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<li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1710–1800:_stocks,_solitaires,_neckcloths,_cravats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1710–1800:_stocks,_solitaires,_neckcloths,_cravats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1710–1800: stocks, solitaires, neckcloths, cravats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1710–1800:_stocks,_solitaires,_neckcloths,_cravats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1800–1850:_cravat,_stocks,_scarves,_bandanas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1800–1850:_cravat,_stocks,_scarves,_bandanas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1800–1850: cravat, stocks, scarves, bandanas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1800–1850:_cravat,_stocks,_scarves,_bandanas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1860s–1945:_bow_ties,_scarf/neckerchief,_the_ascot,_the_long_tie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1860s–1945:_bow_ties,_scarf/neckerchief,_the_ascot,_the_long_tie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1860s–1945: bow ties, scarf/neckerchief, the ascot, the long tie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1860s–1945:_bow_ties,_scarf/neckerchief,_the_ascot,_the_long_tie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945–1995" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945–1995"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>1945–1995</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945–1995-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1995–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1995–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>1995–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1995–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cravat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cravat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cravat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cravat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Four-in-hand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Four-in-hand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Four-in-hand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Four-in-hand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Six-_and_seven-fold_ties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Six-_and_seven-fold_ties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Six- and seven-fold ties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Six-_and_seven-fold_ties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skinny_tie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skinny_tie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Skinny tie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skinny_tie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Pre-tied"_ties_and_development_of_clip-ons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Pre-tied"_ties_and_development_of_clip-ons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>"Pre-tied" ties and development of clip-ons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Pre-tied"_ties_and_development_of_clip-ons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Knots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Knots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ties_as_a_sign_of_membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ties_as_a_sign_of_membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ties as a sign of membership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ties_as_a_sign_of_membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_by_women_and_girls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_by_women_and_girls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Use by women and girls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_by_women_and_girls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occasions_for_neckties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occasions_for_neckties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Occasions for neckties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occasions_for_neckties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_to_neckties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_to_neckties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Opposition to neckties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opposition_to_neckties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Opposition to neckties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Opposition_to_neckties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christian_denominations_teaching_plain_dress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_denominations_teaching_plain_dress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Christian denominations teaching plain dress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_denominations_teaching_plain_dress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-necktie_sentiment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-necktie_sentiment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Anti-necktie sentiment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-necktie_sentiment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_and_safety_hazards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_and_safety_hazards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Health and safety hazards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_and_safety_hazards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Necktie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 103 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das" title="Das – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Das" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%82" title="ربطة عنق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ربطة عنق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corvata" title="Corvata – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Corvata" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbata" title="Corbata – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Corbata" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajutyr%C3%B5ka" title="Ajutyrõka – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ajutyrõka" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalstuk" title="Qalstuk – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qalstuk" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کراوات – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کراوات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="নেকটাই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নেকটাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne-k%C3%BA-t%C3%A1i" title="Ne-kú-tái – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ne-kú-tái" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Галстук – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Галстук" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Гальштук – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гальштук" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Гальштук – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гальштук" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="टाई – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="टाई" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurbata" title="Kurbata – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kurbata" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вратовръзка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вратовръзка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kravata" title="Kravata – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kravata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kravatenn" title="Kravatenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kravatenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbata" title="Corbata – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Corbata" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kravata" title="Kravata – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kravata" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slips" title="Slips – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slips" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krawatte" title="Krawatte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Krawatte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lips" title="Lips – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lips" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Γραβάτα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γραβάτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cru%C3%A0ta" title="Cruàta – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Cruàta" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbata" title="Corbata – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corbata" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kravato" title="Kravato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kravato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorbata" title="Gorbata – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gorbata" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کراوات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کراوات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cravate" title="Cravate – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cravate" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbhat" title="Carbhat – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Carbhat" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carvat" title="Carvat – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Carvat" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravata" title="Gravata – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gravata" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کراوات – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="کراوات" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne-ku-tai" title="Ne-ku-tai – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ne-ku-tai" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A5%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4" title="넥타이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="넥타이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA" title="Փողկապ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փողկապ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kravata" title="Kravata – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kravata" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kravato" title="Kravato – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kravato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasi" title="Dasi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cravata" title="Cravata – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cravata" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindi" title="Bindi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bindi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cravatta" title="Cravatta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cravatta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94" title="עניבה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עניבה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhasi" title="Dhasi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dhasi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="ჰალსტუხი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰალსტუხი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Галстук – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Галстук" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stovank" title="Stovank – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Stovank" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kravata" title="Kravata – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kravata" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focale" title="Focale – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Focale" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaklasaite" title="Kaklasaite – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kaklasaite" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaklarai%C5%A1tis" title="Kaklaraištis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaklaraištis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krevat" title="Krevat – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Krevat" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nk%C9%9B%CC%81k%C9%9B%CC%81l%C9%9B%CC%81" title="Nkɛ́kɛ́lɛ́ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nkɛ́kɛ́lɛ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyakkend%C5%91" title="Nyakkendő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyakkendő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вратоврска – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вратоврска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%88" title="നെക്ക് ടൈ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നെക്ക് ടൈ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87" title="جرافته – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جرافته" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tali_leher" title="Tali leher – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tali leher" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Зангиа – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зангиа" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechmecatl" title="Quechmecatl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Quechmecatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neketai" title="Neketai – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Neketai" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stropdas" title="Stropdas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stropdas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stropdas" title="Stropdas – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Stropdas" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4" title="ネクタイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネクタイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slips" title="Slips – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slips" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slips" title="Slips – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Slips" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cravate" title="Cravate – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Cravate" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਨੈੱਕਟਾਈ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੈੱਕਟਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krawat" title="Krawat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krawat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravata" title="Gravata – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gravata" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyunba%C4%9F" title="Boyunbağ – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Boyunbağ" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cravat%C4%83" title="Cravată – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cravată" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Галстук – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Галстук" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbata" title="Corbata – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Corbata" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kravata" title="Kravata – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kravata" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necktie" title="Necktie – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Necktie" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%A7%D8%A1%D9%90" title="نيڪٽاءِ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نيڪٽاءِ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kravata" title="Kravata – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kravata" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kravata" title="Kravata – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kravata" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binder" title="Binder – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Binder" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="بۆینباغ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆینباغ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Кравата – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кравата" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kravata" title="Kravata – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kravata" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasi" title="Dasi – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Dasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solmio" title="Solmio – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Solmio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slips" title="Slips – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slips" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurbata" title="Kurbata – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kurbata" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%88" title="నెక్ టై – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నెక్ టై" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97" title="เน็กไท – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เน็กไท" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Clothing item traditionally around the neck</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the animated short film, see <a href="/wiki/The_Necktie" title="The Necktie">The Necktie</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_necktie_with_a_tie_clasp_of_Tokushimakita_Senior_High_School.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/A_necktie_with_a_tie_clasp_of_Tokushimakita_Senior_High_School.jpg/220px-A_necktie_with_a_tie_clasp_of_Tokushimakita_Senior_High_School.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/A_necktie_with_a_tie_clasp_of_Tokushimakita_Senior_High_School.jpg/330px-A_necktie_with_a_tie_clasp_of_Tokushimakita_Senior_High_School.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/A_necktie_with_a_tie_clasp_of_Tokushimakita_Senior_High_School.jpg/440px-A_necktie_with_a_tie_clasp_of_Tokushimakita_Senior_High_School.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A necktie with a tie clasp</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>necktie</b>, or simply a <b>tie</b>, is a piece of cloth worn for decorative purposes around the <a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">neck</a>, resting under the <a href="/wiki/Collar_(clothing)" title="Collar (clothing)">shirt collar</a> and knotted at the throat, and often draped down the chest. </p><p>Variants include the <a href="/wiki/Ascot_tie" title="Ascot tie">ascot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">bow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">bolo</a>, zipper tie, <a href="/wiki/Cravat_(early)" title="Cravat (early)">cravat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Knit_tie" title="Knit tie">knit</a>. The modern necktie, ascot, and bow tie are descended from the cravat. Neckties are generally unsized but may be available in a longer size. In some cultures, men and boys wear neckties as part of <a href="/wiki/Office_attire" class="mw-redirect" title="Office attire">office attire</a> or <a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">formal wear</a>. Women wear them less often. Neckties can also be part of a <a href="/wiki/Uniform" title="Uniform">uniform</a>. Neckties are traditionally worn with the top shirt button fastened, and the tie knot resting between the collar points.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cravat_(early)" title="Cravat (early)">Cravat (early)</a></div> <p>The necktie that spread from Europe traces back to <a href="/wiki/Croats_(military_unit)" title="Croats (military unit)">Croatian mercenaries</a> serving in France during the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> (1618–1648). These mercenaries from the <a href="/wiki/Military_Frontier" title="Military Frontier">Military Frontier</a>, wearing their traditional small, knotted <a href="/wiki/Neckerchief" title="Neckerchief">neckerchiefs</a>, aroused the interest of the <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Parisians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-r1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the difference between the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> word for Croats, <span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">Hrvati</i></span>, and the French word, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Croates</i></span>, the garment gained the name <i><a href="/wiki/Cravat_(early)" title="Cravat (early)">cravat</a></i> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cravate" class="extiw" title="fr:Cravate">cravate</a></i></span> in French).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> began wearing a lace cravat around 1646 when he was seven and set the fashion for French nobility. This new article of clothing started a fashion craze in Europe; both men and women wore pieces of fabric around their necks. From its introduction by the French king, men wore <a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">lace</a> cravats, or <a href="/wiki/Jabot_(neckwear)" title="Jabot (neckwear)">jabots</a>, which took a large amount of time and effort to arrange. These cravats were often tied in place by cravat strings, arranged neatly and tied in a bow. </p><p>International Necktie Day is celebrated on October 18 in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and in various cities around the world, including in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Como" title="Como">Como</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> and other towns.