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class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Punjabi language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 127 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-127" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">127 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandjabi" title="Pandjabi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pandjabi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%90%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%83%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%9B" title="ፐንጃብኛ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፐንጃብኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पंजाबी भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पंजाबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة البنجابية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة البنجابية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_panchabi" title="Idioma panchabi – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma panchabi" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="পঞ্জাবী ভাষা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পঞ্জাবী ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_panyab%C3%AD_oriental" title="Idioma panyabí oriental – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma panyabí oriental" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80" title="पंजाबी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पंजाबी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%99ncab_dili" title="Pəncab dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pəncab dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="পাঞ্জাবি ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাঞ্জাবি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab-g%C3%AD" title="Punjab-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Punjab-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%B1_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Пәнжәб теле – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Пәнжәб теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96" title="Панджабі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Панджабі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पंजाबी भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पंजाबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Пенджабски език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пенджабски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandjabeg" title="Pandjabeg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pandjabeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi" title="Panjabi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Panjabi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Панджаби – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Панджаби" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%88d%C5%BE%C3%A1b%C5%A1tina" title="Paňdžábština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paňdžábština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwnjabeg" title="Pwnjabeg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pwnjabeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi" title="Punjabi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Punjabi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabigiella" title="Panjabigiella – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Panjabigiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi" title="Panjabi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Panjabi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C5%BEabi_keel" title="Pandžabi keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pandžabi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9" title="Γλώσσα Παντζάμπι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσα Παντζάμπι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Punjabi language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_punyab%C3%AD" title="Idioma punyabí – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma punyabí" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%C4%9Daba_lingvo" title="Panĝaba lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Panĝaba lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabera" title="Punjabera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Punjabera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="زبان پنجابی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان پنجابی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi_bhasa" title="Panjabi bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Panjabi bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendjabi" title="Pendjabi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pendjabi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BBndjaabsk" title="Pûndjaabsk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pûndjaabsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Phuinse%C3%A1ibis" title="An Phuinseáibis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Phuinseáibis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_(c%C3%A0nan)" title="Punjabi (cànan) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Punjabi (cànan)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_punjabi" title="Lingua punjabi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua punjabi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="પંજાબી ભાષા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પંજાબી ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi-ng%C3%AE" title="Punjabi-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Punjabi-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%80%EC%9E%90%EB%B8%8C%EC%96%B4" title="펀자브어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="펀자브어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshen_Punjab" title="Harshen Punjab – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harshen Punjab" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%AB" title="Փենջաբի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փենջաբի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पंजाबी भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पंजाबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dnopand%C5%BEapski_jezik" title="Istočnopandžapski jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Istočnopandžapski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabana_linguo" title="Punjabana linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Punjabana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Punjabi" title="Pagsasao a Punjabi – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Punjabi" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="পাঞ্জাবি ঠার – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পাঞ্জাবি ঠার" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Punjab" title="Bahasa Punjab – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Punjab" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_panjabi" title="Lingua panjabi – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua panjabi" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Панджаби – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Панджаби" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BAndjab%C3%AD" title="Púndjabí – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Púndjabí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_punjabi" title="Lingua punjabi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua punjabi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99" title="פנג'אבי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פנג'אבי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಪಂಜಾಬಿ ಭಾಷೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಂಜಾಬಿ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="პენჯაბური ენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პენჯაბური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AC%D9%B2%D8%A8%D8%A0_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پَنٛجٲبؠ زَبان – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پَنٛجٲبؠ زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Панджаби – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Панджаби" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipunjabi_cha_Mashariki" title="Kipunjabi cha Mashariki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kipunjabi cha Mashariki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Панджаби – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Панджаби" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Paniabica" title="Lingua Paniabica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Paniabica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C5%BEabu_valoda" title="Pandžabu valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pandžabu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C5%BEab%C5%B3_kalba" title="Pandžabų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pandžabų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_punjabi" title="Lengua punjabi – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua punjabi" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandzs%C3%A1bi_nyelv" title="Pandzsábi nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pandzsábi nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पञ्जाबी भाषा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पञ्जाबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Пенџапски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пенџапски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_penjaby" title="Fiteny penjaby – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny penjaby" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="പഞ്ചാബി ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പഞ്ചാബി ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पंजाबी भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पंजाबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="პენჯაბური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პენჯაბური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89" title="بنجابى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بنجابى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="پنجابی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پنجابی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Punjabi" title="Bahasa Punjabi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Punjabi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Панжаби хэл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Панжаби хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ပန်ချာပီဘာသာစကား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပန်ချာပီဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi" title="Punjabi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Punjabi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पन्जाबी भाषा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पन्जाबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पञ्जाबी भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पञ्जाबी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E8%AA%9E" title="パンジャーブ語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パンジャーブ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi" title="Panjabi – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Panjabi" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi" title="Panjabi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Panjabi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi" title="Panjabi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Panjabi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi" title="Panjabi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Panjabi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%9E%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ପଞ୍ଜାବୀ ଭାଷା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପଞ୍ଜାବୀ ଭାଷା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjob_tili" title="Panjob tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Panjob tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="پنجابی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پنجابی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi" title="Punjabi – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Punjabi" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="پنجابي ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پنجابي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_languij" title="Punjabi languij – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Punjabi languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjabi" title="Penjabi – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Penjabi" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_panjabi_oriental" title="Lenga panjabi oriental – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga panjabi oriental" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_pend%C5%BCabski" title="Język pendżabski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język pendżabski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_panjabi" title="Língua panjabi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua panjabi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_punjab%C4%83" title="Limba punjabă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba punjabă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panyapi_simi" title="Panyapi simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Panyapi simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Панджаби – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панджаби" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पञ्जाबीभाषा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पञ्जाबीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A7%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پنجابی زبان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="پنجابی زبان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi_leid" title="Panjabi leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Panjabi leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_penxhabe" title="Gjuha penxhabe – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha penxhabe" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="پنجابي ٻولي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پنجابي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C5%BE%C3%A1b%C4%8Dina" title="Pandžábčina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pandžábčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="زمانی پەنجابی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی پەنجابی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Панџапски језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Панџапски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C5%BEapski_jezik" title="Pandžapski jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pandžapski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C5%BEabi" title="Pandžabi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pandžabi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi" title="Punjabi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Punjabi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Panyabi" title="Wikang Panyabi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Panyabi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="பஞ்சாபி மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பஞ்சாபி மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Панҗаби – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Панҗаби" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="పంజాబీ భాష – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పంజాబీ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A" title="ภาษาปัญจาบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาปัญจาบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D3%A3" title="Забони панҷобӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони панҷобӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಪಂಜಾಬಿ ಬಾಸೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಪಂಜಾಬಿ ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencap%C3%A7a" title="Pencapça – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pencapça" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Пенджабська мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пенджабська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پنجابی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پنجابی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="پەنجاب تىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پەنجاب تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Punjab" title="Tiếng Punjab – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Punjab" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinunjabi" title="Pinunjabi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pinunjabi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="旁遮普语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="旁遮普语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%BB%E6%B8%A3%E5%88%A5%E6%96%87" title="頻渣別文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="頻渣別文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencabki" title="Pencabki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pencabki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E8%AA%9E" title="旁遮普語 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="旁遮普語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Punjabi" title="Bahasa Punjabi – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Punjabi" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C4%8D%C9%99bi_zyvon" title="Penčəbi zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Penčəbi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:130%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Panjabi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><span title="Punjabi-language text"><span lang="pa">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></span> <span title="Punjabi (Western)-language text"><span lang="pnb"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-size: 125%; font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq';">پنجابی</span>‎</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjabi_example.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Punjabi_example.svg/150px-Punjabi_example.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Punjabi_example.svg/225px-Punjabi_example.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Punjabi_example.svg/300px-Punjabi_example.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="670" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">'Punjabi' written in Shahmukhi (top) and Gurmukhi (bottom) scripts</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" title="Punjab region">Panjab</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Panjabis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">113 million (2017)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/#people-and-society%7Ca">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Northwestern<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Panjabi</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Standard forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div><a href="/wiki/Majhi_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Majhi dialect">Majhi dialect</a></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi dialects">Punjabi dialects</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perso-Arabic_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perso-Arabic script (not yet started)">Perso-Arabic</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi">Shahmukhi</a>)</small><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_Braille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punjabi Braille (not yet started)">Punjabi Braille</a> <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laṇḍā scripts (not yet started)">Laṇḍā</a> (historical)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (provincial language of <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)" title="Punjab (Pakistan)">Punjab</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-Pakistan_Census_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pakistan_Census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>) (official)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=pa">pa</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=352">pan</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Either:<br /><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pan">pan</a></code> – Chardi Punjabi<br /><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pnb">pnb</a></code> – Lehndi Punjabi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/panj1256">panj1256</a></code>  <span class="nowrap">Punjabi</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>59-AAF-e</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671870">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671876">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="pa:"> Punjabi edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="51" data-mwtitle="PunjabiMuharniFull.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:PunjabiMuharniFull.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/PunjabiMuharniFull.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/PunjabiMuharniFull.ogg/PunjabiMuharniFull.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Spoken Punjabi in Malwai dialect</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Punjabi</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a> <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">language</a>. It is native to <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" title="Punjab region">Punjab</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian Subcontinent</a>, which includes Pakistani province of <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)" title="Punjab (Pakistan)">Punjab</a> and Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">first language</a> of about 113 million people in the world<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the 9th most spoken language in the world. It is also spoken in <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> states of India and in capital <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>. It is spoken by the largest ethnic group in Pakistan at 36%.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Punjabi developed from the ancient language of Prakrit developed simultaneously with Sanskrit. </p><p>Punjabi is written in two different <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">scripts</a>, called Gurmukhī and Shahmukhī. Punjabi is the main language spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most parts of the <a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a> use the Punjabi language written in Gurmukhī, though Punjabi is not the only language used in Sikh <a href="/wiki/Scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Scriptures">scriptures</a>. The <i>Janamsakhis</i>, stories on the life and legend of <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak_Dev" title="Guru Nanak Dev">Guru Nanak</a> (1469–1539), are early examples of Punjabi literature. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialects">Dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_language&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Dialects" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Dialects"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dialects_Of_Punjabi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Dialects_Of_Punjabi.jpg/400px-Dialects_Of_Punjabi.