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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conscious_and_unconscious"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Conscious and unconscious </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conscious_and_unconscious-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_distinctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_distinctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Other distinctions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_distinctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faculties_and_modules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faculties_and_modules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Faculties and modules </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faculties_and_modules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theories_of_the_nature_of_mind" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theories_of_the_nature_of_mind"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Theories of the nature of mind </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theories_of_the_nature_of_mind-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_to_matter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_to_matter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Relation to matter </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relation_to_matter-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Relation to matter subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Relation_to_matter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mind–body_problem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mind–body_problem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Mind–body problem </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mind–body_problem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brain_areas_and_processes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brain_areas_and_processes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Brain areas and processes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brain_areas_and_processes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Development </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Development subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Evolution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Individual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Individual </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-human" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-human"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Non-human </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Non-human-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Non-human subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Non-human-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Animal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Animal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artificial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artificial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Artificial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artificial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mental_health_and_disorder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mental_health_and_disorder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Mental health and disorder </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mental_health_and_disorder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fields_and_methods_of_inquiry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fields_and_methods_of_inquiry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Fields and methods of inquiry </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fields_and_methods_of_inquiry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Fields and methods of inquiry subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Fields_and_methods_of_inquiry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Psychology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Psychology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neuroscience" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neuroscience"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Neuroscience </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neuroscience-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophy_of_mind" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophy_of_mind"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Philosophy of mind </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophy_of_mind-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cognitive_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cognitive_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Cognitive science </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cognitive_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_to_other_fields" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_to_other_fields"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Relation to other fields </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_to_other_fields-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Mind</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 138 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-138" aria-hidden="true" > 138 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gees_(mens)" title="Gees (mens) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gees (mens)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%95%E1%88%9D%E1%88%AE" title="አዕምሮ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አዕምሮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="मन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84" title="عقل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mente" title="Mente – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mente" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A5%D5%AC%D6%84" title="Խելք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Խելք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8" title="মন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mente" title="Mente – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mente" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="मन – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apytu%27%C5%A9_(arandupykuaaty)" title="Apytu'ũ (arandupykuaaty) – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Apytu'ũ (arandupykuaaty)" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9F%C4%B1l" title="Ağıl – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ağıl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%87%D9%86" title="ذهن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ذهن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8" title="মন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sim" title="Sim – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sim" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Аҡыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аҡыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Розум – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Розум" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Розум – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Розум" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="मन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isip" title="Isip – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Isip" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC" title="Ум – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ум" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geist" title="Geist – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Geist" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um" title="Um – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Um" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spered" title="Spered – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Spered" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ment" title="Ment – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ment" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%82%D1%81" title="Ăс – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ăс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysl" title="Mysl – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mysl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfungwa" title="Pfungwa – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Pfungwa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_meddwl" title="Y meddwl – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y meddwl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sind" title="Sind – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sind" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84" title="عقل – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عقل" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verstand" title="Verstand – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verstand" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="मन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaim_(mens)" title="Vaim (mens) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vaim (mens)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mente" title="Mente – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menso" title="Menso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Menso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gogamen" title="Gogamen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gogamen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%87%D9%86" title="ذهن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ذهن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man" title="Man – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Man" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esprit" title="Esprit – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Esprit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intinn" title="Intinn – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Intinn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mente" title="Mente – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mente" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%99%BA" title="心智 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="心智" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%8C" title="마음 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hankali" title="Hankali – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hankali" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waihona_no%CA%BBono%CA%BBo" title="Waihona noʻonoʻo – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Waihona noʻonoʻo" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A5%D5%AC%D6%84" title="Խելք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խելք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="मन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um" title="Um – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Um" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mento" title="Mento – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isip" title="Isip – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Isip" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budi" title="Budi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Budi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mente" title="Mente – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mente" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingqondo" title="Ingqondo – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ingqondo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingqondo" title="Ingqondo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ingqondo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugur" title="Hugur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hugur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mente" title="Mente – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%AA" title="דעת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דעת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fezuu_(esprit)" title="Fezuu (esprit) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Fezuu (esprit)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81" title="ಮನಸ್ಸು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮನಸ್ಸು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Сана – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сана" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brys" title="Brys – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Brys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akili_ya_binadamu" title="Akili ya binadamu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Akili ya binadamu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lespri" title="Lespri – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lespri" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB-%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Акыл-эс – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Акыл-эс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ຈິດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຈິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens" title="Mens – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mens" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C4%81ts" title="Prāts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Prāts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protas" title="Protas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Protas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geis" title="Geis – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Geis" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mente" title="Mente – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mente" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ment" title="Ment – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ment" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="मन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC" title="Ум – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saina" title="Saina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Saina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മനസ്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മനസ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="मन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="စိုတ် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="စိုတ်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%87%D9%86" title="ذهن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ذهن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minda" title="Minda – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Minda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akabudi" title="Akabudi – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Akabudi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mente" title="Mente – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Mente" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="စိတ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စိတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verstand" title="Verstand – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verstand" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="मन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="मस्तिष्क – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मस्तिष्क" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%83" title="心 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="心" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wees" title="Wees – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wees" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinn" title="Sinn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sinn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinn" title="Sinn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sinn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperit" title="Esperit – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Esperit" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qorqalbii" title="Qorqalbii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Qorqalbii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ong" title="Ong – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ong" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81" title="سیانف – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سیانف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%87%D9%86" title="ذهن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ذهن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main" title="Main – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Main" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ment" title="Ment – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ment" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verstand" title="Verstand – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Verstand" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umys%C5%82" title="Umysł – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Umysł" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mente" title="Mente – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aq%C4%B1l" title="Aqıl – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Aqıl" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minte" title="Minte – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Minte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Розум – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Розум" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC" title="Ум – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ум" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%B9" title="Өй – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Өй" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%83" title="मनः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मनः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱢᱚᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱚᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendja" title="Mendja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mendja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%ACritu_(menti)" title="Spìritu (menti) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Spìritu (menti)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind" title="Mind – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mind" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myse%C4%BE" title="Myseľ – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Myseľ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um" title="Um – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Um" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%86" title="زەین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زەین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC" title="Ум – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um" title="Um – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Um" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mieli" title="Mieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psyke" title="Psyke – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Psyke" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isip" title="Isip – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Isip" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மனம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agerru" title="Agerru – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Agerru" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D2%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Зиһен – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Зиһен" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81" title="మనసు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మనసు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="จิต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จิต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%85%E1%8F%96%E1%8F%99%E1%8F%97" title="ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏙᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏙᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zihin" title="Zihin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zihin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Розум – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Розум" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84" title="عقل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عقل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simlingz" title="Simlingz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Simlingz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2m_tr%C3%AD" title="Tâm trí – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tâm trí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%9C" title="שכל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שכל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E9%9D%88" title="心靈 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="心靈" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aq%C4%B1l" title="Aqıl – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Aqıl" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruots" title="Pruots – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Pruots" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%99%BA" title="心智 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="心智" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisuk" title="Bisuk – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Bisuk" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q450#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Totality of psychological phenomena</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mind_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mind (disambiguation)">Mind (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mental_capacities.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Diagram of mental capacities" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Mental_capacities.svg/220px-Mental_capacities.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Mental_capacities.svg/330px-Mental_capacities.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Mental_capacities.svg/440px-Mental_capacities.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>The mind is responsible for phenomena like <a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">perception</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thought" title="Thought">thought</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feeling" title="Feeling">feeling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Action_(philosophy)" title="Action (philosophy)">action</a>.</figcaption></figure> The mind is that which <a href="/wiki/Thought" title="Thought">thinks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feeling" title="Feeling">feels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">perceives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imagination" title="Imagination">imagines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memory" title="Memory">remembers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Will_(philosophy)" title="Will (philosophy)">wills</a>. The totality of mental phenomena, it includes both <a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">conscious</a> processes, through which an individual is aware of external and internal circumstances, and <a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">unconscious</a> processes, which can influence an individual without intention or awareness. Traditionally, minds were often conceived as separate entities that can exist on their own but are more commonly understood as capacities of material brains in the contemporary discourse. The mind plays a central role in most aspects of human life but its exact nature is disputed. Some characterizations focus on internal aspects, saying that the mind is private and transforms information. Others stress its relation to outward conduct, understanding <a href="/wiki/Mental_state" title="Mental state">mental phenomena</a> as dispositions to engage in observable behavior. The <a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_problem" title="Mind–body problem">mind–body problem</a> is the challenge of explaining the relation between matter and mind. The dominant position today is <a href="/wiki/Physicalism" title="Physicalism">physicalism</a>, which says that everything is material, meaning that minds are certain aspects or features of some material objects. The evolutionary history of the mind is tied to the development of the <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a>, which led to the formation of brains. As brains became more complex, the number and capacity of mental functions increased with particular brain areas dedicated to specific mental functions. Individual human minds also develop as they learn from experience and pass through psychological stages in the process of aging. Some people are affected by <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental disorders</a>, for which certain mental capacities do not function as they should. It is widely accepted that <a href="/wiki/Non-human" title="Non-human">non-human</a> <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a> have some form of mind, but it is controversial to which animals this applies. The topic of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_consciousness" title="Artificial consciousness">artificial minds</a> poses similar challenges, with theorists discussing the possibility and consequences of creating them using computers. The main fields of inquiry studying the mind include <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">neuroscience</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">cognitive science</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>. They tend to focus on different aspects of the mind and employ different methods of investigation, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Empirical_observation" class="mw-redirect" title="Empirical observation">empirical observation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neuroimaging" title="Neuroimaging">neuroimaging</a> to <a href="/wiki/Conceptual_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Conceptual analysis">conceptual analysis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thought_experiments" class="mw-redirect" title="Thought experiments">thought experiments</a>. The mind is relevant to many other fields, including <a href="/wiki/Epistemology" title="Epistemology">epistemology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a>, religion, and education. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition">edit</a>]</div> The mind is the totality of psychological phenomena and capacities, encompassing <a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">consciousness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thought" title="Thought">thought</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">perception</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feeling" title="Feeling">feeling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mood_(psychology)" title="Mood (psychology)">mood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motivation" title="Motivation">motivation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Behavior" title="Behavior">behavior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memory" title="Memory">memory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Learning" title="Learning">learning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> The term is sometimes used in a more narrow sense to refer only to higher or more abstract cognitive functions associated with <a href="/wiki/Logical_reasoning" title="Logical reasoning">reasoning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Awareness" title="Awareness">awareness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Minds were traditionally conceived as immaterial substances or independent entities and contrasted with <a href="/wiki/Matter" title="Matter">matter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physical_object" title="Physical object">body</a>. In the contemporary discourse, they are more commonly seen as features of other entities and are often understood as capacities of material brains.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The precise definition of mind is disputed and while it is generally accepted that some non-human animals also have mind, there is no agreement on where exactly the boundary lies.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Despite these disputes, there is wide agreement that mind plays a central role in most aspects of human life as the seat of consciousness, emotions, thoughts, and sense of personal identity.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Various fields of inquiry study the mind; the main ones include <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">cognitive science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">neuroscience</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The words <a href="/wiki/Psyche_(psychology)" title="Psyche (psychology)">psyche</a> and mentality are usually used as synonyms of mind.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> They are often employed in overlapping ways with the terms <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">soul</a>, spirit, <a href="/wiki/Cognition" title="Cognition">cognition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intellect" title="Intellect">intellect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">intelligence</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> but their meanings are not exactly the same. Some religions understand the soul as an independent entity that constitutes the immaterial essence of human beings, is of divine origin, survives bodily death, and is <a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">immortal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The word spirit has various additional meanings not directly associated with mind, such as <a href="/wiki/Spirit_(animating_force)" title="Spirit (animating force)">a vital principle animating living beings</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Spirit_(supernatural_entity)" title="Spirit (supernatural entity)">supernatural being</a> inhabiting objects or places.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Cognition encompasses certain types of mental processes in which <a href="/wiki/Knowledge" title="Knowledge">knowledge</a> is acquired and <a href="/wiki/Information" title="Information">information</a> processed.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The intellect is one mental capacity responsible for thought, reasoning, and understanding<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and is closely related to intelligence as the ability to acquire, understand, and apply knowledge.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The brain is the physical organ responsible for most or all mental functions.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The modern English word mind originates from the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> word gemynd, meaning "memory". This term gave rise to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> words mind(e), münd(e), and mend(e), resulting in a slow expansion of meaning to cover all mental capacities. The original meaning is preserved in expressions like call to mind and keep in mind. <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">Cognates</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Old_High_German" title="Old High German">Old High German</a> gimunt, the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_language" title="Gothic language">Gothic</a> gamunds, the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> μένος, the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> mens, and the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> manas.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forms">Forms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Forms">edit</a>]</div> The mind encompasses many phenomena, including <a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">perception</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memory" title="Memory">memory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thought" title="Thought">thought</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imagination" title="Imagination">imagination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motivation" title="Motivation">motivation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">emotion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attention" title="Attention">attention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Learning" title="Learning">learning</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">consciousness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Perception is the process of interpreting and organizing <a href="/wiki/Sense_data" title="Sense data">sensory information</a> to become acquainted with the environment. This information is acquired through <a href="/wiki/Sense_organs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sense organs">sense organs</a> receptive to various types of <a href="/wiki/Physical_stimulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical stimulation">physical stimuli</a>, which correspond to different forms of perception, such as <a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">vision</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auditory_perception" class="mw-redirect" title="Auditory perception">hearing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Touch" class="mw-redirect" title="Touch">touch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_perception" class="mw-redirect" title="Olfactory perception">smell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taste" title="Taste">taste</a>. The sensory information received this way is a form of raw data that is filtered and processed to actively construct a representation of the world and the objects within it. This complex process underlying perceptual experience is shaped by many factors, including the individual's past <a href="/wiki/Experience" title="Experience">experiences</a>, cultural background, beliefs, knowledge, and expectations.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Memory is the mechanism of storing and retrieving information.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Episodic_memory" title="Episodic memory">Episodic memory</a> handles information about specific past events in one's life and makes this information available in the present. When a person remembers what they had for dinner yesterday, they employ episodic memory. <a href="/wiki/Semantic_memory" title="Semantic memory">Semantic memory</a> handles general knowledge about the world that is not tied to any specific episodes. When a person recalls that the capital of Japan is Tokyo, they usually access this general information without recalling the specific instance when they learned it. <a href="/wiki/Procedural_memory" title="Procedural memory">Procedural memory</a> is memory of how to do things, such as riding a bicycle or playing a musical instrument.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Another distinction is between <a href="/wiki/Short-term_memory" title="Short-term memory">short-term memory</a>, which holds information for brief periods, usually with the purpose of completing specific cognitive tasks, and <a href="/wiki/Long-term_memory" title="Long-term memory">long-term memory</a>, which can store information indefinitely.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Thinking involves the processing of information and the manipulation of <a href="/wiki/Concept" title="Concept">concepts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Idea" title="Idea">ideas</a>. It is a goal-oriented activity that often happens in response to experiences as a symbolic process aimed at making sense of them, organizing their information, and deciding how to respond.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Logical_reasoning" title="Logical reasoning">Logical reasoning</a> is a form of thinking that starts from a set of premises and aims to arrive at a conclusion supported by these premises. This is the case when deducing that "Socrates is mortal" from the premises "Socrates is a man" and "all men are mortal".<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Problem-solving" class="mw-redirect" title="Problem-solving">Problem-solving</a> is a closely related process that consists of several steps, such as identifying a problem, developing a plan to address it, implementing the plan, and assessing whether it worked.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Thinking in the form of <a href="/wiki/Decision-making" title="Decision-making">decision-making</a> involves considering possible courses of action to assess which one is the most beneficial.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> As a symbolic process, thinking is deeply intertwined with language and some theorists hold that <a href="/wiki/Language_of_thought_hypothesis" title="Language of thought hypothesis">all thought happens through the medium of language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Imagination is a creative process of internally generating mental images. Unlike perception, it does not directly depend on the stimulation of sensory organs. Similar to <a href="/wiki/Dream" title="Dream">dreaming</a>, these images are often derived from previous experiences but can include novel combinations and elements. Imagination happens during <a href="/wiki/Daydreaming" title="Daydreaming">daydreaming</a> and plays a key role in art and literature but can also be used to come up with novel solutions to real-world problems.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Motivation is an internal state that propels individuals to initiate, continue, or terminate goal-directed behavior. It is responsible for the formation of <a href="/wiki/Intentions" class="mw-redirect" title="Intentions">intentions</a> to perform <a href="/wiki/Action_(philosophy)" title="Action (philosophy)">actions</a> and affects what goals someone pursues, how much effort they invest in the activity, and how long they engage in it.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Motivation is affected by emotions, which are temporary experiences of positive or negative feelings like joy or anger. They are directed at and evaluate specific events, persons, or situations. They usually come together with certain physiological and behavioral responses.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Attention is an aspect of other mental processes in which mental resources like <a href="/wiki/Awareness" title="Awareness">awareness</a> are directed towards certain features of experience and away from others. This happens when a driver focuses on the traffic while ignoring billboards on the side of the road. Attention can be controlled voluntarily in the pursuit of specific goals but can also occur involuntarily when a strong stimulus captures a person's attention.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Attention is relevant to learning, which is the ability of the mind to acquire new information and permanently modify its understanding and behavioral patterns. Individuals learn by undergoing experiences, which helps them adapt to the environment.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conscious_and_unconscious">Conscious and unconscious</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conscious and unconscious">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">Consciousness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">Unconscious mind</a></div> An influential distinction is between conscious and unconscious mental processes. Consciousness is the awareness of external and internal circumstances. It encompasses a wide variety of states, such as perception, thinking, fantasizing, dreaming, and <a href="/wiki/Altered_states_of_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Altered states of consciousness">altered states of consciousness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In the case of phenomenal consciousness, the awareness involves a direct and qualitative experience of mental phenomena, like the auditory experience of attending a concert. Access consciousness, by contrast, refers to an awareness of information that is accessible to other mental processes but not necessarily part of current experience. For example, the information stored in a memory may be accessible when drawing conclusions or guiding actions even when the person is not explicitly thinking about it.