CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Vahana - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"18905e39-260a-4646-a073-2b763b720a86","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Vahana","wgTitle":"Vahana","wgCurRevisionId":1280224655,"wgRevisionId":1280224655,"wgArticleId":1957708,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from March 2016","All articles needing additional references","Articles containing Sanskrit-language text","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Hindu deities","Hindu iconography","Animals in Hinduism","Hindu legendary creatures"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Vahana","wgRelevantArticleId":1957708,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q167681","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ashta-Matrika.jpg/1200px-Ashta-Matrika.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="710"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ashta-Matrika.jpg/800px-Ashta-Matrika.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="473"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ashta-Matrika.jpg/640px-Ashta-Matrika.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="378"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Vahana - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahana"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahana"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Vahana rootpage-Vahana skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Vahana" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Vahana" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Vahana" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Vahana" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Symbolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Garuda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garuda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Garuda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garuda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mushika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mushika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Mushika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mushika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nandi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nandi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Nandi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nandi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paravani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paravani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Paravani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paravani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compared_to_other_belief_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compared_to_other_belief_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Compared to other belief systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compared_to_other_belief_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_vahanas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_vahanas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of vahanas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_vahanas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Vahana</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vahana" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8" title="বাহন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বাহন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8" title="বাহন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাহন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vahana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vahana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1jana" title="Vájana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vájana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81hana" title="Vāhana – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vāhana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vahana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%ED%95%98%EB%82%98" title="바하나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바하나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95)" title="वाहन (पौराणिक) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाहन (पौराणिक)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahana" title="Wahana – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wahana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahana" title="Wahana – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wahana" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahana" title="Wahana – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wahana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vahana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8A" title="ヴァーハナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァーハナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vahana" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%8E" title="វាហណ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វាហណ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahana" title="Wahana – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wahana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вахана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вахана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vahana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vahana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D)" title="வாகனம் (இந்துக் கடவுளர்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வாகனம் (இந்துக் கடவுளர்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vahana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вагана – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вагана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%86" title="واہن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="واہن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vahana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q167681#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vahana" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Vahana" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vahana"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vahana"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Vahana" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Vahana" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&oldid=1280224655" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Vahana&id=1280224655&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVahana"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVahana"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Vahana&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vahana" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q167681" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mounts of Hindu deities</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the mounts of Hindu deities. For the aircraft prototype, see <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A%C2%B3_Vahana" title="Airbus A³ Vahana">Airbus A³ Vahana</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Animal vehicle" redirects here. For the album by The Axis of Awesome, see <a href="/wiki/Animal_Vehicle" title="Animal Vehicle">Animal Vehicle</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Vahana" title="Special:EditPage/Vahana">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Vahana%22">"Vahana"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Vahana%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Vahana%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Vahana%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Vahana%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Vahana%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ashta-Matrika.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ashta-Matrika.jpg/300px-Ashta-Matrika.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ashta-Matrika.jpg/450px-Ashta-Matrika.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Ashta-Matrika.jpg/600px-Ashta-Matrika.