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Dialects_Of_Punjabi.jpg/600px-Dialects_Of_Punjabi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Dialects_Of_Punjabi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>Dialects of Punjabi</figcaption></figure> <p>Punjabi language has many <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialects</a>. The dialects are similar to each other that speakers can understand most of the dialects that are related to theirs. Some major dialects of Punjabi include Majhi, Puadhi, Malwai, Pothwari, <a href="/wiki/Shahpuri_dialect" title="Shahpuri dialect">Shahpuri</a>, Jhangvi, Jatki, Bilaspuri, Jangli, Jhagvi, Ghebi, <a href="/wiki/Doabi_dialect" title="Doabi dialect">Doabi</a> among others.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Majhi is Punjabi's standard dialect because it forms the <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/standard" class="extiw" title="wikt:standard">standard</a> for writing in Panjabi. It is spoken in the centre of Panjab, including the districts of <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheikhupura_District" title="Sheikhupura District">Sheikhupura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasur" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasur">Kasur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Okara_Tehsil" title="Okara Tehsil">Okara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nankana_Sahib" title="Nankana Sahib">Nankana Sahib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faisalabad" title="Faisalabad">Faisalabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sialkot_District" title="Sialkot District">Sialkot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narowal_Tehsil" title="Narowal Tehsil">Narowal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujrat_Tehsil" title="Gujrat Tehsil">Gujrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakpattan" title="Pakpattan">Pakpattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hafizabad_District" title="Hafizabad District">Hafizabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandi_Bahauddin" title="Mandi Bahauddin">Mandi Bahauddin</a>. In India it is spoken in <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarn_Taran_Sahib" title="Tarn Taran Sahib">Tarn Taran Sahib</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gurdaspur_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurdaspur district">Gurdaspur</a> districts. </p><p>Other dialects of Panjabi include Rachnavi, Chenavari, Chhachi, Jandali. The relation of several dialects to languages other than Punjabi creates problems in assigning them to one or another "language".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shackle_1970:240_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shackle_1970:240-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_language&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Distribution" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Distribution"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over 95% of people who speak Punjabi as their <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">first language</a> live in Pakistan and India. It is the most widely spoken native language in Pakistan. It is spoken as a first language by over 65% of Pakistanis. There were 145 million Panjabi speakers in Pakistan in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In India, Punjabi is spoken as a native language by 4% of the population. This was about 70 million in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> of the Indian states of <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (India)">Panjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> and additional official in <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>. </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Census history of Punjabi speakers in Pakistan</b> <br /> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Year</b></th> <th><b>Population of Pakistan</b></th> <th><b>Percentage</b></th> <th><b>Punjabi speakers</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1948 </td> <td>26,657,876 </td> <td>98.7 </td> <td>24,765,865 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1954</td> <td>33,740,167</td> <td>96.3%</td> <td>27,632,905 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961</td> <td>42,880,378</td> <td>88.7%</td> <td>34,468,282 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974</td> <td>65,309,340</td> <td>85.2%</td> <td>45,176,004 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998</td> <td>84,253,644</td> <td>75.8%</td> <td>62,584,980 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023</td> <td>241,352,279</td> <td>65.3%</td> <td>145,433,431 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Census history of Punjabi speakers in India</b> <br /> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Year</b></th> <th><b>Population of India</b></th> <th><b>Punjabi speakers in India</b></th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td>1948 </td> <td>353,878,767 </td> <td>17,452,875 </td> <td>5.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985</td> <td>548,159,652</td> <td>23,108,443</td> <td>3.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997</td> <td>665,287,849</td> <td>34, <p>,611,199 </p> </td> <td>3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005</td> <td>838,583,988</td> <td>47,378,744</td> <td>3.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015</td> <td>1,028,610,328</td> <td>59,102,477</td> <td>3.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023</td> <td>1,610,193,422</td> <td>70,038,280</td> <td>4.8% </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, it is the second-most-commonly used language.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonnell_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonnell-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, it is the third-most-spoken language.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 6 million Panjabi speakers in the US in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 3 million in the UK in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonnell_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonnell-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_language&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Phonology" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Phonology"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><b><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Near-front_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-front vowel">Near-front</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a></th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-back_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-back vowel (not yet started)">Near-back</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">iː</span> ਈ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">uː</span> ਊ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid vowel (not yet started)">Close-mid</a> </th> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">eː</span> ਏ</td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɪ</span> ਇ</td> <td></td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ʊ</span> ਉ</td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">oː</span> ਓ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ə</span> ਅ</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid vowel (not yet started)">Open-mid</a> </th> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɛː</span> ਐ</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɔː</span> ਔ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">aː</span> ਆ</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labiodental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labiodental (not yet started)">Labio-<br />dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retroflex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retroflex (not yet