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Unconscious or nonconscious mental processes operate without the individual's awareness but can still influence mental phenomena on the level of thought, feeling, and action. Some theorists distinguish between preconscious, subconscious, and unconscious states depending on their accessibility to conscious awareness.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> When applied to the overall state of a person rather than specific processes, the term <a href="/wiki/Unconsciousness" title="Unconsciousness">unconscious</a> implies that the person lacks any awareness of their environment and themselves, like during a <a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">coma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> The unconscious mind plays a central role in <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a> as the part of the mind that contains thoughts, memories, and desires not accessible to conscious introspection. According to <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Psychological_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological mechanism">psychological mechanism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Repression_(psychoanalysis)" title="Repression (psychoanalysis)">repression</a> keeps disturbing phenomena, like unacceptable sexual and aggressive impulses, from entering consciousness to protect the individual. Psychoanalytic theory studies symptoms caused by this process and therapeutic methods to avoid them by making the repressed thoughts accessible to conscious awareness.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_distinctions">Other distinctions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other distinctions">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Mental_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental states">Mental states</a> are often divided into sensory and propositional states. Sensory states are experiences of sensory qualities, often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Qualia" title="Qualia">qualia</a>, like colors, sounds, smells, pains, itches, and hunger. Propositional states involve an <a href="/wiki/Propositional_attitude" title="Propositional attitude">attitude</a> towards a content that can be expressed by a <a href="/wiki/Declarative_sentence" class="mw-redirect" title="Declarative sentence">declarative sentence</a>. When a person believes that it is raining, they have the propositional attitude of belief towards the content "it is raining". Different types of propositional states are characterized by different attitudes towards their content. For instance, it is also possible to hope, fear, desire, or doubt that it is raining.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> A mental state or process is <a href="/wiki/Rationality" title="Rationality">rational</a> if it is based on good reasons or follows the norms of rationality. For example, a belief is rational if it relies on strong supporting <a href="/wiki/Evidence" title="Evidence">evidence</a> and a decision is rational if it follows careful deliberation of all the relevant factors and outcomes. Mental states are irrational if they are not based on good reasons, such as beliefs caused by faulty reasoning, <a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">superstition</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_bias" title="Cognitive bias">cognitive biases</a>, and decisions that give into <a href="/wiki/Temptation" title="Temptation">temptations</a> instead of following one's best judgment.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Mental states that fall outside the domain of rational evaluation are arational rather than irrational. There is controversy regarding which mental phenomena lie outside this domain; suggested examples include sensory impressions, feelings, desires, and involuntary responses.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Another contrast is between <a href="/wiki/Disposition" title="Disposition">dispositional</a> and occurrent mental states. A dispositional state is a power that is not exercised. If a person believes that cats have whiskers but does not think about this fact, it is a dispositional belief. By activating the belief to consciously think about it or use it in other cognitive processes, it becomes occurrent until it is no longer actively considered or used. The great majority of a person's beliefs are dispositional most of the time.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculties_and_modules">Faculties and modules</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Faculties and modules">edit</a>]</div> Traditionally, the mind was subdivided into mental faculties understood as capacities to perform certain functions or bring about certain processes.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> An influential subdivision in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_philosophy" title="History of philosophy">history of philosophy</a> was between the faculties of <a href="/wiki/Intellect" title="Intellect">intellect</a> and <a href="/wiki/Will_(philosophy)" title="Will (philosophy)">will</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The intellect encompasses mental phenomena aimed at understanding the world and determining what to believe or what is true; the will is concerned with practical matters and what is good, reflected in phenomena like desire, decision-making, and action.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The exact number and nature of the mental faculties are disputed and more fine-grained subdivisions have been proposed, such as dividing the intellect into the faculties of understanding and judgment or adding sensibility as an additional faculty responsible for sensory impressions.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[a]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%BCller-Lyer_illusion_-_simple.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Diagram of the Müller-Lyer illusion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/M%C3%BCller-Lyer_illusion_-_simple.svg/220px-M%C3%BCller-Lyer_illusion_-_simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/M%C3%BCller-Lyer_illusion_-_simple.svg/330px-M%C3%BCller-Lyer_illusion_-_simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/M%C3%BCller-Lyer_illusion_-_simple.svg/440px-M%C3%BCller-Lyer_illusion_-_simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>In the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller-Lyer_illusion" title="Müller-Lyer illusion">Müller-Lyer illusion</a>, the horizontal black lines have the same length but the top line appears longer. The illusion persists even after becoming aware of it because of the automatic functioning of mental modules responsible for low-level visual processing.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a></figcaption></figure> In contrast to the traditional view, more recent approaches analyze the mind in terms of <a href="/wiki/Modularity_of_mind" title="Modularity of mind">mental modules</a> rather than faculties.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> A mental module is an inborn system of the brain that automatically performs a particular function within a specific domain without conscious awareness or effort. In contrast to faculties, the concept of mental modules is normally used to provide a more limited explanation restricted to certain low-level cognitive processes without trying to explain how they are integrated into higher-level processes such as conscious reasoning.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[b]</a> Many low-level cognitive processes responsible for visual perception have this automatic and unconscious nature. In the case of <a href="/wiki/Visual_illusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual illusion">visual illusions</a> like the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller-Lyer_illusion" title="Müller-Lyer illusion">Müller-Lyer illusion</a>, the underlying processes continue their operation and the illusion persists even after a person has become aware of the illusion, indicating the mechanical and involuntary nature of the process.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> Other examples of mental modules concern cognitive processes responsible for <a href="/wiki/Language_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Language processing">language processing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Face_perception" title="Face perception">facial recognition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theories_of_the_nature_of_mind">Theories of the nature of mind</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Theories of the nature of mind">edit</a>]</div> Theories of the nature of mind aim to determine what all <a href="/wiki/Mental_state" title="Mental state">mental states</a> have in common. They seek to discover the "mark of the mental", that is, the criteria that distinguish mental from non-mental phenomena.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> Epistemic criteria say that the unique feature of mental states is how people know about them. For example, if a person has a toothache, they have direct or non-inferential knowledge that they are in pain. But they do not have this kind of knowledge of the physical causes of the pain and may have to consult <a href="/wiki/Empirical_evidence" title="Empirical evidence">external evidence</a> through visual inspection or a visit to the dentist. Another feature commonly ascribed to mental states is that they are private, meaning that others do not have this kind of direct access to a person's mental state and have to infer it from other observations, like the pain behavior of the person with the toothache. Some philosophers claim that knowledge of some or all mental states is <a href="/wiki/Infallible" class="mw-redirect" title="Infallible">infallible</a>, for instance, that a person cannot be mistaken about whether they are in pain.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> A related view states that all mental states are either conscious or accessible to consciousness. According to this view, when a person actively remembers the fact that the Eiffel Tower is in Paris then this state is mental because it is part of consciousness; when the person does not think about it, this belief is still a mental state because the person could bring it to consciousness by thinking about it. This view denies the existence of a "deep unconsciousness", that is, unconscious mental states that cannot in principle become conscious.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> Another theory says that <a href="/wiki/Intentionality" title="Intentionality">intentionality</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[c]</a> is the mark of the mental. A state is intentional if it refers to or represents something. For example, if a person perceives a piano or thinks about it then the mental state is intentional because it refers to a piano. This view distinguishes between original and derivative intentionality. Mental states have original intentionality while some non-mental phenomena have derivative intentionality. For instance, the word piano and a picture of a piano are intentional in a derivative sense: they do not directly refer to a piano but if a person looks at them, they may evoke in this person a mental state that refers to a piano. Philosophers who disagree that all mental states are intentional cite examples such as itches, tickles, and pains as possible exceptions.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Behaviorism" title="Behaviorism">behaviorism</a>, mental states are dispositions to engage in certain publicly observable behavior as a reaction to particular external stimuli. This view implies that mental phenomena are not private internal states but are accessible to empirical observation like regular physical phenomena.<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(philosophy_of_mind)" title="Functionalism (philosophy of mind)">Functionalism</a> agrees that mental states do not depend on the exact internal constitution of the mind and characterizes them instead in regard to their functional role. Unlike behaviorism, this role is not limited to behavioral patterns but includes other factors as well. For example, part of the functional role of <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pain</a> is given by its relation to bodily injury and its tendency to cause behavioral patterns like moaning and other mental states, like a desire to stop the pain.<a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Computationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Computationalism">Computationalism</a>, a similar theory prominent in cognitive science, defines minds in terms of cognitions and <a href="/wiki/Computation" title="Computation">computations</a> as information processors.<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> Theories under the umbrella of <a href="/wiki/Externalism" title="Externalism">externalism</a> emphasize the mind's dependency on the environment. According to this view, mental states and their contents are at least partially determined by external circumstances.<a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a> For example, some forms of content externalism hold that it can depend on external circumstances whether a belief refers to one object or another.<a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Extended_mind_thesis" title="Extended mind thesis">extended mind thesis</a> states that external circumstances not only affect the mind but are part of it, like a diary or a calculator extend the mind's capacity to store and process information.<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> The closely related view of <a href="/wiki/Enactivism" title="Enactivism">enactivism</a> holds that mental processes involve an interaction between organism and environment.<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relation_to_matter">Relation to matter</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Relation to matter">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mind–body_problem">Mind–body problem</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mind–body problem">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_problem" title="Mind–body problem">Mind–body problem</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dualism-vs-Monism.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Diagram of approaches to the mind–body problem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dualism-vs-Monism.png/290px-Dualism-vs-Monism.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dualism-vs-Monism.png/435px-Dualism-vs-Monism.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dualism-vs-Monism.png/580px-Dualism-vs-Monism.png 2x" data-file-width="651" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption>Different approaches toward resolving the mind–body problem</figcaption></figure> The mind–body problem is the difficulty of providing a general explanation of the relationship between mind and body, for example, of the link between thoughts and brain processes. Despite their different characteristics, mind and body interact with each other, like when a bodily change causes mental discomfort or when a limb moves because of an <a href="/wiki/Intention" title="Intention">intention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Substance_dualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Substance dualism">substance dualism</a>, minds or <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">souls</a> exist as distinct <a href="/wiki/Substance_theory" title="Substance theory">substances</a> that have mental states while material things are another type of substance. This view implies that, at least in principle, minds can exist without bodies.<a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Property_dualism" title="Property dualism">Property dualism</a> is another view, saying that mind and matter are not distinct individuals but different <a href="/wiki/Property_(philosophy)" title="Property (philosophy)">properties</a> that apply to the same individual.<a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a> <a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monist</a> views, by contrast, state that reality is made up of only one kind. According to <a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">idealists</a>, everything is mental.<a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> They understand material things as mental constructs, for example, as ideas or perceptions.<a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Neutral_monism" title="Neutral monism">neutral monists</a>, the world is at its most fundamental level neither physical nor mental but neutral. They see physical and mental concepts as convenient but superficial ways to describe reality.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> The monist view most influential in contemporary philosophy is <a href="/wiki/Physicalism" title="Physicalism">physicalism</a>, also referred to as <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">materialism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-72">[d]</a> which states that everything is physical.<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Eliminative_materialism" title="Eliminative materialism">eliminative physicalism</a>, there are no mental phenomena, meaning that things like beliefs and desires do not form part of reality.<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reductive_physicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reductive physicalism">Reductive physicalists</a> defend a less radical position: they say that mental states exist but can, at least in principle, be completely described by physics without the need for special sciences like psychology. For example, <a href="/wiki/Behaviorism" title="Behaviorism">behaviorists</a> aim to analyze mental concepts in terms of observable behavior without resorting to internal mental states.<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Type_identity_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Type identity theory">Type identity theory</a> also belongs to reductive physicalism and says that mental states are the same as brain states.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> While <a href="/wiki/Non-reductive_physicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-reductive physicalism">non-reductive physicalists</a> agree that everything is physical, they say that mental concepts describe physical reality on a more abstract level that cannot be achieved by physics.<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(philosophy_of_mind)" title="Functionalism (philosophy of mind)">functionalism</a>, mental concepts do not describe the internal constitution of physical substances but functional roles within a system.<a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a> One consequence of this view is that mind does not depend on brains but can also be <a href="/wiki/Multiple_realizability" title="Multiple realizability">realized by other systems</a> that implement the corresponding functional roles, possibly also computers.<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hard_problem_of_consciousness" title="Hard problem of consciousness">hard problem of consciousness</a> is a central aspect of the mind–body problem: it is the challenge of explaining how physical states can give rise to conscious experience. Its main difficulty lies in the <a href="/wiki/Subjectivity_and_objectivity_(philosophy)" title="Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)">subjective</a> and qualitative nature of consciousness, which is unlike typical physical processes. The hard problem of consciousness contrasts with the "easy problems" of explaining how certain aspects of consciousness function, such as perception, memory, or learning.<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brain_areas_and_processes">Brain areas and processes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Brain areas and processes">edit</a>]</div> Another approach to the relation between mind and matter uses empirical observation to study how the brain works and which brain areas and processes are associated with specific mental phenomena.<a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a> The brain is the central organ of the <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a> and is present in all <a href="/wiki/Vertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrates">vertebrates</a> and the majority of <a href="/wiki/Invertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Invertebrates">invertebrates</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">human brain</a> is of particular complexity and consists of about 86 billion <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neurons</a>, which communicate with one another via <a href="/wiki/Synapse" title="Synapse">synapses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a> They form a complex <a href="/wiki/Neural_network_(biology)" title="Neural network (biology)">neural network</a> and cognitive processes emerge from their electrical and chemical interactions.<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> The human brain is divided into regions that are associated with different functions. The main regions are the <a href="/wiki/Hindbrain" title="Hindbrain">hindbrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midbrain" title="Midbrain">midbrain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Forebrain" title="Forebrain">forebrain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> The hindbrain and the midbrain are responsible for many biological functions associated with basic survival while higher mental functions, ranging from thoughts to motivation, are primarily localized in the forebrain.<a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray726-Brodman-prefrontal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Diagram showing the prefrontal cortex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gray726-Brodman-prefrontal.svg/220px-Gray726-Brodman-prefrontal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gray726-Brodman-prefrontal.svg/330px-Gray726-Brodman-prefrontal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gray726-Brodman-prefrontal.svg/440px-Gray726-Brodman-prefrontal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_cortex" title="Cerebral cortex">cerebral cortex</a> is divided into various areas with distinct functions, like the <a href="/wiki/Prefrontal_cortex" title="Prefrontal cortex">prefrontal cortex</a> (shown in orange) responsible for <a href="/wiki/Executive_functions" title="Executive functions">executive functions</a>.</figcaption></figure> The primary operation of many of the main mental phenomena is located in specific areas of the forebrain. The <a href="/wiki/Prefrontal_cortex" title="Prefrontal cortex">prefrontal cortex</a> is responsible for <a href="/wiki/Executive_functions" title="Executive functions">executive functions</a>, such as planning, decision-making, problem-solving, and working memory.<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a> The role of the <a href="/wiki/Sensory_cortex" title="Sensory cortex">sensory cortex</a> is to process and interpret sensory information, with different subareas dedicated to different senses, like the <a href="/wiki/Visual_cortex" title="Visual cortex">visual</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Auditory_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Auditory area">auditory areas</a>. A central function of the <a href="/wiki/Hippocampus" title="Hippocampus">hippocampus</a> is the formation and retrieval of long-term memories. It belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Limbic_system" title="Limbic system">limbic system</a>, which plays a key role in the regulation of emotions through the <a href="/wiki/Amygdala" title="Amygdala">amygdala</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Motor_cortex" title="Motor cortex">motor cortex</a> is responsible for planning, executing, and controlling voluntary movements. <a href="/wiki/Broca%27s_area" title="Broca's area">Broca's area</a> is a separate region dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Speech_production" title="Speech production">speech production</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a> The activity of the different areas is additionally influenced by <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitters</a>, which are <a href="/wiki/Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">signaling molecules</a> that enhance or inhibit different types of neural communication. For example, <a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">dopamine</a> influences motivation and pleasure while <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonin</a> affects mood and appetite.<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> The close interrelation of brain processes and the mind is seen by the effect that physical changes of the brain have on the mind. For instance, the consumption of <a href="/wiki/Psychoactive_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychoactive drugs">psychoactive drugs</a>, like caffeine, <a href="/wiki/Antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Antidepressants">antidepressants</a>, alcohol, and <a href="/wiki/Psychedelics" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychedelics">psychedelics</a>, temporarily affects <a href="/wiki/Neurochemistry" title="Neurochemistry">brain chemistry</a> with diverse effects on the mind, ranging from increased attention to mood changes, impaired cognitive functions, and <a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucinations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a> Long-term changes to the brain in the form of <a href="/wiki/Neurodegenerative_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurodegenerative diseases">neurodegenerative diseases</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brain_injuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain injuries">brain injuries</a> can lead to permanent alterations in mental functions. <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a> in its first stage deteriorates the hippocampus, reducing the ability to form new memories and recall existing ones.<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a> An often-cited case of the effects of brain injury is <a href="/wiki/Phineas_Gage" title="Phineas Gage">Phineas Gage</a>, whose prefrontal cortex was severely damaged during a work accident when an iron rod pierced through his skull and brain. Gage survived the accident but his <a href="/wiki/Personality" title="Personality">personality</a> and social attitude changed significantly as he became more impulsive, irritable, and anti-social while showing little regard for social conventions and an impaired ability to plan and make rational decisions.<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> Not all these changes were permanent and Gage managed to recover and adapt in some areas.<a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolution">Evolution</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Evolution">edit</a>]</div> The mind has a long evolutionary history starting with the <a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_nervous_systems" title="Evolution of nervous systems">development of the nervous system</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_brain" title="Evolution of the brain">the brain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> While it is generally accepted today that mind is not exclusive to humans and various non-human animals have some form of mind, there is no consensus at which point exactly the mind emerged.<a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a> The evolution of mind is usually explained in terms of <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a>: <a href="/wiki/Genetic_variation" title="Genetic variation">genetic variations</a> responsible for new or improved mental capacities, like better perception or social dispositions, have an increased chance of being passed on to future generations if they are beneficial to <a href="/wiki/Fitness_(biology)" title="Fitness (biology)">survival and reproduction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> Minimal forms of information processing are already found in the earliest forms of life 4 to 3.5 billion years ago, like the abilities of <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">eukaryotic</a> <a href="/wiki/Unicellular_organism" title="Unicellular organism">unicellular organisms</a> to sense the environment, store this information, and react to it. <a href="/wiki/Nerve_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerve cell">Nerve cells</a> emerged with the development of <a href="/wiki/Multicellular_organisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Multicellular organisms">multicellular organisms</a> more than 600 million years ago as a way to process and transmit information. About 600 to 550 million years ago, an evolutionary bifurcation happened into radially symmetric organisms<a href="#cite_note-97">[e]</a> with ring-shaped nervous systems or a <a href="/wiki/Nerve_net" title="Nerve net">nerve net</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">jellyfish</a>, and organisms with <a href="/wiki/Bilaterians" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilaterians">bilaterally symmetric bodies</a>, whose nervous systems tend to be more centralized. About 540 million years ago, <a href="/wiki/Vertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrates">vertebrates</a> evolved within the group of bilaterally organized organisms. All vertebrates, like birds and <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, have a <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> including a complex brain with specialized functions while invertebrates, like <a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">clams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a>, either have no brains or tend to have simple brains.<a href="#cite_note-98">[93]</a> With the evolution of vertebrates, their brains tended to grow and the specialization of the different brain areas tended to increase. These developments are closely related to changes in limb structures, sense organs, and living conditions with a close correspondence between the size of a brain area and the importance of its function to the organism.<a href="#cite_note-99">[94]</a> An important step in the evolution of mammals about 200 million years ago was the development of the <a href="/wiki/Neocortex" title="Neocortex">neocortex</a>, which is responsible for many higher-order brain functions.<a href="#cite_note-100">[95]</a> The size of the brain relative to the body further increased with the development of <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primates</a>, like monkeys, about 65 million years ago and later with the emergence of the first <a href="/wiki/Hominin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominin">hominins</a> about 7–5 million years ago.<a href="#cite_note-101">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anatomically_modern_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomically modern humans">Anatomically modern humans</a> appeared about 300,000 to 200,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-102">[97]</a> Various theories of the evolutionary processes responsible for <a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_human_intelligence" title="Evolution of human intelligence">human intelligence</a> have been proposed. The social intelligence hypothesis says that the evolution of the human mind was triggered by the increased importance of social life and its emphasis on mental abilities associated with <a href="/wiki/Empathy" title="Empathy">empathy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_transfer" title="Knowledge transfer">knowledge transfer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Meta-cognition" class="mw-redirect" title="Meta-cognition">meta-cognition</a>. According to the ecological intelligence hypothesis, the main value of the increased mental capacities comes from their advantages in dealing with a complex physical environment through processes like behavioral flexibility, learning, and tool use. Other suggested mechanisms include the effects of a changed diet with energy-rich food and general benefits from an increased speed and efficiency of information processing.<a href="#cite_note-103">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individual">Individual</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Individual">edit</a>]</div> Besides the development of mind in general in the course of history, there is also the <a href="/wiki/Developmental_psychology" title="Developmental psychology">development of individual human minds</a>. Some of the individual changes vary from person to person as a form of learning from experience, like forming specific memories or acquiring particular behavioral patterns. Others are more universal developments as psychological stages that all or most humans go through as they pass through <a href="/wiki/Early_childhood" title="Early childhood">early childhood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolescence" title="Adolescence">adolescence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adulthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Adulthood">adulthood</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Old_age" title="Old age">old age</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[99]</a> These developments cover various areas, including intellectual, sensorimotor, linguistic, emotional, social, and moral developments.<a href="#cite_note-105">[100]</a> Some factors affect the development of mind before birth, such as nutrition, maternal stress, and exposure to harmful substances like alcohol during pregnancy.<a href="#cite_note-106">[101]</a> Early childhood is marked by rapid developments as <a href="/wiki/Infant" title="Infant">infants</a> learn voluntary control over their bodies and interact with their environment on a basic level. Typically after about one year, this covers abilities like walking, recognizing familiar faces, and producing individual words.<a href="#cite_note-107">[102]</a> On the emotional and social levels, they develop attachments with their primary caretakers and express emotions ranging from joy to anger, fear, and surprise.<a href="#cite_note-108">[103]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Piaget%27s_theory_of_cognitive_development" title="Piaget's theory of cognitive development">influential theory</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a> divides the cognitive development of children into four stages. The sensorimotor stage from birth until two years is concerned with sensory impressions and motor activities while learning that objects remain in existence even when not observed. In the preoperational stage until seven years, children learn to interpret and use symbols in an intuitive manner. They start employing <a href="/wiki/Logical_reasoning" title="Logical reasoning">logical reasoning</a> to physical objects in the concrete operational stage until eleven years and extend this capacity in the following formal operational stage to abstract ideas as well as probabilities and possibilities.<a href="#cite_note-109">[104]</a> Other important processes shaping the mind in this period are <a href="/wiki/Socialization" title="Socialization">socialization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enculturation" title="Enculturation">enculturation</a>, at first through primary caretakers and later through peers and the schooling system.<a href="#cite_note-110">[105]</a> Psychological changes during adolescence are provoked both by physiological changes and being confronted with a different social situation and new expectations from others. An important factor in this period is change to the <a href="/wiki/Self-concept" title="Self-concept">self-concept</a>, which can take the form of an <a href="/wiki/Existential_crisis#Teenage" title="Existential crisis">identity crisis</a>. This process often involves developing individuality and independence from parents while at the same time seeking closeness and conformity with friends and peers. Further developments in this period include improvements to the reasoning ability and the formation of a principled moral viewpoint.<a href="#cite_note-111">[106]</a> The mind also changes during adulthood but in a less rapid and pronounced manner. Reasoning and problem-solving skills improve during early and middle adulthood. Some people experience the mid-life transition as a <a href="/wiki/Midlife_crisis" title="Midlife crisis">midlife crisis</a> involving an inner conflict about <a href="/wiki/Personal_identity" title="Personal identity">personal identity</a>, often associated with anxiety, a sense of lack of accomplishments in life, and an awareness of mortality. Intellectual faculties tend to decline in later adulthood, specifically the ability to learn complex unfamiliar tasks and later also the ability to remember, while people tend to become more inward-looking and cautious.<a href="#cite_note-112">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-human">Non-human</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Non-human">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animal">Animal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Animal">edit</a>]</div> It is commonly acknowledged today that animals have some form of mind, but it is controversial to which animals this applies and how their mind differs from the human mind.<a href="#cite_note-113">[108]</a> Different conceptions of the mind lead to different responses to this problem; when understood in a very wide sense as the capacity to process information, the mind is present in all forms of life, including insects, plants, and individual cells;<a href="#cite_note-114">[109]</a> on the other side of the spectrum are views that deny the existence of mentality in most or all non-human animals based on the idea that they lack key mental capacities, like abstract <a href="/wiki/Rationality" title="Rationality">rationality</a> and symbolic language.<a href="#cite_note-115">[110]</a> The status of <a href="/wiki/Animal_mind" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal mind">animal minds</a> is highly relevant to the field of <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethics</a> since it affects the treatment of animals, including the topic of <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">animal rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[111]</a> Discontinuity views state that the minds of non-human animals are fundamentally different from human minds and often point to higher mental faculties, like thinking, reasoning, and decision-making based on beliefs and desires.<a href="#cite_note-117">[112]</a> This outlook is reflected in the traditionally influential position of defining humans as "<a href="/wiki/Rational_animal" title="Rational animal">rational animals</a>" as opposed to all other animals.<a href="#cite_note-118">[113]</a> Continuity views, by contrast, emphasize similarities and see the increased human mental capacities as a matter of degree rather than kind. Central considerations for this position are the shared evolutionary origin, organic similarities on the level of brain and nervous system, and observable behavior, ranging from problem-solving skills, <a href="/wiki/Animal_communication" title="Animal communication">animal communication</a>, and reactions to and expressions of pain and pleasure. Of particular importance are the questions of consciousness and <a href="/wiki/Sentience" title="Sentience">sentience</a>, that is, to what extent non-human animals have a subjective experience of the world and are capable of suffering and feeling joy.<a href="#cite_note-119">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artificial">Artificial</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Artificial">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Philosophy of artificial intelligence">Philosophy of artificial intelligence</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turing_test_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Turing test diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Turing_test_diagram.png/220px-Turing_test_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Turing_test_diagram.png/330px-Turing_test_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Turing_test_diagram.png/440px-Turing_test_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Turing_test" title="Turing test">Turing test</a> aims to determine whether a computer can imitate human linguistic behavior to the degree that it is not possible to tell the difference between human and computer.</figcaption></figure> Some of the difficulties of assessing animal minds are also reflected in the topic of artificial minds, that is, the question of whether computer systems implementing <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> should be considered a form of mind.<a href="#cite_note-120">[115]</a> This idea is consistent with some theories of the nature of mind, such as functionalism and its idea that mental concepts describe functional roles, which are implemented by biological brains but could in principle also be implemented by artificial devices.<a href="#cite_note-121">[116]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Turing_test" title="Turing test">Turing test</a> is a traditionally influential procedure to test artificial intelligence: a person exchanges messages with two parties, one of them a human and the other a computer. The computer passes the test if it is not possible to reliably tell which party is the human and which one is the computer. While there are computer programs today that may pass the Turing test, this alone is usually not accepted as conclusive proof of mindedness.<a href="#cite_note-122">[117]</a> For some aspects of mind, it is controversial whether computers can, in principle, implement them, such as desires, feelings, consciousness, and free will.<a href="#cite_note-123">[118]</a> This problem is often discussed through the contrast between <a href="/wiki/Weak_artificial_intelligence" title="Weak artificial intelligence">weak</a> and strong artificial intelligence. Weak or narrow artificial intelligence is limited to specific mental capacities or functions. It focuses on a particular task or a narrow set of tasks, like <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_driving" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous driving">autonomous driving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speech_recognition" title="Speech recognition">speech recognition</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Theorem_proving" class="mw-redirect" title="Theorem proving">theorem proving</a>. The goal of strong AI, also termed <a href="/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence" title="Artificial general intelligence">artificial general intelligence</a>, is to create a complete artificial person that has all the mental capacities of humans, including consciousness, emotion, and reason.<a href="#cite_note-124">[119]</a> It is controversial whether strong AI is possible; influential arguments against it include <a href="/wiki/John_Searle" title="John Searle">John Searle</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Room_Argument" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Room Argument">Chinese Room Argument</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Dreyfus" title="Hubert Dreyfus">Hubert Dreyfus</a>'s critique based on <a href="/wiki/Heidegger" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidegger">Heideggerian</a> philosophy.<a href="#cite_note-125">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mental_health_and_disorder">Mental health and disorder</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Mental health and disorder">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">Mental health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">Mental disorder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Psychopathology" title="Psychopathology">Psychopathology</a></div> Mental health is a state of mind characterized by internal equilibrium and <a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">well-being</a> in which mental capacities function as they should. Some theorists emphasize positive features such as the abilities of a person to realize their potential, express and modulate emotions, cope with adverse life situations, and fulfill their social role. Negative definitions, by contrast, see mental health as the absence of mental illness in the form of <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental disorders">mental disorders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[121]</a> Mental disorders are abnormal patterns of thought, emotion, or behavior that deviate not only from how a mental capacity works on average but from the norm of how it should work while usually causing some form of <a href="/wiki/Mental_distress" title="Mental distress">distress</a>. The content of those norms is controversial and there are differences from culture to culture; for example, <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> was historically considered a mental disorder by medical professionals, a view which only changed in the second half of 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-127">[122]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OCD_handwash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of hand washing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/OCD_handwash.jpg/220px-OCD_handwash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/OCD_handwash.jpg/330px-OCD_handwash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/OCD_handwash.jpg/440px-OCD_handwash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder" title="Obsessive–compulsive disorder">Obsessive–compulsive disorder</a> is a mental disorder in which a person follows <a href="/wiki/Compulsive_behavior" title="Compulsive behavior">compulsive rituals</a>, like excessive hand washing, to alleviate <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a> caused by <a href="/wiki/Intrusive_thought" title="Intrusive thought">intrusive thoughts</a>.</figcaption></figure> There is a great variety of mental disorders, each associated with a different form of malfunctioning. <a href="/wiki/Anxiety_disorder" title="Anxiety disorder">Anxiety disorders</a> involve intense and persistent fear that is disproportionate to the actual threat and significantly impairs everyday life, like <a href="/wiki/Social_phobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Social phobia">social phobias</a>, which involve irrational fear of certain social situations. Anxiety disorders also include <a href="/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder" title="Obsessive–compulsive disorder">obsessive–compulsive disorder</a>, for which the <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a> manifests in the form of <a href="/wiki/Intrusive_thought" title="Intrusive thought">intrusive thoughts</a> that the person tries to alleviate by following <a href="/wiki/Compulsive_behavior" title="Compulsive behavior">compulsive rituals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mood_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Mood disorders">Mood disorders</a> cause intensive moods or mood swings that are inconsistent with the external circumstances and can last for extensive periods. For instance, people affected by <a href="/wiki/Bipolar_disorder" title="Bipolar disorder">bipolar disorder</a> experience extreme mood swings between <a href="/wiki/Manic_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Manic state">manic states</a> of euphoria and <a href="/wiki/Depressive_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Depressive state">depressive states</a> of hopelessness.<a href="#cite_note-129">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Personality_disorder" title="Personality disorder">Personality disorders</a> are characterized by enduring patterns of <a href="/wiki/Maladaptive" class="mw-redirect" title="Maladaptive">maladaptive</a> behavior that significantly impair regular life, like <a href="/wiki/Paranoid_personality_disorder" title="Paranoid personality disorder">paranoid personality disorder</a>, which leads people to be deeply suspicious of the motives of others without rational basis.<a href="#cite_note-130">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/Psychotic_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychotic disorder">Psychotic disorders</a> are among the most severe mental illnesses and involve a distorted relation to reality in the form of <a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucinations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delusion" title="Delusion">delusions</a>, as seen in <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[126]</a> Other disorders include <a href="/wiki/Dissociative_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissociative disorder">dissociative disorders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eating_disorder" title="Eating disorder">eating disorders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[127]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Biopsychosocial_model" title="Biopsychosocial model">biopsychosocial model</a> identifies three types of causes of mental disorders: biological, cognitive, and environmental factors. Biological factors include bodily causes, in particular neurological influences and genetic predispositions. On the cognitive level, maladaptive beliefs and patterns of thought can be responsible. Environmental factors involve cultural influences and social events that may trigger the onset of a disorder.<a href="#cite_note-133">[128]</a> There are various approaches to treating mental disorders, and the most suitable treatment usually depends on the type of disorder, its cause, and the individual's overall condition. <a href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">Psychotherapeutic methods</a> use personal interaction with a therapist to change patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting.<a href="#cite_note-134">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">Psychoanalysis</a> aims to help patients resolve conflicts between the conscious and the unconscious mind.<a href="#cite_note-135">[130]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy" title="Cognitive behavioral therapy">Cognitive behavioral therapy</a> focuses on conscious mental phenomena to identify and change irrational beliefs and negative thought patterns.<a href="#cite_note-136">[131]</a> <a href="/wiki/Behavior_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavior therapy">Behavior therapy</a>, a related approach, relies on <a href="/wiki/Classical_conditioning" title="Classical conditioning">classical conditioning</a> to unlearn harmful behaviors.<a href="#cite_note-137">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Humanistic_psychology" title="Humanistic psychology">Humanistic therapies</a> try to help people gain insight into their <a href="/wiki/Self-worth" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-worth">self-worth</a> and empower them to resolve their problems.<a href="#cite_note-138">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pharmacotherapy" title="Pharmacotherapy">Drug therapies</a> use medication to alter the brain chemistry involved in the disorder through substances like <a href="/wiki/Antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Antidepressants">antidepressants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antipsychotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Antipsychotics">antipsychotics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mood_stabilizers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mood stabilizers">mood stabilizers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anxiolytics" class="mw-redirect" title="Anxiolytics">anxiolytics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fields_and_methods_of_inquiry">Fields and methods of inquiry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Fields and methods of inquiry">edit</a>]</div> Various fields of inquiry study the mind, including psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and cognitive science. They differ from each other in the aspects of mind they investigate and the <a href="/wiki/Methodology" title="Methodology">methods</a> they employ in the process.<a href="#cite_note-140">[135]</a> The study of the mind poses various problems since it is difficult to directly examine, manipulate, and measure it. Trying to circumvent this problem by investigating the brain comes with new challenges of its own, mainly because of the brain's complexity as a neural network consisting of billions of neurons, each with up to 10,000 links to other neurons.<a href="#cite_note-141">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychology">Psychology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Psychology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a></div> Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. It investigates conscious and unconscious mental phenomena, including perception, memory, feeling, thought, decision, <a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">intelligence</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Personality" title="Personality">personality</a>. It is further interested in their outward manifestation in the form of observable behavioral patterns and how these patterns depend on external circumstances and are shaped by learning.<a href="#cite_note-142">[137]</a> Psychology is a wide discipline that includes many subfields. <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">Cognitive psychology</a> is interested in higher-order mental activities like thinking, problem-solving, reasoning, and concept formation.<a href="#cite_note-143">[138]</a> <a href="/wiki/Biological_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological psychology">Biological psychology</a> seeks to understand the underlying mechanisms on the physiological level and how they depend on genetic transmission and the environment.<a href="#cite_note-144">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/Developmental_psychology" title="Developmental psychology">Developmental psychology</a> studies the development of the mind from childhood to old age while <a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">social psychology</a> examines the influence of social contexts on mind and behavior.<a href="#cite_note-145">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/Personality_psychology" title="Personality psychology">Personality psychology</a> investigates personality, exploring how characteristic patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior develop and vary among individuals.<a href="#cite_note-146">[141]</a> Further subfields include <a href="/wiki/Comparative_psychology" title="Comparative psychology">comparative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinical_psychology" title="Clinical psychology">clinical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Educational_psychology" title="Educational psychology">educational</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational psychology">occupational</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neuropsychology" title="Neuropsychology">neuropsychology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[142]</a> Psychologists use a great variety of methods to study the mind. Experimental approaches set up a controlled situation, either in the laboratory or the field, in which they modify <a href="/wiki/Independent_variable" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent variable">independent variables</a> and measure their effects on <a href="/wiki/Dependent_variable" class="mw-redirect" title="Dependent variable">dependent variables</a>. This approach makes it possible to identify <a href="/wiki/Causality" title="Causality">causal relations</a> between the variables. For example, to determine whether people with similar interests (independent variable) are more likely to become friends (dependent variables), participants of a study could be paired with either similar or dissimilar participants. After giving the pairs time to interact, it is assessed whether the members of similar pairs have more positive attitudes toward one another than the members of dissimilar pairs.<a href="#cite_note-148">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Correlation" title="Correlation">Correlational</a> methods examine the strength of association between two variables without establishing a causal relationship between them.<a href="#cite_note-149">[144]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Survey_(human_research)" title="Survey (human research)">survey method</a> presents participants with a list of questions aimed at eliciting information about their mental attitudes, behavior, and other relevant factors. It analyzes how participants respond to questions and how answers to different questions correlate with one another.<a href="#cite_note-150">[145]</a> Surveys usually have a large number of participants in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Case_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Case studies">case studies</a>, which focus on an in-depth examination of a single subject or a small group of subjects, often to examine rare phenomena or explore new fields.<a href="#cite_note-151">[146]</a> Further methods include <a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Longitudinal studies">longitudinal studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naturalistic_observation" title="Naturalistic observation">naturalistic observation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(psychology)" title="Phenomenology (psychology)">phenomenological</a> description of experience.<a href="#cite_note-152">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neuroscience">Neuroscience</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Neuroscience">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1206_FMRI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="fMRI image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1206_FMRI.jpg/150px-1206_FMRI.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1206_FMRI.jpg/225px-1206_FMRI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1206_FMRI.jpg/300px-1206_FMRI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Functional_magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Functional magnetic resonance imaging">Functional magnetic resonance imaging</a> is a neuroimaging technique to detect brain areas with increased neural activity (shown in orange).</figcaption></figure> Neuroscience is the study of the <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a>. Its primary focus is the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> and the brain in particular, but it also investigates the <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system" title="Peripheral nervous system">peripheral nervous system</a> mainly responsible for connecting the central nervous system to the limbs and organs. Neuroscience examines the implementation of mental phenomena on a physiological basis. It covers various levels of analysis; on the small scale, it studies the molecular and cellular basis of the mind, dealing with the constitution of and interaction between individual neurons; on the large scale, it analyzes the architecture of the brain as a whole and its division into regions with different functions.<a href="#cite_note-153">[148]</a> <a href="/wiki/Neuroimaging" title="Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a> techniques are of particular importance as the main research methods of neuroscientists. <a href="/wiki/Functional_magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Functional magnetic resonance imaging">Functional magnetic resonance imaging</a> (fMRI) measures changes in the <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field" title="Magnetic field">magnetic field</a> of the brain associated with blood flow. Areas of increased blood flow indicate that the corresponding brain region is particularly active. <a href="/wiki/Positron_emission_tomography" title="Positron emission tomography">Positron emission tomography</a> (PET) uses radioactive substances to detect a range of <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolic changes</a> in the brain. <a href="/wiki/Electroencephalography" title="Electroencephalography">Electroencephalography</a> (EEG) measures the electrical activity of the brain, usually by placing <a href="/wiki/Electrode" title="Electrode">electrodes</a> on the scalp and measuring the voltage differences between them. These techniques are often employed to measure brain changes under particular circumstances, for example, while engaged in a specific cognitive task. Important insights are also gained from patients and <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Laboratory animal">laboratory animals</a> with <a href="/wiki/Brain_damage" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain damage">brain damage</a> in particular areas to assess the function of the damaged area and how its absence affects the remaining brain.<a href="#cite_note-154">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philosophy_of_mind">Philosophy of mind</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Philosophy of mind">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">Philosophy of mind</a></div> Philosophy of mind examines the nature of mental phenomena and their relation to the physical world. It seeks to understand the "mark of the mental", that is, the features that all mental states have in common. It further investigates the essence of different types of mental phenomena, such as <a href="/wiki/Belief" title="Belief">beliefs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desire" title="Desire">desires</a>, emotions, <a href="/wiki/Intentionality" title="Intentionality">intentionality</a>, and consciousness while exploring how they are related to one another. Philosophy of mind also examines solutions to the mind–body problem, like dualism, idealism, and physicalism, and assesses arguments for and against them.<a href="#cite_note-155">[150]</a> It asks whether people have a <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free will</a> or the ability to choose their actions, and how this ability contrasts with the idea that <a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">everthing is determined by preceding causes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[151]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Braininvat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Diagram of the brain-in-a-vat thought experiment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Braininvat.jpg/220px-Braininvat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Braininvat.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Philosophers use thought experiments to explore the nature of the mind and its relation to matter, for example, by imagining how a <a href="/wiki/Brain_in_a_vat" title="Brain in a vat">brain in a vat</a> would experience reality if a supercomputer fed it the same electrical stimulation a normal brain receives.</figcaption></figure> While philosophers of mind also include empirical considerations in their inquiry, they differ from fields like psychology and neuroscience by giving significantly more emphasis to non-empirical forms of inquiry. One such method is <a href="/wiki/Conceptual_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Conceptual analysis">conceptual analysis</a>, which aims to clarify the meaning of concepts, like mind and intention, by decomposing them to identify their semantic parts.<a href="#cite_note-157">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thought_experiment" title="Thought experiment">Thought experiments</a> are often used to evoke <a href="/wiki/Intuition" title="Intuition">intuitions</a> about abstract theories to assess their coherence and plausibility: philosophers imagine a situation relevant to a theory and employ <a href="/wiki/Counterfactual_thinking" title="Counterfactual thinking">counterfactual thinking</a> to assess the possible consequences of this theory, as in <a href="/wiki/Mary_the_super-scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary the super-scientist">Mary the color scientist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophical_zombies" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophical zombies">philosophical zombies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brain_in_a_vat" title="Brain in a vat">brain in a vat</a>-scenarios.<a href="#cite_note-158">[153]</a> Because of the subjective nature of the mind, the <a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">phenomenological method</a> is also commonly used to analyze the structure of consciousness by describing experience from the first-person perspective.<a href="#cite_note-159">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cognitive_science">Cognitive science</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Cognitive science">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">Cognitive science</a></div> Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mental processes. It aims to overcome the challenge of understanding something as complex as the mind by integrating research from diverse fields ranging from psychology and neuroscience to philosophy, <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>. Unlike these disciplines, it is not a unified field but a collaborative effort. One difficulty in synthesizing their insights is that each of these disciplines explores the mind from a different perspective and level of abstraction while using different research methods to arrive at its conclusion.<a href="#cite_note-auto-160">[155]</a> Cognitive science aims to overcome this difficulty by relying on a unified conceptualization of minds as <a href="/wiki/Information_processing_(psychology)" title="Information processing (psychology)">information processors</a>. This means that mental processes are understood as computations that retrieve, transform, store, and transmit information.<a href="#cite_note-auto-160">[155]</a> For example, perception retrieves sensory information from the environment and transforms it to extract meaningful patterns that can be used in other mental processes, such as planning and decision-making.<a href="#cite_note-161">[156]</a> Cognitive science relies on different levels of description to analyze cognitive processes; the most abstract level focuses on the basic problem the process is supposed to solve and the reasons why the organism needs to solve it; the intermediate level seeks to uncover the <a href="/wiki/Algorithm" title="Algorithm">algorithm</a> as a formal step-by-step procedure to solve the problem; the most concrete level asks how the algorithm is <a href="/wiki/Implementation" title="Implementation">implemented</a> through physiological changes on the level of the brain.<a href="#cite_note-162">[157]</a> Another methodology to deal with the complexity of the mind is to analyze the mind as a complex system composed of individual subsystems that can be studied independently of one another.<a href="#cite_note-163">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relation_to_other_fields">Relation to other fields</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Relation to other fields">edit</a>]</div> The mind is relevant to many fields. In <a href="/wiki/Epistemology" title="Epistemology">epistemology</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Problem_of_other_minds" title="Problem of other minds">problem of other minds</a> is the challenge of explaining how it is possible to know that people other than oneself have a mind. The difficulty arises from the fact that people directly experience their own minds but do not have the same access to the minds of others. According to a common view, it is necessary to rely on perception to observe the behavior of others and then infer that they have a mind based on <a href="/wiki/Analogical_reasoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Analogical reasoning">analogical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Abductive_reasoning" title="Abductive reasoning">abductive reasoning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[159]</a> Closely related to this problem is <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_mind" title="Theory of mind">theory of mind</a> in psychology, which is the ability to understand that other people possess beliefs, desires, intentions, and feelings that may differ from one's own.<a href="#cite_note-165">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a> is interested in how different cultures conceptualize the nature of mind and its relation to the world. These conceptualizations affect the way people understand themselves, experience illness, and interpret ritualistic practices as attempts to commune with <a href="/wiki/Spirit_(supernatural_entity)" title="Spirit (supernatural entity)">spirits</a>. Some cultures do not draw a strict boundary between mind and world by allowing that thoughts can pass directly into the world and manifest as beneficial or harmful forces. Others strictly separate the mind as an internal phenomenon without supernatural powers from external reality.<a href="#cite_note-166">[161]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a> is a related field concerned with the connections between mind, society, and behavior.<a href="#cite_note-167">[162]</a> The concept of mind plays a central role in various religions. <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhists</a> say that there is no <a href="/wiki/Anatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatta">enduring self</a> underlying mental activity and analyze the mind as a stream of constantly changing experiences characterized by <a href="/wiki/Skandha" title="Skandha">five aspects or "aggregates"</a>: <a href="/wiki/R%C5%ABpa#Buddhism" title="Rūpa">material form</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vedan%C4%81" title="Vedanā">feelings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samjna" class="mw-redirect" title="Samjna">perception</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83sk%C4%81ra" class="mw-redirect" title="Saṃskāra">volition</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vij%C3%B1%C4%81na" title="Vijñāna">consciousness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[163]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindus</a>, by contrast, affirm the existence of a <a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">permanent self</a>. In an influential analogy, the human mind is compared to a horse-drawn chariot: the horses are the <a href="/wiki/Indriya" title="Indriya">senses</a>, which lure the sense mind corresponding to the reins through sensual pleasures but are controlled by the charioteer embodying the <a href="/wiki/Buddhi" title="Buddhi">intellect</a> while the self is a passenger.<a href="#cite_note-169">[164]</a> In traditional <a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Christian philosophy</a>, mind and soul are closely intertwined as the immaterial aspect of humans that may <a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">survive bodily death</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[165]</a> Islamic thought distinguishes between the <a href="/wiki/%27Aql" title="'Aql">mind</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">spirit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qalb" title="Qalb">heart</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nafs" title="Nafs">self</a> as interconnected aspects of the spiritual dimension of humans.<a href="#cite_note-171">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/Daoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Daoism">Daoism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> use the concept of <a href="/wiki/Xin_(heart-mind)" title="Xin (heart-mind)">heart-mind</a> as the center of cognitive and emotional life, encompassing thought, understanding, will, desire, and mood.<a href="#cite_note-172">[167]</a> In the field of <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, the minds of students are shaped through the transmission of knowledge, skills, and character traits as a process of socialization and enculturation. This is achieved through different <a href="/wiki/Teaching_methods" class="mw-redirect" title="Teaching methods">teaching methods</a> including the contrast between group work and individual learning and the use of instructional media.<a href="#cite_note-173">[168]</a> Teacher-centered education positions the teacher as the central authority controlling the learning process whereas in <a href="/wiki/Student-centered_learning" title="Student-centered learning">student-centered education</a>, students have a more active role in shaping classroom activities.<a href="#cite_note-174">[169]</a> The choice of the most effective method to develop the minds of the learners is determined by various factors, including the topic and the learner's age and skill level.<a href="#cite_note-175">[170]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phrenology1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Phrenological diagram of brain functions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Phrenology1.jpg/180px-Phrenology1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Phrenology1.jpg/270px-Phrenology1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Phrenology1.jpg/360px-Phrenology1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Phrenology" title="Phrenology">Phrenology</a> was a pseudoscientific attempt to correlate mental functions to brain areas.</figcaption></figure> The mind is a frequent subject of <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscientific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoscientific">pseudoscientific</a> inquiry. <a href="/wiki/Phrenology" title="Phrenology">Phrenology</a> was an early attempt to correlate mental functions with specific brain areas. While its central claims about predicting mental traits by measuring bumps on the skull did not survive scientific scrutiny, the underlying idea that certain mental functions are localized in particular regions of the brain is now widely accepted.<a href="#cite_note-176">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychologists</a> seek to discover and study <a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">paranormal</a> mental abilities ranging from <a href="/wiki/Clairvoyance" title="Clairvoyance">clairvoyance</a> to <a href="/wiki/Telepathy" title="Telepathy">telepathy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telekinesis" title="Telekinesis">telekinesis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscience" title="Conscience">Conscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embodied_cognition" title="Embodied cognition">Embodied cognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_gap" title="Explanatory gap">Explanatory gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideasthesia" title="Ideasthesia">Ideasthesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_energy" title="Mental energy">Mental energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_at_Large" title="Mind at Large">Mind at Large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_Darwinism" title="Neural Darwinism">Neural Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_human_intelligence" title="Outline of human intelligence">Outline of human intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_thought" title="Outline of thought">Outline of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_character_of_experience" title="Subjective character of experience">Subjective character of experience</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Mental faculties also play a central role in the Indian tradition, such as the contrast between the sense mind (manas) and intellect (<a href="/wiki/Buddhi" title="Buddhi">buddhi</a>).<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> A different perspective is proposed by the massive modularity hypothesis, which states that the mind is entirely composed of modules with high-level modules establishing the connection between low-level modules.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Intentionality is to be <a href="/wiki/Intention#Intention_and_intentionality" title="Intention">distinguished from intention</a> in the sense of having a plan to perform a certain action.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> The two terms are usually treated as synonyms but some theorists distinguish them by holding that materialism is restricted to <a href="/wiki/Matter" title="Matter">matter</a> while physicalism is a wider term that includes additional physical phenomena, like <a href="/wiki/Force" title="Force">forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> They include <a href="/wiki/Cnidarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnidarians">cnidarians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ctenophorans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctenophorans">ctenophorans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFKim2011">Kim 2011</a>, pp. 2, 6</li><li><a href="#CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018i">American Psychological Association 2018i</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFHarperCollins2022a">HarperCollins 2022a</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFHarperCollins2024">HarperCollins 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFMorton2005">Morton 2005</a>, p. 603</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018i">American Psychological Association 2018i</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFPaivio2014">Paivio 2014</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FaGYAgAAQBAJ&pg=PR6">vi–vii</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFKim2011">Kim 2011</a>, pp. 2–3, 5–6</li><li><a href="#CITEREFJaworski2011">Jaworski 2011</a>, pp. 5–8, 68–69</li><li><a href="#CITEREFMcQueenMcQueen2010">McQueen & McQueen 2010</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ho5KEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA135">135</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFMorton2005">Morton 2005</a>, p. 603</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFSharov2012">Sharov 2012</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ5HAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA343">343–344</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFCarruthers2019">Carruthers 2019</a>, pp. ix, 29–30</li><li><a href="#CITEREFGriffin1998">Griffin 1998</a>, pp. 53–55</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStichWarfield2008">Stich & Warfield 2008</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NEGK_ZStddkC&pg=PR9">ix–x</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFPashler2013">Pashler 2013</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lu3aMe6kRowC&pg=PR29">xxix–xxx</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFFriedenbergSilvermanSpivey2022">Friedenberg, Silverman & Spivey 2022</a>, pp. 14–17</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018j">American Psychological Association 2018j</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018i">American Psychological Association 2018i</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFMerriam-Webster2024">Merriam-Webster 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFKim2011">Kim 2011</a>, p. 7</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFHarperCollins2022b">HarperCollins 2022b</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFKim2011">Kim 2011</a>, pp. 5, 31</li><li><a href="#CITEREFSwinburne1998">Swinburne 1998</a>, Lead Section</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFHarperCollins2022c">HarperCollins 2022c</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFMerriam-Webster2024a">Merriam-Webster 2024a</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFHarperCollins2022d">HarperCollins 2022d</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFBermúdez2014">Bermúdez 2014</a>, p. 16</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFHarperCollins2022e">HarperCollins 2022e</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFMerriam-Webster2024b">Merriam-Webster 2024b</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFBernsteinNash2006">Bernstein & Nash 2006</a>, pp. 273–274</li><li><a href="#CITEREFNairne2011">Nairne 2011</a>, p. 312</li><li><a href="#CITEREFMerriam-Webster2024c">Merriam-Webster 2024c</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018i">American Psychological Association 2018i</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFUttal2020">Uttal 2020</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WSbxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT98">96–97</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFJaworski2011">Jaworski 2011</a>, p. 4</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFHoad1993">Hoad 1993</a>, p. 294</li><li><a href="#CITEREFSmith1996">Smith 1996</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pl0Cgb4IMKUC&pg=PA105">105</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFCresswell2010">Cresswell 2010</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J4i3zV4vnBAC&pg=PA275">275</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFSansonese1994">Sansonese 1994</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aUZBqTKTAfIC&pg=PA116">116</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFGiannopulu2019">Giannopulu 2019</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z8uJDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA6">6</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li 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max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFLuhrmann2023">Luhrmann 2023</a>, Abstract, § Introduction, § Conclusion: The Understanding of Mind in the West Is Peculiar</li><li><a href="#CITEREFToren2010">Toren 2010</a>, pp. 577–580, 582</li><li><a href="#CITEREFBeatty2019">Beatty 2019</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFranks2007">Franks 2007</a>, pp. 3055–3056 </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFKarunamuni2015">Karunamuni 2015</a>, pp. 1–2</li><li><a href="#CITEREFCoseru2017">Coseru 2017</a>, Lead Section; § 2.3 The Five Aggregates</li><li><a href="#CITEREFLaine1998">Laine 1998</a>, Lead Section</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; 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max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFChazan2022">Chazan 2022</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3">15–16</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFBartlettBurton2007">Bartlett & Burton 2007</a>, pp. 81–85</li><li><a href="#CITEREFMurphy2003">Murphy 2003</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BjqQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA5">5, 19–20</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFAlexander2013">Alexander 2013</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MNvQENpKy2AC&pg=PA109">109–110</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEmaliana2017">Emaliana 2017</a>, pp. 59–61 </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFBartlettBurton2007">Bartlett & Burton 2007</a>, pp. 81–85</li><li><a href="#CITEREFMurphy2003">Murphy 2003</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BjqQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA5">5, 19–20</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFSysling2022">Sysling 2022</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hIuFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA407">407</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFDixonShapiro2022">Dixon & Shapiro 2022</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T81kEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT126">5. Mind, Brain, and Morality</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline-flex;--size:100%; max-width:max(15em, calc(var(--size) - 3.2em));"><ul style="display:inline-block"><li><a href="#CITEREFStairs1998">Stairs 1998</a>, Lead Section</li><li><a href="#CITEREFHarperCollins2022">HarperCollins 2022</a></li></ul></div> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbel2003" class="citation book cs1">Abel, Ernest L. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j77OEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA231">"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome"</a>. In Blocker, Jack S.; Fahey, David M.; Tyrrell, Ian R. (eds.). Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-834-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-834-1"><bdi>978-1-57607-834-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fetal+Alcohol+Syndrome&rft.btitle=Alcohol+and+Temperance+in+Modern+History%3A+An+International+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-834-1&rft.aulast=Abel&rft.aufirst=Ernest+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj77OEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAboitizMontiel2007" class="citation book cs1">Aboitiz, F.; Montiel, J. F. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N4HB0Sw-4u8C&pg=PA7">Origin and Evolution of the Vertebrate Telencephalon, with Special Reference to the Mammalian Neocortex</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-49761-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-49761-5"><bdi>978-3-540-49761-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502225336/https://books.google.com/books?id=N4HB0Sw-4u8C&pg=PA7">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-02. Retrieved 2024-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origin+and+Evolution+of+the+Vertebrate+Telencephalon%2C+with+Special+Reference+to+the+Mammalian+Neocortex&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-540-49761-5&rft.aulast=Aboitiz&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Montiel%2C+J.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN4HB0Sw-4u8C%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAboitizMontiel2012" class="citation book cs1">Aboitiz, F.; Montiel, J. F. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NZ19UiDPosEC&pg=PA14">"From Tetrapods to Primates: Conserved Developmental Mechanisms in Diverging Ecological Adaptations"</a>. In Hofman, Michel A.; Falk, Dean (eds.). Evolution of the Primate Brain: From Neuron to Behavior. Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-444-53860-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-444-53860-4"><bdi>978-0-444-53860-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502125247/https://books.google.com/books?id=NZ19UiDPosEC&pg=PA14">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-02. Retrieved 2024-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Tetrapods+to+Primates%3A+Conserved+Developmental+Mechanisms+in+Diverging+Ecological+Adaptations&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+the+Primate+Brain%3A+From+Neuron+to+Behavior&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-444-53860-4&rft.aulast=Aboitiz&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Montiel%2C+J.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNZ19UiDPosEC%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamsBeighley2015" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Fred; Beighley, Steve (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DlU6CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA54">"The Mark of the Mental"</a>. In Garvey, James (ed.). The Bloomsbury Companion to Philosophy of Mind. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-4391-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-4391-9"><bdi>978-1-4742-4391-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240427122519/https://books.google.com/books?id=DlU6CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA54">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-27. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Mark+of+the+Mental&rft.btitle=The+Bloomsbury+Companion+to+Philosophy+of+Mind&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4742-4391-9&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.au=Beighley%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDlU6CQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2013" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, Robin (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MNvQENpKy2AC&pg=PA109">Essays on Pedagogy</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-02790-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-02790-1"><bdi>978-1-136-02790-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+on+Pedagogy&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-02790-1&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMNvQENpKy2AC%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018" class="citation web cs1">American Psychological Association (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.apa.org/imagination">"Imagination"</a>. APA Dictionary of Psychology. American Psychological Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231130032153/https://dictionary.apa.org/imagination">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-11-30. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=APA+Dictionary+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Imagination&rft.date=2018&rft.au=American+Psychological+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.apa.org%2Fimagination&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018a" class="citation web cs1">American Psychological Association (2018a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.apa.org/emotion">"Emotion"</a>. APA Dictionary of Psychology. American Psychological Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240207200324/https://dictionary.apa.org/emotion">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-02-07. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=APA+Dictionary+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Emotion&rft.date=2018&rft.au=American+Psychological+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.apa.org%2Femotion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018b" class="citation web cs1">American Psychological Association (2018b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.apa.org/attention">"Attention"</a>. APA Dictionary of Psychology. American Psychological Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240424173002/https://dictionary.apa.org/attention">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-24. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=APA+Dictionary+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Attention&rft.date=2018&rft.au=American+Psychological+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.apa.org%2Fattention&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018c" class="citation web cs1">American Psychological Association (2018c). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.apa.org/learning">"Learning"</a>. APA Dictionary of Psychology. American Psychological Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325124225/https://dictionary.apa.org/learning">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=APA+Dictionary+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Learning&rft.date=2018&rft.au=American+Psychological+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.apa.org%2Flearning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018d" class="citation web cs1">American Psychological Association (2018d). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.apa.org/unconscious">"Unconscious"</a>. APA Dictionary of Psychology. 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American Psychological Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240422131043/https://dictionary.apa.org/brain">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-22. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=APA+Dictionary+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Brain&rft.date=2018&rft.au=American+Psychological+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.apa.org%2Fbrain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018g" class="citation web cs1">American Psychological Association (2018g). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.apa.org/neurotransmitter">"Neurotransmitter"</a>. APA Dictionary of Psychology. American Psychological Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423085637/https://dictionary.apa.org/neurotransmitter">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=APA+Dictionary+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Neurotransmitter&rft.date=2018&rft.au=American+Psychological+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.apa.org%2Fneurotransmitter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018h" class="citation web cs1">American Psychological Association (2018h). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.apa.org/theory-of-mind">"Theory of Mind"</a>. APA Dictionary of Psychology. American Psychological Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240507133241/https://dictionary.apa.org/theory-of-mind">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-07. Retrieved 2024-05-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=APA+Dictionary+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Theory+of+Mind&rft.date=2018&rft.au=American+Psychological+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.apa.org%2Ftheory-of-mind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018i" class="citation web cs1">American Psychological Association (2018i). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.apa.org/mind">"Mind"</a>. APA Dictionary of Psychology. American Psychological Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200920170428/https://dictionary.apa.org/mind">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-09-20. Retrieved 2024-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=APA+Dictionary+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Mind&rft.date=2018&rft.au=American+Psychological+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.apa.org%2Fmind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018j" class="citation web cs1">American Psychological Association (2018j). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.apa.org/psyche">"Psyche"</a>. APA Dictionary of Psychology. American Psychological Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509171944/https://dictionary.apa.org/psyche">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-09. Retrieved 2024-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=APA+Dictionary+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Psyche&rft.date=2018&rft.au=American+Psychological+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.apa.org%2Fpsyche&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018k" class="citation web cs1">American Psychological Association (2018k). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.apa.org/personality">"Personality"</a>. APA Dictionary of Psychology. American Psychological Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=APA+Dictionary+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Personality&rft.date=2018&rft.au=American+Psychological+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.apa.org%2Fpersonality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018l" class="citation web cs1">American Psychological Association (2018l). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.apa.org/personality-psychology">"Personality Psychology"</a>. APA Dictionary of Psychology. American Psychological Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=APA+Dictionary+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Personality+Psychology&rft.date=2018&rft.au=American+Psychological+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.apa.org%2Fpersonality-psychology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonPiccinini2024" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Neal G.; Piccinini, Gualtiero (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o68FEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA233">The Physical Signature of Computation: A Robust Mapping Account</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-883364-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-883364-2"><bdi>978-0-19-883364-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506114607/https://books.google.com/books?id=o68FEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA233">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-06. Retrieved 2024-05-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Physical+Signature+of+Computation%3A+A+Robust+Mapping+Account&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-0-19-883364-2&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Neal+G.&rft.au=Piccinini%2C+Gualtiero&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do68FEQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAthreyaMouza2016" class="citation book cs1">Athreya, Balu H.; Mouza, Chrystalla (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc3BDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA52">Thinking Skills for the Digital Generation: The Development of Thinking and Learning in the Age of Information</a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-12364-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-12364-6"><bdi>978-3-319-12364-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240422174001/https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc3BDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA52">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-22. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thinking+Skills+for+the+Digital+Generation%3A+The+Development+of+Thinking+and+Learning+in+the+Age+of+Information&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-3-319-12364-6&rft.aulast=Athreya&rft.aufirst=Balu+H.&rft.au=Mouza%2C+Chrystalla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUc3BDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAudi1993" class="citation book cs1">Audi, Robert (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pfLzbG5VjscC&pg=PA167">The Structure of Justification</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-44612-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-44612-9"><bdi>978-0-521-44612-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240511121604/https://books.google.com/books?id=pfLzbG5VjscC&pg=PA167">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-11. Retrieved 2024-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Structure+of+Justification&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-44612-9&rft.aulast=Audi&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpfLzbG5VjscC%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAudi2006" class="citation book cs1">Audi, Robert (2006). "Philosophy". In Borchert, Donald M. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/philosophy/philosophy-terms-and-concepts/philosophy">Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 7: Oakeshott - Presupposition</a> (2. ed.). Thomson Gale, Macmillan Reference. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865787-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865787-5"><bdi>978-0-02-865787-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214235128/https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/philosophy/philosophy-terms-and-concepts/philosophy">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Philosophy&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy.+7%3A+Oakeshott+-+Presupposition&rft.edition=2.&rft.pub=Thomson+Gale%2C+Macmillan+Reference&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-02-865787-5&rft.aulast=Audi&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fphilosophy-and-religion%2Fphilosophy%2Fphilosophy-terms-and-concepts%2Fphilosophy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvramides2023" class="citation web cs1">Avramides, Anita (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/other-minds/">"Other Minds"</a>. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523145926/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/other-minds/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Other+Minds&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Avramides&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fother-minds%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAydede2017" class="citation web cs1">Aydede, Murat (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195396577/obo-9780195396577-0151.xml">"Language of Thought"</a>. Oxford Bibliographies. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2FOBO%2F9780195396577-0151">10.1093/OBO/9780195396577-0151</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513102714/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195396577/obo-9780195396577-0151.xml">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Bibliographies&rft.atitle=Language+of+Thought&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2FOBO%2F9780195396577-0151&rft.aulast=Aydede&rft.aufirst=Murat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fdisplay%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780195396577%2Fobo-9780195396577-0151.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBall2013" class="citation book cs1">Ball, Linden J. (2013). "Thinking". In Pashler, Harold (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lu3aMe6kRowC">Encyclopedia of the Mind</a>. Sage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-5057-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-5057-2"><bdi>978-1-4129-5057-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240421082833/https://books.google.com/books?id=lu3aMe6kRowC">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-21. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thinking&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Mind&rft.pub=Sage&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-5057-2&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Linden+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlu3aMe6kRowC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2009" class="citation journal cs1">Barrett, Lisa Feldman (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763392">"The Future of Psychology: Connecting Mind to Brain"</a>. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 4 (4): 326–339. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1745-6924.2009.01134.x">10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01134.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763392">2763392</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19844601">19844601</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+on+Psychological+Science&rft.atitle=The+Future+of+Psychology%3A+Connecting+Mind+to+Brain&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=326-339&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2763392%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19844601&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1745-6924.2009.01134.x&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Lisa+Feldman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2763392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartlett2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bartlett, Gary (2018). "Occurrent States". Canadian Journal of Philosophy. 48 (1): 1–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00455091.2017.1323531">10.1080/00455091.2017.1323531</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Occurrent+States&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-17&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00455091.2017.1323531&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartlettBurton2007" class="citation book cs1">Bartlett, Steve; Burton, Diana (2007). Introduction to Education Studies (2nd ed.). Sage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-2193-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-2193-0"><bdi>978-1-4129-2193-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Education+Studies&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Sage&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-2193-0&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Burton%2C+Diana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBayne2022" class="citation book cs1">Bayne, Tim (2022). Philosophy of Mind: An Introduction. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-66984-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-66984-9"><bdi>978-0-415-66984-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+Mind%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-415-66984-9&rft.aulast=Bayne&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeatty2019" class="citation web cs1">Beatty, Andrew (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199766567/obo-9780199766567-0124.xml">"Psychological Anthropology"</a>. Oxford Bibliographies. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2FOBO%2F9780199766567-0124">10.1093/OBO/9780199766567-0124</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-976656-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-976656-7"><bdi>978-0-19-976656-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315100006/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199766567/obo-9780199766567-0124.xml">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Bibliographies&rft.atitle=Psychological+Anthropology&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2FOBO%2F9780199766567-0124&rft.isbn=978-0-19-976656-7&rft.aulast=Beatty&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fdisplay%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780199766567%2Fobo-9780199766567-0124.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenarroch2021" class="citation book cs1">Benarroch, Eduardo E. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ekwwEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA437">Neuroscience for Clinicians: Basic Processes, Circuits, Disease Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-094891-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-094891-7"><bdi>978-0-19-094891-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423091313/https://books.google.com/books?id=ekwwEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA437">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neuroscience+for+Clinicians%3A+Basic+Processes%2C+Circuits%2C+Disease+Mechanisms%2C+and+Therapeutic+Implications&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-19-094891-7&rft.aulast=Benarroch&rft.aufirst=Eduardo+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DekwwEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBermanWeemsStickle2006" class="citation journal cs1">Berman, Steven L.; Weems, Carl F.; Stickle, Timothy R. (2006). "Existential Anxiety in Adolescents: Prevalence, Structure, Association with Psychological Symptoms and Identity Development". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 35 (3): 285–292. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10964-006-9032-y">10.1007/s10964-006-9032-y</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Youth+and+Adolescence&rft.atitle=Existential+Anxiety+in+Adolescents%3A+Prevalence%2C+Structure%2C+Association+with+Psychological+Symptoms+and+Identity+Development&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=285-292&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10964-006-9032-y&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rft.au=Weems%2C+Carl+F.&rft.au=Stickle%2C+Timothy+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBermúdez2014" class="citation book cs1">Bermúdez, José Luis (2014). Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Science of the Mind (2. ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-05162-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-05162-1"><bdi>978-1-107-05162-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cognitive+Science%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Science+of+the+Mind&rft.edition=2.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-107-05162-1&rft.aulast=Berm%C3%BAdez&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Luis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernsteinNash2006" class="citation book cs1">Bernstein, Douglas; Nash, Peggy W. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4Do-bFrt9tUC">Essentials of Psychology</a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-71312-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-71312-7"><bdi>978-0-618-71312-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417192301/https://books.google.com/books?id=4Do-bFrt9tUC">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-17. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+Psychology&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-618-71312-7&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.au=Nash%2C+Peggy+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4Do-bFrt9tUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiever2023" class="citation journal cs1">Biever, Celeste (2023). "ChatGPT Broke the Turing Test — the Race Is on for New Ways to Assess AI". Nature. 619 (7971): 686–689. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023Natur.619..686B">2023Natur.619..686B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-023-02361-7">10.1038/d41586-023-02361-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37491395">37491395</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=ChatGPT+Broke+the+Turing+Test+%E2%80%94+the+Race+Is+on+for+New+Ways+to+Assess+AI&rft.volume=619&rft.issue=7971&rft.pages=686-689&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37491395&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fd41586-023-02361-7&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2023Natur.619..686B&rft.aulast=Biever&rft.aufirst=Celeste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBigajWüthrich2015" class="citation book cs1">Bigaj, Tomasz; Wüthrich, Christian (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1bW9CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA357">Metaphysics in Contemporary Physics</a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-31082-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-31082-7"><bdi>978-90-04-31082-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240422132355/https://books.google.com/books?id=1bW9CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA357">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-22. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metaphysics+in+Contemporary+Physics&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-90-04-31082-7&rft.aulast=Bigaj&rft.aufirst=Tomasz&rft.au=W%C3%BCthrich%2C+Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1bW9CwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackmore2013" class="citation book cs1">Blackmore, Susan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WycuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA33">Consciousness: An Introduction</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4441-2827-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4441-2827-7"><bdi>978-1-4441-2827-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240422132341/https://books.google.com/books?id=WycuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA33">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-22. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consciousness%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4441-2827-7&rft.aulast=Blackmore&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWycuAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBringsjordGovindarajulu2024" class="citation web cs1">Bringsjord, Selmer; Govindarajulu, Naveen Sundar (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/artificial-intelligence/">"Artificial Intelligence"</a>. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513103532/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/artificial-intelligence/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Artificial+Intelligence&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Bringsjord&rft.aufirst=Selmer&rft.au=Govindarajulu%2C+Naveen+Sundar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fartificial-intelligence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroome2021" class="citation book cs1">Broome, John (2021). "Reasons and Rationality". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xVgjEAAAQBAJ">The Handbook of Rationality</a>. MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-36185-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-36185-9"><bdi>978-0-262-36185-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513103546/https://books.google.com/books?id=xVgjEAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reasons+and+Rationality&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+Rationality&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-262-36185-9&rft.aulast=Broome&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxVgjEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownFehige2019" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Brown, James Robert; Fehige, Yiftach (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/thought-experiment/">"Thought Experiments"</a>. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171121022040/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/thought-experiment/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thought+Experiments&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=James+Robert&rft.au=Fehige%2C+Yiftach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fthought-experiment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunge2014" class="citation book cs1">Bunge, Mario (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AnKoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA18">The Mind–Body Problem: A Psychobiological Approach</a>. Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4831-5012-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4831-5012-3"><bdi>978-1-4831-5012-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423124529/https://books.google.com/books?id=AnKoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA18">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mind%E2%80%93Body+Problem%3A+A+Psychobiological+Approach&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4831-5012-3&rft.aulast=Bunge&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAnKoBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButz2021" class="citation journal cs1">Butz, Martin V. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13218-021-00705-x">"Towards Strong AI"</a>. KI - Künstliche Intelligenz. 35 (1): 91–101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13218-021-00705-x">10.1007/s13218-021-00705-x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KI+-+K%C3%BCnstliche+Intelligenz&rft.atitle=Towards+Strong+AI&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=91-101&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13218-021-00705-x&rft.aulast=Butz&rft.aufirst=Martin+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs13218-021-00705-x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarel2006" class="citation book cs1">Carel, Havi (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3iUMevXETJ8C&pg=PA176">Life and Death in Freud and Heidegger</a>. Rodopi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-420-1659-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-420-1659-0"><bdi>978-90-420-1659-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240419175022/https://books.google.com/books?id=3iUMevXETJ8C&pg=PA176">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-19. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+and+Death+in+Freud+and+Heidegger&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-420-1659-0&rft.aulast=Carel&rft.aufirst=Havi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3iUMevXETJ8C%26pg%3DPA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarruthers2004" class="citation book cs1">Carruthers, Peter (2004). The Nature of the Mind: An Introduction (1 ed.). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-29994-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-29994-7"><bdi>978-0-415-29994-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nature+of+the+Mind%3A+An+Introduction&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-29994-7&rft.aulast=Carruthers&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarruthers2019" class="citation book cs1">Carruthers, Peter (2019). Human and Animal Minds: The Consciousness Questions Laid to Rest (1 ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-884370-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-884370-2"><bdi>978-0-19-884370-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+and+Animal+Minds%3A+The+Consciousness+Questions+Laid+to+Rest&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-884370-2&rft.aulast=Carruthers&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChazan2022" class="citation book cs1">Chazan, Barry (2022). "What Is "Education"?". Principles and Pedagogies in Jewish Education. Springer International Publishing. pp. 13–21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-83925-3_3">10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-83925-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-83925-3"><bdi>978-3-030-83925-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239896844">239896844</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+Is+%22Education%22%3F&rft.btitle=Principles+and+Pedagogies+in+Jewish+Education&rft.pages=13-21&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A239896844%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-83925-3_3&rft.isbn=978-3-030-83925-3&rft.aulast=Chazan&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChen2023" class="citation book cs1">Chen, Zhaoman (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C8vAEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1141">"Exploration of Youth Social Work Model Driven by Artificial Intelligence"</a>. In Hung, Jason C.; Yen, Neil Y.; Chang, Jia-Wei (eds.). Frontier Computing: Theory, Technologies and Applications (FC 2022). Springer Nature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-99-1428-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-99-1428-9"><bdi>978-981-99-1428-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506164857/https://books.google.com/books?id=C8vAEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1141">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-06. Retrieved 2024-05-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Exploration+of+Youth+Social+Work+Model+Driven+by+Artificial+Intelligence&rft.btitle=Frontier+Computing%3A+Theory%2C+Technologies+and+Applications+%28FC+2022%29&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-981-99-1428-9&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Zhaoman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC8vAEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkLintsSmith2004" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Kelly James; Lints, Richard; Smith, James K. A. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H81iiiPtuGsC&pg=PA52">"Mind/Soul/Spirit"</a>. 101 Key Terms in Philosophy and Their Importance for Theology. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22524-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22524-7"><bdi>978-0-664-22524-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508165422/https://books.google.com/books?id=H81iiiPtuGsC&pg=PA52">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-08. Retrieved 2024-05-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mind%2FSoul%2FSpirit&rft.btitle=101+Key+Terms+in+Philosophy+and+Their+Importance+for+Theology&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22524-7&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Kelly+James&rft.au=Lints%2C+Richard&rft.au=Smith%2C+James+K.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH81iiiPtuGsC%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoallCallanDickinsChisholm2015" class="citation book cs1">Coall, David A.; Callan, Anna C.; Dickins, Thomas E.; Chisholm, James S. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fg3QBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57">"Evolution and Prenatal Development: An Evolutionary Perspective"</a>. Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, Socioemotional Processes. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-95387-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-95387-7"><bdi>978-1-118-95387-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513103531/https://books.google.com/books?id=Fg3QBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Evolution+and+Prenatal+Development%3A+An+Evolutionary+Perspective&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Child+Psychology+and+Developmental+Science%2C+Socioemotional+Processes&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-118-95387-7&rft.aulast=Coall&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft.au=Callan%2C+Anna+C.&rft.au=Dickins%2C+Thomas+E.&rft.au=Chisholm%2C+James+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFg3QBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoseru2017" class="citation web cs1">Coseru, Christian (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mind-indian-buddhism/">"Mind in Indian Buddhist Philosophy"</a>. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803061924/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mind-indian-buddhism/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Mind+in+Indian+Buddhist+Philosophy&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Coseru&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fmind-indian-buddhism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrane1998" class="citation book cs1">Crane, Tim (1998). "Intentionality as the Mark of the Mental". In O'Hear, Anthony (ed.). Current Issues in Philosophy of Mind. Cambridge university press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63927-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63927-9"><bdi>978-0-521-63927-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Intentionality+as+the+Mark+of+the+Mental&rft.btitle=Current+Issues+in+Philosophy+of+Mind&rft.pub=Cambridge+university+press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-63927-9&rft.aulast=Crane&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCresswell2010" class="citation book cs1">Cresswell, Julia (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J4i3zV4vnBAC&pg=PA275">Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954793-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954793-7"><bdi>978-0-19-954793-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510083338/https://books.google.com/books?id=J4i3zV4vnBAC&pg=PA275">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-10. Retrieved 2024-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+Word+Origins&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954793-7&rft.aulast=Cresswell&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ4i3zV4vnBAC%26pg%3DPA275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunningham2000" class="citation book cs1">Cunningham, Suzanne (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ubdiw-ALgo0C&pg=PA40">What Is a Mind?: An Integrative Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind</a>. Hackett Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87220-518-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87220-518-5"><bdi>978-0-87220-518-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513103529/https://books.google.com/books?id=ubdiw-ALgo0C&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Is+a+Mind%3F%3A+An+Integrative+Introduction+to+the+Philosophy+of+Mind&rft.pub=Hackett+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-87220-518-5&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dubdiw-ALgo0C%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDashVillemarette-Pitman2005" class="citation book cs1">Dash, Paul; Villemarette-Pitman, Nicole (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M1jSCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30">Alzheimer's Disease</a>. Demos Medical Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934559-49-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934559-49-9"><bdi>978-1-934559-49-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423124529/https://books.google.com/books?id=M1jSCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alzheimer%27s+Disease&rft.pub=Demos+Medical+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-934559-49-9&rft.aulast=Dash&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Villemarette-Pitman%2C+Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM1jSCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2001" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Martin (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-wt1aZrGXLYC&pg=PA191">"Consciousness"</a>. In Wilson, Robert A.; Keil, Frank C. (eds.). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (MITECS). MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-73144-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-73144-7"><bdi>978-0-262-73144-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240419100229/https://books.google.com/books?id=-wt1aZrGXLYC&pg=PA191">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-19. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Consciousness&rft.btitle=The+MIT+Encyclopedia+of+the+Cognitive+Sciences+%28MITECS%29&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-262-73144-7&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-wt1aZrGXLYC%26pg%3DPA191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawson2022" class="citation book cs1">Dawson, Michael R. W. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QGeEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA161">What Is Cognitive Psychology?</a>. Athabasca University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77199-342-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77199-342-5"><bdi>978-1-77199-342-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240427122518/https://books.google.com/books?id=QGeEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA161">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-27. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Is+Cognitive+Psychology%3F&rft.pub=Athabasca+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-77199-342-5&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Michael+R.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQGeEEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeutsch2013" class="citation book cs1">Deutsch, Eliot (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WfRXAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA354">"The Self in Advaita Vedanta"</a>. In Perrett, Roy W. (ed.). Metaphysics: Indian Philosophy. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-70266-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-70266-3"><bdi>978-1-135-70266-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513103532/https://books.google.com/books?id=WfRXAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA354#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Self+in+Advaita+Vedanta&rft.btitle=Metaphysics%3A+Indian+Philosophy&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-70266-3&rft.aulast=Deutsch&rft.aufirst=Eliot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWfRXAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixonShapiro2022" class="citation book cs1">Dixon, Thomas; Shapiro, Adam (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T81kEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT126">"5. Mind, Brain, and Morality"</a>. Science and Religion: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-256677-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-256677-5"><bdi>978-0-19-256677-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509082208/https://books.google.com/books?id=T81kEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT126">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-09. Retrieved 2024-05-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5.+Mind%2C+Brain%2C+and+Morality&rft.btitle=Science+and+Religion%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-19-256677-5&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT81kEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDriscollEasterbrooks2007" class="citation book cs1">Driscoll, Joan Riley; Easterbrooks, M. Ann (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cOPNEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA256">"Development, Emotional"</a>. In Cochran, Moncrieff; New, Rebecca S. (eds.). Early Childhood Education: An International Encyclopedia. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-01448-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-01448-2"><bdi>978-0-313-01448-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503165947/https://books.google.com/books?id=cOPNEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA256">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-03. Retrieved 2024-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Development%2C+Emotional&rft.btitle=Early+Childhood+Education%3A+An+International+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-01448-2&rft.aulast=Driscoll&rft.aufirst=Joan+Riley&rft.au=Easterbrooks%2C+M.+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcOPNEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumont2008" class="citation book cs1">Dumont, K. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MP5X2SK2DCgC&pg=PA48">"2. Research Methods and Statistics"</a>. In Nicholas, Lionel (ed.). Introduction to Psychology. University of Capetown Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-919895-02-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-919895-02-4"><bdi>978-1-919895-02-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240501054105/https://books.google.com/books?id=MP5X2SK2DCgC&pg=PA48">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-01. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2.+Research+Methods+and+Statistics&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Psychology&rft.pub=University+of+Capetown+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-919895-02-4&rft.aulast=Dumont&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMP5X2SK2DCgC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunbar2007" class="citation book cs1">Dunbar, Robin I. M. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ly0TDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30">"Brain and Cognition in Evolutionary Perspective;"</a>. In Platek, Steven; Keenan, Julian; Shackelford, Todd Kennedy (eds.). Evolutionary Cognitive Neuroscience. MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-16241-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-16241-8"><bdi>978-0-262-16241-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508122733/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ly0TDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-08. Retrieved 2024-05-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brain+and+Cognition+in+Evolutionary+Perspective%3B&rft.btitle=Evolutionary+Cognitive+Neuroscience&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-262-16241-8&rft.aulast=Dunbar&rft.aufirst=Robin+I.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLy0TDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncanLoLordo2013" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Stewart; LoLordo, Antonia (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7VDbAAAAQBAJ&pg=PR16">"Introduction"</a>. Debates in Modern Philosophy: Essential Readings and Contemporary Responses. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-13660-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-13660-4"><bdi>978-1-135-13660-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508165418/https://books.google.com/books?id=7VDbAAAAQBAJ&pg=PR16">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-08. Retrieved 2024-05-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Debates+in+Modern+Philosophy%3A+Essential+Readings+and+Contemporary+Responses&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-13660-4&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft.au=LoLordo%2C+Antonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7VDbAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmaliana2017" class="citation journal cs1">Emaliana, Ive (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12962%2Fj24433527.v10i2.2161">"Teacher-Centered or Student-Centered Learning Approach To Promote Learning?"</a>. Jurnal Sosial Humaniora. 10 (2): 59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12962%2Fj24433527.v10i2.2161">10.12962/j24433527.v10i2.2161</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148796695">148796695</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jurnal+Sosial+Humaniora&rft.atitle=Teacher-Centered+or+Student-Centered+Learning+Approach+To+Promote+Learning%3F&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=59&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12962%2Fj24433527.v10i2.2161&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148796695%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Emaliana&rft.aufirst=Ive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.12962%252Fj24433527.v10i2.2161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngelmannMulckhuyseTing2019" class="citation book cs1">Engelmann, Jan B.; Mulckhuyse, Manon; Ting, Chih-Chung (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uC2jDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA159">"Brain Measurement and Manipulation Methods;"</a>. In Schram, Arthur; Ule, Aljaž (eds.). Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Experimental Economics. Edward Elgar Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78811-056-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78811-056-3"><bdi>978-1-78811-056-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240426124550/https://books.google.com/books?id=uC2jDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA159">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-26. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brain+Measurement+and+Manipulation+Methods%3B&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Research+Methods+and+Applications+in+Experimental+Economics&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-78811-056-3&rft.aulast=Engelmann&rft.aufirst=Jan+B.&rft.au=Mulckhuyse%2C+Manon&rft.au=Ting%2C+Chih-Chung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuC2jDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErulkarLentz2024" class="citation web cs1">Erulkar, Solomon D.; Lentz, Thomas L. (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/nervous-system">"Nervous System"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150613024640/https://www.britannica.com/science/nervous-system">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Nervous+System&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Erulkar&rft.aufirst=Solomon+D.&rft.au=Lentz%2C+Thomas+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fnervous-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaganDurrani2021" class="citation book cs1">Fagan, Brian M.; Durrani, Nadia (2021). "3. Enter Homo Sapiens (c. 300,000 Years Ago and Later)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NNFKEAAAQBAJ">World Prehistory: The Basics</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-46679-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-46679-9"><bdi>978-1-000-46679-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3.+Enter+Homo+Sapiens+%28c.+300%2C000+Years+Ago+and+Later%29&rft.btitle=World+Prehistory%3A+The+Basics&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-000-46679-9&rft.aulast=Fagan&rft.aufirst=Brian+M.&rft.au=Durrani%2C+Nadia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNNFKEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinlayInnocentiScheich2013" class="citation book cs1">Finlay, Barbara L.; Innocenti, Giorgio M.; Scheich, Henning (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9BsGCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3">"Evolutionary and Developmental Syntheses: Introduction"</a>. The Neocortex: Ontogeny and Phylogeny. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4899-0652-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4899-0652-6"><bdi>978-1-4899-0652-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503085632/https://books.google.com/books?id=9BsGCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-03. Retrieved 2024-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Evolutionary+and+Developmental+Syntheses%3A+Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Neocortex%3A+Ontogeny+and+Phylogeny&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4899-0652-6&rft.aulast=Finlay&rft.aufirst=Barbara+L.&rft.au=Innocenti%2C+Giorgio+M.&rft.au=Scheich%2C+Henning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9BsGCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer2021" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, Bob (2021). Animal Ethics: A Contemporary Introduction. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-48440-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-48440-5"><bdi>978-1-138-48440-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+Ethics%3A+A+Contemporary+Introduction&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-138-48440-5&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFjelland2020" class="citation journal cs1">Fjelland, Ragnar (2020). "Why General Artificial Intelligence Will Not Be Realized". Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 7 (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fs41599-020-0494-4">10.1057/s41599-020-0494-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250%2F2726984">11250/2726984</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2662-9992">2662-9992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humanities+and+Social+Sciences+Communications&rft.atitle=Why+General+Artificial+Intelligence+Will+Not+Be+Realized&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11250%2F2726984&rft.issn=2662-9992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fs41599-020-0494-4&rft.aulast=Fjelland&rft.aufirst=Ragnar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankishKasmirli2009" class="citation book cs1">Frankish, Keith; Kasmirli, Maria (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5Himf4mFKskC&pg=PA107">"8. Mind and Consciousness"</a>. In Shand, John (ed.). Central Issues of Philosophy. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6270-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6270-8"><bdi>978-1-4051-6270-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423124523/https://books.google.com/books?id=5Himf4mFKskC&pg=PA107">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=8.+Mind+and+Consciousness&rft.btitle=Central+Issues+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-6270-8&rft.aulast=Frankish&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.au=Kasmirli%2C+Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5Himf4mFKskC%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranklin1995" class="citation book cs1">Franklin, Stan (1995). Artificial Minds. MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-06178-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-06178-0"><bdi>978-0-262-06178-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Artificial+Minds&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-262-06178-0&rft.aulast=Franklin&rft.aufirst=Stan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranks2007" class="citation book cs1">Franks, David D. (2007). "Mind". In Ritzer, George (ed.). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-2433-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-2433-1"><bdi>978-1-4051-2433-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mind&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Encyclopedia+of+Sociology&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-2433-1&rft.aulast=Franks&rft.aufirst=David+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman1975" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Derek (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TFjf4mUHqv4C&pg=PA114">"Kinship, Attachment Behaviour and the Primary Bond"</a>. In Goody, Jack (ed.). The Character of Kinship. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29002-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29002-9"><bdi>978-0-521-29002-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503171552/https://books.google.com/books?id=TFjf4mUHqv4C&pg=PA114">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-03. Retrieved 2024-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kinship%2C+Attachment+Behaviour+and+the+Primary+Bond&rft.btitle=The+Character+of+Kinship&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29002-9&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTFjf4mUHqv4C%26pg%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedenbergSilvermanSpivey2022" class="citation book cs1">Friedenberg, Jay; Silverman, Gordon; Spivey, Michael (2022). Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Study of Mind (4 ed.). Sage Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5443-8015-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5443-8015-5"><bdi>978-1-5443-8015-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cognitive+Science%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Study+of+Mind&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-5443-8015-5&rft.aulast=Friedenberg&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft.au=Silverman%2C+Gordon&rft.au=Spivey%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGennaro" class="citation web cs1">Gennaro, Rocco J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iep.utm.edu/consciousness/">"Consciousness"</a>. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406132436/https://iep.utm.edu/consciousness/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Consciousness&rft.aulast=Gennaro&rft.aufirst=Rocco+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiep.utm.edu%2Fconsciousness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiannopulu2019" class="citation book cs1">Giannopulu, Irini (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z8uJDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA6">Neuroscience, Robotics and Virtual Reality: Internalised Vs Externalised Mind/Brain</a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-95558-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-95558-2"><bdi>978-3-319-95558-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510083341/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z8uJDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA6">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-10. 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Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology. 3 (3): 191–200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fppp.1996.0027">10.1353/ppp.1996.0027</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophy%2C+Psychiatry%2C+%26+Psychology&rft.atitle=Searle+and+the+%22Deep+Unconscious%22&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=191-200&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fppp.1996.0027&rft.aulast=Gillett&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoffiRoux2011" class="citation journal cs1">Goffi, Jean-Yves; <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Roux" title="Sophie Roux">Roux, Sophie</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philpapers.org/rec/GOFOTV">"On the Very Idea of a Thought Experiment"</a>. Thought Experiments in Methodological and Historical Contexts. Brill: 165–191. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2Fej.9789004201767.i-233.35">10.1163/ej.9789004201767.i-233.35</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20177-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20177-4"><bdi>978-90-04-20177-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:260640180">260640180</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030152653/https://philpapers.org/rec/GOFOTV">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thought+Experiments+in+Methodological+and+Historical+Contexts&rft.atitle=On+the+Very+Idea+of+a+Thought+Experiment&rft.pages=165-191&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A260640180%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2Fej.9789004201767.i-233.35&rft.isbn=978-90-04-20177-4&rft.aulast=Goffi&rft.aufirst=Jean-Yves&rft.au=Roux%2C+Sophie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Frec%2FGOFOTV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2023" class="citation web cs1">Graham, George (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/">"Behaviorism"</a>. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709040248/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Behaviorism&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fbehaviorism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreif2017" class="citation journal cs1">Greif, Hajo (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5686289">"What Is the Extension of the Extended Mind?"</a>. Synthese. 194 (11): 4311–4336. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11229-015-0799-9">10.1007/s11229-015-0799-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5686289">5686289</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29200511">29200511</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Synthese&rft.atitle=What+Is+the+Extension+of+the+Extended+Mind%3F&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=4311-4336&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5686289%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29200511&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11229-015-0799-9&rft.aulast=Greif&rft.aufirst=Hajo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5686289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffin1998" class="citation book cs1">Griffin, Donald R. (1998). "Mind, Animal". States of Brain and Mind. Springer Science. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4899-6773-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4899-6773-2"><bdi>978-1-4899-6773-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mind%2C+Animal&rft.btitle=States+of+Brain+and+Mind&rft.pub=Springer+Science&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-4899-6773-2&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=Donald+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffin2013" class="citation book cs1">Griffin, Donald R. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K2uXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR9">Animal Minds: Beyond Cognition to Consciousness</a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-22712-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-22712-2"><bdi>978-0-226-22712-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506082348/https://books.google.com/books?id=K2uXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR9">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-06. Retrieved 2024-05-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+Minds%3A+Beyond+Cognition+to+Consciousness&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-226-22712-2&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=Donald+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK2uXAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroarke" class="citation web cs1">Groarke, Louis F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iep.utm.edu/aristotle-logic/">"Aristotle: Logic"</a>. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313235336/https://iep.utm.edu/aristotle-logic/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Aristotle%3A+Logic&rft.aulast=Groarke&rft.aufirst=Louis+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiep.utm.edu%2Faristotle-logic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross2020" class="citation book cs1">Gross, Richard (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7TsDwAAQBAJ">Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour</a> (8 ed.). Hodder Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5104-6846-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5104-6846-7"><bdi>978-1-5104-6846-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240421082834/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7TsDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-21. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psychology%3A+The+Science+of+Mind+and+Behaviour&rft.edition=8&rft.pub=Hodder+Education&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-5104-6846-7&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ7TsDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallAmes1998" class="citation book cs1">Hall, David L.; Ames, Roger T. (1998). "Xin (Heart-and-mind)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/xin-heart-and-mind/v-1">Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780415249126-G021-1">10.4324/9780415249126-G021-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25069-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25069-6"><bdi>978-0-415-25069-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508021312/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/xin-heart-and-mind/v-1">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Xin+%28Heart-and-mind%29&rft.btitle=Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780415249126-G021-1&rft.isbn=978-0-415-25069-6&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft.au=Ames%2C+Roger+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rep.routledge.com%2Farticles%2Fthematic%2Fxin-heart-and-mind%2Fv-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarman2013" class="citation book cs1">Harman, Gilbert (2013). "Rationality". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee181">The International Encyclopedia of Ethics</a> (1 ed.). Wiley. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781444367072.wbiee181">10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee181</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8641-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8641-4"><bdi>978-1-4051-8641-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814153621/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee181">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-08-14. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rationality&rft.btitle=The+International+Encyclopedia+of+Ethics&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781444367072.wbiee181&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8641-4&rft.aulast=Harman&rft.aufirst=Gilbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1002%2F9781444367072.wbiee181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarperCollins2022" class="citation web cs1">HarperCollins (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=parapsychology&submit.x=58&submit.y=14">"Parapsychology"</a>. The American Heritage Dictionary. HarperCollins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513103549/https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=parapsychology&submit.x=58&submit.y=14">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Parapsychology&rft.date=2022&rft.au=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dparapsychology%26submit.x%3D58%26submit.y%3D14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarperCollins2022a" class="citation web cs1">HarperCollins (2022a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=mind">"Mind"</a>. The American Heritage Dictionary. HarperCollins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230929225631/https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=mind">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Mind&rft.date=2022&rft.au=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dmind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarperCollins2022b" class="citation web cs1">HarperCollins (2022b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=soul">"Soul"</a>. The American Heritage Dictionary. HarperCollins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240512211158/https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=soul">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Soul&rft.date=2022&rft.au=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dsoul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarperCollins2022c" class="citation web cs1">HarperCollins (2022c). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=spirit">"Spirit"</a>. The American Heritage Dictionary. HarperCollins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240212104945/https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=spirit">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Spirit&rft.date=2022&rft.au=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dspirit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarperCollins2022d" class="citation web cs1">HarperCollins (2022d). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=cognition">"Cognition"</a>. The American Heritage Dictionary. HarperCollins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231117141104/https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=cognition">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Cognition&rft.date=2022&rft.au=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dcognition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarperCollins2022e" class="citation web cs1">HarperCollins (2022e). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=intellect">"Intellect"</a>. The American Heritage Dictionary. HarperCollins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509171944/https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=intellect">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Intellect&rft.date=2022&rft.au=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dintellect&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarperCollins2024" class="citation web cs1">HarperCollins (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mind">"Definition of Mind"</a>. Collin's Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 21 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collin%27s+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Mind&rft.date=2024&rft.au=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fmind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrell2018" class="citation book cs1">Harrell, Stevan (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lQDFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA478">Human Families</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3622-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3622-0"><bdi>978-0-8133-3622-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503165756/https://books.google.com/books?id=lQDFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA478">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-03. Retrieved 2024-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Families&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-3622-0&rft.aulast=Harrell&rft.aufirst=Stevan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlQDFDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatfield2013" class="citation book cs1">Hatfield, Gary (2013). "Introduction: The Evolution of Mind, Brain, and Culture". In Hatfield, Gary; Pittman, Holly (eds.). Evolution of Mind, Brain, and Culture. University of Pennsylvania Museum of archaeology and anthropology. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934536-49-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934536-49-0"><bdi>978-1-934536-49-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+The+Evolution+of+Mind%2C+Brain%2C+and+Culture&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+Mind%2C+Brain%2C+and+Culture&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Museum+of+archaeology+and+anthropology&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-934536-49-0&rft.aulast=Hatfield&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellier2014" class="citation book cs1">Hellier, Jennifer L. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FOTNEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR31">"Introduction: Neuroscience Overview"</a>. The Brain, the Nervous System, and Their Diseases. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-338-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-338-7"><bdi>978-1-61069-338-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240426124149/https://books.google.com/books?id=FOTNEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR31">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-26. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Neuroscience+Overview&rft.btitle=The+Brain%2C+the+Nervous+System%2C+and+Their+Diseases&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-338-7&rft.aulast=Hellier&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFOTNEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelms2000" class="citation book cs1">Helms, Marilyn M., ed. (2000). "Motivation and Motivation Theory". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/management/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/motivation-and-motivation-theory">Encyclopedia of Management</a> (4. ed.). Gale Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-3065-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-3065-2"><bdi>978-0-7876-3065-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210429193353/https://www.encyclopedia.com/management/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/motivation-and-motivation-theory">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2021-05-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Motivation+and+Motivation+Theory&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Management&rft.edition=4.&rft.pub=Gale+Group&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7876-3065-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fmanagement%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Fmotivation-and-motivation-theory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggsCooperLee2019" class="citation book cs1">Higgs, Suzanne; Cooper, Alison; Lee, Jonathan (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rkewDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3">Biological Psychology</a>. Sage Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5264-8278-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5264-8278-5"><bdi>978-1-5264-8278-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240427122523/https://books.google.com/books?id=rkewDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-27. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biological+Psychology&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-5264-8278-5&rft.aulast=Higgs&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Alison&rft.au=Lee%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrkewDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoad1993" class="citation book cs1">Hoad, T. F. (1993). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-283098-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-283098-2"><bdi>978-0-19-283098-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Oxford+Dictionary+of+English+Etymology&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-19-283098-2&rft.aulast=Hoad&rft.aufirst=T.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoff2020" class="citation book cs1">Hoff, Eva V. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7zm6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA617">"Imagination"</a>. In Runco, Mark A.; Pritzker, Steven R. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Creativity. Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-815615-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-815615-5"><bdi>978-0-12-815615-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418122058/https://books.google.com/books?id=7zm6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA617">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-18. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Imagination&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Creativity&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-12-815615-5&rft.aulast=Hoff&rft.aufirst=Eva+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7zm6DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHood2013" class="citation book cs1">Hood, Ralph W. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4020-8265-8_695">"Methodology in Psychology"</a>. Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions. Springer Netherlands. pp. 1314–1322. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-8265-8_695">10.1007/978-1-4020-8265-8_695</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-8265-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-8265-8"><bdi>978-1-4020-8265-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513103913/https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4020-8265-8_695">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Methodology+in+Psychology&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Sciences+and+Religions&rft.pages=1314-1322&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4020-8265-8_695&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-8265-8&rft.aulast=Hood&rft.aufirst=Ralph+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Freferenceworkentry%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4020-8265-8_695&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowittCramer2011" class="citation book cs1">Howitt, Dennis; Cramer, Duncan (2011). Introduction to Research Methods in Psychology (3 ed.). 