki so ga uporabili za <a href="/wiki/Tetoviranje" title="Tetoviranje">tetoviranje</a>, in <a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi" title="Ötzi">Ötzi</a> je imel ogljikova tetoviranja, ki so preživela njegovo življenje in poleg tega še 5200&#160;let po njegovi smrti. <sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Vdihavanje premogovega prahu ali saj (saj) v velikih količinah je lahko nevarno, draži pljučna tkiva in povzroča kongestivno <a href="/wiki/Plju%C4%8Da" title="Pljuča">pljučno</a> bolezen, t.i. rudarsko pnevmokoniozo. Diamantni prah, ki se uporablja kot sredstvo za brušenje, je lahko škodljiv, če ga zaužijemo ali vdihnemo. Mikro delci ogljika nastajajo v izpušnih plinih dizelskega motorja in se lahko kopičijo v pljučih. <sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> V teh primerih lso lahko da škodljive nečistoče (npr. organske kemikalije, težke kovine) in ne ogljik sam. Za rakotvornost saj pri ljudeh ni nedvoumnih dokazov. Snov (in njeni izvlečki) je dokazano rakotvorna za preizkusne živali.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mednarodna_agencija_za_raziskave_raka" title="Mednarodna agencija za raziskave raka">IARC</a> zato oglene saje (Carbon black) uvršča v skupino 2B - to je med za ljudi potencialno rakotvorne snovi. </p><p>Ogljik ima na splošno nizko strupenost za <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivljenje" title="Življenje">življenje na Zemlji</a>; ogljikovi nanodelci pa so za <i>Drozophilo</i> smrtonosni.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ogljik lahko močno in močno gori v prisotnosti zraka pri visokih temperaturah. Velike akumulacije premoga, ki so stotine milijonov let ostale inertne v odsotnosti kisika, se lahko spontano vžgejo, če so izpostavljene zraku v koncih odpadkov iz premogovnikov, ladijskih tovornih skladiščih in bunkerjih za premog<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in odlagališčih. </p><p>V <a href="/wiki/Jedrski_reaktor" title="Jedrski reaktor">jedrskih reaktorjih,</a> kjer se grafit uporablja kot <a href="/wiki/Moderator_(reaktor)" title="Moderator (reaktor)">nevtronski moderator</a>, lahko pride do kopičenja Wignerjeve energije, čemur sledi nenaden, spontani izpust. <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDarjenje" title="Žarjenje">Žarjenje</a> na najmanj 250&#160;° C lahko varno sprosti energijo, čeprav je v požaru Windscale postopek šel narobe, zaradi česar so zagoreli drugi reaktorski materiali. </p><p>Velika raznolikost ogljikovih spojin vključuje po eni strani smrtonosne strupe, kot so <a href="/wiki/Tetrodotoksin" title="Tetrodotoksin">tetrodotoksin</a>, lektin ricin iz semen rastline <i>Ricinus communis</i>, cianid (CN<sup>−</sup> ) in ogljikov monoksid; po drugi strani snovi, ki so bistvenega pomena za življenje, tako <a href="/wiki/Glukoza" title="Glukoza">glukozo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beljakovina" title="Beljakovina">beljakovine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sklici">Sklici</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Uredi razdelek: Sklici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Sklici"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CRC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5980307">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«""›""‹"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFLide,_D._R.2005" class="citation book cs1">Lide, D. 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Pridobljeno 6. decembra 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Fourier+Transform+Spectroscopy+of+the+Electronic+Transition+of+the+Jet-Cooled+CCI+Free+Radical&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbernath.uwaterloo.ca%2Fmedia%2F42.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/36.pdf">»Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP«</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 6. decembra 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Fourier+Transform+Spectroscopy+of+the+System+of+CP&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbernath.uwaterloo.ca%2Fmedia%2F36.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/carbon/compounds.html">»Carbon: Binary compounds«</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 6. decembra 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Carbon%3A+Binary+compounds&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Fcarbon%2Fcompounds.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ioffe-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ioffe_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ioffe_7-1">7,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ioffe_7-2">7,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ioffe_7-3">7,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ioffe_7-4">7,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/Diamond">Properties of diamond</a>, Ioffe Institute Database</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nde-ed.org/GeneralResources/MaterialProperties/ET/ET_matlprop_Misc_Matls.htm">»Material Properties- Misc Materials«</a>. <i>www.nde-ed.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 12. novembra 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.jtitle=www.nde-ed.org&amp;rft.atitle=Material+Properties-+Misc+Materials&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nde-ed.org%2FGeneralResources%2FMaterialProperties%2FET%2FET_matlprop_Misc_Matls.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds</a>, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFWeast1984" class="citation book cs1">Weast, Robert (1984). <i>CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>. 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Caer.uky.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 12. septembra 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+Carbon+and+Carbon+Materials+-+Center+for+Applied+Energy+Research+-+University+of+Kentucky&amp;rft.pub=Caer.uky.edu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caer.uky.edu%2Fcarbon%2Fhistory%2Fcarbonhistory.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFSenese,_Fred2000" class="citation web cs1">Senese, Fred (9. september 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/inorganic/faq/discovery-of-carbon.shtml">»Who discovered carbon?«</a>. Frostburg State University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 24. novembra 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Who+discovered+carbon%3F&amp;rft.pub=Frostburg+State+University&amp;rft.date=2000-09-09&amp;rft.au=Senese%2C+Fred&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantoine.frostburg.edu%2Fchem%2Fsenese%2F101%2Finorganic%2Ffaq%2Fdiscovery-of-carbon.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024183827/https://www.britannica.com/science/carbon-chemical-element">»carbon | Facts, Uses, &amp; Properties«</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i> (v angleščini). Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/carbon-chemical-element">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 24. oktobra 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&amp;rft.atitle=carbon+%7C+Facts%2C+Uses%2C+%26+Properties&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fcarbon-chemical-element&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/carbon-chemical-element">»carbon«</a>. <i>Britannica encyclopedia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.jtitle=Britannica+encyclopedia&amp;rft.atitle=carbon&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fcarbon-chemical-element&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isotopes2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-isotopes2_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080908030327/http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/C/isot.html">»Carbon&#160;– Naturally occurring isotopes«</a>. WebElements Periodic Table. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/C/isot.html">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 8. septembra 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 9. oktobra 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Carbon+%E2%80%93+Naturally+occurring+isotopes&amp;rft.pub=WebElements+Periodic+Table&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Fwebelements%2Felements%2Ftext%2FC%2Fisot.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-D22-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-D22_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121101085829/http://www.caer.uky.edu/carbon/history/carbonhistory.shtml#">»History of Carbon«</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caer.uky.edu/carbon/history/carbonhistory.shtml">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 1. novembra 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 10. januarja 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+Carbon&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caer.uky.edu%2Fcarbon%2Fhistory%2Fcarbonhistory.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Predloga:Navedi_splet" title="Predloga:Navedi splet">navedi splet</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;datum-arhiva=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url-arhiva=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isotopes-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-isotopes_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080908030327/http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/C/isot.html">»Carbon&#160;– Naturally occurring isotopes«</a>. WebElements Periodic Table. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/C/isot.html">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 8. septembra 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 9. oktobra 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Carbon+%E2%80%93+Naturally+occurring+isotopes&amp;rft.pub=WebElements+Periodic+Table&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Fwebelements%2Felements%2Ftext%2FC%2Fisot.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-D2-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-D2_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121101085829/http://www.caer.uky.edu/carbon/history/carbonhistory.shtml#">»History of Carbon«</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caer.uky.edu/carbon/history/carbonhistory.shtml">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 1. novembra 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 10. januarja 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+Carbon&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caer.uky.edu%2Fcarbon%2Fhistory%2Fcarbonhistory.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Predloga:Navedi_splet" title="Predloga:Navedi splet">navedi splet</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;datum-arhiva=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url-arhiva=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFReece2013" class="citation book cs1">Reece, Jane B. (31. oktober 2013). <i>Campbell Biology</i> (10&#160;izd.). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearson_Education&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pearson Education (stran ne obstaja)">Pearson</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/9780321775658" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/9780321775658"><bdi>9780321775658</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=Campbell+Biology&amp;rft.edition=10&amp;rft.pub=Pearson&amp;rft.date=2013-10-31&amp;rft.isbn=9780321775658&amp;rft.aulast=Reece&amp;rft.aufirst=Jane+B.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-therm_prop-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-therm_prop_20-0">20,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-therm_prop_20-1">20,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010531203728/http://invsee.asu.edu/nmodules/Carbonmod/point.html">»World of Carbon&#160;– Interactive Nano-visulisation in Science &amp; Engineering Education (IN-VSEE)«</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://invsee.asu.edu/nmodules/Carbonmod/point.html">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 31. maja 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 9. oktobra 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=World+of+Carbon+%E2%80%93+Interactive+Nano-visulisation+in+Science+%26+Engineering+Education+%28IN-VSEE%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvsee.asu.edu%2Fnmodules%2FCarbonmod%2Fpoint.