started)">Retroflex</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">m</span> ਮ </td> <td> </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">n</span> ਨ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɳ</span> ਣ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɲ</span> ਞ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ŋ</span> ਙ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Plosive_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plosive consonant">Plosive</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">Affricate</a> </th> <th>voiceless </th> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">p</span> ਪ </td> <td> </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">t̪</span> ਤ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ʈ</span> ਟ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">t͡ʃ</span> ਚ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">k</span> ਕ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>voiceless aspirated </th> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">pʰ</span> ਫ </td> <td> </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">t̪ʰ</span> ਥ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ʈʰ</span> ਠ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">t͡ʃʰ</span> ਛ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">kʰ</span> ਖ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>voiced </th> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">b</span> ਬ </td> <td> </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">d̪</span> ਦ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɖ</span> ਡ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">d͡ʒ</span> ਜ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɡ</span> ਗ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">(f)</span> ਫ਼ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">s</span> ਸ <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">(z)</span> ਜ਼ </td> <td> </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">(ʃ)</span> ਸ਼ </td> <td> </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɦ</span> ਹ </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flap_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flap consonant (not yet started)">Flap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɾ</span> ਰ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɽ</span> ੜ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ʋ</span> ਵ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">l</span> ਲ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɭ</span> ਲ਼ </td> <td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">j</span> ਯ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_system">Writing system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_language&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Writing system" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Writing system"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gurmukhi_Script_-_traditional_alphabet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gurmukhi_Script_-_traditional_alphabet.svg/220px-Gurmukhi_Script_-_traditional_alphabet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gurmukhi_Script_-_traditional_alphabet.svg/330px-Gurmukhi_Script_-_traditional_alphabet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gurmukhi_Script_-_traditional_alphabet.svg/440px-Gurmukhi_Script_-_traditional_alphabet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>Gurmukhi alphabetic, excluding vowels.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are three ways to write Punjabi: <a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi">Shahmukhi</a>, and Takri. In the Punjab <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)" title="Punjab (Pakistan)">province of Pakistan</a>, the script that is most used is Shahmukhī. The Majhi dialect is the written standard for Punjabi in both parts of Punjab. </p><p>Doabi dialect is the purest dialect of Panjabi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_language&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pakistan_Census-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pakistan_Census_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110912021653/http://www.census.gov.pk/MotherTongue.htm">"Pakistan Census"</a>. Census.gov.pk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov.pk/MotherTongue.htm">the original</a> on 12 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan+Census&rft.pub=Census.gov.pk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov.pk%2FMotherTongue.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APunjabi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/#people-and-society">"World"</a>, <i>The World Factbook</i>, Central Intelligence Agency, 2023-11-29<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-05</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=World&rft.date=2023-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fworld%2F%23people-and-society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APunjabi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110912021653/http://www.census.gov.pk/MotherTongue.htm">"Pakistan Census"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov.pk/MotherTongue.htm">the original</a> on 2011-09-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov.pk%2FMotherTongue.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APunjabi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMelvin_Ember,_Carol_R._Ember,_Ian_A._Skoggard2005" class="citation book cs1">Melvin Ember, Carol R. Ember, Ian A. Skoggard, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediadias00embe_175"><i>Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World</i></a>. Springer. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediadias00embe_175/page/n1100">1077</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-48321-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-48321-9"><bdi>978-0-306-48321-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Diasporas%3A+Immigrant+and+Refugee+Cultures+Around+the+World&rft.pages=1077&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-306-48321-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediadias00embe_175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APunjabi+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_editors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grierson, George A. 1904–1928. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joao-roiz.jp/LSI/">Grierson's Linguistic Survey of India</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107162954/http://www.joao-roiz.jp/LSI/">Archived</a> 2021-11-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Calcutta.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Masica, Colin (1991) <i>The Indo-Aryan languages</i>. Cambridge Univ. Press. p 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Burling, Robbins. 1970. <i>Man's many voices</i>. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shackle_1970:240-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Shackle_1970:240_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shackle, C. 1972. <i>Punjabi</i>. London: English Universities Press. p 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060217220529/http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/statistics/other_tables/pop_by_mother_tongue.pdf">"Pakistan 1998 census – Population by mother tongue"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/statistics/other_tables/pop_by_mother_tongue.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2006-02-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan+1998+census+%E2%80%93+Population+by+mother+tongue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statpak.gov.pk%2Fdepts%2Fpco%2Fstatistics%2Fother_tables%2Fpop_by_mother_tongue.