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3318" data-file-height="1962" /></a><figcaption>The eight <a href="/wiki/Matrikas" title="Matrikas">Matrikas</a> riding different vahanas like (top row, second from left to right) Garuda, a peacock, Nandi bull, a hamsa (goose/swan); (bottom row, from left) buffalo, elephant and lion</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Vāhana</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">वाहन</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Sanskrit">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">vāhana</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'that which carries') or <i><b>vahanam</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">वाहनम्</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Sanskrit">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">vāhanam</i></span>) denotes the being, typically an animal or mythical entity, a particular <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a> deity is said to use as a vehicle. In this capacity, the vāhana is often called the deity's "mount". Upon the partnership between the deity and his vāhana is woven much <a href="/wiki/Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu iconography">iconography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu theology</a>. Deities are often depicted riding (or simply mounted upon) the vāhana. Other times, the vāhana is depicted at the deity's side or symbolically represented as a divine attribute. The vāhana may be considered an <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/accoutrement" class="extiw" title="wikt:accoutrement">accoutrement</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the deity: though the vāhana may act independently, they are still functionally emblematic or even <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/syntagmatic" class="extiw" title="wikt:syntagmatic">syntagmatic</a> of their "rider". The deity may be seen sitting or standing on the vāhana. They may be sitting on a small platform, or riding on a saddle or bareback.<sup id="cite_ref-GLOSSARY_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GLOSSARY-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Vah</i> in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> means to carry or transport. The word also means '<a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicle</a>' in Sanskrit and other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Asia" title="Languages of South Asia">Indian languages</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbolism">Symbolism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Symbolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Hindu <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a>, positive aspects of the vehicle are often <a href="/wiki/Emblem" title="Emblem">emblematic</a> of the deity that it carries. <a href="/wiki/Nandi_bull" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandi bull">Nandi</a> the bull, vehicle of <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, represents strength and virility. Dinka the mouse, vehicle of <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a>, represents speed and sharpness. Parvani the peacock, vehicle of <a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a>, represents splendor and majesty. The <a href="/wiki/Hamsa_(bird)" title="Hamsa (bird)">hamsa</a>, vehicle of <a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a>, represents wisdom, grace, and beauty. </p><p>However, the vehicle animal also symbolizes the evil forces over which the deity dominates. Mounted on Parvani, Kartikeya reins in the peacock's vanity. Seated on Dinka the rat (Mushika), Ganesha crushes useless thoughts, which multiply like rats in the dark. <a href="/wiki/Shani" title="Shani">Shani</a>, protector of property, has a vulture, raven, or crow within whom he represses thieving tendencies. Under Shani's influence, the vahana can make even malevolent events bring hope. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garuda">Garuda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Garuda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a>, and his story of becoming the mount of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>, is richly detailed in Hindu texts. Born to <a href="/wiki/Vinata" title="Vinata">Vinata</a> and bearing the power of <a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a>'s penance, the demigod is anguished to find that his mother is enslaved by the cruel <a href="/wiki/Kadru" title="Kadru">Kadru</a>. When he pleaded with Kadru to free his mother, the latter demanded the nectar of immortality as the price of her liberty. His legend of securing <a href="/wiki/Amrita" title="Amrita">amrita</a>, the nectar of immortality, is described in the episode known as <i>Amṛtakalaśāpaharaṇam</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>:</i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Garuḍa approached the pot of nectar, and Viśvakarmā who attacked him first was felled to the ground. The dust storm raised by the waving of Garuḍa’s wings blinded everybody. The Devas and Indra, nay, even the sun and the Moon lined up against Garuḍa, but he defeated them all, and entered the particular place where the pot of nectar was kept. Two terrific wheels were rotating round the pot and they would cut into mince-meat anybody who tried to lay hands on the pot and a machine circled the wheels. Below the wheels were two monstrous serpents with glowing eyes and protruding tongues like flashes of fire, and the serpents never closed their eyes. The very look with those eyes was enough to poison anyone to death. Garuḍa blinded those eyes by raising a torrent of dust, pierced them in the middle with his beak and through the hole, his body reduced to such a tiny shape, went nearer to the pot. He destroyed the wheels and the machine, and carrying the pot of nectar in his beaks rose to the sky shielding the light of the sun by his outspread wings. Mahāviṣṇu, who became so much pleased with the tremendous achievements of Garuḍa asked him to choose any boon. Garuḍa requested Viṣṇu that he should be made his (Viṣṇu's) vehicle and rendered immortal without his tasting amṛta. Both the boons were granted.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mushika">Mushika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mushika"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the god <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a> was still a child, a giant mouse began to terrorize all his friends. Ganesha trapped him with his <a href="/wiki/Pasha_(Hinduism)" title="Pasha (Hinduism)">lasso</a> and made him his mount. Mushika was originally a <a href="/wiki/Gandharva" title="Gandharva">gandharva</a>, or celestial musician. After absent mindedly walking over the feet of a <a href="/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi">rishi</a> (sage) named Vamadeva, Mushika was cursed and transformed into a mouse. However, after the rishi recovered his temper, he promised Mushika that one day, the gods themselves would bow down before him. The prophecy was fulfilled when the mouse became the vahana of Ganesha. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nandi">Nandi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nandi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before becoming the vehicle of Shiva, Nandi was a deity called <a href="/wiki/Nandi_(Hinduism)" title="Nandi (Hinduism)">Nandikeshvara</a>, lord of joy and master of music and dance. Then, without warning, his name and his functions were transferred to the aspect of Shiva known as the deity <a href="/wiki/Nataraja" title="Nataraja">Nataraja</a>. From half-man, half-bull, he became simply a bull. Since that time, he has watched over each of Shiva's temples, always looking towards him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paravani">Paravani</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Paravani"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a>, the war-god known as Murugan in <a href="/wiki/Southern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern India">Southern India</a>, is mounted on a peacock named Paravani. This peacock was originally a demon called <a href="/wiki/Surapadma" class="mw-redirect" title="Surapadma">Surapadma</a>, while the rooster was called the angel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krichi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krichi (page does not exist)">Krichi</a>. After provoking Murugan in combat, the demon repented at the moment his lance descended upon him. He took the form of a tree and began to pray. The tree was cut in two. From one half, Murugan pulled a <a href="/wiki/Rooster" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooster">rooster</a>, which he made his emblem, and from the other, a peacock, which he made his mount. In another version, Karthikeya was born to kill the demon, <a href="/wiki/Tarakasura" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarakasura">Tarakasura</a>. He was raised by the <a href="/wiki/Krittika" title="Krittika">Krittikas</a> and led the divine armies when he was 6 days old. It is said that after defeating Tarakasura, the god forgave him and transformed him into his ride, the peacock. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compared_to_other_belief_systems">Compared to other belief systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Compared to other belief systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The animal correspondences of Hindu vehicles are not consistent with <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman mythology</a>, or other belief systems which may tie a particular animal to a particular deity. For example, the goddess <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a> of the Hindus has elephants, or an owl, or (a rare instance of a non-animal vehicle) the lotus blossom as her vehicle. The goddess <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> of ancient <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> also had an owl as her emblematic familiar, but the meanings invested in the owls by the two different belief systems are not the same, nor are the two goddesses themselves similar, despite their mutual identification with owls. </p><p>Lakshmi is, among other things, primarily the goddess of wealth, and her owl is a warning against distrust and isolationism, even selfishness. Athena, though also a goddess of prosperity, is primarily the goddess of wisdom, and her owl symbolizes secret knowledge and scholarship. Perhaps due to their shared geography, the Greco-Roman interpretation is paralleled in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a>, in which <a href="/wiki/St._Jerome" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Jerome">St. Jerome</a>, most famed for editing the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, is often (though not always) depicted with an owl as a symbol of wisdom and scholarship.<sup id="cite_ref-NMSU_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NMSU-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on the tribe, <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> religious iconography attributes a wide range of attributes to the owl, both positive and negative, as do the <a href="/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> cultures, but none parallel the Hindu attributes assigned to the owl as Lakshmi's divine vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-OP_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OP-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some hold that similar analyses could be performed cross-culturally for any of the other Hindu divine vehicles, and in each case, any parallels with the values assigned to animal totems in other cultures are likely to be either coincidence, or inevitable (as in linking bulls to virility), rather than evidence of parallel development. In <a href="/wiki/Dialectic" title="Dialectic">dialectic</a>, this is countered by the retort that each totem or vahana, as an aspect of <i><a href="/wiki/Ishta-devata" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishta-devata">ishta-devata</a></i> (or an <i>ishta-devata</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Asura" title="Asura">asura</a></i> in its own right), has innumerable ineffable teachings, <a href="/wiki/Insight" title="Insight">insights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prajna_(Vedic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prajna (Vedic)">spiritual wisdom</a>; comparative analysis yields benefit, though knowledge and understanding is not served by collapsing their qualities into homogenous <a href="/wiki/Sign_(semiotics)" title="Sign (semiotics)">signification</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_vahanas">List of vahanas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: List of vahanas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Vahana </th> <th>Deities associated </th> <th>Image </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mouse" title="Mouse">Mouse</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a> (pictured)<br /><a href="/wiki/Vinayaki" title="Vinayaki">Vinayaki</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Karni_Mata" title="Karni Mata">Karni Mata</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thajavur_Ganesha.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ganesha riding his mouse"><img alt="Ganesha riding his mouse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Thajavur_Ganesha.jpg/120px-Thajavur_Ganesha.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Thajavur_Ganesha.jpg/180px-Thajavur_Ganesha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Thajavur_Ganesha.jpg/241px-Thajavur_Ganesha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4157" data-file-height="4493" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">Horse</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revanta" title="Revanta">Revanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandra" title="Chandra">Chandra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a> (pictured), <a href="/wiki/Khandoba" title="Khandoba">Khandoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayyappan" title="Ayyappan">Ayyappan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ushas" title="Ushas">Ushas</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mhalsa" title="Mhalsa">Mhalsa</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suryatanjore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="framless"><img alt="framless" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Suryatanjore.jpg/120px-Suryatanjore.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Suryatanjore.jpg/250px-Suryatanjore.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="669" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a> (pictured)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavi_(Matrika_goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnavi (Matrika goddess)">Vaishnavi</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Garuda_by_Hyougushi_in_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Garuda_by_Hyougushi_in_Delhi.jpg/120px-Garuda_by_Hyougushi_in_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Garuda_by_Hyougushi_in_Delhi.jpg/250px-Garuda_by_Hyougushi_in_Delhi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nandi_(bull)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandi (bull)">Nandi</a> (pictured)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matrikas" title="Matrikas">Maheshvari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ishana" title="Ishana">Ishana</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ishvari" title="Ishvari">Ishvari</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SaivismFlag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SaivismFlag.svg/120px-SaivismFlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SaivismFlag.svg/250px-SaivismFlag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="495" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">Ram</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a> (pictured), <a href="/wiki/Mangala" title="Mangala">Mangala</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Svaha" title="Svaha">Svaha</a><br />Dhavdi Mata</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Agni_18th_century_miniature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Agni_18th_century_miniature.jpg/100px-Agni_18th_century_miniature.