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lanl-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lanl_21-0">21,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lanl_21-1">21,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFChemistry_Operations2003" class="citation web cs1">Chemistry Operations (15. december 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080913063402/http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/6.html">»Carbon«</a>. Los Alamos National Laboratory. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/6.html">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 13. septembra 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 9. oktobra 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Carbon&amp;rft.pub=Los+Alamos+National+Laboratory&amp;rft.date=2003-12-15&amp;rft.au=Chemistry+Operations&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperiodic.lanl.gov%2Felements%2F6.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFDeming2010" class="citation journal cs1">Deming, Anna (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0957-4484%2F21%2F30%2F300201">»King of the elements?«</a>. <i>Nanotechnology</i>. <b>21</b> (30): 300201. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Nanot..21D0201D">2010Nanot..21D0201D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Prosto dostopno"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0957-4484%2F21%2F30%2F300201">10.1088/0957-4484/21/30/300201</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20664156">20664156</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Nanotechnology&amp;rft.atitle=King+of+the+elements%3F&amp;rft.volume=21&amp;rft.issue=30&amp;rft.pages=300201&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20664156&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0957-4484%2F21%2F30%2F300201&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010Nanot..21D0201D&amp;rft.aulast=Deming&amp;rft.aufirst=Anna&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1088%252F0957-4484%252F21%252F30%252F300201&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-triple-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-triple_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFGreenville_Whittaker1978" class="citation journal cs1">Greenville Whittaker, A. (1978). »The controversial carbon solid−liquid−vapour triple point«. <i>Nature</i>. <b>276</b> (5689): 695–696. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978Natur.276..695W">1978Natur.276..695W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F276695a0">10.1038/276695a0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=The+controversial+carbon+solid%E2%88%92liquid%E2%88%92vapour+triple+point&amp;rft.volume=276&amp;rft.issue=5689&amp;rft.pages=695-696&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F276695a0&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1978Natur.276..695W&amp;rft.aulast=Greenville+Whittaker&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFZazula1997" class="citation news cs1">Zazula, J. M. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325230751/http://lbruno.home.cern.ch/lbruno/documents/Bibliography/LHC_Note_78.pdf">»On Graphite Transformations at High Temperature and Pressure Induced by Absorption of the LHC Beam«</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. CERN. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lbruno.home.cern.ch/lbruno/documents/Bibliography/LHC_Note_78.pdf">prvotnega spletišča</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> dne 25. marca 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 6. junija 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.atitle=On+Graphite+Transformations+at+High+Temperature+and+Pressure+Induced+by+Absorption+of+the+LHC+Beam&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.aulast=Zazula&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+M.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flbruno.home.cern.ch%2Flbruno%2Fdocuments%2FBibliography%2FLHC_Note_78.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood289-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood289_25-0">25,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood289_25-1">25,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenwood and Earnshaw, pp. 289–292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood276-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood276_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenwood and Earnshaw, pp. 276–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFIrifuneKurioSakamotoInoue2003" class="citation journal cs1">Irifune, Tetsuo; Kurio, Ayako; Sakamoto, Shizue; Inoue, Toru; Sumiya, Hitoshi (2003). »Materials: Ultrahard polycrystalline diamond from graphite«. <i>Nature</i>. <b>421</b> (6923): 599–600. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Natur.421..599I">2003Natur.421..599I</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F421599b">10.1038/421599b</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12571587">12571587</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=Materials%3A+Ultrahard+polycrystalline+diamond+from+graphite&amp;rft.volume=421&amp;rft.issue=6923&amp;rft.pages=599-600&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12571587&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F421599b&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003Natur.421..599I&amp;rft.aulast=Irifune&amp;rft.aufirst=Tetsuo&amp;rft.au=Kurio%2C+Ayako&amp;rft.au=Sakamoto%2C+Shizue&amp;rft.au=Inoue%2C+Toru&amp;rft.au=Sumiya%2C+Hitoshi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFDienwiebelVerhoevenPradeepFrenken2004" class="citation journal cs1">Dienwiebel, Martin; Verhoeven, Gertjan; Pradeep, Namboodiri; Frenken, Joost; Heimberg, Jennifer; Zandbergen, Henny (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physics.leidenuniv.nl/sections/cm/ip/group/PDF/Phys.rev.lett/2004/92(2004)12601.pdf">»Superlubricity of Graphite«</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>92</b> (12): 126101. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PhRvL..92l6101D">2004PhRvL..92l6101D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.92.126101">10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.126101</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15089689">15089689</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110917120623/http://www.physics.leidenuniv.nl/sections/cm/ip/group/PDF/Phys.rev.lett/2004/92(2004)12601.pdf">Arhivirano</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> iz spletišča dne 17. septembra 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&amp;rft.atitle=Superlubricity+of+Graphite&amp;rft.volume=92&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.pages=126101&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15089689&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.92.126101&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004PhRvL..92l6101D&amp;rft.aulast=Dienwiebel&amp;rft.aufirst=Martin&amp;rft.au=Verhoeven%2C+Gertjan&amp;rft.au=Pradeep%2C+Namboodiri&amp;rft.au=Frenken%2C+Joost&amp;rft.au=Heimberg%2C+Jennifer&amp;rft.au=Zandbergen%2C+Henny&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physics.leidenuniv.nl%2Fsections%2Fcm%2Fip%2Fgroup%2FPDF%2FPhys.rev.lett%2F2004%2F92%282004%2912601.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFDeprezMcLachan1988" class="citation journal cs1">Deprez, N.; McLachan, D. S. (1988). »The analysis of the electrical conductivity of graphite conductivity of graphite powders during compaction«. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Physics_D:_Applied_Physics&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics (stran ne obstaja)">Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics</a></i>. <b>21</b> (1): 101–107. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988JPhD...21..101D">1988JPhD...21..101D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0022-3727%2F21%2F1%2F015">10.1088/0022-3727/21/1/015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physics+D%3A+Applied+Physics&amp;rft.atitle=The+analysis+of+the+electrical+conductivity+of+graphite+conductivity+of+graphite+powders+during+compaction&amp;rft.volume=21&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=101-107&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0022-3727%2F21%2F1%2F015&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988JPhD...21..101D&amp;rft.aulast=Deprez&amp;rft.aufirst=N.&amp;rft.au=McLachan%2C+D.+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1993" class="citation journal cs1">Collins, A. T. (1993). »The Optical and Electronic Properties of Semiconducting Diamond«. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophical_Transactions_of_the_Royal_Society_A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A (stran ne obstaja)">Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A</a></i>. <b>342</b> (1664): 233–244. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993RSPTA.342..233C">1993RSPTA.342..233C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsta.1993.0017">10.1098/rsta.1993.0017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+A&amp;rft.atitle=The+Optical+and+Electronic+Properties+of+Semiconducting+Diamond&amp;rft.volume=342&amp;rft.issue=1664&amp;rft.pages=233-244&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsta.1993.0017&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1993RSPTA.342..233C&amp;rft.aulast=Collins&amp;rft.aufirst=A.+T.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFDelhaes,_P.2001" class="citation book cs1">Delhaes, P. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7p2pgNOWPbEC&amp;pg=PA146"><i>Graphite and Precursors</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-90-5699-228-6" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-90-5699-228-6"><bdi>978-90-5699-228-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=Graphite+and+Precursors&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-5699-228-6&amp;rft.au=Delhaes%2C+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7p2pgNOWPbEC%26pg%3DPA146&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-buckyballs-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-buckyballs_32-0">32,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-buckyballs_32-1">32,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFUnwin,_Peter" class="citation web cs1">Unwin, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071201165240/http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/projects/unwin/Fullerenes.html">»Fullerenes(An Overview)«</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/projects/unwin/Fullerenes.html">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 1. decembra 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 8. decembra 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Fullerenes%28An+Overview%29&amp;rft.au=Unwin%2C+Peter&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ch.ic.ac.uk%2Flocal%2Fprojects%2Funwin%2FFullerenes.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nanotubes-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nanotubes_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFEbbesen,_T._W.1997" class="citation book cs1">Ebbesen, T. W., ur. (1997). <i>Carbon nanotubes—preparation and properties</i>. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8493-9602-1" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8493-9602-1"><bdi>978-0-8493-9602-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=Carbon+nanotubes%E2%80%94preparation+and+properties&amp;rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8493-9602-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nanotubes2-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nanotubes2_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFDresselhaus,_M._S.2001" class="citation book cs1">Dresselhaus, M. S., ur. (2001). <i>Carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structures, properties and applications</i>. <i>Topics in Applied Physics</i>. Zv.&#160;80. Berlin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-3-540-41086-7" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-3-540-41086-7"><bdi>978-3-540-41086-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=Carbon+nanotubes%3A+synthesis%2C+structures%2C+properties+and+applications&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-540-41086-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nanobuds-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nanobuds_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFNasibulinPikhitsaJiangBrown2007" class="citation journal cs1">Nasibulin, Albert G.; Pikhitsa, P. V.; Jiang, H.; Brown, D. P.; Krasheninnikov, A. V.; Anisimov, A. S.; Queipo, P.; Moisala, A.; in&#160;sod. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnnano.2007.37">»A novel hybrid carbon material«</a>. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. <b>2</b> (3): 156–161. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007NatNa...2..156N">2007NatNa...2..156N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Prosto dostopno"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnnano.2007.37">10.1038/nnano.2007.37</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18654245">18654245</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature+Nanotechnology&amp;rft.atitle=A+novel+hybrid+carbon+material&amp;rft.volume=2&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=156-161&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18654245&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnnano.2007.37&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007NatNa...2..156N&amp;rft.aulast=Nasibulin&amp;rft.aufirst=Albert+G.&amp;rft.au=Pikhitsa%2C+P.+V.&amp;rft.au=Jiang%2C+H.&amp;rft.au=Brown%2C+D.+P.&amp;rft.au=Krasheninnikov%2C+A.+V.&amp;rft.au=Anisimov%2C+A.+S.&amp;rft.au=Queipo%2C+P.&amp;rft.au=Moisala%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Gonzalez%2C+D.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fnnano.2007.37&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFNasibulinAnisimovPikhitsaJiang2007" class="citation journal cs1">Nasibulin, A.; Anisimov, Anton S.; Pikhitsa, Peter V.; Jiang, Hua; Brown, David P.; Choi, Mansoo; Kauppinen, Esko I. (2007). »Investigations of NanoBud formation«. <i>Chemical Physics Letters</i>. <b>446</b> (1): 109–114. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007CPL...446..109N">2007CPL...446..109N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cplett.2007.08.050">10.1016/j.cplett.2007.08.050</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Chemical+Physics+Letters&amp;rft.atitle=Investigations+of+NanoBud+formation&amp;rft.volume=446&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=109-114&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cplett.2007.08.050&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007CPL...446..109N&amp;rft.aulast=Nasibulin&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rft.au=Anisimov%2C+Anton+S.&amp;rft.au=Pikhitsa%2C+Peter+V.&amp;rft.au=Jiang%2C+Hua&amp;rft.au=Brown%2C+David+P.&amp;rft.au=Choi%2C+Mansoo&amp;rft.au=Kauppinen%2C+Esko+I.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFVieira,_RLedouxPham-Huu2004" class="citation journal cs1">Vieira, R; Ledoux, Marc-Jacques; Pham-Huu, Cuong (2004). »Synthesis and characterisation of carbon nanofibers with macroscopic shaping formed by catalytic decomposition of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> over nickel catalyst«. <i>Applied Catalysis A: General</i>. <b>274</b> (1–2): 1–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.apcata.2004.04.008">10.1016/j.apcata.2004.04.008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Applied+Catalysis+A%3A+General&amp;rft.atitle=Synthesis+and+characterisation+of+carbon+nanofibers+with+macroscopic+shaping+formed+by+catalytic+decomposition+of+C%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3EH%3Csub%3E6%3C%2Fsub%3E%2FH%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E+over+nickel+catalyst&amp;rft.volume=274&amp;rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&amp;rft.pages=1-8&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.apcata.2004.04.008&amp;rft.au=Vieira%2C+R&amp;rft.au=Ledoux%2C+Marc-Jacques&amp;rft.au=Pham-Huu%2C+Cuong&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lonsdaletite-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lonsdaletite_38-0">38,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-lonsdaletite_38-1">38,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFCliffordMarvin1967" class="citation journal cs1">Clifford, Frondel; Marvin, Ursula B. (1967). »Lonsdaleite, a new hexagonal polymorph of diamond«. <i>Nature</i>. <b>214</b> (5088): 587–589. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967Natur.214..587F">1967Natur.214..587F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F214587a0">10.1038/214587a0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=Lonsdaleite%2C+a+new+hexagonal+polymorph+of+diamond&amp;rft.volume=214&amp;rft.issue=5088&amp;rft.pages=587-589&amp;rft.date=1967&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F214587a0&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1967Natur.214..587F&amp;rft.aulast=Clifford&amp;rft.aufirst=Frondel&amp;rft.au=Marvin%2C+Ursula+B.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-glassy_carbon-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-glassy_carbon_39-0">39,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-glassy_carbon_39-1">39,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-glassy_carbon_39-2">39,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFHarris,_PJF2004" class="citation journal cs1">Harris, PJF (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319054641/http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~powles/PDFs/Harris_2004.pdf">»Fullerene-related structure of commercial glassy carbons«</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Philosophical Magazine</i>. <b>84</b> (29): 3159–3167. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PMag...84.3159H">2004PMag...84.3159H</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=CiteSeerX_(identifikator)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CiteSeerX (identifikator) (stran ne obstaja)">CiteSeerX</a>&#160;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Prosto dostopno"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.359.5715">10.1.1.359.5715</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14786430410001720363">10.1080/14786430410001720363</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~powles/PDFs/Harris_2004.pdf">prvotnega spletišča</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> dne 19. marca 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 6. julija 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Fullerene-related+structure+of+commercial+glassy+carbons&amp;rft.volume=84&amp;rft.issue=29&amp;rft.pages=3159-3167&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.359.5715%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14786430410001720363&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004PMag...84.3159H&amp;rft.au=Harris%2C+PJF&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physics.usyd.edu.au%2F~powles%2FPDFs%2FHarris_2004.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Predloga:Navedi_%C4%8Dasopis" title="Predloga:Navedi časopis">navedi časopis</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;datum-arhiva=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;datum-dostopa=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url-arhiva=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFRode,_A._V.HydeGamalyElliman1999" class="citation journal cs1">Rode, A. V.; Hyde, S. T.; Gamaly, E. G.; Elliman, R. G.; McKenzie, D. R.; Bulcock, S. (1999). »Structural analysis of a carbon foam formed by high pulse-rate laser ablation«. <i>Applied Physics A: Materials Science &amp; Processing</i>. <b>69</b> (7): S755–S758. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ApPhA..69S.755R">1999ApPhA..69S.755R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs003390051522">10.1007/s003390051522</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Applied+Physics+A%3A+Materials+Science+%26+Processing&amp;rft.atitle=Structural+analysis+of+a+carbon+foam+formed+by+high+pulse-rate+laser+ablation&amp;rft.volume=69&amp;rft.issue=7&amp;rft.pages=S755-S758&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs003390051522&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999ApPhA..69S.755R&amp;rft.au=Rode%2C+A.+V.&amp;rft.au=Hyde%2C+S.+T.&amp;rft.au=Gamaly%2C+E.+G.&amp;rft.au=Elliman%2C+R.+G.&amp;rft.au=McKenzie%2C+D.+R.&amp;rft.au=Bulcock%2C+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAC-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LAC_41-0">41,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LAC_41-1">41,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFHeimann,_Robert_BertramEvsyukov,_Sergey_E.Kavan,_Ladislav1999" class="citation book cs1">Heimann, Robert Bertram; Evsyukov, Sergey E.; Kavan, Ladislav (28. februar 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121123153424/http://books.google.com/books?id=swSQZcTmo_4C&amp;pg=PA1"><i>Carbyne and carbynoid structures</i></a>. Springer. str.&#160;1–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-7923-5323-2" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-7923-5323-2"><bdi>978-0-7923-5323-2</bdi></a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=swSQZcTmo_4C&amp;pg=PA1">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 23. novembra 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 6. junija 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=Carbyne+and+carbynoid+structures&amp;rft.pages=1-&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft.date=1999-02-28&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7923-5323-2&amp;rft.au=Heimann%2C+Robert+Bertram&amp;rft.au=Evsyukov%2C+Sergey+E.&amp;rft.au=Kavan%2C+Ladislav&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DswSQZcTmo_4C%26pg%3DPA1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lee-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-lee_42-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFLeeWeiKysarHone2008" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, C.; Wei, X.; Kysar, J. W.; Hone, J. (2008). »Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene«. <i>Science</i>. <b>321</b> (5887): 385–8. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Sci...321..385L">2008Sci...321..385L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1157996">10.1126/science.1157996</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18635798">18635798</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090531134104/http://www.aip.org/isns/reports/2008/027.html">Laični povzetek</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.atitle=Measurement+of+the+Elastic+Properties+and+Intrinsic+Strength+of+Monolayer+Graphene&amp;rft.volume=321&amp;rft.issue=5887&amp;rft.pages=385-8&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18635798&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1157996&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008Sci...321..385L&amp;rft.aulast=Lee&amp;rft.aufirst=C.&amp;rft.au=Wei%2C+X.&amp;rft.au=Kysar%2C+J.+W.&amp;rft.au=Hone%2C+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Predloga:Navedi_%C4%8Dasopis" title="Predloga:Navedi časopis">navedi časopis</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Sklic uporablja opuščeni parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;lay-url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#deprecated_params" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFJinLuO’NeillParilla2011" class="citation journal cs1">Jin, Zhong; Lu, Wei; O’Neill, Kevin J.; Parilla, Philip A.; Simpson, Lin J.; Kittrell, Carter; Tour, James M. (22. februar 2011). »Nano-Engineered Spacing in Graphene Sheets for Hydrogen Storage«. <i>Chemistry of Materials</i>. <b>23</b> (4): 923–925. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcm1025188">10.1021/cm1025188</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0897-4756">0897-4756</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Chemistry+of+Materials&amp;rft.atitle=Nano-Engineered+Spacing+in+Graphene+Sheets+for+Hydrogen+Storage&amp;rft.volume=23&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=923-925&amp;rft.date=2011-02-22&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fcm1025188&amp;rft.issn=0897-4756&amp;rft.aulast=Jin&amp;rft.aufirst=Zhong&amp;rft.au=Lu%2C+Wei&amp;rft.au=O%E2%80%99Neill%2C+Kevin+J.&amp;rft.au=Parilla%2C+Philip+A.&amp;rft.au=Simpson%2C+Lin+J.&amp;rft.au=Kittrell%2C+Carter&amp;rft.au=Tour%2C+James+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins1973" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Edgar (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121123204229/http://books.google.com/books?id=XNYOAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA30"><i>The polymorphism of elements and compounds</i></a>. Taylor &amp; Francis. str.