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APunjabi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.htm">"Indian Census"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2FCensus_Data_2001%2FCensus_Data_Online%2FLanguage%2FStatement1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APunjabi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McDonnell-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-McDonnell_11-0">11.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-McDonnell_11-1">11.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonnell2000" class="citation web cs1">McDonnell, John (7 March 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199900/cmhansrd/vo000307/halltext/00307h02.htm">"Punjabi Community"</a>. <i>Parliamentary Business: Commons Debates</i>. UK Parliament. p. Column 142WH<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Business%3A+Commons+Debates&rft.atitle=Punjabi+Community&rft.pages=Column+142WH&rft.date=2000-03-07&rft.aulast=McDonnell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm199900%2Fcmhansrd%2Fvo000307%2Fhalltext%2F00307h02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APunjabi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Punjabi_is_Canadas_4th_most_top_language/articleshow/2782138.cms">"Punjabi is 4th most spoken language in Canada"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 14 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Punjabi+is+4th+most+spoken+language+in+Canada&rft.date=2008-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2FPunjabi_is_Canadas_4th_most_top_language%2Farticleshow%2F2782138.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APunjabi+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articlesho/62121520.cms">http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articlesho/62121520.cms</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="More_reading">More reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_language&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: More reading" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabi_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: More reading"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Punjabi_phrasebook" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Punjabi phrasebook">Punjabi phrasebook</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage </p> <ul><li>Bhatia, Tej (1993 and 2010) <i>Punjabi: a cognitive-descriptive grammar</i>. London: Routledge. Series: Descriptive grammars.</li> <li>Singh, Maya (1895) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/singh/">The Panjabi dictionary</a>. Lahore: Munshi Gulab Singh & Sons.</li> <li>Ethnologue: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=IN">Languages of India</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707024248/http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=IN">Archived</a> 2010-07-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=PK">Pakistan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707024224/http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=PK">Archived</a> 2010-07-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Languages of Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Languages_of_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Languages of Pakistan (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Languages_of_Pakistan&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Pakistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Languages of Pakistan">Languages of Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">national</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_English" title="Pakistani English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other languages<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(by <a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">administrative unit</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhadarwahi" title="Bhadarwahi">Bhadarwahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujari_language" title="Gujari language">Gujari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jad_language" title="Jad language">Jad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundal_Shahi_language" title="Kundal Shahi language">Kundal Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahari languages">Pahari languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pahari-Pothwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogali" title="Pogali">Pogali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkardi_language" title="Bashkardi language">Bashkardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahui_language" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwari_language" title="Dehwari language">Dehwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domari_language" title="Domari language">Domari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi" title="Hazaragi">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadgali_language" title="Jadgali language">Jadgali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafri_dialect" title="Jafri dialect">Jafri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khetrani_language" title="Khetrani language">Khetrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasi_dialect" title="Lasi dialect">Lasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghol_language" title="Moghol language">Moghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Arabic" title="Omani Arabic">Omani Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistani_dialect" title="Sistani dialect">Sistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Sorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanetsi" title="Wanetsi">Wanetsi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balti_language" title="Balti language">Balti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brokskat" title="Brokskat">Brokskat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burushaski_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Burushaski language">Burushaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domaaki_language" title="Domaaki language">Domaaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishkashimi_language" title="Ishkashimi language">Ishkashimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khowar language">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakhi" title="Ladakhi">Ladakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parya_language" title="Parya language">Parya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgi_language" title="Purgi language">Purgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarikoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarikoli">Sarikoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shina_language" title="Shina language">Shina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiti_language" title="Spiti language">Spiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zangskari_language" title="Zangskari language">Zangskari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajri_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajri language (not yet started)">Ajri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burushaski" title="Burushaski">Burushaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badeshi_language" title="Badeshi language">Badeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateri_language" title="Bateri language">Bateri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilisso_language" title="Chilisso language">Chilisso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dameli_language" title="Dameli language">Dameli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawar-Bati_language" title="Gawar-Bati language">Gawar-Bati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowro_language" title="Gowro language">Gowro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujari_language" title="Gujari