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1710–1800:_stocks,_solitaires,_neckcloths,_cravats"><span id="1710.E2.80.931800:_stocks.2C_solitaires.2C_neckcloths.2C_cravats"></span>1710–1800: stocks, solitaires, neckcloths, cravats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1710–1800: stocks, solitaires, neckcloths, cravats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1715, another kind of neckwear, called "<a href="/wiki/Stock_tie" title="Stock tie">stocks</a>" made its appearance. The term originally referred to a leather collar, laced at the back, worn by soldiers to promote holding the head high in a military bearing. The leather stock also afforded some protection to the major blood vessels of the neck from <a href="/wiki/Saber" class="mw-redirect" title="Saber">saber</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">bayonet</a> attacks. <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">General Sherman</a> is seen wearing a leather stock in several American Civil War-era photographs. </p><p>Stock ties were initially just a small piece of <a href="/wiki/Muslin" title="Muslin">muslin</a> folded into a narrow band wound a few times around the shirt collar and secured from behind with a pin. It was fashionable for men to wear their hair long, past shoulder length. The ends were tucked into a black silk bag worn at the nape of the neck. This was known as the bag-wig hairstyle, and the neckwear worn with it was the stock. </p><p>The solitaire was a variation of the bag wig. This form had matching ribbons stitched around the bag. After the stock was in place, the <a href="/wiki/Ribbon" title="Ribbon">ribbons</a> would be brought forward and tied in a large bow in front of the wearer. </p><p>Sometime in the late 18th century, cravats began to make an appearance again.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2011)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup> This can be attributed to a group of young men called the <a href="/wiki/Macaroni_(fashion)" title="Macaroni (fashion)">macaronis</a> (as mentioned in the song "<a href="/wiki/Yankee_Doodle" title="Yankee Doodle">Yankee Doodle</a>"). These were young Englishmen who returned from Europe and brought with them new ideas about fashion from Italy. The French contemporaries of the macaronis were the 'petits-maîtres' and <a href="/wiki/Incroyables" class="mw-redirect" title="Incroyables">incroyables</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1800–1850:_cravat,_stocks,_scarves,_bandanas"><span id="1800.E2.80.931850:_cravat.2C_stocks.2C_scarves.2C_bandanas"></span>1800–1850: cravat, stocks, scarves, bandanas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1800–1850: cravat, stocks, scarves, bandanas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man%27s_tailcoat_detail_with_stock_and_beaver_top_hat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Man%27s_tailcoat_detail_with_stock_and_beaver_top_hat.jpg/220px-Man%27s_tailcoat_detail_with_stock_and_beaver_top_hat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Man%27s_tailcoat_detail_with_stock_and_beaver_top_hat.jpg/330px-Man%27s_tailcoat_detail_with_stock_and_beaver_top_hat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Man%27s_tailcoat_detail_with_stock_and_beaver_top_hat.jpg/440px-Man%27s_tailcoat_detail_with_stock_and_beaver_top_hat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1662" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pleat" title="Pleat">Pleated</a> silk satin stock, Boston, c. 1830. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art" title="Los Angeles County Museum of Art">Los Angeles County Museum of Art</a>, AC1998.78.1</figcaption></figure> <p>At this time, there was also much interest in the way to tie a proper cravat and this led to a series of publications. This began in 1818 with the publication of <i>Neckclothitania</i>, a style manual that contained illustrated instructions on how to tie 14 different cravats. Soon after, the immense skill required to tie the cravat in certain styles quickly became a mark of a man's elegance and wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also the first book to use the word <i>tie</i> in association with neckwear. </p><p>It was about this time that black stocks made their appearance. Their popularity eclipsed the white cravat, except for formal and evening wear. These remained popular through the 1850s. At this time, another form of neckwear worn was the <a href="/wiki/Scarf" title="Scarf">scarf</a>. This was where a neckerchief or <a href="/wiki/Bandana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandana">bandana</a> was held in place by slipping the ends through a finger or scarf ring at the neck instead of using a knot. This is the classic sailor neckwear and may have been adopted from them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1860s–1945:_bow_ties,_scarf/neckerchief,_the_ascot,_the_long_tie"><span id="1860s.E2.80.931945:_bow_ties.2C_scarf.2Fneckerchief.2C_the_ascot.2C_the_long_tie"></span>1860s–1945: bow ties, scarf/neckerchief, the ascot, the long tie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1860s–1945: bow ties, scarf/neckerchief, the ascot, the long tie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mathew_Brady_1875_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mathew_Brady_1875_cropped.jpg/220px-Mathew_Brady_1875_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mathew_Brady_1875_cropped.jpg/330px-Mathew_Brady_1875_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mathew_Brady_1875_cropped.jpg/440px-Mathew_Brady_1875_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mathew_Brady" title="Mathew Brady">Mathew Brady</a> wearing a tie in 1875</figcaption></figure> <p>With the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, more people wanted neckwear that was easy to put on, was comfortable and would last an entire workday. Neckties were designed to be long, thin, and easy to knot, without accidentally coming undone. This is the necktie design still worn by millions. </p><p>Academic tailors Castell & Son (Oxford) Limited, which opened in 1846 in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, takes credit for creating the first modern style necktie in 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1903, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> became the first US president to wear the modern long necktie in a presidential portrait.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By this time, the sometimes complicated array of knots and styles of neckwear gave way to neckties and <a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">bow ties</a>, the latter a much smaller, more convenient version of the cravat. Another type of neckwear, the <a href="/wiki/Ascot_tie" title="Ascot tie">ascot tie</a>, was considered <i>de rigueur</i> for male guests at formal dinners and male spectators at races. These ascots had wide flaps that were crossed and pinned together on the chest. </p><p>In 1922, a New York tie maker, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesse_Langsdorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesse Langsdorf (page does not exist)">Jesse Langsdorf</a>, came up with a method of cutting the fabric on the <a href="/wiki/Bias_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bias (textile)">bias</a> and sewing it in three segments.