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href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-耐火材料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#耐火材料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>耐火材料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-耐火材料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-种类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#种类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>种类</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-种类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脚注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脚注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>脚注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脚注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">耐火材料</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。35种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurvaste_materiale" title="Vuurvaste materiale – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vuurvaste materiale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مادة حرارية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مادة حرارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractari" title="Refractari – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Refractari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BD%C3%A1ruvzdorn%C3%BD_materi%C3%A1l" title="Žáruvzdorný materiál – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Žáruvzdorný materiál" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildfaste_materialer" title="Ildfaste materialer – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ildfaste materialer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feuerfester_Werkstoff" title="Feuerfester Werkstoff – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Feuerfester Werkstoff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%BF" title="Πυρίμαχο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυρίμαχο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory" title="Refractory – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Refractory" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fajrorezista_materialo" title="Fajrorezista materialo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fajrorezista materialo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_refractario" title="Material refractario – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Material refractario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_erregogor" title="Material erregogor – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Material erregogor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="دیرگداز – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیرگداز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A9riau_r%C3%A9fractaire" title="Matériau réfractaire – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Matériau réfractaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teasfhulangach" title="Teasfhulangach – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teasfhulangach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiais_refractarios" title="Materiais refractarios – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Materiais refractarios" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatrostalni_ozid" title="Vatrostalni ozid – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vatrostalni ozid" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հրակայուն նյութեր – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հրակայուն նյութեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraktori" title="Refraktori – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Refraktori" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiale_refrattario" title="Materiale refrattario – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Materiale refrattario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E7%89%A9" title="耐火物 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="耐火物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%B4%ED%99%94%EB%AC%BC" title="내화물 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="내화물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Отко чыдамдуу материалдар – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Отко чыдамдуу материалдар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurvast_materiaal" title="Vuurvast materiaal – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vuurvast materiaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildfasthet" title="Ildfasthet – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ildfasthet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materia%C5%82y_ogniotrwa%C5%82e" title="Materiały ogniotrwałe – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Materiały ogniotrwałe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiais_refrat%C3%A1rios" title="Materiais refratários – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Materiais refratários" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_refractar" title="Material refractar – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Material refractar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Огнеупорные материалы – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Огнеупорные материалы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatrostalni_ozid" title="Vatrostalni ozid – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vatrostalni ozid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory" title="Refractory – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Refractory" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldfasta_material" title="Eldfasta material – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Eldfasta material" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Refractory_materials" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1123417" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torpedo_car_refractory_bricks.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Torpedo_car_refractory_bricks.JPG/220px-Torpedo_car_refractory_bricks.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Torpedo_car_refractory_bricks.JPG/330px-Torpedo_car_refractory_bricks.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Torpedo_car_refractory_bricks.JPG/440px-Torpedo_car_refractory_bricks.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>运输铁水的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B1%BC%E9%9B%B7%E7%BD%90%E8%BD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鱼雷罐车（页面不存在）">鱼雷罐车</a>，内部构造为耐火砖</figcaption></figure> <p><b>耐火材料</b>的定义各国规定有所不同：<a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a>出版的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86" class="mw-redirect" title="国际标准">国际标准</a>中规定，耐火材料是指耐火度至少为1500℃的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无机非金属材料（页面不存在）">无机非金属材料</a>；在中国，耐火材料是耐火度不低于1580℃的无机非金属材料。目前有些特定的材料，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%BC%E9%92%A2" title="炼钢">炼钢</a>用的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E6%B8%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保护渣（页面不存在）">保护渣</a>，其耐火度仅1200℃，但传统上也称之为耐火材料。 </p><p>耐火材料被用来制造<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%89" title="炉">炉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%91" title="窑">窑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E7%84%9A%E7%83%A7" title="垃圾焚烧">垃圾焚化炉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="核反应堆">核反应堆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A9%E5%9F%9A" title="坩埚">坩埚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%85%B7" title="模具">模具</a>。如今，<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A2%E9%93%81%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%A6" title="钢铁冶金学">钢铁行业</a>使用了生产出来的大约70%的耐火材料。