&#160;30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-423-87500-3" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-423-87500-3"><bdi>978-0-423-87500-3</bdi></a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XNYOAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA30">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 23. novembra 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 1. maja 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=The+polymorphism+of+elements+and+compounds&amp;rft.pages=30&amp;rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&amp;rft.date=1973&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-423-87500-3&amp;rft.aulast=Jenkins&amp;rft.aufirst=Edgar&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXNYOAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA30&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFRossiniJessup1938" class="citation journal cs1">Rossini, F. D.; Jessup, R. S. (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.6028%2Fjres.021.028">»Heat and Free Energy of Formation of Carbon Dioxide and of the Transition Between Graphite and Diamond«</a>. <i>Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards</i>. <b>21</b> (4): 491. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Prosto dostopno"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.6028%2Fjres.021.028">10.6028/jres.021.028</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Research+of+the+National+Bureau+of+Standards&amp;rft.atitle=Heat+and+Free+Energy+of+Formation+of+Carbon+Dioxide+and+of+the+Transition+Between+Graphite+and+Diamond&amp;rft.volume=21&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=491&amp;rft.date=1938&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.6028%2Fjres.021.028&amp;rft.aulast=Rossini&amp;rft.aufirst=F.+D.&amp;rft.au=Jessup%2C+R.+S.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.6028%252Fjres.021.028&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFGrochala2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Grochala, Wojciech (1. april 2014). »Diamond: Electronic Ground State of Carbon at Temperatures Approaching 0 K«. <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i> (v angleščini). <b>53</b> (14): 3680–3683. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.201400131">10.1002/anie.201400131</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1521-3773">1521-3773</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24615828">24615828</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie+International+Edition&amp;rft.atitle=Diamond%3A+Electronic+Ground+State+of+Carbon+at+Temperatures+Approaching+0+K&amp;rft.volume=53&amp;rft.issue=14&amp;rft.pages=3680-3683&amp;rft.date=2014-04-01&amp;rft.issn=1521-3773&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24615828&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fanie.201400131&amp;rft.aulast=Grochala&amp;rft.aufirst=Wojciech&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteKahwajiFreitasSiewert2021" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">White, Mary Anne; Kahwaji, Samer; Freitas, Vera L. S.; Siewert, Riko; Weatherby, Joseph A.; Ribeiro da Silva, Maria D. M. C.; Verevkin, Sergey P.; Johnson, Erin R.; Zwanziger, Josef W. (2021). »The Relative Thermal Stability of Diamond and Graphite«. <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i> (v angleščini). <b>60</b>: 1546–1549. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.202009897">10.1002/anie.202009897</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie+International+Edition&amp;rft.atitle=The+Relative+Thermal+Stability+of+Diamond+and+Graphite&amp;rft.volume=60&amp;rft.pages=1546-1549&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fanie.202009897&amp;rft.aulast=White&amp;rft.aufirst=Mary+Anne&amp;rft.au=Kahwaji%2C+Samer&amp;rft.au=Freitas%2C+Vera+L.+S.&amp;rft.au=Siewert%2C+Riko&amp;rft.au=Weatherby%2C+Joseph+A.&amp;rft.au=Ribeiro+da+Silva%2C+Maria+D.+M.+C.&amp;rft.au=Verevkin%2C+Sergey+P.&amp;rft.au=Johnson%2C+Erin+R.&amp;rft.au=Zwanziger%2C+Josef+W.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFSchewe,_PhilStein,_Ben2004" class="citation journal cs1">Schewe, Phil; Stein, Ben (26. marec 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307104655/http://www.aip.org/pnu/2004/split/678-1.html">»Carbon Nanofoam is the World's First Pure Carbon Magnet«</a>. <i>Physics News Update</i>. <b>678</b> (1). Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/pnu/2004/split/678-1.html">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 7. marca 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Physics+News+Update&amp;rft.atitle=Carbon+Nanofoam+is+the+World%27s+First+Pure+Carbon+Magnet&amp;rft.volume=678&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.date=2004-03-26&amp;rft.au=Schewe%2C+Phil&amp;rft.au=Stein%2C+Ben&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aip.org%2Fpnu%2F2004%2Fsplit%2F678-1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Predloga:Navedi_%C4%8Dasopis" title="Predloga:Navedi časopis">navedi časopis</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;datum-arhiva=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;datum-dostopa=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url-arhiva=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFItzhaki,_LiorAltusBaschHoz2005" class="citation journal cs1">Itzhaki, Lior; Altus, Eli; Basch, Harold; Hoz, Shmaryahu (2005). »Harder than Diamond: Determining the Cross-Sectional Area and Young's Modulus of Molecular Rods«. <i>Angew. Chem. Int. Ed</i>. <b>44</b> (45): 7432–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.200502448">10.1002/anie.200502448</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16240306">16240306</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Angew.+Chem.+Int.+Ed.&amp;rft.atitle=Harder+than+Diamond%3A+Determining+the+Cross-Sectional+Area+and+Young%27s+Modulus+of+Molecular+Rods&amp;rft.volume=44&amp;rft.issue=45&amp;rft.pages=7432-5&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fanie.200502448&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16240306&amp;rft.au=Itzhaki%2C+Lior&amp;rft.au=Altus%2C+Eli&amp;rft.au=Basch%2C+Harold&amp;rft.au=Hoz%2C+Shmaryahu&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406002158/https://news.ncsu.edu/2015/11/narayan-q-carbon-2015/">»Researchers Find New Phase of Carbon, Make Diamond at Room Temperature«</a>. <i>news.ncsu.edu</i>. 30. november 2015. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ncsu.edu/2015/11/narayan-q-carbon-2015/">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 6. aprila 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 6. aprila 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.jtitle=news.ncsu.edu&amp;rft.atitle=Researchers+Find+New+Phase+of+Carbon%2C+Make+Diamond+at+Room+Temperature&amp;rft.date=2015-11-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.ncsu.edu%2F2015%2F11%2Fnarayan-q-carbon-2015%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INV-20200706-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-INV-20200706_51-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFRabie2020" class="citation news cs1">Rabie, Passant (6. julij 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inverse.com/science/carbon-from-white-dwarfs">»Astronomers Have Found The Source Of Life In The Universe«</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverse_(website)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Inverse (website) (stran ne obstaja)">Inverse</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 7. julija 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Inverse&amp;rft.atitle=Astronomers+Have+Found+The+Source+Of+Life+In+The+Universe&amp;rft.date=2020-07-06&amp;rft.aulast=Rabie&amp;rft.aufirst=Passant&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inverse.com%2Fscience%2Fcarbon-from-white-dwarfs&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NA-20200706-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NA-20200706_52-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFMarigo,_Paola2020" class="citation journal cs1">Marigo, Paola; in&#160;sod. (6. julij 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-1132-1">»Carbon star formation as seen through the non-monotonic initial–final mass relation«</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_Astronomy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nature Astronomy (stran ne obstaja)">Nature Astronomy</a></i>. <b>152</b>. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifikator)">arXiv</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Prosto dostopno"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.04163">2007.04163</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41550-020-1132-1">10.1038/s41550-020-1132-1</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 7. julija 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature+Astronomy&amp;rft.atitle=Carbon+star+formation+as+seen+through+the+non-monotonic+initial%E2%80%93final+mass+relation&amp;rft.volume=152&amp;rft.date=2020-07-06&amp;rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2007.04163&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41550-020-1132-1&amp;rft.au=Marigo%2C+Paola&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41550-020-1132-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA-20140221-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NASA-20140221_53-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFHoover2014" class="citation web cs1">Hoover, Rachel (21. februar 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906061428/http://www.nasa.gov/ames/need-to-track-organic-nano-particles-across-the-universe-nasas-got-an-app-for-that/">»Need to Track Organic Nano-Particles Across the Universe? NASA's Got an App for That«</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></i>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/ames/need-to-track-organic-nano-particles-across-the-universe-nasas-got-an-app-for-that/">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 6. septembra 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 22. februarja 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.jtitle=NASA&amp;rft.atitle=Need+to+Track+Organic+Nano-Particles+Across+the+Universe%3F+NASA%27s+Got+an+App+for+That&amp;rft.date=2014-02-21&amp;rft.aulast=Hoover&amp;rft.aufirst=Rachel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fames%2Fneed-to-track-organic-nano-particles-across-the-universe-nasas-got-an-app-for-that%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Predloga:Navedi_splet" title="Predloga:Navedi splet">navedi splet</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;datum-arhiva=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url-arhiva=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lauretta_McSween_2006_p._199-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lauretta_McSween_2006_p._199_54-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFLaurettaMcSween2006" class="citation book cs1">Lauretta, D.S.; McSween, H.Y. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171122173131/https://books.google.com/books?id=FRc2iq9g9pkC&amp;pg=PA199"><i>Meteorites and the Early Solar System II</i></a>. Space science series. University of Arizona Press. str.&#160;199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8165-2562-1" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8165-2562-1"><bdi>978-0-8165-2562-1</bdi></a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FRc2iq9g9pkC&amp;pg=PA199">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 22. novembra 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 7. maja 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=Meteorites+and+the+Early+Solar+System+II&amp;rft.series=Space+science+series&amp;rft.pages=199&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8165-2562-1&amp;rft.aulast=Lauretta&amp;rft.aufirst=D.S.&amp;rft.au=McSween%2C+H.Y.