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Agni_18th_century_miniature.jpg/149px-Agni_18th_century_miniature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Agni_18th_century_miniature.jpg/199px-Agni_18th_century_miniature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="349" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peacock" class="mw-redirect" title="Peacock">Peacock</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a> (pictured), <a href="/wiki/Matrikas" title="Matrikas">Kaumari</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/100px-Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/150px-Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/200px-Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2545" data-file-height="3474" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Dog</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhairava" title="Bhairava">Bhairava</a> (pictured)<br />Hadkai mata</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhairava_Brahma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bhairava_Brahma.jpg/100px-Bhairava_Brahma.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bhairava_Brahma.jpg/150px-Bhairava_Brahma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bhairava_Brahma.jpg/200px-Bhairava_Brahma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2156" data-file-height="2256" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamsa_(bird)" title="Hamsa (bird)">Hamsa</a> (pictured)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a><sup id="cite_ref-GLOSSARY_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GLOSSARY-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Brahmani_(Matrika)" title="Brahmani (Matrika)">Brahmani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gayatri" title="Gayatri">Gayatri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamsa,_the_swan_vehicle_of_Brahma_(6124587167).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hamsa%2C_the_swan_vehicle_of_Brahma_%286124587167%29.jpg/120px-Hamsa%2C_the_swan_vehicle_of_Brahma_%286124587167%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hamsa%2C_the_swan_vehicle_of_Brahma_%286124587167%29.jpg/250px-Hamsa%2C_the_swan_vehicle_of_Brahma_%286124587167%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="381" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Makara_(Hindu_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makara (Hindu mythology)">Makara</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ganga_(goddess)" title="Ganga (goddess)">Ganga (pictured)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akilandeswari" title="Akilandeswari">Akhilandeshwari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khodiyar" title="Khodiyar">Khodiyar</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lopamudra" title="Lopamudra">Kaveri</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tapati" title="Tapati">Tapati</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rivers_in_Hinduism" title="Rivers in Hinduism">Various river goddesses</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganga_Kalighat_1875.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ganga_Kalighat_1875.jpg/100px-Ganga_Kalighat_1875.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ganga_Kalighat_1875.jpg/150px-Ganga_Kalighat_1875.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ganga_Kalighat_1875.jpg/199px-Ganga_Kalighat_1875.jpg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Tiger</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chandraghanta" title="Chandraghanta">Chandraghanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kushmanda" title="Kushmanda">Kushmanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rahu" title="Rahu">Rahu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayyappan" title="Ayyappan">Ayyappan</a> (pictured)<br /><a href="/wiki/Vaishno_Devi" title="Vaishno Devi">Vaishno Devi</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayyappa_Swamy_bazaar_art,_c.1950%27s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ayyappa_Swamy_bazaar_art%2C_c.1950%27s.jpg/85px-Ayyappa_Swamy_bazaar_art%2C_c.1950%27s.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ayyappa_Swamy_bazaar_art%2C_c.1950%27s.jpg/127px-Ayyappa_Swamy_bazaar_art%2C_c.1950%27s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ayyappa_Swamy_bazaar_art%2C_c.1950%27s.jpg/169px-Ayyappa_Swamy_bazaar_art%2C_c.1950%27s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="741" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">Lion</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Skandamata" title="Skandamata">Skandamata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katyayani" title="Katyayani">Katyayani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a> (pictured), <a href="/wiki/Budha" title="Budha">Budha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandi" title="Chandi">Chandika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariamman" title="Mariamman">Mariamman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamakhya" title="Kamakhya">Kamakhya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pratyangira" title="Pratyangira">Narasimhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaushiki" title="Kaushiki">Kaushiki</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avad_mata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avad mata (page does not exist)">Avad mata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jagaddhatri" title="Jagaddhatri">Jagaddhatri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Goddess_Parvati_and_her_son_Ganesha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Goddess_Parvati_and_her_son_Ganesha.jpg/120px-Goddess_Parvati_and_her_son_Ganesha.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Goddess_Parvati_and_her_son_Ganesha.jpg/250px-Goddess_Parvati_and_her_son_Ganesha.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="886" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">Elephant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a> (pictured), <a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sachi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sachi">Shachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brihaspati" title="Brihaspati">Brihaspati</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indra_deva.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Indra_deva.jpg/120px-Indra_deva.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Indra_deva.jpg/250px-Indra_deva.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="1221" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Parrot" title="Parrot">Parrot</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meenakshi" title="Meenakshi">Meenakshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a> (pictured), <a href="/wiki/Rati" title="Rati">Rati</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamadeva1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Kamadeva1.jpg/120px-Kamadeva1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Kamadeva1.jpg/250px-Kamadeva1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antelope" title="Antelope">Antelope</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chandra" title="Chandra">Chandra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a> (pictured)</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vayu_Deva.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Vayu_Deva.jpg/120px-Vayu_Deva.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Vayu_Deva.jpg/250px-Vayu_Deva.