<sup id="cite_ref-SAIMM_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAIMM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="耐火材料"><span id=".E8.80.90.E7.81.AB.E6.9D.90.E6.96.99"></span>耐火材料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：耐火材料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>耐火材料必须在高温下保持化学和物理性质稳定。取决于操作环境，它们必须能抵抗<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%86%B2%E5%87%BB" title="热冲击">热冲击</a>、在化学性质上是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学惰性（页面不存在）">惰性</a>的，或是有特殊范围的<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%AF%BC%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="热导率">热导率</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E8%83%80%E5%86%B7%E7%BC%A9" title="热胀冷缩">热胀冷缩</a>系数。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%93%9D" title="氧化铝">氧化铝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%85" title="二氧化硅">二氧化硅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%95%81" title="氧化镁">氧化镁</a>是制造耐火材料里最重要的原料。另两种常见的原料是<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">钙</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%81%B0" title="石灰">石灰</a>）的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氧化物">氧化物</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耐火粘土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fire clay"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E7%B2%98%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耐火粘土（页面不存在）">耐火粘土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_clay" class="extiw" title="en:Fire clay"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fire clay</span></a></span>）</span></span>。 </p><p>有些特定的应用需要特殊的耐火材料。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%86" title="二氧化锆">二氧化锆</a>被用来制作可以耐非常高温的材料。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 另有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%85" title="碳化硅">碳化硅</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%A2%A8" title="石墨">石墨</a>）被用来制作可以耐非常强烈高温的材料，但它们不能接触<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧气</a>，因为会起<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="氧化还原反应">氧化还原反应</a>从而燃烧。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="二元化合物">二元化合物</a>（例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%96%E9%8E%A2" title="碳化鎢">碳化钨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%BC" title="氮化硼">氮化硼</a>）可以非常耐高温。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%96%E9%93%AA" title="碳化铪">碳化铪</a>是已知的最耐高温的二元化合物，<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a>达到3890 °C。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%85%83%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="三元化合物">三元化合物</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BD%E9%93%AA" title="碳化钽铪">碳化钽铪</a>是已知的熔点最高的化合物（4215 °C）。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="种类"><span id=".E7.A7.8D.E7.B1.BB"></span>种类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：种类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>耐火材料的种类很多，可以有很多分类方法。 </p> <ul><li>按耐火度高低分为： <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普通耐火材料（页面不存在）">普通耐火材料</a>（1580～1770℃）（如<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耐火粘土" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fire clay"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E7%B2%98%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耐火粘土（页面不存在）">耐火粘土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_clay" class="extiw" title="en:Fire clay"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fire clay</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高级耐火材料（页面不存在）">高级耐火材料</a>（1770～2000℃）（如<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%AC%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" title="亚铬酸盐">亚铬酸盐</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%BA%A7%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特级耐火材料（页面不存在）">特级耐火材料</a>（2000℃以上）（如<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%86" title="二氧化锆">二氧化锆</a>）</li></ul></li> <li>按化学特性可分为： <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%B8%E6%80%A7%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="酸性耐火材料（页面不存在）">酸性耐火材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中性耐火材料（页面不存在）">中性耐火材料</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%B1%E6%80%A7%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="碱性耐火材料（页面不存在）">碱性耐火材料</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>还有用于特殊场合的耐火材料。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="脚注"><span id=".E8.84.9A.E6.B3.A8"></span>脚注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：脚注"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SAIMM-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SAIMM_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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The Rosen Publishing Group. 2009. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781435850705" title="Special:网络书源/9781435850705"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781435850705</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft.aulast=Roza&rft.btitle=Zirconium&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781435850705&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-g_hx8ROlPYC%26pg%3DPA35%26dq%3DZirconia%2Bis%2Bused%2Bwhen%2Bthe%2Bmaterial%2Bmust%2Bwithstand%2Bextremely%2Bhigh%2Btemperatures%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjNl9GmuvrUAhVS9WMKHeIvD10Q6AEIPDAD%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DZirconia%2520is%2520used%2520when%2520the%2520material%2520must%2520withstand%2520extremely%2520high%2520temperatures%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hugh O. Pierson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NF3W6zlN9WsC&pg=PA206">Handbook of chemical vapor deposition (CVD): principles, technology, and applications</a>. William Andrew. 1992: 206– <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2011]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8155-1300-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8155-1300-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-8155-1300-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&rft.au=Hugh+O.+Pierson&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+chemical+vapor+deposition+%28CVD%29%3A+principles%2C+technology%2C+and+applications&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8155-1300-1&rft.pages=206-&rft.pub=William+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNF3W6zlN9WsC%26pg%3DPA206&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/72.shtml">Hafnium</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170811032626/http://periodic.lanl.gov/72.shtml">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Los Alamos National Laboratory</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TjYLAQAAIAAJ">McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of science and technology: an international reference work in fifteen volumes including an index</a>. McGraw-Hill. 1977: 360 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2011]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-07-079590-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-07-079590-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-07-079590-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&rft.btitle=McGraw-Hill+encyclopedia+of+science+and+technology%3A+an+international+reference+work+in+fifteen+volumes+including+an+index&rft.date=1977&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-07-079590-7&rft.pages=360&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTjYLAQAAIAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091216102514/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/251419/hafnium">Hafnium</a>. 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