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFRc2iq9g9pkC%26pg%3DPA199&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFMark,_Kathleen1987" class="citation book cs1">Mark, Kathleen (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/meteoritecraters0000mark_o3c4"><i>Meteorite Craters</i></a>. University of Arizona Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8165-0902-7" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8165-0902-7"><bdi>978-0-8165-0902-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=Meteorite+Craters&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8165-0902-7&amp;rft.au=Mark%2C+Kathleen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmeteoritecraters0000mark_o3c4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">William F McDonough <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quake.mit.edu/hilstgroup/CoreMantle/EarthCompo.pdf">The composition of the Earth</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928074153/http://quake.mit.edu/hilstgroup/CoreMantle/EarthCompo.pdf">Arhivirano</a> 2011-09-28 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFMajewski2000" class="citation book cs1">Majewski, Eugeniusz (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780126851854"><i>Earthquake Thermodynamics and Phase Transformation in the Earth's Interior</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0126851854" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0126851854"><bdi>978-0126851854</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=Earthquake+Thermodynamics+and+Phase+Transformation+in+the+Earth%27s+Interior&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=978-0126851854&amp;rft.aulast=Majewski&amp;rft.aufirst=Eugeniusz&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780126851854&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFYinon_Bar-On2018" class="citation journal cs1">Yinon Bar-On; in&#160;sod. (19. junij 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6016768">»The biomass distribution on Earth«</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=PNAS&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="PNAS (stran ne obstaja)">PNAS</a></i>. <b>115</b> (25): 6506–6511. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1711842115">10.1073/pnas.1711842115</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Prosto dostopno"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6016768">6016768</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29784790">29784790</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=PNAS&amp;rft.atitle=The+biomass+distribution+on+Earth&amp;rft.volume=115&amp;rft.issue=25&amp;rft.pages=6506-6511&amp;rft.date=2018-06-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6016768%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29784790&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1711842115&amp;rft.au=Yinon+Bar-On&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6016768&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFFred_Pearce2014" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Pearce&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Pearce (stran ne obstaja)">Fred Pearce</a> (15. februar 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22129560.400-fire-in-the-hole-after-fracking-comes-coal.html?full=true">»Fire in the hole: After fracking comes coal«</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Scientist&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="New Scientist (stran ne obstaja)">New Scientist</a></i>. <b>221</b> (2956): 36–41. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NewSc.221...36P">2014NewSc.221...36P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0262-4079%2814%2960331-6">10.1016/S0262-4079(14)60331-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316021625/http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22129560.400-fire-in-the-hole-after-fracking-comes-coal.html?full=true">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 16. marca 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&amp;rft.atitle=Fire+in+the+hole%3A+After+fracking+comes+coal&amp;rft.volume=221&amp;rft.issue=2956&amp;rft.pages=36-41&amp;rft.date=2014-02-15&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0262-4079%2814%2960331-6&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014NewSc.221...36P&amp;rft.au=Fred+Pearce&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg22129560.400-fire-in-the-hole-after-fracking-comes-coal.html%3Ffull%3Dtrue&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20627641.100-wonderfuel-welcome-to-the-age-of-unconventional-gas.html?full=true">"Wonderfuel: Welcome to the age of unconventional gas"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141209231648/http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20627641.100-wonderfuel-welcome-to-the-age-of-unconventional-gas.html?full=true">Arhivirano</a> 2014-12-09 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. by Helen Knight, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novi_znanstvenik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Novi znanstvenik (stran ne obstaja)">New Scientist</a></i>, 12 June 2010, pp. 44–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3493349.stm">Ocean methane stocks 'overstated'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130425211445/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3493349.stm">Arhivirano</a> 2013-04-25 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., BBC, 17 Feb. 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Calculated from file global.1751_2008.csv in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111022125534/http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/ndp030/CSV-FILES/">»Index of /ftp/ndp030/CSV-FILES«</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/ndp030/CSV-FILES">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 22. oktobra 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 6. novembra 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Index+of+%2Fftp%2Fndp030%2FCSV-FILES&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdiac.ornl.gov%2Fftp%2Fndp030%2FCSV-FILES&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFRachel_Gross2013" class="citation journal cs1">Rachel Gross (21. september 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/articleimages/mg21929350.800/1-whats-brown-and-soggy-and-could-save-the-world.html">»Deep, and dank mysterious«</a>. <i>New Scientist</i>: 40–43. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055409/http://www.newscientist.com/articleimages/mg21929350.800/1-whats-brown-and-soggy-and-could-save-the-world.html">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 21. septembra 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&amp;rft.atitle=Deep%2C+and+dank+mysterious&amp;rft.pages=40-43&amp;rft.date=2013-09-21&amp;rft.au=Rachel+Gross&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticleimages%2Fmg21929350.800%2F1-whats-brown-and-soggy-and-could-save-the-world.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFStefanenko,_R.1983" class="citation book cs1">Stefanenko, R. (1983). <i>Coal Mining Technology: Theory and Practice</i>. Society for Mining Metallurgy. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-89520-404-2" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-89520-404-2"><bdi>978-0-89520-404-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=Coal+Mining+Technology%3A+Theory+and+Practice&amp;rft.pub=Society+for+Mining+Metallurgy&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-89520-404-2&amp;rft.au=Stefanenko%2C+R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFKasting1998" class="citation journal cs1">Kasting, James (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gcrio.org/CONSEQUENCES/vol4no1/carbcycle.html">»The Carbon Cycle, Climate, and the Long-Term Effects of Fossil Fuel Burning«</a>. <i>Consequences: The Nature and Implication of Environmental Change</i>. <b>4</b> (1). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081024152448/http://gcrio.org/CONSEQUENCES/vol4no1/carbcycle.html">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 24. oktobra 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Consequences%3A+The+Nature+and+Implication+of+Environmental+Change&amp;rft.atitle=The+Carbon+Cycle%2C+Climate%2C+and+the+Long-Term+Effects+of+Fossil+Fuel+Burning&amp;rft.volume=4&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.aulast=Kasting&amp;rft.aufirst=James&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgcrio.org%2FCONSEQUENCES%2Fvol4no1%2Fcarbcycle.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150801234723/http://www.acad.carleton.edu/curricular/BIOL/classes/bio302/pages/carbondatingback.html">»Carbon-14 formation«</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acad.carleton.edu/curricular/BIOL/classes/bio302/pages/carbondatingback.html">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 1. avgusta 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 13. oktobra 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Carbon-14+formation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acad.carleton.edu%2Fcurricular%2FBIOL%2Fclasses%2Fbio302%2Fpages%2Fcarbondatingback.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFAitken1990" class="citation book cs1">Aitken, M.J. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sciencebaseddati0000aitk"><i>Science-based Dating in Archaeology</i></a>. str.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sciencebaseddati0000aitk/page/56">56</a>–58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-582-49309-4" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-582-49309-4"><bdi>978-0-582-49309-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=Science-based+Dating+in+Archaeology&amp;rft.pages=56-58&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-582-49309-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aitken&amp;rft.aufirst=M.J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsciencebaseddati0000aitk&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFLevineAugustssonNatarajan1982" class="citation journal cs1">Levine, Joel S.; Augustsson, Tommy R.; Natarajan, Murali (1982). »The prebiological paleoatmosphere: stability and composition«. <i>Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres</i>. <b>12</b> (3): 245–259. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982OrLi...12..245L">1982OrLi...12..245L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00926894">10.1007/BF00926894</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7162799">7162799</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Origins+of+Life+and+Evolution+of+Biospheres&amp;rft.atitle=The+prebiological+paleoatmosphere%3A+stability+and+composition&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=245-259&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7162799&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00926894&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1982OrLi...12..245L&amp;rft.aulast=Levine&amp;rft.aufirst=Joel+S.&amp;rft.au=Augustsson%2C+Tommy+R.&amp;rft.au=Natarajan%2C+Murali&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFLoerting,_T.TautermannKroemerKohl2001" class="citation journal cs1">Loerting, T.; in&#160;sod. (2001). »On the Surprising Kinetic Stability of Carbonic Acid«. <i>Angew. Chem. Int. Ed</i>. <b>39</b> (5): 891–895. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291521-3773%2820000303%2939%3A5%3C891%3A%3AAID-ANIE891%3E3.0.CO%3B2-E">10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(20000303)39:5&#60;891::AID-ANIE891&#62;3.0.CO&#59;2-E</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10760883">10760883</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Angew.+Chem.+Int.+Ed.&amp;rft.atitle=On+the+Surprising+Kinetic+Stability+of+Carbonic+Acid&amp;rft.volume=39&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=891-895&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291521-3773%2820000303%2939%3A5%3C891%3A%3AAID-ANIE891%3E3.0.CO%3B2-E&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10760883&amp;rft.au=Loerting%2C+T.&amp;rft.au=Tautermann%2C+Christofer&amp;rft.au=Kroemer%2C+Romano+T.&amp;rft.au=Kohl%2C+Ingrid&amp;rft.au=Hallbrucker%2C+Andreas&amp;rft.au=Mayer%2C+Erwin&amp;rft.au=Liedl%2C+Klaus+R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFHaldane_J.1895" class="citation journal cs1">Haldane J. (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1514663">»The action of carbonic oxide on man«</a>. <i>Journal of Physiology</i>. <b>18</b> (5–6): 430–462. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1895.sp000578">10.1113/jphysiol.1895.sp000578</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Prosto dostopno"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1514663">1514663</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16992272">16992272</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physiology&amp;rft.atitle=The+action+of+carbonic+oxide+on+man&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.issue=5%E2%80%936&amp;rft.pages=430-462&amp;rft.date=1895&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1514663%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16992272&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1895.sp000578&amp;rft.au=Haldane+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1514663&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFGormanDrewryHuangSames2003" class="citation journal cs1">Gorman, D.; Drewry, A.; Huang, Y. L.; Sames, C. (2003). »The clinical toxicology of carbon monoxide«. <i>Toxicology</i>. <b>187</b> (1): 25–38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0300-483X%2803%2900005-2">10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00005-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12679050">12679050</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Toxicology&amp;rft.atitle=The+clinical+toxicology+of+carbon+monoxide&amp;rft.volume=187&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=25-38&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0300-483X%2803%2900005-2&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12679050&amp;rft.aulast=Gorman&amp;rft.aufirst=D.&amp;rft.au=Drewry%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Huang%2C+Y.+L.&amp;rft.au=Sames%2C+C.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071207230312/http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/C/C3O2-504643.html">»Compounds of carbon: carbon suboxide«</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/C/C3O2-504643.html">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 7. decembra 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 3. decembra 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Compounds+of+carbon%3A+carbon+suboxide&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Fwebelements%2Fcompounds%2Ftext%2FC%2FC3O2-504643.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFBayes1961" class="citation journal cs1">Bayes, K. (1961). »Photolysis of Carbon Suboxide«. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of the American Chemical Society (stran ne obstaja)">Journal of the American Chemical Society</a></i>. <b>83</b> (17): 3712–3713. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja01478a033">10.1021/ja01478a033</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&amp;rft.atitle=Photolysis+of+Carbon+Suboxide&amp;rft.volume=83&amp;rft.issue=17&amp;rft.pages=3712-3713&amp;rft.date=1961&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja01478a033&amp;rft.aulast=Bayes&amp;rft.aufirst=K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson_D._J.Rosenfeld1991" class="citation journal cs1">Anderson D. J.; Rosenfeld, R. N. (1991). »Photodissociation of Carbon Suboxide«. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Chemical_Physics&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Chemical Physics (stran ne obstaja)">Journal of Chemical Physics</a></i>. <b>94</b> (12): 7852–7867. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991JChPh..94.7857A">1991JChPh..94.7857A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.460121">10.1063/1.460121</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Physics&amp;rft.atitle=Photodissociation+of+Carbon+Suboxide&amp;rft.volume=94&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.pages=7852-7867&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.460121&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991JChPh..94.7857A&amp;rft.au=Anderson+D.+J.&amp;rft.au=Rosenfeld%2C+R.+N.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFSabinKim1971" class="citation journal cs1">Sabin, J. R.; Kim, H. (1971). »A theoretical study of the structure and properties of carbon trioxide«. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Physics_Letters&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemical Physics Letters (stran ne obstaja)">Chemical Physics Letters</a></i>. <b>11</b> (5): 593–597. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1971CPL....11..593S">1971CPL....11..593S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0009-2614%2871%2987010-0">10.1016/0009-2614(71)87010-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Chemical+Physics+Letters&amp;rft.atitle=A+theoretical+study+of+the+structure+and+properties+of+carbon+trioxide&amp;rft.volume=11&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=593-597&amp;rft.date=1971&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0009-2614%2871%2987010-0&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1971CPL....11..593S&amp;rft.aulast=Sabin&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+R.&amp;rft.au=Kim%2C+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFMoll_N._G.Clutter_D._R.Thompson_W._E.1966" class="citation journal cs1">Moll N. G.; Clutter D. R.; Thompson W. E. (1966). »Carbon Trioxide: Its Production, Infrared Spectrum, and Structure Studied in a Matrix of Solid CO<sub>2</sub>«. <i>Journal of Chemical Physics</i>. <b>45</b> (12): 4469–4481. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1966JChPh..45.4469M">1966JChPh..45.4469M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1727526">10.1063/1.1727526</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Physics&amp;rft.atitle=Carbon+Trioxide%3A+Its+Production%2C+Infrared+Spectrum%2C+and+Structure+Studied+in+a+Matrix+of+Solid+CO%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E&amp;rft.volume=45&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.pages=4469-4481&amp;rft.date=1966&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1727526&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1966JChPh..45.4469M&amp;rft.au=Moll+N.+G.&amp;rft.au=Clutter+D.+R.&amp;rft.au=Thompson+W.+E.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fatiadi-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fatiadi_76-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFFatiadiIsbellSager1963" class="citation journal cs1">Fatiadi, Alexander J.; Isbell, Horace S.; Sager, William F. (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325204012/http://nvl.nist.gov/pub/nistpubs/jres/067/2/V67.N02.A06.pdf">»Cyclic Polyhydroxy Ketones. I. Oxidation Products of Hexahydroxybenzene (Benzenehexol)«</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Section A</i>. <b>67A</b> (2): 153–162. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.6028%2Fjres.067A.015">10.6028/jres.067A.015</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Prosto dostopno"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6640573">6640573</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31580622">31580622</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nvl.nist.gov/pub/nistpubs/jres/067/2/V67.N02.A06.pdf">prvotnega spletišča</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> dne 25. marca 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 21. marca 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Research+of+the+National+Bureau+of+Standards+Section+A&amp;rft.atitle=Cyclic+Polyhydroxy+Ketones.+I.+Oxidation+Products+of+Hexahydroxybenzene+%28Benzenehexol%29&amp;rft.volume=67A&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=153-162&amp;rft.date=1963&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6640573%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31580622&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.6028%2Fjres.067A.015&amp;rft.aulast=Fatiadi&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexander+J.&amp;rft.au=Isbell%2C+Horace+S.&amp;rft.au=Sager%2C+William+F.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnvl.nist.gov%2Fpub%2Fnistpubs%2Fjres%2F067%2F2%2FV67.N02.A06.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFPauling1960" class="citation book cs1">Pauling, L. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/natureofchemical00paul"><i>The Nature of the Chemical Bond</i></a> (3.&#160;izd.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. str.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/natureofchemical00paul/page/93">93</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8014-0333-0" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8014-0333-0"><bdi>978-0-8014-0333-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=The+Nature+of+the+Chemical+Bond&amp;rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&amp;rft.pages=93&amp;rft.edition=3.&amp;rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1960&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8014-0333-0&amp;rft.aulast=Pauling&amp;rft.aufirst=L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnatureofchemical00paul&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood297-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood297_78-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenwood and Earnshaw, pp. 297–301</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFScherbaum,_FranzGrohmannHuberKrüger1988" class="citation journal cs1">Scherbaum, Franz; in&#160;sod. (1988).&#160;»<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Aurophilicity" as a consequence of Relativistic Effects: The Hexakis(triphenylphosphaneaurio)methane Dication [(Ph<sub>3</sub>PAu)<sub>6</sub>C]<sup>2+</sup>«. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angew._Chem._Int._Ed._Engl.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. (stran ne obstaja)">Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.</a></i> <b>27</b> (11): 1544–1546. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.198815441">10.1002/anie.198815441</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Angew.+Chem.+Int.+Ed.+Engl.&amp;rft.atitle=%22Aurophilicity%22+as+a+consequence+of+Relativistic+Effects%3A+The+Hexakis%28triphenylphosphaneaurio%29methane+Dication+%5B%28Ph%3Csub%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3EPAu%29%3Csub%3E6%3C%2Fsub%3EC%5D%3Csup%3E2%2B%3C%2Fsup%3E&amp;rft.volume=27&amp;rft.issue=11&amp;rft.pages=1544-1546&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fanie.198815441&amp;rft.au=Scherbaum%2C+Franz&amp;rft.au=Grohmann%2C+Andreas&amp;rft.au=Huber%2C+Brigitte&amp;rft.au=Kr%C3%BCger%2C+Carl&amp;rft.au=Schmidbaur%2C+Hubert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFRitter" class="citation magazine cs1">Ritter, Stephen K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170109183800/http://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i49/Six-bonds-carbon-Confirmed.html?type=paidArticleContent">»Six bonds to carbon: Confirmed«</a>. <i>Chemical &amp; Engineering News</i>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i49/Six-bonds-carbon-Confirmed.html?type=paidArticleContent">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 9. januarja 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Chemical+%26+Engineering+News&amp;rft.atitle=Six+bonds+to+carbon%3A+Confirmed&amp;rft.aulast=Ritter&amp;rft.aufirst=Stephen+K.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcen.acs.org%2Farticles%2F94%2Fi49%2FSix-bonds-carbon-Confirmed.html%3Ftype%3DpaidArticleContent&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFYamashitaYamamotoAkibaHashizume2005" class="citation journal cs1">Yamashita, Makoto; Yamamoto, Yohsuke; Akiba, Kin-ya; Hashizume, Daisuke; Iwasaki, Fujiko; Takagi, Nozomi; Nagase, Shigeru (1. marec 2005). »Syntheses and Structures of Hypervalent Pentacoordinate Carbon and Boron Compounds Bearing an Anthracene Skeleton − Elucidation of Hypervalent Interaction Based on X-ray Analysis and DFT Calculation«. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. <b>127</b> (12): 4354–4371. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja0438011">10.1021/ja0438011</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7863">0002-7863</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15783218">15783218</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&amp;rft.atitle=Syntheses+and+Structures+of+Hypervalent+Pentacoordinate+Carbon+and+Boron+Compounds+Bearing+an+Anthracene+Skeleton+%E2%88%92+Elucidation+of+Hypervalent+Interaction+Based+on+X-ray+Analysis+and+DFT+Calculation&amp;rft.volume=127&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.pages=4354-4371&amp;rft.date=2005-03-01&amp;rft.issn=0002-7863&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15783218&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja0438011&amp;rft.aulast=Yamashita&amp;rft.aufirst=Makoto&amp;rft.au=Yamamoto%2C+Yohsuke&amp;rft.au=Akiba%2C+Kin-ya&amp;rft.au=Hashizume%2C+Daisuke&amp;rft.au=Iwasaki%2C+Fujiko&amp;rft.au=Takagi%2C+Nozomi&amp;rft.au=Nagase%2C+Shigeru&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ancient_China-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ancient_China_82-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070320064349/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4555235.stm">»Chinese made first use of diamond«</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 17. maj 2005. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4555235.stm">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 20. marca 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 21. marca 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Chinese+made+first+use+of+diamond&amp;rft.date=2005-05-17&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F4555235.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Krogt,_Peter" class="citation web cs1">van der Krogt, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100123003310/http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=C">»Carbonium/Carbon at Elementymology &amp; Elements Multidict«</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=C">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 23. januarja 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 6. januarja 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Carbonium%2FCarbon+at+Elementymology+%26+Elements+Multidict&amp;rft.au=van+der+Krogt%2C+Peter&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felements.vanderkrogt.net%2Felement.php%3Fsym%3DC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFFerchault_de_Réaumur1722" class="citation book cs1">Ferchault de Réaumur, R.-A. (1722). <i>L'art de convertir le fer forgé en acier, et l'art d'adoucir le fer fondu, ou de faire des ouvrages de fer fondu aussi finis que le fer forgé (English translation from 1956)</i>. Paris, Chicago.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=L%27art+de+convertir+le+fer+forg%C3%A9+en+acier%2C+et+l%27art+d%27adoucir+le+fer+fondu%2C+ou+de+faire+des+ouvrages+de+fer+fondu+aussi+finis+que+le+fer+forg%C3%A9+%28English+translation+from+1956%29&amp;rft.place=Paris%2C+Chicago&amp;rft.date=1722&amp;rft.aulast=Ferchault+de+R%C3%A9aumur&amp;rft.aufirst=R.-A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101027222156/http://canadaconnects.ca/chemistry/1009/">»Carbon«</a>. Canada Connects. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadaconnects.ca/chemistry/1009">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 27. oktobra 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 7. decembra 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Carbon&amp;rft.pub=Canada+Connects&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadaconnects.ca%2Fchemistry%2F1009&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Predloga:Navedi_splet" title="Predloga:Navedi splet">navedi splet</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;datum-arhiva=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url-arhiva=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFSenese,_Fred" class="citation web cs1">Senese, Fred. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071207230348/http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/inorganic/faq/discovery-of-carbon.shtml">»Who discovered carbon?«</a>. Frostburg State University. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/inorganic/faq/discovery-of-carbon.shtml">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 7. decembra 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 24. novembra 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Who+discovered+carbon%3F&amp;rft.pub=Frostburg+State+University&amp;rft.au=Senese%2C+Fred&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantoine.frostburg.edu%2Fchem%2Fsenese%2F101%2Finorganic%2Ffaq%2Fdiscovery-of-carbon.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFGiolitti,_Federico1914" class="citation book cs1">Giolitti, Federico (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cementationiron01rouigoog"><i>The Cementation of Iron and Steel</i></a>. McGraw-Hill Book Company, inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cementation+of+Iron+and+Steel&amp;rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Book+Company%2C+inc&amp;rft.date=1914&amp;rft.au=Giolitti%2C+Federico&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcementationiron01rouigoog&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFSenese,_Fred2000" class="citation web cs1">Senese, Fred (9. september 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071207230348/http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/inorganic/faq/discovery-of-carbon.shtml">»Who discovered carbon«</a>. Frostburg State University. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/inorganic/faq/discovery-of-carbon.shtml">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 7. decembra 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 24. novembra 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Who+discovered+carbon&amp;rft.pub=Frostburg+State+University&amp;rft.date=2000-09-09&amp;rft.au=Senese%2C+Fred&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantoine.frostburg.edu%2Fchem%2Fsenese%2F101%2Finorganic%2Ffaq%2Fdiscovery-of-carbon.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFKrotoHeathO&#39;BrienCurl1985" class="citation journal cs1">Kroto, H. W.; Heath, J. R.; O'Brien, S. C.; Curl, R. F.; Smalley, R. E. (1985). »C<sub>60</sub>: Buckminsterfullerene«. <i>Nature</i>. <b>318</b> (6042): 162–163. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985Natur.318..162K">1985Natur.318..162K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F318162a0">10.1038/318162a0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=C%3Csub%3E60%3C%2Fsub%3E%3A+Buckminsterfullerene&amp;rft.volume=318&amp;rft.issue=6042&amp;rft.pages=162-163&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F318162a0&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1985Natur.318..162K&amp;rft.aulast=Kroto&amp;rft.aufirst=H.+W.&amp;rft.au=Heath%2C+J.+R.&amp;rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+S.+C.&amp;rft.au=Curl%2C+R.+F.&amp;rft.au=Smalley%2C+R.+E.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011035122/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1996/index.html">»The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996 "for their discovery of fullerenes"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>«</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1996/index.html">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 11. oktobra 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 21. decembra 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+1996+%22for+their+discovery+of+fullerenes%22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1996%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USGS_91-0">91,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USGS_91-1">91,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USGS_91-2">91,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/graphite">USGS Minerals Yearbook: Graphite, 2009</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080916114706/http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/graphite/">Arhivirano</a> 2008-09-16 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. and Graphite: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFHarlow,_G._E.1998" class="citation book cs1">Harlow, G. E. (1998). <i>The nature of diamonds</i>. Cambridge University Press. str.&#160;223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-521-62935-5" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-521-62935-5"><bdi>978-0-521-62935-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=The+nature+of+diamonds&amp;rft.pages=223&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-62935-5&amp;rft.au=Harlow%2C+G.+E.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catelle1-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Catelle1_93-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFCatelle1911" class="citation book cs1">Catelle, W. R. (1911). <i>The Diamond</i>. John Lane Company. str.&#160;159.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=The+Diamond&amp;rft.pages=159&amp;rft.pub=John+Lane+Company&amp;rft.date=1911&amp;rft.aulast=Catelle&amp;rft.aufirst=W.+R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ball-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ball_94-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFBall1881" class="citation book cs1">Ball, V. (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/diamondscoalgold00ballrich"><i>Diamonds, Gold and Coal of India</i></a>. London, Truebner &amp; Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=Diamonds%2C+Gold+and+Coal+of+India&amp;rft.pub=London%2C+Truebner+%26+Co.&amp;rft.date=1881&amp;rft.aulast=Ball&amp;rft.aufirst=V.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiamondscoalgold00ballrich&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFHershey1940" class="citation book cs1">Hershey, J. W. (1940). <i>The Book Of Diamonds: Their Curious Lore, Properties, Tests And Synthetic Manufacture</i>. Kessinger Pub Co. str.&#160;28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-4179-7715-4" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-4179-7715-4"><bdi>978-1-4179-7715-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=The+Book+Of+Diamonds%3A+Their+Curious+Lore%2C+Properties%2C+Tests+And+Synthetic+Manufacture&amp;rft.pages=28&amp;rft.pub=Kessinger+Pub+Co.&amp;rft.date=1940&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4179-7715-4&amp;rft.aulast=Hershey&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+W.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-giasummer2007-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-giasummer2007_96-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFJanse2007" class="citation journal cs1">Janse, A. J. A. (2007). »Global Rough Diamond Production Since 1870«. <i>Gems and Gemology</i>. <b>XLIII</b> (Summer 2007): 98–119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5741%2FGEMS.43.2.98">10.5741/GEMS.43.2.98</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Gems+and+Gemology&amp;rft.atitle=Global+Rough+Diamond+Production+Since+1870&amp;rft.volume=XLIII&amp;rft.issue=Summer+2007&amp;rft.pages=98-119&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5741%2FGEMS.43.2.98&amp;rft.aulast=Janse&amp;rft.aufirst=A.+J.+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFMarshallShore2004" class="citation web cs1">Marshall, Stephen; Shore, Josh (22. oktober 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080609101643/http://gnn.tv/videos/2/The_Diamond_Life">»The Diamond Life«</a>. Guerrilla News Network. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gnn.tv/videos/2/The_Diamond_Life">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 9. junija 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 10. oktobra 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=The+Diamond+Life&amp;rft.pub=Guerrilla+News+Network&amp;rft.date=2004-10-22&amp;rft.aulast=Marshall&amp;rft.aufirst=Stephen&amp;rft.au=Shore%2C+Josh&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgnn.tv%2Fvideos%2F2%2FThe_Diamond_Life&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DGemGLorenz-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DGemGLorenz_98-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFLorenz2007" class="citation journal cs1">Lorenz, V. (2007). »Argyle in Western Australia: The world's richest diamantiferous pipe; its past and future«. <i>Gemmologie, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gemmologischen Gesellschaft</i>. <b>56</b> (1/2): 35–40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Gemmologie%2C+Zeitschrift+der+Deutschen+Gemmologischen+Gesellschaft&amp;rft.atitle=Argyle+in+Western+Australia%3A+The+world%27s+richest+diamantiferous+pipe%3B+its+past+and+future&amp;rft.volume=56&amp;rft.issue=1%2F2&amp;rft.pages=35-40&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.aulast=Lorenz&amp;rft.aufirst=V.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cantwell-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cantwell_99-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFCantwellMorton1991" class="citation journal cs1">Cantwell, W. J.; Morton, J. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_composites_1991-09_22_5/page/347">»The impact resistance of composite materials&#160;– a review«</a>. <i>Composites</i>. <b>22</b> (5): 347–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0010-4361%2891%2990549-V">10.1016/0010-4361(91)90549-V</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Composites&amp;rft.atitle=The+impact+resistance+of+composite+materials+%E2%80%93+a+review&amp;rft.volume=22&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=347-62&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0010-4361%2891%2990549-V&amp;rft.aulast=Cantwell&amp;rft.aufirst=W.