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Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-993527-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-993527-7"><bdi>978-0-19-993527-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240421082525/https://books.google.com/books?id=78C6BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-21. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6.+Faculties+and+Modularity&rft.btitle=The+Faculties%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-993527-7&rft.aulast=Hufendiek&rft.aufirst=Rebekka&rft.au=Wild%2C+Markus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D78C6BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacob2023" class="citation web cs1">Jacob, Pierre (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/intentionality/">"Intentionality"</a>. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 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The Neocortex: Ontogeny and Phylogeny. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4899-0652-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4899-0652-6"><bdi>978-1-4899-0652-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503085632/https://books.google.com/books?id=9BsGCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-03. 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The Metaphysics of Mind. pp. 66–85. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780192830708.003.0005">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192830708.003.0005</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-167052-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-167052-7"><bdi>978-0-19-167052-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5.+Abilities%2C+Faculties%2C+Powers%2C+and+Dispositions&rft.btitle=The+Metaphysics+of+Mind&rft.pages=66-85&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780192830708.003.0005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-167052-7&rft.aulast=Kenny&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKihlstromTobias1991" class="citation book cs1">Kihlstrom, John F.; Tobias, Betsy A. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GwxnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA212">"Anosognosia, Consciousness, and the Self"</a>. In Prigatano, George P.; Schacter, Daniel L. (eds.). Awareness of Deficit After Brain Injury: Clinical and Theoretical Issues. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-505941-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-505941-0"><bdi>978-0-19-505941-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240419132111/https://books.google.com/books?id=GwxnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA212">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-19. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anosognosia%2C+Consciousness%2C+and+the+Self&rft.btitle=Awareness+of+Deficit+After+Brain+Injury%3A+Clinical+and+Theoretical+Issues&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-19-505941-0&rft.aulast=Kihlstrom&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft.au=Tobias%2C+Betsy+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGwxnDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2005" class="citation book cs1">Kim, Jaegwon (2005). "Mind, Problems of the Philosophy of". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199264797.001.0001/acref-9780199264797-e-1608?rskey=jqUtkA&result=1601">The Oxford Companion to Philosophy</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926479-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926479-7"><bdi>978-0-19-926479-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240411165434/https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199264797.001.0001/acref-9780199264797-e-1608?rskey=jqUtkA&result=1601">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mind%2C+Problems+of+the+Philosophy+of&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Philosophy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-926479-7&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Jaegwon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199264797.001.0001%2Facref-9780199264797-e-1608%3Frskey%3DjqUtkA%26result%3D1601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2011" class="citation book cs1">Kim, Jaegwon (2011). Philosophy of Mind (3rd ed.). Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-4458-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-4458-4"><bdi>978-0-8133-4458-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+Mind&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-4458-4&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Jaegwon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKind2017" class="citation book cs1">Kind, Amy (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/imagination/v-2">"Imagination"</a>. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780415249126-V017-2">10.4324/9780415249126-V017-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25069-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25069-6"><bdi>978-0-415-25069-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418122057/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/imagination/v-2">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-18. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Imagination&rft.btitle=Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780415249126-V017-2&rft.isbn=978-0-415-25069-6&rft.aulast=Kind&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rep.routledge.com%2Farticles%2Fthematic%2Fimagination%2Fv-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKind2018" class="citation book cs1">Kind, Amy (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oDhjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2010-IA3">"The Mind–Body Problem in 20th-Century Philosophy"</a>. Philosophy of Mind in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries: The History of the Philosophy of Mind, Volume 6. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-01938-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-01938-8"><bdi>978-0-429-01938-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240427122524/https://books.google.com/books?id=oDhjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2010-IA3">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-27. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Mind%E2%80%93Body+Problem+in+20th-Century+Philosophy&rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+Mind+in+the+Twentieth+and+Twenty-First+Centuries%3A+The+History+of+the+Philosophy+of+Mind%2C+Volume+6&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-429-01938-8&rft.aulast=Kind&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoDhjDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA2010-IA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKind2023" class="citation book cs1">Kind, Amy (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_VC_EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT25">"1. The Mind-Body Problem: Dualism Rebooted"</a>. In Kind, Amy; Stoljar, Daniel (eds.). What Is Consciousness?: A Debate. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-86666-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-86666-7"><bdi>978-1-000-86666-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240419132114/https://books.google.com/books?id=_VC_EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT25">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-19. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1.+The+Mind-Body+Problem%3A+Dualism+Rebooted&rft.btitle=What+Is+Consciousness%3F%3A+A+Debate&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-000-86666-7&rft.aulast=Kind&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_VC_EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiversteinFarinaClark2013" class="citation web cs1">Kiverstein, Julian; Farina, Mirko; Clark, Andy (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195396577/obo-9780195396577-0099.xml">"The Extended Mind Thesis"</a>. Oxford Bibliographies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240201104018/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195396577/obo-9780195396577-0099.xml">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Bibliographies&rft.atitle=The+Extended+Mind+Thesis&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Kiverstein&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft.au=Farina%2C+Mirko&rft.au=Clark%2C+Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fdisplay%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780195396577%2Fobo-9780195396577-0099.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnauffSpohn2021" class="citation book cs1">Knauff, Markus; Spohn, Wolfgang (2021). "Psychological and Philosophical Frameworks of Rationality—A Systematic Introduction". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xVgjEAAAQBAJ">The Handbook of Rationality</a>. MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-36185-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-36185-9"><bdi>978-0-262-36185-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513103546/https://books.google.com/books?id=xVgjEAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-13. 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Dictionary of Cognitive Science: Neuroscience, Psychology, Artificial Intelligence, Linguistics, and Philosophy. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-45635-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-45635-1"><bdi>978-1-135-45635-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240427171407/https://books.google.com/books?id=gi-PAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA274">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-27. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Modularity%3A+Neuroscience&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Cognitive+Science%3A+Neuroscience%2C+Psychology%2C+Artificial+Intelligence%2C+Linguistics%2C+and+Philosophy&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-135-45635-1&rft.aulast=Koenig&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgi-PAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKriegel2014" class="citation book cs1">Kriegel, Uriah (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ICf-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA384">"Intentionality"</a>. In Bayne, Tim; Cleeremans, Axel; Wilken, Patrick (eds.). The Oxford Companion to Consciousness. 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Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240221023024/https://iep.utm.edu/prop-ati/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Propositional+Attitudes&rft.aulast=Lindeman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiep.utm.edu%2Fprop-ati%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuhrmann2023" class="citation web cs1">Luhrmann, Tanya Marie (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anthroencyclopedia.com/entry/mind">"Mind"</a>. The Open Encyclopedia of Anthropology. Cambridge University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240507133242/https://www.anthroencyclopedia.com/entry/mind">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Open+Encyclopedia+of+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Mind&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Luhrmann&rft.aufirst=Tanya+Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anthroencyclopedia.com%2Fentry%2Fmind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLurz" class="citation web cs1">Lurz, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iep.utm.edu/animal-mind/">"Minds, Animal"</a>. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506082341/https://iep.utm.edu/animal-mind/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Minds%2C+Animal&rft.aulast=Lurz&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiep.utm.edu%2Fanimal-mind%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacmillanLena2010" class="citation journal cs1">Macmillan, Malcolm; Lena, Matthew L. (2010). "Rehabilitating Phineas Gage". Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. 20 (5): 641–658. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09602011003760527">10.1080/09602011003760527</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20480430">20480430</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuropsychological+Rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Rehabilitating+Phineas+Gage&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=641-658&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09602011003760527&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20480430&rft.aulast=Macmillan&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft.au=Lena%2C+Matthew+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMandalaywalaFleenerMaestripieri2014" class="citation book cs1">Mandalaywala, Tara; Fleener, Christine; Maestripieri, Dario (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ylzEBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA28">"Intelligence in Nonhuman Primates"</a>. In Goldstein, Sam; Princiotta, Dana; Naglieri, Jack A. (eds.). Handbook of Intelligence: Evolutionary Theory, Historical Perspective, and Current Concepts. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4939-1562-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4939-1562-0"><bdi>978-1-4939-1562-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502164913/https://books.google.com/books?id=ylzEBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA28">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-02. Retrieved 2024-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Intelligence+in+Nonhuman+Primates&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Intelligence%3A+Evolutionary+Theory%2C+Historical+Perspective%2C+and+Current+Concepts&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4939-1562-0&rft.aulast=Mandalaywala&rft.aufirst=Tara&rft.au=Fleener%2C+Christine&rft.au=Maestripieri%2C+Dario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DylzEBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMandik2014" class="citation book cs1">Mandik, Pete (2014). This Is Philosophy of Mind: An Introduction. Wiley Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-67447-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-67447-5"><bdi>978-0-470-67447-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Is+Philosophy+of+Mind%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-470-67447-5&rft.aulast=Mandik&rft.aufirst=Pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcum2008" class="citation book cs1">Marcum, James A. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1arGI9NZcAkC&pg=PA19">An Introductory Philosophy of Medicine: Humanizing Modern Medicine</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-6797-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-6797-6"><bdi>978-1-4020-6797-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423124525/https://books.google.com/books?id=1arGI9NZcAkC&pg=PA19">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-23. 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Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4615-1077-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4615-1077-2"><bdi>978-1-4615-1077-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240426124552/https://books.google.com/books?id=II3lBwAAQBAJ&pg=SA1-PA3">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-26. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Integrated+Neuroscience%3A+A+Clinical+Problem+Solving+Approach&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4615-1077-2&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=Elliott+M.&rft.au=Jacobson%2C+Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DII3lBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DSA1-PA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshMelvillMorganNorris2007" class="citation book cs1">Marsh, Ian; Melvill, Gaynor; Morgan, Keith; Norris, Gareth; Walkington, Zoe (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q6B-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44">Theories of Crime</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-19842-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-19842-9"><bdi>978-1-134-19842-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423124530/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q6B-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-23. 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Springer Nature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-49183-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-49183-3"><bdi>978-3-030-49183-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420130626/https://books.google.com/books?id=YlvwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA172">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-20. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rationality%2C+Cognitive+Bias%2C+and+Artificial+Intelligence%3A+A+Structural+Perspective+on+Quantum+Cognitive+Science&rft.btitle=Engineering+Psychology+and+Cognitive+Ergonomics%3A+Cognition+and+Design+Part+2&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-3-030-49183-3&rft.aulast=Maruyama&rft.aufirst=Yoshihiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYlvwDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatheson2017" class="citation book cs1">Matheson, Benjamin (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6dM5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12">"Introduction"</a>. In Nagasawa, Yujin; Matheson, Benjamin (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of the Afterlife. 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John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5095-3878-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5095-3878-2"><bdi>978-1-5095-3878-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506114607/https://books.google.com/books?id=viQqEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT81">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-06. Retrieved 2024-05-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Is+Philosophy+of+Mind%3F&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-5095-3878-2&rft.aulast=McClelland&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DviQqEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLear" class="citation web cs1">McLear, Colin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iep.utm.edu/kantmind/">"Kant: Philosophy of Mind"</a>. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231209114253/https://iep.utm.edu/kantmind/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Kant%3A+Philosophy+of+Mind&rft.aulast=McLear&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiep.utm.edu%2Fkantmind%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcPeek2009" class="citation book cs1">McPeek, Robert M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LlN2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA98">"Attention: Physiological"</a>. In Goldstein, E. Bruce (ed.). Encyclopedia of Perception. SAGE Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-6615-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-6615-2"><bdi>978-1-4522-6615-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240419100229/https://books.google.com/books?id=LlN2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA98">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-19. 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The Philosophical Quarterly. 74 (3): 844–864. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpq%2Fpqad090">10.1093/pq/pqad090</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philosophical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Are+Humans+the+Only+Rational+Animals%3F&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=844-864&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fpq%2Fpqad090&rft.aulast=Melis&rft.aufirst=Giacomo&rft.au=Mons%C3%B3%2C+Susana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerriam-Webster2024" class="citation web cs1">Merriam-Webster (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mentality">"Definition of Mentality"</a>. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701144132/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mentality">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2024-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Mentality&rft.date=2024&rft.au=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fmentality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerriam-Webster2024a" class="citation web cs1">Merriam-Webster (2024a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/spirit">"Definition of Spirit"</a>. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240511020746/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/spirit">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-11. Retrieved 2024-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Spirit&rft.date=2024&rft.au=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fspirit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerriam-Webster2024b" class="citation web cs1">Merriam-Webster (2024b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/intellect">"Definition of Intellect"</a>. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508144418/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/intellect">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-08. Retrieved 2024-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Intellect&rft.date=2024&rft.au=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fintellect&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerriam-Webster2024c" class="citation web cs1">Merriam-Webster (2024c). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/intelligence">"Definition of Intelligence"</a>. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240405151506/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/intelligence">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-05. Retrieved 2024-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Intelligence&rft.date=2024&rft.au=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fintelligence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyerMeyerFarrarBiezonski2022" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, Jerrold S.; Meyer, Jerry; Farrar, Andrew M.; Biezonski, Dominik; Yates, Jennifer R. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8fhgEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA27">Psychopharmacology: Drugs, the Brain, and Behavior</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60535-987-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60535-987-8"><bdi>978-1-60535-987-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423124533/https://books.google.com/books?id=8fhgEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA27">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psychopharmacology%3A+Drugs%2C+the+Brain%2C+and+Behavior&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-60535-987-8&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Jerrold+S.&rft.au=Meyer%2C+Jerry&rft.au=Farrar%2C+Andrew+M.&rft.au=Biezonski%2C+Dominik&rft.au=Yates%2C+Jennifer+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8fhgEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMijoia2005" class="citation book cs1">Mijoia, Alain de (2005). "The Unconscious". International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. Macmillan Reference USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865927-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865927-5"><bdi>978-0-02-865927-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Unconscious&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Psychoanalysis&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference+USA&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-02-865927-5&rft.aulast=Mijoia&rft.aufirst=Alain+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton2005" class="citation book cs1">Morton, Adam (2005). "Mind". In Honderich, Ted (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926479-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926479-7"><bdi>978-0-19-926479-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mind&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Philosophy&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-926479-7&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller1996" class="citation book cs1">Müller, Jörg P. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kcEOhEWYDCgC&pg=PA14">The Design of Intelligent Agents: A Layered Approach</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-62003-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-62003-7"><bdi>978-3-540-62003-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240425123850/https://books.google.com/books?id=kcEOhEWYDCgC&pg=PA14">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-25. Retrieved 2024-04-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Design+of+Intelligent+Agents%3A+A+Layered+Approach&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-3-540-62003-7&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B6rg+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkcEOhEWYDCgC%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2003" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Patricia (2003). "1. Defining Pedagogy". In Gipps, Caroline V. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BjqQAgAAQBAJ">Equity in the Classroom: Towards Effective Pedagogy for Girls and Boys</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-71682-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-71682-0"><bdi>978-1-135-71682-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125192615/https://books.google.com/books?id=BjqQAgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1.+Defining+Pedagogy&rft.btitle=Equity+in+the+Classroom%3A+Towards+Effective+Pedagogy+for+Girls+and+Boys&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-135-71682-0&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBjqQAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphyDonovanSmart2020" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Dominic; Donovan, Caitrin; Smart, Gemma Lucy (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=of75DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA103">"Mental Health and Well-Being in Philosophy"</a>. In Sholl, Jonathan; Rattan, Suresh I. S. (eds.). Explaining Health Across the Sciences. Springer Nature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-52663-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-52663-4"><bdi>978-3-030-52663-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240505121807/https://books.google.com/books?id=of75DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA103">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2024-05-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mental+Health+and+Well-Being+in+Philosophy&rft.btitle=Explaining+Health+Across+the+Sciences&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-3-030-52663-4&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft.au=Donovan%2C+Caitrin&rft.au=Smart%2C+Gemma+Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dof75DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNairne2011" class="citation book cs1">Nairne, James S. (2011). Psychology (5 ed.). Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8400-3310-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8400-3310-9"><bdi>978-0-8400-3310-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psychology&rft.edition=5&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8400-3310-9&rft.aulast=Nairne&rft.aufirst=James+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolfi2015" class="citation journal cs1">Nolfi, Kate (2015). "Which Mental States Are Rationally Evaluable, And Why?". Philosophical Issues. 25 (1): 41–63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fphis.12051">10.1111/phis.12051</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Issues&rft.atitle=Which+Mental+States+Are+Rationally+Evaluable%2C+And+Why%3F&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=41-63&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fphis.12051&rft.aulast=Nolfi&rft.aufirst=Kate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoll2009" class="citation book cs1">Noll, Richard (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jzoJxps189IC&pg=PA122">The Encyclopedia of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders</a>. Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7508-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7508-9"><bdi>978-0-8160-7508-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240505095212/https://books.google.com/books?id=jzoJxps189IC&pg=PA122">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2024-05-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Schizophrenia+and+Other+Psychotic+Disorders&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-7508-9&rft.aulast=Noll&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjzoJxps189IC%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNunes2011" class="citation book cs1">Nunes, Terezinha (2011). "Logical Reasoning and Learning". In Seel, Norbert M. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xZuSxo4JxoAC">Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4419-1427-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4419-1427-9"><bdi>978-1-4419-1427-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210114047/https://books.google.com/books?id=xZuSxo4JxoAC">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 21 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Logical+Reasoning+and+Learning&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Sciences+of+Learning&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4419-1427-9&rft.aulast=Nunes&rft.aufirst=Terezinha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxZuSxo4JxoAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOakley2004" class="citation book cs1">Oakley, Lisa (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iSOCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1">Cognitive Development</a>. 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Retrieved 2024-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=There+Is+No+Problem+of+the+Self&rft.btitle=Models+of+the+Self&rft.pub=Andrews+UK+Limited&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84540-723-0&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Eric+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT7W7BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOprisCasanovaLebedevPopescu2017" class="citation book cs1">Opris, Ioan; Casanova, Manuel F.; Lebedev, Mikhail A.; Popescu, Aurel I. (2017). "Prefrontal Cortical Microcircuits Support the Emergence of Mind". In Opris, Ioan (ed.). The Physics of the Mind and Brain Disorders: Integrated Neural Circuits Supporting the Emergence of Mind. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-29672-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-29672-2"><bdi>978-3-319-29672-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Prefrontal+Cortical+Microcircuits+Support+the+Emergence+of+Mind&rft.btitle=The+Physics+of+the+Mind+and+Brain+Disorders%3A+Integrated+Neural+Circuits+Supporting+the+Emergence+of+Mind&rft.pub=Springer+Berlin+Heidelberg&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-319-29672-2&rft.aulast=Opris&rft.aufirst=Ioan&rft.au=Casanova%2C+Manuel+F.&rft.au=Lebedev%2C+Mikhail+A.&rft.au=Popescu%2C+Aurel+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOvergaard2010" class="citation book cs1">Overgaard, Søren (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-90-481-2646-0_14">"The Problem of Other Minds"</a>. Handbook of Phenomenology and Cognitive Science. Springer Netherlands. pp. 254–268. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-90-481-2646-0_14">10.1007/978-90-481-2646-0_14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-481-2646-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-481-2646-0"><bdi>978-90-481-2646-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513103943/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-90-481-2646-0_14">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-05-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Problem+of+Other+Minds&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Phenomenology+and+Cognitive+Science&rft.pages=254-268&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-90-481-2646-0_14&rft.isbn=978-90-481-2646-0&rft.aulast=Overgaard&rft.aufirst=S%C3%B8ren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-90-481-2646-0_14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO’Madagain" class="citation web cs1">O’Madagain, Cathal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iep.utm.edu/intentio/">"Intentionality"</a>. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240428121740/https://iep.utm.edu/intentio/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Intentionality&rft.aulast=O%E2%80%99Madagain&rft.aufirst=Cathal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiep.utm.edu%2Fintentio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPacker2017" class="citation book cs1">Packer, Martin J. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V5NBDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7">Child Development: Understanding A Cultural Perspective</a>. Sage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5264-1311-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5264-1311-6"><bdi>978-1-5264-1311-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503165925/https://books.google.com/books?id=V5NBDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-03. Retrieved 2024-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Child+Development%3A+Understanding+A+Cultural+Perspective&rft.pub=Sage&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-5264-1311-6&rft.aulast=Packer&rft.aufirst=Martin+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV5NBDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaivio2014" class="citation book cs1">Paivio, Allan (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FaGYAgAAQBAJ&pg=PR6">Mind and Its Evolution: A Dual Coding Theoretical Approach</a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-71690-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-71690-7"><bdi>978-1-317-71690-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240421082535/https://books.google.com/books?id=FaGYAgAAQBAJ&pg=PR6">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-21. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mind+and+Its+Evolution%3A+A+Dual+Coding+Theoretical+Approach&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-71690-7&rft.aulast=Paivio&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFaGYAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPashler2013" class="citation book cs1">Pashler, Harold (2013). "Introduction". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lu3aMe6kRowC">Encyclopedia of the Mind</a>. Sage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-5057-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-5057-2"><bdi>978-1-4129-5057-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240421082833/https://books.google.com/books?id=lu3aMe6kRowC">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-21. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Mind&rft.pub=Sage&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-5057-2&rft.aulast=Pashler&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlu3aMe6kRowC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPennHolyoakPovinelli2008" class="citation journal cs1">Penn, Derek C.; Holyoak, Keith J.; Povinelli, Daniel J. (2008). "Darwin's Mistake: Explaining the Discontinuity Between Human and Nonhuman Minds". Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 31 (2): 109–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0140525X08003543">10.1017/S0140525X08003543</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18479531">18479531</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+and+Brain+Sciences&rft.atitle=Darwin%27s+Mistake%3A+Explaining+the+Discontinuity+Between+Human+and+Nonhuman+Minds&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=109-130&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0140525X08003543&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18479531&rft.aulast=Penn&rft.aufirst=Derek+C.&rft.au=Holyoak%2C+Keith+J.&rft.au=Povinelli%2C+Daniel+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerler2015" class="citation book cs1">Perler, Dominik (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=78C6BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3">"Introduction"</a>. The Faculties: A History. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-993527-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-993527-7"><bdi>978-0-19-993527-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240421082525/https://books.google.com/books?id=78C6BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-21. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Faculties%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-993527-7&rft.aulast=Perler&rft.aufirst=Dominik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D78C6BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolger" class="citation web cs1">Polger, Thomas W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iep.utm.edu/functism/">"Functionalism"</a>. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190519120233/https://www.iep.utm.edu/functism/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Functionalism&rft.aulast=Polger&rft.aufirst=Thomas+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiep.utm.edu%2Ffunctism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopescuOpris2017" class="citation book cs1">Popescu, Aurel I.; Opris, Ioan (2017). "Introduction: From Neurons to the Mind". In Opris, Ioan (ed.). The Physics of the Mind and Brain Disorders: Integrated Neural Circuits Supporting the Emergence of Mind. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-29672-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-29672-2"><bdi>978-3-319-29672-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+From+Neurons+to+the+Mind&rft.btitle=The+Physics+of+the+Mind+and+Brain+Disorders%3A+Integrated+Neural+Circuits+Supporting+the+Emergence+of+Mind&rft.pub=Springer+Berlin+Heidelberg&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-319-29672-2&rft.aulast=Popescu&rft.aufirst=Aurel+I.&rft.au=Opris%2C+Ioan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRao2002" class="citation journal cs1">Rao, A. 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Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 44 (4): 315–325. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-5545">0019-5545</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2955300">2955300</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21206593">21206593</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=%27Mind%27+in+Indian+Philosophy&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=315-325&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2955300%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0019-5545&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21206593&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=A.+Venkoba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2955300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRassool2021" class="citation book cs1">Rassool, G. 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Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925254-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925254-1"><bdi>978-0-19-925254-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240422084110/https://books.google.com/books?id=f1EAEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA47">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-22. 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Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-22147-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-22147-2"><bdi>978-3-319-22147-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423091743/https://books.google.com/books?id=k_3NCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA91">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neuro-Organizational+Culture%3A+A+New+Approach+to+Understanding+Human+Behavior+and+Interaction+in+the+Workplace&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-319-22147-2&rft.aulast=Reisyan&rft.aufirst=Garo+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk_3NCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRescorla2020" class="citation web cs1">Rescorla, Michael (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computational-mind/">"The Computational Theory of Mind"</a>. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218211337/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computational-mind/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=The+Computational+Theory+of+Mind&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Rescorla&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fcomputational-mind%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRescorla2023" class="citation web cs1">Rescorla, Michael (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/language-thought/">"The Language of Thought Hypothesis"</a>. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513103754/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/language-thought/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=The+Language+of+Thought+Hypothesis&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Rescorla&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Flanguage-thought%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReyesSherwood2014" class="citation book cs1">Reyes, Laura D.; Sherwood, Chet C. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I1kqBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12">"Neuroscience and Human Brain Evolution"</a>. In Bruner, Emiliano (ed.). Human Paleoneurology. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-08500-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-08500-5"><bdi>978-3-319-08500-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502164914/https://books.google.com/books?id=I1kqBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-02. Retrieved 2024-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Neuroscience+and+Human+Brain+Evolution&rft.btitle=Human+Paleoneurology&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-319-08500-5&rft.aulast=Reyes&rft.aufirst=Laura+D.&rft.au=Sherwood%2C+Chet+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI1kqBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbins2017" class="citation web cs1">Robbins, Philip (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/modularity-mind/">"Modularity of Mind"</a>. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210212012915/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/modularity-mind/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Modularity+of+Mind&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fmodularity-mind%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2013" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Gerhard (2013). The Long Evolution of Brains and Minds. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-007-6258-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-007-6258-9"><bdi>978-94-007-6258-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Long+Evolution+of+Brains+and+Minds&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-94-007-6258-9&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothman2021" class="citation book cs1">Rothman, Abdallah (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DWbwEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2010">Developing a Model of Islamic Psychology and Psychotherapy: Islamic Theology and Contemporary Understandings of Psychology</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-41621-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-41621-3"><bdi>978-1-000-41621-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508165419/https://books.google.com/books?id=DWbwEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2010">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-08. Retrieved 2024-05-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Developing+a+Model+of+Islamic+Psychology+and+Psychotherapy%3A+Islamic+Theology+and+Contemporary+Understandings+of+Psychology&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-000-41621-3&rft.aulast=Rothman&rft.aufirst=Abdallah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDWbwEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowlandsLauDeutsch2020" class="citation web cs1">Rowlands, Mark; Lau, Joe; Deutsch, Max (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/content-externalism/">"Externalism About the Mind"</a>. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413163023/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/content-externalism/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Externalism+About+the+Mind&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Rowlands&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Lau%2C+Joe&rft.au=Deutsch%2C+Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fcontent-externalism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowlands2009" class="citation journal cs1">Rowlands, Mark (2009). "Enactivism and the Extended Mind". Topoi. 28 (1): 53–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11245-008-9046-z">10.1007/s11245-008-9046-z</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Topoi&rft.atitle=Enactivism+and+the+Extended+Mind&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=53-62&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11245-008-9046-z&rft.aulast=Rowlands&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRysiew2012" class="citation web cs1">Rysiew, Patrick (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195396577/obo-9780195396577-0175.xml">"Rationality"</a>. Oxford Bibliographies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221223011314/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195396577/obo-9780195396577-0175.xml">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Bibliographies&rft.atitle=Rationality&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Rysiew&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fdisplay%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780195396577%2Fobo-9780195396577-0175.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaab2009" class="citation book cs1">Saab, Carl Y. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EFu-_qZiEN4C&pg=PA1">The Hindbrain</a>. Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1965-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1965-6"><bdi>978-1-4381-1965-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240422132340/https://books.google.com/books?id=EFu-_qZiEN4C&pg=PA1">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-22. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hindbrain&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-1965-6&rft.aulast=Saab&rft.aufirst=Carl+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEFu-_qZiEN4C%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadriFlammia2011" class="citation book cs1">Sadri, Houman A.; Flammia, Madelyn (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zkK0YqB4cfQC&pg=PA53">Intercultural Communication: A New Approach to International Relations and Global Challenges</a>. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-0309-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-0309-3"><bdi>978-1-4411-0309-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513103911/https://books.google.com/books?id=zkK0YqB4cfQC&pg=PA53#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intercultural+Communication%3A+A+New+Approach+to+International+Relations+and+Global+Challenges&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-0309-3&rft.aulast=Sadri&rft.aufirst=Houman+A.&rft.au=Flammia%2C+Madelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzkK0YqB4cfQC%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandersonHuffman2019" class="citation book cs1">Sanderson, Catherine A.; Huffman, Karen R. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gmfDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA59">Real World Psychology</a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-57775-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-57775-1"><bdi>978-1-119-57775-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240422174004/https://books.google.com/books?id=gmfDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA59">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-22. 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Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89281-409-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89281-409-1"><bdi>978-0-89281-409-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510083339/https://books.google.com/books?id=aUZBqTKTAfIC&pg=PA116">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-10. 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John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-75672-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-75672-0"><bdi>978-0-470-75672-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240426125729/https://books.google.com/books?id=mqcvrd7rKc0C&pg=PA270">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-26. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sensation+and+Perception+Research+Methods&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Research+Methods+in+Experimental+Psychology&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-470-75672-0&rft.aulast=Scharff&rft.aufirst=Lauren+Fruh+VanSickle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmqcvrd7rKc0C%26pg%3DPA270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoenbergMarshLerner2011" class="citation book cs1">Schoenberg, Mike R.; Marsh, Patrick J.; Lerner, Alan J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=67SDJTaAIwIC&pg=PA76">"Neuroanatomy Primer: Structure and Function of the Human Nervous System"</a>. In Schoenberg, Mike R.; Scott, James G. (eds.). The Little Black Book of Neuropsychology: A Syndrome-Based Approach. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-76978-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-76978-3"><bdi>978-0-387-76978-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513103931/https://books.google.com/books?id=67SDJTaAIwIC&pg=PA76#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Neuroanatomy+Primer%3A+Structure+and+Function+of+the+Human+Nervous+System&rft.btitle=The+Little+Black+Book+of+Neuropsychology%3A+A+Syndrome-Based+Approach&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-387-76978-3&rft.aulast=Schoenberg&rft.aufirst=Mike+R.&rft.au=Marsh%2C+Patrick+J.&rft.au=Lerner%2C+Alan+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D67SDJTaAIwIC%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchweizer1993" class="citation journal cs1">Schweizer, Paul (1993). "Mind/Consciousness Dualism in Sankhya-Yoga Philosophy". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 53 (4). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2108256">10.2307/2108256</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2108256">2108256</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophy+and+Phenomenological+Research&rft.atitle=Mind%2FConsciousness+Dualism+in+Sankhya-Yoga+Philosophy&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2108256&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2108256%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Schweizer&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwitzgebel2024" class="citation web cs1">Schwitzgebel, Eric (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/belief/">"Belief"</a>. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191115080001/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/belief/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Belief&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Schwitzgebel&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fbelief%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSearle1991" class="citation journal cs1">Searle, John R. (1991). "Consciousness, Unconsciousness and Intentionality". Philosophical Issues. 1: 45–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1522923">10.2307/1522923</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1522923">1522923</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Issues&rft.atitle=Consciousness%2C+Unconsciousness+and+Intentionality&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=45-66&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1522923&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1522923%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Searle&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSearle2004" class="citation book cs1">Searle, John R. (2004). Mind: A Brief Introduction. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515733-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515733-8"><bdi>978-0-19-515733-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mind%3A+A+Brief+Introduction&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-515733-8&rft.aulast=Searle&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaffer2015" class="citation journal cs1">Shaffer, Michael J. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philpapers.org/rec/SHATPO-64">"The Problem of Necessary and Sufficient Conditions and Conceptual Analysis"</a>. Metaphilosophy. 46 (4–5): 555–563. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fmeta.12158">10.1111/meta.12158</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160710090121/http://philpapers.org/rec/SHATPO-64">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-07-10. Retrieved 2024-05-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metaphilosophy&rft.atitle=The+Problem+of+Necessary+and+Sufficient+Conditions+and+Conceptual+Analysis&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4%E2%80%935&rft.pages=555-563&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fmeta.12158&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Frec%2FSHATPO-64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharmaBranscum2020" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Manoj; Branscum, Paul (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rC7yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122">Foundations of Mental Health Promotion</a>. Jones & Bartlett Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-284-19975-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-284-19975-8"><bdi>978-1-284-19975-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240505095211/https://books.google.com/books?id=rC7yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2024-05-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+Mental+Health+Promotion&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Learning&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-284-19975-8&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Manoj&rft.au=Branscum%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrC7yDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharmaSharma1997" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Rajendra Kumar; Sharma, Rachana (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8k7kK_J_MM4C&pg=PA7">Social Psychology</a>. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7156-707-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7156-707-2"><bdi>978-81-7156-707-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240427122521/https://books.google.com/books?id=8k7kK_J_MM4C&pg=PA7">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-27. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Psychology&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-7156-707-2&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Rajendra+Kumar&rft.au=Sharma%2C+Rachana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8k7kK_J_MM4C%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharov2012" class="citation book cs1">Sharov, Alexei A. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ5HAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA343">"Minimal Mind"</a>. In Swan, Liz (ed.). Origins of Mind. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-007-5419-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-007-5419-5"><bdi>978-94-007-5419-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240421082524/https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ5HAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA343">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-21. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Minimal+Mind&rft.btitle=Origins+of+Mind&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-94-007-5419-5&rft.aulast=Sharov&rft.aufirst=Alexei+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoQ5HAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiegel2017" class="citation book cs1">Siegel, Harvey (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6WEwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA157">Education's Epistemology: Rationality, Diversity, and Critical Thinking</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-068267-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-068267-5"><bdi>978-0-19-068267-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420130630/https://books.google.com/books?id=6WEwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA157">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-20. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Education%27s+Epistemology%3A+Rationality%2C+Diversity%2C+and+Critical+Thinking&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-19-068267-5&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6WEwDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger2000" class="citation book cs1">Singer, Jerome L. (2000). "Imagination". In Kazdin, Alan E. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Psychology (Volume 4). 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Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506234940/https://iep.utm.edu/int-ex-ml/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Internalism+and+Externalism+in+the+Philosophy+of+Mind+and+Language&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Basil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiep.utm.edu%2Fint-ex-ml%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1996" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Jeremy J. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pl0Cgb4IMKUC&pg=PA105">An Historical Study of English: Function, Form and Change</a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-13273-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-13273-2"><bdi>978-0-415-13273-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510083336/https://books.google.com/books?id=pl0Cgb4IMKUC&pg=PA105">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-10. Retrieved 2024-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Historical+Study+of+English%3A+Function%2C+Form+and+Change&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-415-13273-2&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jeremy+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dpl0Cgb4IMKUC%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2013" class="citation book cs1">Smith, David Woodruff (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6a03AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT358">"Phenomenological Methoda in Philosophy of Mind"</a>. In Haug, Matthew (ed.). Philosophical Methodology: The Armchair or the Laboratory?. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-10710-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-10710-9"><bdi>978-1-135-10710-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240427122523/https://books.google.com/books?id=6a03AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT358">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-27. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Phenomenological+Methoda+in+Philosophy+of+Mind&rft.btitle=Philosophical+Methodology%3A+The+Armchair+or+the+Laboratory%3F&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-10710-9&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David+Woodruff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6a03AAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2018" class="citation web cs1">Smith, David Woodruff (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/phenomenology/">"Phenomenology"</a>. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200623203855/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/phenomenology/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Phenomenology&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David+Woodruff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fphenomenology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithies2019" class="citation book cs1">Smithies, Declan (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s7emDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83">The Epistemic Role of Consciousness</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-094853-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-094853-5"><bdi>978-0-19-094853-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240419100231/https://books.google.com/books?id=s7emDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-19. 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John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-5183-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-5183-5"><bdi>978-1-4443-5183-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503165758/https://books.google.com/books?id=8WrqZaqtzgUC&pg=PA169">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-03. Retrieved 2024-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Action+in+Infancy+%E2%80%93+Perspectives%2C+Concepts%2C+and+Challenges&rft.btitle=The+Wiley-Blackwell+Handbook+of+Infant+Development%2C+Volume+1%3A+Basic+Research&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-5183-5&rft.aulast=Smitsman&rft.aufirst=Ad+W.&rft.au=Corbetta%2C+Daniela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8WrqZaqtzgUC%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpradlinPorterfield2012" class="citation book cs1">Spradlin, W. W.; Porterfield, P. B. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aynUBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17">The Search for Certainty</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4612-5212-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4612-5212-2"><bdi>978-1-4612-5212-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506082420/https://books.google.com/books?id=aynUBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-06. Retrieved 2024-05-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Search+for+Certainty&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4612-5212-2&rft.aulast=Spradlin&rft.aufirst=W.+W.&rft.au=Porterfield%2C+P.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaynUBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpruit2008" class="citation book cs1">Spruit, Leen (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8dM6T86QreYC&pg=PA203">"Renaissance Views of Active Perception"</a>. In Knuuttila, Simo; Kärkkäinen, Pekka (eds.). Theories of Perception in Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-6125-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-6125-7"><bdi>978-1-4020-6125-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240427171420/https://books.google.com/books?id=8dM6T86QreYC&pg=PA203">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-27. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Renaissance+Views+of+Active+Perception&rft.btitle=Theories+of+Perception+in+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Philosophy&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-6125-7&rft.aulast=Spruit&rft.aufirst=Leen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8dM6T86QreYC%26pg%3DPA203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStairs1998" class="citation book cs1">Stairs, Allen (1998). "Parapsychology". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/parapsychology/v-1">Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780415249126-W029-1">10.4324/9780415249126-W029-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25069-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25069-6"><bdi>978-0-415-25069-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230513204043/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/parapsychology/v-1">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Parapsychology&rft.btitle=Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780415249126-W029-1&rft.isbn=978-0-415-25069-6&rft.aulast=Stairs&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rep.routledge.com%2Farticles%2Fthematic%2Fparapsychology%2Fv-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg_Gould2020" class="citation book cs1">Steinberg Gould, Carol (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yAT1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA151">"6. Psychoanalysis, Imagination, and Imaginative Resistance: A Genesis of the Post-Freudian World"</a>. In Moser, Keith; Sukla, Ananta (eds.). Imagination and Art: Explorations in Contemporary Theory. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43635-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43635-0"><bdi>978-90-04-43635-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240419132111/https://books.google.com/books?id=yAT1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA151">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-19. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6.+Psychoanalysis%2C+Imagination%2C+and+Imaginative+Resistance%3A+A+Genesis+of+the+Post-Freudian+World&rft.btitle=Imagination+and+Art%3A+Explorations+in+Contemporary+Theory&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-90-04-43635-0&rft.aulast=Steinberg+Gould&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyAT1DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteiner2014" class="citation book cs1">Steiner, Gary (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nHBEBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA93">"Cognition and Community"</a>. In Petrus, Klaus; Wild, Markus (eds.). Animal Minds & Animal Ethics: Connecting Two Separate Fields. transcript Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8394-2462-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8394-2462-9"><bdi>978-3-8394-2462-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506082346/https://books.google.com/books?id=nHBEBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA93">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-06. Retrieved 2024-05-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cognition+and+Community&rft.btitle=Animal+Minds+%26+Animal+Ethics%3A+Connecting+Two+Separate+Fields&rft.pub=transcript+Verlag&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-8394-2462-9&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnHBEBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStichWarfield2008" class="citation book cs1">Stich, Stephen P.; Warfield, Ted A. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NEGK_ZStddkC&pg=PR7">"Introduction"</a>. The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Mind. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-99875-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-99875-5"><bdi>978-0-470-99875-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240501111034/https://books.google.com/books?id=NEGK_ZStddkC&pg=PR7">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-01. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Guide+to+Philosophy+of+Mind&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-470-99875-5&rft.aulast=Stich&rft.aufirst=Stephen+P.&rft.au=Warfield%2C+Ted+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNEGK_ZStddkC%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoljar2010" class="citation book cs1">Stoljar, Daniel (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iqGLAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA10">Physicalism</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-14922-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-14922-2"><bdi>978-1-135-14922-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423124532/https://books.google.com/books?id=iqGLAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA10">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physicalism&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-135-14922-2&rft.aulast=Stoljar&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiqGLAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoljar2024" class="citation web cs1">Stoljar, Daniel (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/physicalism/">"Physicalism"</a>. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191103205051/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/physicalism/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Physicalism&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Stoljar&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fphysicalism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwinburne1998" class="citation book cs1">Swinburne, Richard (1998). "Soul, Nature and Immortality of the". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/soul-nature-and-immortality-of-the/v-1">Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780415249126-K096-1">10.4324/9780415249126-K096-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25069-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25069-6"><bdi>978-0-415-25069-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928035227/https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/soul-nature-and-immortality-of-the/v-1">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-09-28. Retrieved 2024-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Soul%2C+Nature+and+Immortality+of+the&rft.btitle=Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780415249126-K096-1&rft.isbn=978-0-415-25069-6&rft.aulast=Swinburne&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rep.routledge.com%2Farticles%2Fthematic%2Fsoul-nature-and-immortality-of-the%2Fv-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwinburne2013" class="citation book cs1">Swinburne, Richard (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GxCSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA72">Mind, Brain, and Free Will</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-105744-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-105744-1"><bdi>978-0-19-105744-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240419175023/https://books.google.com/books?id=GxCSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA72">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-19. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mind%2C+Brain%2C+and+Free+Will&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-105744-1&rft.aulast=Swinburne&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGxCSBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSysling2022" class="citation book cs1">Sysling, Fenneke (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hIuFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA407">"Human Sciences and Technologies of the Self Since the Nineteenth Century"</a>. In McCallum, David (ed.). The Palgrave Handbook of the History of Human Sciences. Springer Nature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-16-7255-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-16-7255-2"><bdi>978-981-16-7255-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509082204/https://books.google.com/books?id=hIuFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA407">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-09. Retrieved 2024-05-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Human+Sciences+and+Technologies+of+the+Self+Since+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.btitle=The+Palgrave+Handbook+of+the+History+of+Human+Sciences&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-981-16-7255-2&rft.aulast=Sysling&rft.aufirst=Fenneke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhIuFEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTappolet2023" class="citation book cs1">Tappolet, Christine (2023). Philosophy of Emotion: A Contemporary Introduction. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-68743-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-68743-1"><bdi>978-1-138-68743-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+Emotion%3A+A+Contemporary+Introduction&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-138-68743-1&rft.aulast=Tappolet&rft.aufirst=Christine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2020" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas, Evan (2020). "Descartes on the Animal Within, and the Animals Without". Canadian Journal of Philosophy. 50 (8): 999–1014. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fcan.2020.44">10.1017/can.2020.44</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0045-5091">0045-5091</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Descartes+on+the+Animal+Within%2C+and+the+Animals+Without&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=999-1014&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fcan.2020.44&rft.issn=0045-5091&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Evan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorntonGliga2020" class="citation book cs1">Thornton, Stephanie; Gliga, Teodora (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_h9HEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA35">Understanding Developmental Psychology</a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-00669-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-00669-1"><bdi>978-1-137-00669-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240427122526/https://books.google.com/books?id=_h9HEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA35">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-27. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Developmental+Psychology&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-137-00669-1&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.au=Gliga%2C+Teodora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_h9HEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimpe" class="citation web cs1">Timpe, Kevin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iep.utm.edu/freewill/">"Free Will"</a>. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190406052436/https://www.iep.utm.edu/freewill/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Free+Will&rft.aulast=Timpe&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiep.utm.edu%2Ffreewill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToren2010" class="citation book cs1">Toren, Christina (2010). "Psychological Anthropology". In Barnard, Alan; Spencer, Jonathan (eds.). The Routledge Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-40978-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-40978-0"><bdi>978-0-415-40978-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Psychological+Anthropology&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Social+and+Cultural+Anthropology&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-415-40978-0&rft.aulast=Toren&rft.aufirst=Christina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsien2005" class="citation book cs1">Tsien, Joe Z. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Af0IyHtGCMUC&pg=PA861">"Learning and Memory"</a>. In Albers, R. Wayne; Price, Donald L. (eds.). Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects. Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-047207-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-047207-2"><bdi>978-0-08-047207-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420130628/https://books.google.com/books?id=Af0IyHtGCMUC&pg=PA861">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-20. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Learning+and+Memory&rft.btitle=Basic+Neurochemistry%3A+Molecular%2C+Cellular+and+Medical+Aspects&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-08-047207-2&rft.aulast=Tsien&rft.aufirst=Joe+Z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAf0IyHtGCMUC%26pg%3DPA861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTulving2001" class="citation book cs1">Tulving, Endel (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-wt1aZrGXLYC&pg=PA278">"Episodic Vs. Semantic Memory"</a>. In Wilson, Robert A.; Keil, Frank C. (eds.). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (MITECS). MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-73144-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-73144-7"><bdi>978-0-262-73144-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240218191028/https://books.google.com/books?id=-wt1aZrGXLYC&pg=PA278">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-02-18. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Episodic+Vs.+Semantic+Memory&rft.btitle=The+MIT+Encyclopedia+of+the+Cognitive+Sciences+%28MITECS%29&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-262-73144-7&rft.aulast=Tulving&rft.aufirst=Endel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-wt1aZrGXLYC%26pg%3DPA278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurkingtonMitchell2010" class="citation book cs1">Turkington, Carol; Mitchell, Deborah R. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SA2X3ZHUZaEC&pg=PT133">"Hippocampus"</a>. The Encyclopedia of Alzheimer's Disease. Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-2858-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-2858-0"><bdi>978-1-4381-2858-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423124530/https://books.google.com/books?id=SA2X3ZHUZaEC&pg=PT133">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hippocampus&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Alzheimer%27s+Disease&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-2858-0&rft.aulast=Turkington&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Deborah+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSA2X3ZHUZaEC%26pg%3DPT133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUttal2011" class="citation book cs1">Uttal, William R. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lAyVX1KVI1oC&pg=PA1">Mind and Brain: A Critical Appraisal of Cognitive Neuroscience</a>. MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-01596-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-01596-7"><bdi>978-0-262-01596-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240501152325/https://books.google.com/books?id=lAyVX1KVI1oC&pg=PA1">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-01. Retrieved 2024-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mind+and+Brain%3A+A+Critical+Appraisal+of+Cognitive+Neuroscience&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-262-01596-7&rft.aulast=Uttal&rft.aufirst=William+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlAyVX1KVI1oC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUttal2020" class="citation book cs1">Uttal, William R. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WSbxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT98">Neural Theories of Mind: Why the Mind-Brain Problem May Never Be Solved</a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-14940-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-14940-1"><bdi>978-1-000-14940-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509174757/https://books.google.com/books?id=WSbxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT98">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-09. Retrieved 2024-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neural+Theories+of+Mind%3A+Why+the+Mind-Brain+Problem+May+Never+Be+Solved&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-000-14940-1&rft.aulast=Uttal&rft.aufirst=William+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWSbxDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanderwolf2013" class="citation book cs1">Vanderwolf, Case H. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=78m9BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155">An Odyssey Through the Brain, Behavior and the Mind</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4757-3779-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4757-3779-0"><bdi>978-1-4757-3779-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513104328/https://books.google.com/books?id=78m9BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Odyssey+Through+the+Brain%2C+Behavior+and+the+Mind&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4757-3779-0&rft.aulast=Vanderwolf&rft.aufirst=Case+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D78m9BwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogler2016" class="citation book cs1">Vogler, Candace A. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zNIeDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA30">John Stuart Mill's Deliberative Landscape (Routledge Revivals): An Essay in Moral Psychology</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-20617-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-20617-0"><bdi>978-1-317-20617-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420130630/https://books.google.com/books?id=zNIeDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA30">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-20. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Stuart+Mill%27s+Deliberative+Landscape+%28Routledge+Revivals%29%3A+An+Essay+in+Moral+Psychology&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-20617-0&rft.aulast=Vogler&rft.aufirst=Candace+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzNIeDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiner2000" class="citation book cs1">Weiner, Bernard (2000). "Motivation: An Overview". In Kazdin, Alan E. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Psychology (Volume 5). 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Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719172212/https://iep.utm.edu/hard-problem-of-conciousness/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Hard+Problem+of+Consciousness&rft.aulast=Weisberg&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiep.utm.edu%2Fhard-problem-of-conciousness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkes2012" class="citation book cs1">Wilkes, K. V. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jtArBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA412">"Mind and Body: Some Forms of Reductionism"</a>. In Parkinson, G. H. R. (ed.). An Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-98816-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-98816-7"><bdi>978-1-134-98816-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420130627/https://books.google.com/books?id=jtArBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA412">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-20. Retrieved 2024-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mind+and+Body%3A+Some+Forms+of+Reductionism&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-134-98816-7&rft.aulast=Wilkes&rft.aufirst=K.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjtArBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinkelman2011" class="citation book cs1">Winkelman, Michael J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SxfOEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA24">"A Paradigm for Understanding Altered Consciousness: The Integrative Mode of Consciousness"</a>. In Cardeña, Etzel; Winkelman, Michael J. (eds.). Altering Consciousness: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-38309-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-38309-0"><bdi>978-0-313-38309-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423124533/https://books.google.com/books?id=SxfOEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA24">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Paradigm+for+Understanding+Altered+Consciousness%3A+The+Integrative+Mode+of+Consciousness&rft.btitle=Altering+Consciousness%3A+Multidisciplinary+Perspectives&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-38309-0&rft.aulast=Winkelman&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSxfOEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2023" class="citation web cs1">Wong, David (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-mind/">"Mind (Heart-Mind) in Chinese Philosophy"</a>. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513104321/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-mind/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Mind+%28Heart-Mind%29+in+Chinese+Philosophy&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fchinese-mind%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWragg-Sykes2016" class="citation book cs1">Wragg-Sykes, Rebecca (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tbbjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA183">"Humans Evolve"</a>. Big History: Our Incredible Journey, from Big Bang to Now [Hardcover] [Oct 02, 2016] Dk. Dorling Kindersley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-22590-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-22590-5"><bdi>978-0-241-22590-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502164908/https://books.google.com/books?id=tbbjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA183">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2024. Retrieved May 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Humans+Evolve&rft.btitle=Big+History%3A+Our+Incredible+Journey%2C+from+Big+Bang+to+Now+%5BHardcover%5D+%5BOct+02%2C+2016%5D+Dk&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-241-22590-5&rft.aulast=Wragg-Sykes&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtbbjDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeomansArnold2013" class="citation book cs1">Yeomans, Jane; Arnold, Christopher (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mDL1eR1VrcIC&pg=PT31">"Child Development"</a>. Teaching, Learning and Psychology. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-05633-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-05633-9"><bdi>978-1-135-05633-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240513104256/https://books.google.com/books?id=mDL1eR1VrcIC&pg=PT31#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-05-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Child+Development&rft.btitle=Teaching%2C+Learning+and+Psychology&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-05633-9&rft.aulast=Yeomans&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.au=Arnold%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmDL1eR1VrcIC%26pg%3DPT31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYukalovSornette2014" class="citation book cs1">Yukalov, V. I.; Sornette, D. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NMslBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA38">"How Brains Make Decisions"</a>. In Freund, Friedemann; Langhoff, Stephanie (eds.). Universe of Scales: From Nanotechnology to Cosmology: Symposium in Honor of Minoru M. Freund. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-02207-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-02207-9"><bdi>978-3-319-02207-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423091309/https://books.google.com/books?id=NMslBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA38">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=How+Brains+Make+Decisions&rft.btitle=Universe+of+Scales%3A+From+Nanotechnology+to+Cosmology%3A+Symposium+in+Honor+of+Minoru+M.+Freund&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-319-02207-9&rft.aulast=Yukalov&rft.aufirst=V.+I.&rft.au=Sornette%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNMslBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMind" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mind&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_North_Whitehead" title="Alfred North Whitehead">Alfred North Whitehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_O%27Shaughnessy_(philosopher)" title="Brian O'Shaughnessy (philosopher)">Brian O'Shaughnessy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Augustus_Strong" title="Charles Augustus Strong">Charles Augustus Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Peacocke" title="Christopher Peacocke">Christopher Peacocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_McGinn" title="Colin McGinn">Colin McGinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dennett" title="Daniel Dennett">Daniel Dennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Chalmers" title="David Chalmers">David Chalmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Papineau" title="David Papineau">David Papineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pearce_(philosopher)" title="David Pearce (philosopher)">David Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davidson_(philosopher)" title="Donald Davidson (philosopher)">Donald Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hofstadter" title="Douglas Hofstadter">Douglas Hofstadter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Cameron_Jackson" title="Frank Cameron Jackson">Frank Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Dretske" title="Fred Dretske">Fred Dretske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galen_Strawson" title="Galen Strawson">Galen Strawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">George Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Lewes" title="George Henry Lewes">George Henry Lewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Rey" title="Georges Rey">Georges Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Gottfried Leibniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist)" title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist)">John Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Polkinghorne" title="John Polkinghorne">John Polkinghorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Searle" title="John Searle">John Searle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Levine_(philosopher)" title="Joseph Levine (philosopher)">Joseph Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Frankish" title="Keith Frankish">Keith Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_M._Sayre" title="Kenneth M. Sayre">Kenneth M. Sayre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Ponty" title="Maurice Merleau-Ponty">Maurice Merleau-Ponty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Velmans" title="Max Velmans">Max Velmans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tye_(philosopher)" title="Michael Tye (philosopher)">Michael Tye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Block" title="Ned Block">Ned Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Churchland" title="Patricia Churchland">Patricia Churchland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Churchland" title="Paul Churchland">Paul Churchland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Goff_(philosopher)" title="Philip Goff (philosopher)">Philip Goff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Metzinger" title="Thomas Metzinger">Thomas Metzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nagel" title="Thomas Nagel">Thomas Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kingdon_Clifford" title="William Kingdon Clifford">William Kingdon Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lycan" title="William Lycan">William Lycan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Seager_(philosopher)" title="William Seager (philosopher)">William Seager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Gustav Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_D._Hoffman" title="Donald D. Hoffman">Donald D. Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Brentano" title="Franz Brentano">Franz Brentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Fechner" title="Gustav Fechner">Gustav Fechner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Jaynes" title="Julian Jaynes">Julian Jaynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Koffka" title="Kurt Koffka">Kurt Koffka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Wertheimer" title="Max Wertheimer">Max Wertheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt" title="Wilhelm Wundt">Wilhelm Wundt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_K%C3%B6hler" title="Wolfgang Köhler">Wolfgang Köhler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neuroscience</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Seth" title="Anil Seth">Anil Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Damasio" title="Antonio Damasio">Antonio Damasio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Libet" title="Benjamin Libet">Benjamin Libet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Baars" title="Bernard Baars">Bernard Baars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christof_Koch" title="Christof Koch">Christof Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Varela" title="Francisco Varela">Francisco Varela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Gerald Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Tononi" title="Giulio Tononi">Giulio Tononi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_H._Pribram" title="Karl H. Pribram">Karl Pribram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Weiskrantz" title="Lawrence Weiskrantz">Lawrence Weiskrantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gazzaniga" title="Michael Gazzaniga">Michael Gazzaniga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Graziano" title="Michael Graziano">Michael Graziano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Wilken" title="Patrick Wilken">Patrick Wilken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Roger Sperry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislas_Dehaene" title="Stanislas Dehaene">Stanislas Dehaene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Laureys" title="Steven Laureys">Steven Laureys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hameroff" title="Stuart Hameroff">Stuart Hameroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Singer" title="Wolf Singer">Wolf Singer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annaka_Harris" title="Annaka Harris">Annaka Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm">David Bohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Blackmore" title="Susan Blackmore">Susan Blackmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_J._Stenger" title="Victor J. Stenger">Victor J. Stenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">Philosophy of mind</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalous_monism" title="Anomalous monism">Anomalous monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_theory_of_mind" title="Computational theory of mind">Computationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-aspect_theory" title="Double-aspect theory">Double-aspect theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminative_materialism" title="Eliminative materialism">Eliminative materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergentism" title="Emergentism">Emergentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphenomenalism" title="Epiphenomenalism">Epiphenomenalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(philosophy_of_mind)" title="Functionalism (philosophy of mind)">Functionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactionism_(philosophy_of_mind)" title="Interactionism (philosophy of mind)">Interactionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">Materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_dualism" title="Mind–body dualism">Mind–body dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_monism" title="Neutral monism">Neutral monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_mysterianism" title="New mysterianism">New mysterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondualism" title="Nondualism">Nondualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panpsychism" title="Panpsychism">Panpsychism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychophysical_parallelism" title="Psychophysical parallelism">Parallelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicalism" title="Physicalism">Physicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_dualism" title="Property dualism">Property dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexive_monism" title="Reflexive monism">Reflexive monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionary_materialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Revisionary materialism">Revisionary materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solipsism" title="Solipsism">Solipsism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_physicalism" title="Type physicalism">Type physicalism (reductive materialism, identity theory)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attention_schema_theory" title="Attention schema theory">Attention schema theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Universe_of_Consciousness#The_Dynamic_Core_Hypothesis" title="A Universe of Consciousness">Dynamic core hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damasio%27s_theory_of_consciousness" title="Damasio's theory of consciousness">Damasio's theory of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_theories_of_consciousness" title="Electromagnetic theories of consciousness">Electromagnetic theories of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_workspace_theory" title="Global workspace theory">Global workspace theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher-order_theories_of_consciousness" title="Higher-order theories of consciousness">Higher-order theories of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holonomic_brain_theory" title="Holonomic brain theory">Holonomic brain theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_information_theory" title="Integrated information theory">Integrated information theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_masking#Lamme's_recurrent_feedback_hypothesis_of_visual_awareness_and_masking" title="Visual masking">Lamme's recurrent feedback hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_drafts_model" title="Multiple drafts model">Multiple drafts model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestrated_objective_reduction" title="Orchestrated objective reduction">Orchestrated objective reduction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosia" title="Agnosia">Agnosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altered_state_of_consciousness" title="Altered state of consciousness">Altered state of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_consciousness" title="Animal consciousness">Animal consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_consciousness" title="Artificial consciousness">Artificial consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attention" title="Attention">Attention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attentional_control" title="Attentional control">Attentional control</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awareness" title="Awareness">Awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binding_problem" title="Binding problem">Binding problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binocular_rivalry" title="Binocular rivalry">Binocular rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blindsight" title="Blindsight">Blindsight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_theater" title="Cartesian theater">Cartesian theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consciousness_after_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Consciousness after death">Consciousness after death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disorders_of_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Disorders of consciousness">Disorders of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divided_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Divided consciousness">Divided consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_consciousness" title="Dual consciousness">Dual consciousness (split-brain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experience" title="Experience">Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_gap" title="Explanatory gap">Explanatory gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">Free will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_suppression" title="Flash suppression">Flash suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">Hallucination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_problem_of_consciousness" title="Hard problem of consciousness">Hard problem of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterophenomenology" title="Heterophenomenology">Heterophenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_consciousness" title="Higher consciousness">Higher consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illusion" title="Illusion">Illusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introspection_illusion" title="Introspection illusion">Introspection illusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_argument" title="Knowledge argument">Knowledge argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locked-in_syndrome" title="Locked-in syndrome">Locked-in syndrome</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_problem" title="Mind–body problem">Mind–body problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimally_conscious_state" title="Minimally conscious state">Minimally conscious state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_correlates_of_consciousness" title="Neural correlates of consciousness">Neural correlates of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurophenomenology" title="Neurophenomenology">Neurophenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">Ontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">Phenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_zombie" title="Philosophical zombie">Philosophical zombie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">Philosophy of mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_consciousness" title="Primary consciousness">Primary consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_of_other_minds" title="Problem of other minds">Problem of other minds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualia" title="Qualia">Qualia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_mind" title="Quantum mind">Quantum mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reentry_(neural_circuitry)" title="Reentry (neural circuitry)">Reentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakshi_(witness)" title="Sakshi (witness)">Sakshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_consciousness" title="Secondary consciousness">Secondary consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentience" title="Sentience">Sentience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentientism" title="Sentientism">Sentientism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_human_consciousness" title="Sociology of human consciousness">Sociology of human consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness_(psychology)" title="Stream of consciousness (psychology)">Stream of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subconscious" title="Subconscious">Subconscious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_character_of_experience" title="Subjective character of experience">Subjective character of experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjectivity_and_objectivity_(philosophy)" title="Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)">Subjectivity and objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">Unconscious mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconsciousness" title="Unconsciousness">Unconsciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_masking" title="Visual masking">Visual masking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Neumann%E2%80%93Wigner_interpretation" title="Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation">Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogachara" title="Yogachara">Yogachara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Universe_of_Consciousness" title="A Universe of Consciousness">A Universe of Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Scientific_Study_of_Consciousness" title="Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness">Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consciousness_and_Cognition" title="Consciousness and Cognition">Consciousness and Cognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consciousness_Explained" title="Consciousness Explained">Consciousness Explained</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Consciousness" title="Cosmic Consciousness">Cosmic Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_the_Self_Controls_Its_Brain" title="How the Self Controls Its Brain">How the Self Controls Its Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Consciousness_Studies" title="Journal of Consciousness Studies">Journal of Consciousness Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_Consciousness_Conference" title="Online Consciousness Conference">Online Consciousness Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(consciousness_journal)" title="Psyche (consciousness journal)">Psyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astonishing_Hypothesis" title="The Astonishing Hypothesis">The Astonishing Hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conscious_Mind" title="The Conscious Mind">The Conscious Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor%27s_New_Mind" title="The Emperor's New Mind">The Emperor's New Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Science_of_Consciousness" title="The Science of Consciousness">The Science of Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Understanding_Consciousness" title="Understanding Consciousness">Understanding Consciousness</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Is_It_Like_to_Be_a_Bat%3F" title="What Is It Like to Be a Bat?">What Is It Like to Be a Bat?</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wider_than_the_Sky" title="Wider than the Sky">Wider than the Sky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Consciousness" title="Category:Consciousness">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Consciousness" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Consciousness">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style 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data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4019830-3">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph123071&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/akil">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" 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4.28% 137.063 9 Template:Lang"," 3.64% 116.745 1 Template:Sister_project_links"," 3.46% 110.860 21 Template:Cite_journal"," 3.03% 97.148 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.327","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15624946,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbel2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAboitizMontiel2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAboitizMontiel2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdamsBeighley2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlexander2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018d\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018e\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018f\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018g\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018h\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018i\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018j\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018k\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmerican_Psychological_Association2018l\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndersonPiccinini2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAthreyaMouza2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAudi1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAudi2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAvramides2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAydede2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBall2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrett2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartlett2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartlettBurton2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBayne2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeatty2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenarroch2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBermanWeemsStickle2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBermúdez2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBernsteinNash2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiever2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBigajWüthrich2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlackmore2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBringsjordGovindarajulu2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBroome2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrownFehige2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBunge2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButz2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarel2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarruthers2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarruthers2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChazan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChen2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarkLintsSmith2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoallCallanDickinsChisholm2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoseru2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrane1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCresswell2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCunningham2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDashVillemarette-Pitman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavies2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDawson2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeutsch2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDixonShapiro2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDriscollEasterbrooks2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDumont2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunbar2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuncanLoLordo2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmaliana2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEngelmannMulckhuyseTing2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErulkarLentz2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaganDurrani2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinlayInnocentiScheich2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFischer2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFjelland2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankishKasmirli2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFranklin1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFranks2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreeman1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedenbergSilvermanSpivey2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGennaro\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiannopulu2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillett1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoffiRoux2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreif2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffin1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffin2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGroarke\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGross2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHallAmes1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarperCollins2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarperCollins2022a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarperCollins2022b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarperCollins2022c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarperCollins2022d\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarperCollins2022e\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarperCollins2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrell2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHatfield2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHellier2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHelms2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHiggsCooperLee2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoad1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoff2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHood2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHowittCramer2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHufendiekWild2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacob2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaworski2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJerison2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarunamuni2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKenny1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKihlstromTobias1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKim2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKim2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKind2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKind2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKind2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiversteinFarinaClark2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnauffSpohn2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoenig2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKriegel2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKriegel2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaine1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevin2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLindeman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuhrmann2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLurz\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacmillanLena2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMandalaywalaFleenerMaestripieri2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMandik2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarcum2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarcusJacobson2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarshMelvillMorganNorris2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaruyama2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatheson2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClelland2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcLear\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcPeek2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcQueenMcQueen2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelisMonsó2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerriam-Webster2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerriam-Webster2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerriam-Webster2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerriam-Webster2024c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeyerMeyerFarrarBiezonski2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMijoia2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorton2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphy2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphyDonovanSmart2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMüller1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNairne2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNolfi2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoll2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNunes2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOakley2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlson2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOprisCasanovaLebedevPopescu2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOvergaard2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO’Madagain\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPacker2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaivio2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPashler2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPennHolyoakPovinelli2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerler2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolger\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPopescuOpris2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRao2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRassool2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavenscroft2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReisyan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRescorla2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRescorla2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReyesSherwood2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobbins2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoth2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRothman2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRowlands2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRowlandsLauDeutsch2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRysiew2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaab2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSadriFlammia2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandersonHuffman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSansonese1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScanlonSanders2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScharff2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchoenbergMarshLerner2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchweizer1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwitzgebel2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSearle1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSearle2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaffer2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharmaBranscum2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharmaSharma1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharov2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiegel2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinger2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmithies2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmitsmanCorbetta2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpradlinPorterfield2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpruit2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStairs1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteinberg_Gould2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteiner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStichWarfield2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStoljar2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStoljar2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwinburne1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwinburne2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSysling2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTappolet2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThorntonGliga2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimpe\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToren2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsien2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTulving2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurkingtonMitchell2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUttal2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUttal2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVanderwolf2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVogler2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeiner2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeisberg\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkes2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinkelman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWong2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWragg-Sykes2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYeomansArnold2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYukalovSornette2014\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"CS1 config\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 155,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 21,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 54,\n [\"Columns-list\"] = 1,\n [\"Consciousness\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 5,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 445,\n [\"Lang\"] = 9,\n [\"Main\"] = 8,\n [\"Multiref\"] = 155,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikibooks\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","580","23.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","280","11.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","200","8.2"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","180","7.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","140","5.7"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","120","4.9"],["recursiveClone 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-20T21:35:37Z","dateModified":"2024-11-19T05:31:25Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9d\/Mental_capacities.svg","headline":"combination of cognitive faculties that provides consciousness, thinking, reasoning, perception, and judgement in humans and potentially other life forms"}</script> </body> </html>