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="685" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Domestic_Asian_water_buffalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic Asian water buffalo">Water buffalo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yama_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yama (Hinduism)">Yama</a> (pictured), <a href="/wiki/Varahi" title="Varahi">Varahi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhandai_Devi" title="Dhandai Devi">Dhandai Devi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chamunda" title="Chamunda">Chamunda</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yama_on_buffalo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Yama_on_buffalo.jpg/120px-Yama_on_buffalo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Yama_on_buffalo.jpg/250px-Yama_on_buffalo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2477" data-file-height="2665" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Cat</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shashthi" title="Shashthi">Shashthi</a> (pictured)</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shashthi_Arnab_Dutta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Shashthi_Arnab_Dutta.jpg/120px-Shashthi_Arnab_Dutta.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Shashthi_Arnab_Dutta.jpg/250px-Shashthi_Arnab_Dutta.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2551" data-file-height="3667" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">Donkey</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalaratri" title="Kalaratri">Kalaratri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shitala" title="Shitala">Shitala</a> (pictured), <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alakshmi" title="Alakshmi">Alakshmi</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalighat_Shitala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Kalighat_Shitala.jpg/100px-Kalighat_Shitala.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Kalighat_Shitala.jpg/149px-Kalighat_Shitala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Kalighat_Shitala.jpg/199px-Kalighat_Shitala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="487" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Owl" title="Owl">Owl</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a> (pictured)<sup id="cite_ref-GLOSSARY_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GLOSSARY-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HDLak_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDLak-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Chamunda" title="Chamunda">Chamunda</a><br /><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81la" title="Kāla">Kāla</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lakshmi_02349.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Lakshmi_02349.JPG/120px-Lakshmi_02349.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Lakshmi_02349.JPG/250px-Lakshmi_02349.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vulture" title="Vulture">Vulture</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ketu_(mythology)" title="Ketu (mythology)">Ketu</a> (pictured), <a href="/wiki/Shani" title="Shani">Shani</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Alakshmi" title="Alakshmi">Alakshmi </a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nir%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Nirṛti">Nirṛti</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ketu_graha.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Ketu_graha.JPG/120px-Ketu_graha.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Ketu_graha.JPG/250px-Ketu_graha.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1684" data-file-height="2024" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crow" title="Crow">Crow</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shani" title="Shani">Shani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhumavati" title="Dhumavati">Dhumavati</a> (pictured)<br /><a href="/wiki/Jyestha_(goddess)" title="Jyestha (goddess)">Jyestha</a></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhumavati.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Dhumavati.JPG/100px-Dhumavati.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Dhumavati.JPG/150px-Dhumavati.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Dhumavati.JPG/200px-Dhumavati.JPG 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="440" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tortoise" title="Tortoise">Tortoise</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yamuna_in_Hinduism" title="Yamuna in Hinduism">Yamuna</a> (pictured)</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yamuna,_personificazione_del_fiume_sacro_yamuna,_IX_sec.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Yamuna%2C_personificazione_del_fiume_sacro_yamuna%2C_IX_sec.JPG/75px-Yamuna%2C_personificazione_del_fiume_sacro_yamuna%2C_IX_sec.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Yamuna%2C_personificazione_del_fiume_sacro_yamuna%2C_IX_sec.JPG/112px-Yamuna%2C_personificazione_del_fiume_sacro_yamuna%2C_IX_sec.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Yamuna%2C_personificazione_del_fiume_sacro_yamuna%2C_IX_sec.JPG/150px-Yamuna%2C_personificazione_del_fiume_sacro_yamuna%2C_IX_sec.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1352" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cockerel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockerel">Cockerel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahuchara_Mata" title="Bahuchara Mata">Bahuchara Mata</a> (pictured)</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahuchara_Devi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bahuchara_Devi.jpg/120px-Bahuchara_Devi.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bahuchara_Devi.jpg/250px-Bahuchara_Devi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="862" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow">Cow</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a> (pictured), <a href="/wiki/Shailaputri" title="Shailaputri">Shailaputri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahagauri" title="Mahagauri">Mahagauri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a><br />Umiya Maa <br />Gatrad maa</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravi_Varma-Dattatreya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ravi_Varma-Dattatreya.jpg/82px-Ravi_Varma-Dattatreya.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ravi_Varma-Dattatreya.jpg/123px-Ravi_Varma-Dattatreya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ravi_Varma-Dattatreya.jpg/164px-Ravi_Varma-Dattatreya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="1059" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Snake" title="Snake">Snake</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manasa" title="Manasa">Manasa</a> (pictured)<br /> naagbai mata<br />Nageswari mata</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manasa_Devi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Manasa_Devi.jpg/100px-Manasa_Devi.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Manasa_Devi.jpg/150px-Manasa_Devi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Manasa_Devi.jpg/200px-Manasa_Devi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3515" data-file-height="4805" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Corpse (Betāl)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamunda" title="Chamunda">Chamunda</a> (pictured), Smashana Kali</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Hindu_Goddess_Chamunda_LACMA_M.80.3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/The_Hindu_Goddess_Chamunda_LACMA_M.80.3.jpg/120px-The_Hindu_Goddess_Chamunda_LACMA_M.80.3.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/The_Hindu_Goddess_Chamunda_LACMA_M.80.3.jpg/250px-The_Hindu_Goddess_Chamunda_LACMA_M.80.3.