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In this study, we assessed this association longitudinally in exposed and unexposed individuals. The degree of threat avoidance during exposure was expected to predict levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms 1 year later. Methods: Thirty-two participants were recruited and followed for 12 months, including 18 subjects exposed to rocket attacks and 14 nonexposed subjects. At 1-year follow-up, participants completed self-reports and an attention dot-probe task assessing threat-related bias. Results: State anxiety decreased at follow-up in exposed participants, though posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms remained higher in exposed than in the nonexposed group. Attentional threat avoidance during imminent danger in the exposed group changed to threat attendance a year later, such that both the exposed and the nonexposed group exhibited similar threat bias patterns. As hypothesized, in the exposed group, stronger attentional threat avoidance during stress exposure predicted higher levels of PTSD symptoms 1 year later. Conclusions: Attention bias away from threat during acute stress may relate to risk for PTSD. This suggests that neurocognitive measures may index risk for PTSD. Depression and Anxiety 28:406-411, 2011.","publication_date":"2011,,","publication_name":"Depression and Anxiety","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"85866372"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Attention bias away from threat during life threatening danger predicts PTSD symptoms at one-year follow-up","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [191057641]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":85866372,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Attention bias away from threat during life threatening danger predicts PTSD symptoms at one-year follow-up”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/85866372/mini_magick20220522-21324-l7at85.png?1653223462" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Attention bias away from threat during life threatening danger predicts PTSD symptoms at one-year follow-up</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="191057641" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ilanwald"><img alt="Profile image of ilan wald" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/191057641/54113490/42252356/s65_ilan.wald.png" />ilan wald</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2011, Depression and Anxiety</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">6 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 78998559; 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href="https://www.academia.edu/124219405/Attentional_bias_in_post_traumatic_stress_symptoms_or_anxiety">Attentional bias in post-traumatic stress symptoms or anxiety</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="318804062" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OphelieNachon">Ophelie Nachon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Journal of Trauma &amp; Dissociation, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Attentional bias in post-traumatic stress symptoms or anxiety","attachmentId":118486918,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124219405/Attentional_bias_in_post_traumatic_stress_symptoms_or_anxiety","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124219405/Attentional_bias_in_post_traumatic_stress_symptoms_or_anxiety"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="62865841" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62865841/Attention_bias_toward_threat_is_associated_with_exaggerated_fear_expression_and_impaired_extinction_in_PTSD">Attention bias toward threat is associated with exaggerated fear expression and impaired extinction in PTSD</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2405973" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ErinTone">Erin Tone</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Attention bias toward threat is associated with exaggerated fear expression and impaired extinction in PTSD","attachmentId":75494895,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62865841/Attention_bias_toward_threat_is_associated_with_exaggerated_fear_expression_and_impaired_extinction_in_PTSD","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62865841/Attention_bias_toward_threat_is_associated_with_exaggerated_fear_expression_and_impaired_extinction_in_PTSD"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="115637856" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115637856/Content_specificity_of_attentional_bias_to_threat_in_post_traumatic_stress_disorder">Content specificity of attentional bias to threat in post-traumatic stress disorder</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="94360863" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HasanMahmudReza">Hasan Mahmud Reza</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of anxiety disorders, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Attentional bias to affective information and reduced cognitive control may maintain the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and impair cognitive functioning. However, the role of content specificity of affective stimuli (e.g., trauma-related, emotional trauma-unrelated) in the observed attentional bias and cognitive control is less clear, as this has not been tested simultaneously before. Therefore, we examined the content specificity of attentional bias to threat in PTSD. PTSD participants (survivors of a multistory factory collapse, n=30) and matched controls (n=30) performed an Eriksen Flanker task. They identified the direction of a centrally presented target arrow, which was flanked by several task-irrelevant distractor arrows pointed to the same (congruent) or opposite direction (incongruent). Additionally, participants were presented with a picture of a face (neutral, emotional) or building (neutral=normal, emotional=collapsed multistory factory) as a task-irre...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Content specificity of attentional bias to threat in post-traumatic stress disorder","attachmentId":111989434,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115637856/Content_specificity_of_attentional_bias_to_threat_in_post_traumatic_stress_disorder","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115637856/Content_specificity_of_attentional_bias_to_threat_in_post_traumatic_stress_disorder"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="73147381" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73147381/Enhanced_Attentional_Bias_Variability_in_Post_Traumatic_Stress_Disorder_and_its_Relationship_to_More_General_Impairments_in_Cognitive_Control">Enhanced Attentional Bias Variability in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and its Relationship to More General Impairments in Cognitive Control</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32937091" href="https://ucdavis.academia.edu/DianeSwick">Diane Swick</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientific Reports</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Enhanced Attentional Bias Variability in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and its Relationship to More General Impairments in Cognitive Control","attachmentId":81780743,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73147381/Enhanced_Attentional_Bias_Variability_in_Post_Traumatic_Stress_Disorder_and_its_Relationship_to_More_General_Impairments_in_Cognitive_Control","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73147381/Enhanced_Attentional_Bias_Variability_in_Post_Traumatic_Stress_Disorder_and_its_Relationship_to_More_General_Impairments_in_Cognitive_Control"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":85866372,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":85866372,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_85866372" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/JillianShipherd">Jillian Shipherd</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45527404" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SarahAbramovitz">Sarah Abramovitz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Attentional biases in PTSD: More evidence for interference","attachmentId":43796327,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23339844/Attentional_biases_in_PTSD_More_evidence_for_interference","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/ErnstMonique">Monique Ernst</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Psychiatry, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Attention Bias to Threat in Maltreated Children: Implications for Vulnerability to Stress-Related Psychopathology","attachmentId":52548728,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32339524/Attention_Bias_to_Threat_in_Maltreated_Children_Implications_for_Vulnerability_to_Stress_Related_Psychopathology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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(2013). Attention to threat images in individuals with clinical and subthreshold symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27, 447-455. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.05.005</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="171267" href="https://ucalgary.academia.edu/KristinNewman">Kristin Newman</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Thomas, C.; Goegan, L.; Newman, K.; Arndt, J.; \u0026 Sears, C. (2013). Attention to threat images in individuals with clinical and subthreshold symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. 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data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="108207440" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108207440/Attentional_interference_by_threat_and_post_traumatic_stress_disorder_The_role_of_thought_control_strategies">Attentional interference by threat and post-traumatic stress disorder: The role of thought control strategies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45262961" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JillianShipherd">Jillian Shipherd</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cognition &amp; Emotion, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Attentional interference by threat and post-traumatic 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