+J.&amp;rft.au=Morton%2C+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_composites_1991-09_22_5%2Fpage%2F347&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFHoltzapffel1856" class="citation book cs1">Holtzapffel, Ch. (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turningandmecha01holtgoog"><i>Turning And Mechanical Manipulation</i></a>. Charles Holtzapffel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=Turning+And+Mechanical+Manipulation&amp;rft.pub=Charles+Holtzapffel&amp;rft.date=1856&amp;rft.aulast=Holtzapffel&amp;rft.aufirst=Ch.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturningandmecha01holtgoog&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usgs-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-usgs_101-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506221551/http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/diamond/">»Industrial Diamonds Statistics and Information«</a>. United States Geological Survey. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/diamond/">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 6. maja 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 5. maja 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.btitle=Industrial+Diamonds+Statistics+and+Information&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fdiamond%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-102">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFCoelhoYamadaAspinwallWise1995" class="citation journal cs1">Coelho, R. T.; Yamada, S.; Aspinwall, D. K.; Wise, M. L. H. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-machine-tools-manufacture_1995-05_35_5/page/761">»The application of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tool materials when drilling and reaming aluminum-based alloys including MMC«</a>. <i>International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture</i>. <b>35</b> (5): 761–774. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0890-6955%2895%2993044-7">10.1016/0890-6955(95)93044-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Machine+Tools+and+Manufacture&amp;rft.atitle=The+application+of+polycrystalline+diamond+%28PCD%29+tool+materials+when+drilling+and+reaming+aluminum-based+alloys+including+MMC&amp;rft.volume=35&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=761-774&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0890-6955%2895%2993044-7&amp;rft.aulast=Coelho&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+T.&amp;rft.au=Yamada%2C+S.&amp;rft.au=Aspinwall%2C+D.+K.&amp;rft.au=Wise%2C+M.+L.+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_international-journal-of-machine-tools-manufacture_1995-05_35_5%2Fpage%2F761&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1999" class="citation book cs1">Harris, D. C. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/materialsforinfr0000harr"><i>Materials for infrared windows and domes: properties and performance</i></a>. SPIE Press. str.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/materialsforinfr0000harr/page/303">303</a>–334. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8194-3482-1" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8194-3482-1"><bdi>978-0-8194-3482-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=Materials+for+infrared+windows+and+domes%3A+properties+and+performance&amp;rft.pages=303-334&amp;rft.pub=SPIE+Press&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8194-3482-1&amp;rft.aulast=Harris&amp;rft.aufirst=D.+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmaterialsforinfr0000harr&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFNusinovich2004" class="citation book cs1">Nusinovich, G. S. (2004). <i>Introduction to the physics of gyrotrons</i>. JHU Press. str.&#160;229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8018-7921-0" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8018-7921-0"><bdi>978-0-8018-7921-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=knjiga&amp;rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+physics+of+gyrotrons&amp;rft.pages=229&amp;rft.pub=JHU+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8018-7921-0&amp;rft.aulast=Nusinovich&amp;rft.aufirst=G.+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFSakamotoEndrizScifres1992" class="citation journal cs1">Sakamoto, M.; Endriz, J. G.; Scifres, D. R. (1992). »120 W CW output power from monolithic AlGaAs (800 nm) laser diode array mounted on diamond heatsink«. <i>Electronics Letters</i>. <b>28</b> (2): 197–199. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ElL....28..197S">1992ElL....28..197S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1049%2Fel%3A19920123">10.1049/el:19920123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Electronics+Letters&amp;rft.atitle=120+W+CW+output+power+from+monolithic+AlGaAs+%28800+nm%29+laser+diode+array+mounted+on+diamond+heatsink&amp;rft.volume=28&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=197-199&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1049%2Fel%3A19920123&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992ElL....28..197S&amp;rft.aulast=Sakamoto&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rft.au=Endriz%2C+J.+G.&amp;rft.au=Scifres%2C+D.+R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFDorferMoserSpindlerBahr1998" class="citation journal cs1">Dorfer, Leopold; Moser, M.; Spindler, K.; Bahr, F.; Egarter-Vigl, E.; Dohr, G. (1998). »5200-year old acupuncture in Central Europe?«. <i>Science</i>. <b>282</b> (5387): 242–243. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998Sci...282..239D">1998Sci...282..239D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.282.5387.239f">10.1126/science.282.5387.239f</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9841386">9841386</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.atitle=5200-year+old+acupuncture+in+Central+Europe%3F&amp;rft.volume=282&amp;rft.issue=5387&amp;rft.pages=242-243&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9841386&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.282.5387.239f&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998Sci...282..239D&amp;rft.aulast=Dorfer&amp;rft.aufirst=Leopold&amp;rft.au=Moser%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Spindler%2C+K.&amp;rft.au=Bahr%2C+F.&amp;rft.au=Egarter-Vigl%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=Dohr%2C+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-107">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFDonaldsonStoneClouterRenwick2001" class="citation journal cs1">Donaldson, K.; Stone, V.; Clouter, A.; Renwick, L.; MacNee, W. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740105">»Ultrafine particles«</a>. <i>Occupational and Environmental Medicine</i>. <b>58</b> (3): 211–216. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Foem.58.3.211">10.1136/oem.58.3.211</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifikator)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Prosto dostopno"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740105">1740105</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11171936">11171936</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&amp;rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&amp;rft.atitle=Ultrafine+particles&amp;rft.volume=58&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=211-216&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1740105%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11171936&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Foem.58.3.211&amp;rft.aulast=Donaldson&amp;rft.aufirst=K.&amp;rft.au=Stone%2C+V.&amp;rft.au=Clouter%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Renwick%2C+L.&amp;rft.au=MacNee%2C+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1740105&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/iarc/vol65/carbon.html">»Summaries &amp; Evaluations - CARBON BLACK (Group 2B)«</a>. <i>International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)</i>. IARC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 10. marca 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Agency+for+Research+on+Cancer+%28IARC%29&amp;rft.atitle=Summaries+%26+Evaluations+-+CARBON+BLACK+%28Group+2B%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inchem.org%2Fdocuments%2Fiarc%2Fvol65%2Fcarbon.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/08/090807103921.htm">Carbon Nanoparticles Toxic To Adult Fruit Flies But Benign To Young</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102130334/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/08/090807103921.htm">Arhivirano</a> 2011-11-02 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. ScienceDaily (Aug. 17, 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-110">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414183351/http://geosociety.org/news/pr/04-30.htm">»Press Release – Titanic Disaster: New Theory Fingers Coal Fire«</a>. <i>www.geosociety.org</i>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geosociety.org/news/pr/04-30.htm">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 14. aprila 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 6. aprila 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.jtitle=www.geosociety.org&amp;rft.atitle=Press+Release+%E2%80%93+Titanic+Disaster%3A+New+Theory+Fingers+Coal+Fire&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geosociety.org%2Fnews%2Fpr%2F04-30.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Predloga:Navedi_splet" title="Predloga:Navedi splet">navedi splet</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;datum-arhiva=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Prezrt neznani parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url-arhiva=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Napake_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Pomoč:Napake CS1">pomoč</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFMcSherry" class="citation web cs1">McSherry, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160323134109/http://www.spanamwar.com/mainecoal.html">»Coal bunker Fire«</a>. <i>www.spanamwar.com</i>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spanamwar.com/mainecoal.html">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 23. marca 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 6. aprila 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=neznano&amp;rft.jtitle=www.spanamwar.com&amp;rft.atitle=Coal+bunker+Fire&amp;rft.aulast=McSherry&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spanamwar.com%2Fmainecoal.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AOgljik" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zunanje_povezave">Zunanje povezave</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Uredi razdelek: Zunanje povezave" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogljik&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Zunanje povezave"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span 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href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85020090">ZDA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000084767&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvija</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572686">Japonska</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph158523&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Češka republika</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drugo</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10638575">National Archives (ZDA)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐79zjm Cached time: 20241122121558 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.633 seconds Real time usage: 2.068 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 16996/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 491246/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 18324/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 24/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 320062/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.859/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8837708/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1828.970 1 -total 43.50% 795.552 1 Predloga:Infopolje_ogljik 43.29% 791.794 1 Predloga:Infopolje_Element 42.90% 784.539 1 Predloga:Sklici 38.67% 707.253 1 Predloga:Infopolje 16.34% 298.793 43 Predloga:Navedi_časopis 10.67% 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