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4621" data-file-height="4911" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Mongoose</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a> (pictured)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bhadra" title="Bhadra">Bhadra</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SAMA_Kubera_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/SAMA_Kubera_1.jpg/100px-SAMA_Kubera_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/SAMA_Kubera_1.jpg/150px-SAMA_Kubera_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/SAMA_Kubera_1.jpg/199px-SAMA_Kubera_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Man" title="Man">Man</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nir%E1%B9%9Bti_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirṛti (god)">Nirrti</a> (pictured), Kubera, Bhadrā Devi </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nirrtti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Nirrtti.jpg/120px-Nirrtti.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Nirrtti.jpg/250px-Nirrtti.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="1740" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Duck" title="Duck">Duck</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manasa" title="Manasa">Manasa</a> (pictured)<br /> <br /></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manasa_Devi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Manasa_Devi.jpg/100px-Manasa_Devi.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Manasa_Devi.jpg/150px-Manasa_Devi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Manasa_Devi.jpg/200px-Manasa_Devi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3515" data-file-height="4805" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilish" title="Ilish">Ilish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jhulelal_(Hinduism)" title="Jhulelal (Hinduism)">Jhulelal</a> <br /></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jhulelal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jhulelal.jpg/100px-Jhulelal.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jhulelal.jpg/150px-Jhulelal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jhulelal.jpg/200px-Jhulelal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="696" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">Camel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanumanji" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanumanji">Hanumanji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Momai" title="Momai">Momai</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jackal" title="Jackal">Jackal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shivaduti" title="Shivaduti">Shivaduti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">Dhole</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamunda" title="Chamunda">Chamunda</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">Goat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meldi_Mata" title="Meldi Mata">Meldi Mata</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Gel maa </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">Gaur</a> </td> <td>Paplaj Mata<br />Verai Maa </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhagavata_Purana_manuscript,_18_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An old-looking paper manuscript page with Sanskrit text and colorful illustrations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bhagavata_Purana_manuscript%2C_18_century.jpg/330px-Bhagavata_Purana_manuscript%2C_18_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bhagavata_Purana_manuscript%2C_18_century.jpg/500px-Bhagavata_Purana_manuscript%2C_18_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bhagavata_Purana_manuscript%2C_18_century.jpg/960px-Bhagavata_Purana_manuscript%2C_18_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2418" data-file-height="1861" /></a><figcaption>A Bhagavata Purana manuscript page depicting the story of <a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anasuya" title="Anasuya">Anasuya</a> meeting the <a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> riding on their respective vahanas. (PhP 4.1.21-25). (Paper, late 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>These correspondences are not always consistent. Ganesha, for example, is sometimes shown with a peacock as his vehicle. Even more rarely, the elephant-headed Ganesh may be seen riding an elephant, or a lion, or a many-headed serpent (See <a href="/wiki/Ganesha#Vahanas" title="Ganesha">Ganesha's Vahanas</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-GANAPTI_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GANAPTI-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>vahana</i>, the mount or vehicle of a deity, serves the function of doubling a deity's powers. The vahana also represents the devotee's mind which allows the deity to guide the devotee. Durga the warrioress could not have destroyed the demon <a href="/wiki/Mahishasura" title="Mahishasura">Mahishasura</a> without the aid of her vehicle, lion, which was given by her father Himalaya, for the stated purpose. Lakshmi, goddess of fortune, dispenses both material and spiritual riches from her mount, Uluka the owl. Ganesha, remover of obstacles, cannot go everywhere despite his elephant-like strength. However, his vehicle, Mushika the mouse, who can crawl into the smallest crevice or Akhuketana the rat, who can survive just about anywhere, can assist Ganesha to overcome the greatest obstacles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Hindu deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu iconography">Hindu iconography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_deities" title="List of Hindu deities">List of Hindu deities</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Accoutrement = "that which accompanies".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GLOSSARY-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GLOSSARY_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLOSSARY_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLOSSARY_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ganapati.club.fr/anglais/aglossaryv.html#vahana">Glossary: Vahana</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205170026/http://ganapati.club.fr/anglais/aglossaryv.html#vahana">Archived</a> 2009-02-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Undated. Accessed August 10, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFwww.wisdomlib.org2021" class="citation web cs1">www.wisdomlib.org (2021-08-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/essay/animal-kingdom-tiryak-in-epics/d/doc825653.html">"Animals as vehicles of Gods [Chapter 2.7]"</a>. <i>www.wisdomlib.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220811075831/https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/essay/animal-kingdom-tiryak-in-epics/d/doc825653.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wisdomlib.org&rft.atitle=Animals+as+vehicles+of+Gods+%5BChapter+2.7%5D&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft.au=www.wisdomlib.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisdomlib.org%2Fhinduism%2Fessay%2Fanimal-kingdom-tiryak-in-epics%2Fd%2Fdoc825653.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVahana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/kannada-english/vahana/vahana-meaning-in-english">"vahana meaning in English | vahana translation in English"</a>. <i>SHABDKOSH</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SHABDKOSH&rft.atitle=vahana+meaning+in+English+%26%23124%3B+vahana+translation+in+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shabdkosh.com%2Fdictionary%2Fkannada-english%2Fvahana%2Fvahana-meaning-in-english&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVahana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFwww.wisdomlib.org2019" class="citation web cs1">www.wisdomlib.org (2019-01-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241592.html">"Story of Garuḍa"</a>. <i>www.wisdomlib.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220811075832/https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241592.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wisdomlib.org&rft.atitle=Story+of+Garu%E1%B8%8Da&rft.date=2019-01-28&rft.au=www.wisdomlib.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisdomlib.org%2Fhinduism%2Fcompilation%2Fpuranic-encyclopaedia%2Fd%2Fdoc241592.