language">Gujari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">Hindko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Kohistani" title="Indus Kohistani">Indus Kohistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalami_language" title="Kalami language">Kalami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalash_language" title="Kalash language">Kalasha-mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkoti_language" title="Kalkoti language">Kalkoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamkata-viri_language" title="Kamkata-viri language">Kamkata-viri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamviri_dialect" title="Kamviri dialect">Kamviri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata-vari_dialect" title="Kata-vari dialect">Kati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khowar language">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohistani_Shina" title="Kohistani Shina">Kohistani Shina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madaklashti" title="Madaklashti">Madaklashti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankiyali_language" title="Mankiyali language">Mankiyali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormuri" title="Ormuri">Ormuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palula_language" title="Palula language">Palula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashai language">Pashai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawi_language_(Dardic)" title="Sawi language (Dardic)">Sawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shekhani_dialect" title="Shekhani dialect">Shekhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shina_language" title="Shina language">Shina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumashti_language" title="Shumashti language">Shumashti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torwali_language" title="Torwali language">Torwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushoji_language" title="Ushoji language">Ushoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waigali_language" title="Waigali language">Waigali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziri" class="mw-redirect" title="Waziri">Waziri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidgha_language" title="Yidgha language">Yidgha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagri_language" title="Bagri language">Bagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijra_Farsi" title="Hijra Farsi">Hijra Farsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">Hindko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabutra_language" title="Kabutra language">Kabutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangri_language" title="Kangri language">Kangri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubanki" class="mw-redirect" title="Lubanki">Lubanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewari_language" title="Mewari language">Mewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pahari-Pothwari</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Punjabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_dialects_and_languages" title="Punjabi dialects and languages">dialects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_language" title="Rajasthani language">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangri_dialect_(Haryanvi)" title="Rangri dialect (Haryanvi)">Rangri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansi_language" title="Sansi language">Sansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_language" title="Saraiki language">Saraiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thali_dialect" title="Thali dialect">Thali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aer_language" title="Aer language">Aer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagri_language" title="Bagri language">Bagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaya_language" title="Bhaya language">Bhaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhatki_language" title="Dhatki language">Dhatki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghera_language" title="Ghera language">Ghera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goaria_language" title="Goaria language">Goaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgula_language" title="Gurgula language">Gurgula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_language" title="Haryanvi language">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jandavra_language" title="Jandavra language">Jandavra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogi_language" title="Jogi language">Jogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauravi_dialect" title="Kauravi dialect">Kauravi</a></li> <li>Koli <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kachi_Koli_language" title="Kachi Koli language">Kachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkari_Koli_language" title="Parkari Koli language">Parkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadiyara_Koli_language" title="Wadiyara Koli language">Wadiyara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutchi_language" title="Kutchi language">Kutchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loarki_language" title="Loarki language">Loarki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memoni_language" title="Memoni language">Memoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewari_language" title="Mewari language">Mewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od_language" title="Od language">Od</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_language" title="Rajasthani language">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangri_dialect_(Malvi)" title="Rangri dialect (Malvi)">Rangri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_language" title="Rohingya language">Rohingya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Romani" title="Persian Romani">Persian Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_language" title="Saraiki language">Saraiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Bhil" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindhi Bhil">Sindhi Bhil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaghri_language" title="Vaghri language">Vaghri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagdi_language" title="Wagdi language">Wagdi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardic_languages" title="Dardic languages">Dardic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranic_languages" title="Iranic languages">Iranic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani Sign Language">Pakistani Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language_in_Pakistan" title="Persian language in Pakistan">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani Hindi">Pakistani Hindi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq">Nastaliq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdish" title="Urdish">Urdish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58635#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58635#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58635#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1052139/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58635#P10832" title="The WorldCat Entities id Q217 is not valid."><img alt="The WorldCat Entities id Q217 is not valid." 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11965127m">France</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671803"><span title="Pendjabi (langue)" class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11965127m">BnF data</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4211719-7">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007560638205171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85097451">United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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