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVahana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NMSU-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NMSU_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artdepartment.nmsu.edu/faculty/zarursite/retablo/col-saints.html">The Collection: St. Jerome</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022221000/http://artdepartment.nmsu.edu/faculty/zarursite/retablo/col-saints.html">Archived</a> 2012-10-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, gallery of the religious art collection of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_State_University" title="New Mexico State University">New Mexico State University</a>, with explanations. Accessed August 10, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OP-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OP_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.owlpages.com/articles.php?section=Owl+Mythology&title=Owls+Lore+Culture&page=3">Owl and Mythology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060522220935/http://www.owlpages.com/articles.php?section=Owl+Mythology&title=Owls+Lore+Culture&page=3">Archived</a> 2006-05-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 3. Accessed August 10, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rajras.in/rajasthan/culture/religion/lok-devta-devi/">"Folk Deity: Lok Devta & Devis of Rajasthan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713055931/https://www.rajras.in/rajasthan/culture/religion/lok-devta-devi/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Folk+Deity%3A+Lok+Devta+%26+Devis+of+Rajasthan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rajras.in%2Frajasthan%2Fculture%2Freligion%2Flok-devta-devi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVahana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omsakthi.org/goddess/chamundi.html">"Goddess Chamundi"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220712104249/http://www.omsakthi.org/goddess/chamundi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Goddess+Chamundi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omsakthi.org%2Fgoddess%2Fchamundi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVahana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Margaret Stutley's <i>The Illustrated Dictionary of Hindu Iconography</i> , p. 127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDLak-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDLak_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234858/http://www.hindudevotion.com/lakshmi.html">Hindu Devotion: Lakshmi</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup>. Accessed August 10, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebluedrive.com/2016/08/31/mithapurshivarjpur-nageshwar/">"19. Mithapur,Shivarjpur, Nageshwar"</a>. 31 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713061607/https://thebluedrive.com/2016/08/31/mithapurshivarjpur-nageshwar/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=19.+Mithapur%2CShivarjpur%2C+Nageshwar&rft.date=2016-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebluedrive.com%2F2016%2F08%2F31%2Fmithapurshivarjpur-nageshwar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVahana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drikpanchang.com/hindu-goddesses/parvati/matrika/sapta-matrika.html">"Sapta Matrika | 7 Matara - Seven Forms of Goddess Shakti"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220712104249/https://www.drikpanchang.com/hindu-goddesses/parvati/matrika/sapta-matrika.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sapta+Matrika+%26%23124%3B+7+Matara+-+Seven+Forms+of+Goddess+Shakti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drikpanchang.com%2Fhindu-goddesses%2Fparvati%2Fmatrika%2Fsapta-matrika.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVahana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/gods-outside-temples/articleshow/69499083.cms">"Gods outside temples"</a>. <i>Mumbai Mirror</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mumbai+Mirror&rft.atitle=Gods+outside+temples&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmumbaimirror.indiatimes.com%2Fothers%2Fsunday-read%2Fgods-outside-temples%2Farticleshow%2F69499083.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVahana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoshi1994" class="citation book cs1">Joshi, Om Prakash (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-kzsAAAAIAAJ&q=meldi+mata"><i>Gods of Heaven, Home of Gods: A Study of Popular Prints</i></a>. Illustrated Book Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85683-05-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85683-05-8"><bdi>978-81-85683-05-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gods+of+Heaven%2C+Home+of+Gods%3A+A+Study+of+Popular+Prints&rft.pub=Illustrated+Book+Publishers&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-81-85683-05-8&rft.aulast=Joshi&rft.aufirst=Om+Prakash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-kzsAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dmeldi%2Bmata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVahana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GANAPTI-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GANAPTI_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ganapati.club.fr/anglais/adetform2.html">Forms of Ganesh: The Mouse Mount and Other Ganesh Mounts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070302140610/http://ganapati.club.fr/anglais/adetform2.html">Archived</a> 2007-03-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed August 10, 2007.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vahana&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vahana" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vahana">Vahana</a></span>.</div></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/40px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/60px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/80px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiversity has learning resources about <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Yoga_oracle#129_Power_Animal" class="extiw" title="v:Yoga oracle">Yoga oracle#129 Power Animal</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/vehicles/index.htm">Holy Vehicles</a>, an illustrated list. Accessed August 10, 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hinduism.about.com/library/weekly/extra/bl-vehicles.htm">Hindu Deities and Their Vehicles</a>, a partial list at About.Com. Accessed August 10, 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hinduwebsite.com/vehicles.asp">Symbolism of the Vehicles of Gods and Goddesses</a>. Accessed August 10, 2007.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_deities_and_texts170" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_deities_and_texts" title="Template:Hindu deities and texts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_deities_and_texts" title="Template talk:Hindu deities and texts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_deities_and_texts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu deities and texts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_deities_and_texts170" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Hindu deities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">texts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_directions" title="Guardians of the directions">Dikpala</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishana" title="Ishana">Ishana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nir%E1%B9%9Bta" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirṛta">Nirṛta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yama" title="Yama">Yama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Adityas" title="Adityas">Adityas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amsha" title="Amsha">Amsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryaman" title="Aryaman">Aryaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaga" title="Bhaga">Bhaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daksha" title="Daksha">Daksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhatri" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhatri">Dhatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitra_(Hindu_god)" title="Mitra (Hindu god)">Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parjanya" title="Parjanya">Parjanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushan" title="Pushan">Pushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitr" title="Savitr">Savitr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvashtri" class="mw-redirect" title="Tvashtri">Tvashtri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Vivasvat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Navagraha" title="Navagraha">Navagraha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brihaspati" title="Brihaspati">Brihaspati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budha" title="Budha">Budha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra" title="Chandra">Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketu_(mythology)" title="Ketu (mythology)">Ketu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangala" title="Mangala">Mangala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahu" title="Rahu">Rahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shani" title="Shani">Shani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukra" title="Shukra">Shukra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Other Important</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyaus" title="Dyaus">Dyaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamadeva" title="Kamadeva">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(deity)" title="Shasta (deity)">Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_gods" title="Category:Hindu gods">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hindu Om symbol"><img alt="Hindu Om symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/60px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/120px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Goddesses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Prakriti" class="mw-redirect" title="Prakriti">Prakriti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayatri" title="Gayatri">Gayatri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Other Important</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aditi" title="Aditi">Aditi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prithvi" title="Prithvi">Prithvi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaya" title="Chhaya">Chhaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_(goddess)" title="Ganga (goddess)">Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrani" title="Indrani">Shachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidyas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahavidyas">Mahavidyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrikas" title="Matrikas">Matrikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rati" title="Rati">Rati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohini (goddess)">Rohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjna" title="Sanjna">Sanjna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Hindu_goddess)" title="Sati (Hindu goddess)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashthi" title="Shashthi">Shashthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushas" title="Ushas">Ushas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamuna_in_Hinduism" title="Yamuna in Hinduism">Yami</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara">Apsaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asura" title="Asura">Asuras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daitya" title="Daitya">Daitya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danava_(Hinduism)" title="Danava (Hinduism)">Danava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandharva" title="Gandharva">Gandharvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gana" title="Gana">Gana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramadevata" title="Gramadevata">Gramadevatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuladevata" title="Kuladevata">Kuladevatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinnara" title="Kinnara">Kinnaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimpurushas" title="Kimpurushas">Kimpurushas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maruts" title="Maruts">Maruts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitri" title="Pitri">Pitṛs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakshasa" title="Rakshasa">Rakshasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudras" title="Rudras">Rudras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribhus" title="Ribhus">Ribhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhyas" title="Sadhyas">Sadhyas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vahanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasu" title="Vasu">Vasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyadhara" title="Vidyadhara">Vidyadharas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaksha" title="Yaksha">Yakshas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yakshini" title="Yakshini">Yakshini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Texts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_texts" title="Category:Hindu texts">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu mythology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vahana&oldid=1280224655">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vahana&oldid=1280224655</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_deities" title="Category:Hindu deities">Hindu deities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_iconography" title="Category:Hindu iconography">Hindu iconography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animals_in_Hinduism" title="Category:Animals in Hinduism">Animals in Hinduism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Hindu legendary creatures">Hindu legendary creatures</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2016" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2016">Articles needing additional references from March 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Sanskrit-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Sanskrit-language text">Articles containing Sanskrit-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 March 2025, at 08:51<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vahana&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><i>Vahana</i></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>26 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65585cc8dc-q7pbg","wgBackendResponseTime":126,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.453","walltime":"0.621","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1601,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":59675,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2360,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":50593,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 481.637 1 -total"," 23.45% 112.949 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.85% 95.610 2 Template:Langx"," 16.94% 81.570 8 Template:Cite_web"," 14.20% 68.372 1 Template:Hindu_Culture_and_Epics"," 14.08% 67.838 3 Template:Navbox"," 10.53% 50.712 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 10.47% 50.423 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.75% 46.957 1 Template:Ambox"," 7.41% 35.683 1 Template:Commons_category"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.279","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24310680,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-684955989f-j5n8h","timestamp":"20250331174813","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Vahana","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vahana","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q167681","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q167681","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-05-29T07:44:27Z","dateModified":"2025-03-13T08:51:18Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/da\/Ashta-Matrika.jpg","headline":"animal or mythical entity that a particular Hindu deity uses as vehicle"}</script> </body> </html>