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This technique improved elasticity and facilitated the fabric's return to its original shape. Since that time, most men have worn the "Langsdorf" tie.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet another development during that time was the method used to secure the lining and <a href="/wiki/Lining_(sewing)" title="Lining (sewing)">interlining</a> once the tie had been folded into shape. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945–1995"><span id="1945.E2.80.931995"></span>1945–1995</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1945–1995"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Necktie" title="Special:EditPage/Necktie">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tie_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Tie_collection.jpg/220px-Tie_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Tie_collection.jpg/330px-Tie_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Tie_collection.jpg/440px-Tie_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="1580" /></a><figcaption>A collection of different colors of ties</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krawaty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Krawaty.jpg/220px-Krawaty.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Krawaty.jpg/330px-Krawaty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Krawaty.jpg/440px-Krawaty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption>Two patterned neckties</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, hand-painted ties became an accepted form of decoration in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The widths of some of these ties went up to 4.5 inches (11 cm). These loud, flamboyant ties sold very well through the 1950s. </p><p>Diagonal ("regimental or "repp") stripes are a common necktie pattern. In Britain and other Commonwealth countries, these have been used to denote association with a particular military regiment, corps, or service since at least the 1920s, and are also used to represent civic and educational institutions. It is considered inappropriate for persons who are unaffiliated with a regiment, university, school, or other organization, to wear a necktie affiliated with that organization. In Commonwealth countries, necktie stripes commonly run from the left shoulder down to the right side but when <a href="/wiki/Brooks_Brothers" title="Brooks Brothers">Brooks Brothers</a> introduced similar striped ties in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, around the beginning of the 20th century, they had their stripes run from the right shoulder to the left side, in part to distinguish them from British regimental striped neckties. Members of the <a href="/wiki/British_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="British Royal Family">British Royal Family</a> are frequently seen wearing regimental striped ties corresponding to the military unit in which they have served or been appointed to an honorary position such as <a href="/wiki/Colonel-in-chief" title="Colonel-in-chief">colonel-in-chief</a>. </p><p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> ties were typically worn shorter than they are today. This was due, in part, to men at that time more commonly wearing <a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">trousers</a> with a higher rise (at the natural waist, just above the belly button) and waistcoats; i.e., ties could be shorter because trousers sat higher up and, at any rate, the tip of the tie was almost always concealed. Around 1944, ties started to become not only wider but even wilder. This was the beginning of what was later labeled the <a href="/wiki/1945%E2%80%931960_in_fashion#Suits" class="mw-redirect" title="1945–1960 in fashion">Bold Look</a>: ties that reflected the returning GIs' desire to break with wartime uniformity. Widths reached 5 inches (13 cm), and designs included <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>, hunting scenes, scenic "photographs", tropical themes, and even girlie prints, though more traditional designs were also available. The typical length was 48 inches (120 cm). </p><p>The Bold Look lasted until about 1951 when the "Mister T" look (so termed by <a href="/wiki/Esquire_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Esquire magazine">Esquire magazine</a>) was introduced. The new style, characterized by tapered suits, slimmer <a href="/wiki/Lapel" title="Lapel">lapels</a>, and smaller <a href="/wiki/Brim_(hat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brim (hat)">hat brims</a>, included thinner and not so wild ties. Tie widths slimmed to 3 inches (7.6 cm) by 1953 and continued getting thinner up until the mid-1960s; length increased to about 52 inches (130 cm) as men started wearing their trousers lower, closer to the hips. Through the 1950s, neckties remained somewhat colorful, yet more restrained than in the previous decade. Small geometric shapes were often employed against a solid background (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Foulard" title="Foulard">foulards</a>); diagonal stripes were also popular. By the early 1960s, dark, solid ties became very common, with widths slimming down to as little as 1 inch (2.5 cm). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HH_Polizeihauptmeister_MZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/HH_Polizeihauptmeister_MZ.jpg/220px-HH_Polizeihauptmeister_MZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/HH_Polizeihauptmeister_MZ.jpg/330px-HH_Polizeihauptmeister_MZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/HH_Polizeihauptmeister_MZ.jpg/440px-HH_Polizeihauptmeister_MZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="4368" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Police" title="Hamburg Police">policeman</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, wearing a necktie</figcaption></figure> <p>The 1960s brought about an influx of <a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">pop art</a> influenced designs. The first was designed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Fish_(fashion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Fish (fashion)">Michael Fish</a> when he worked at <a href="/wiki/Turnbull_%26_Asser" title="Turnbull & Asser">Turnbull & Asser</a>, and was introduced in Britain in 1965; the term <a href="/wiki/Kipper_tie" title="Kipper tie">Kipper tie</a> was a pun on his name, as well as a reference to the triangular shape of the front of the tie. The exuberance of the styles of the late 1960s and early 1970s gradually gave way to more restrained designs. Ties became wider, returning to their <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-inch (11 cm) width, sometimes with garish colors and designs. The traditional designs of the 1930s and 1950s, such as those produced by <a href="/wiki/Tootal" title="Tootal">Tootal</a>, reappeared, particularly <a href="/wiki/Paisley_(design)" title="Paisley (design)">Paisley</a> patterns. Ties began to be sold along with shirts, and designers slowly began to experiment with bolder colors. </p><p>In the 1980s, narrower ties, some as narrow as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> inches (3.8 cm) but more typically <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">3 to <span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inches (7.6 to 8.3 cm) wide, became popular again. Into the 1990s, as ties got wider again, increasingly unusual designs became common. Novelty (or joke) ties or deliberately <a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">kitschy</a> ties designed to make a statement gained a certain popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. These included ties featuring cartoon characters, <a href="/wiki/Commercial_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial products">commercial products</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">pop culture</a> icons, and those made of unusual materials, such as <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>. During this period, with men wearing their trousers at their hips, ties lengthened to 57 inches (140 cm). </p><p>The number of ties sold in the United States reached a peak of 110 million in the early 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1995–present"><span id="1995.E2.80.93present"></span>1995–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1995–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During this period, the use of neckties in the workplace underwent a gradual decline. By 2001, the number of ties sold per year in the US had declined to 60 million.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the start of the 21st century, ties widened to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> to <span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inches (8.9 to 9.5 cm) wide, with a broad range of patterns available, from traditional stripes, foulards, and club ties (ties with a crest or design signifying a club, organization, or order) to abstract, themed, and humorous ones. The standard length remains 57 inches (140 cm), though other lengths vary from 117 cm to 152 cm. While ties as wide as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inches (9.5 cm) are still available, ties under 3 inches (7.6 cm) wide also became popular, particularly with younger men and the fashion-conscious. In 2008 and 2009 the world of fashion saw a return to narrower ties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neckclothitania-1818.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Neckclothitania-1818.gif/170px-Neckclothitania-1818.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Neckclothitania-1818.gif/255px-Neckclothitania-1818.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Neckclothitania-1818.gif/340px-Neckclothitania-1818.gif 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption>A page from Neckclothitania showing different cravat knots</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cravat">Cravat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cravat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Necktie" title="Special:EditPage/Necktie">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1660, in celebration of its hard-fought victory over the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, a crack regiment from <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> visited <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. There, the soldiers were presented as glorious heroes to <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a>, a monarch well known for his eye for personal adornment. It so happened that the officers of this regiment were wearing brightly colored handkerchiefs fashioned of silk around their necks. These neckcloths struck the fancy of the king, and he soon made them an insignia of royalty as he created a regiment of Royal Cravattes. The word <i>cravat</i> is derived from the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">à la croate</i></span>—'in the style of the <a href="/wiki/Croat" class="mw-redirect" title="Croat">Croats</a>'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Four-in-hand">Four-in-hand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Four-in-hand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Necktie" title="Special:EditPage/Necktie">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The four-in-hand necktie (as distinct from the <a href="/wiki/Four-in-hand_knot" title="Four-in-hand knot">four-in-hand knot</a>) was fashionable in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> in the 1850s. Early neckties were simple, rectangular cloth strips cut on the square, with square ends. The term <i>four-in-hand</i> originally described a carriage with four horses and a driver; later, it also was the name of a <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> <a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_club" title="Gentlemen's club">gentlemen's club</a>, The Four-in-Hand Driving Company founded in 1856. Some etymologic reports are that carriage drivers knotted their reins with a four-in-hand knot (see <a href="#Types_of_knot">below</a>), whilst others claim the carriage drivers wore their scarves knotted 'four-in-hand', but, most likely, members of the club began wearing their neckties so knotted, thus making it fashionable. In the latter half of the 19th century, the four-in-hand knot and the four-in-hand necktie were synonymous. As fashion changed from stiff shirt collars to soft, turned-down collars, the four-in-hand necktie knot gained popularity; its sartorial dominance rendered the term <i>four-in-hand</i> redundant usage, shortened <i>long tie</i> and <i>tie</i>. </p><p>In 1926, Jesse Langsdorf from <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> introduced ties cut on the <a href="/wiki/Bias_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bias (textile)">bias</a> (US) or <a href="/wiki/Cross-grain" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-grain">cross-grain</a> (UK), allowing the tie to evenly fall from the knot without twisting; this also caused any woven <a href="/wiki/Pattern" title="Pattern">pattern</a> such as stripes to appear diagonally across the tie. </p><p>Today, four-in-hand ties are part of men's dress clothing in both <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> and non-Western societies, particularly for business. </p><p>Four-in-hand ties are generally made from <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> or <a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">polyester</a> and occasionally with <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>. Another material used is <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>, usually knitted, common before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> but not as popular nowadays. More recently,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2011)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Microfiber" title="Microfiber">microfiber</a> ties have also appeared; in the 1950s and 1960s, other manmade fabrics, such as <a href="/wiki/Dacron" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacron">Dacron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">rayon</a>, were also used, but have fallen into disfavor. Modern ties appear in a wide variety of colors and patterns, notably striped (usually diagonally); club ties (with a small motif repeated regularly all over the tie); <a href="/wiki/Foulard" title="Foulard">foulards</a> (with small geometric shapes on a solid background); <a href="/wiki/Paisley_(design)" title="Paisley (design)">paisleys</a>; and solids. Novelty ties featuring <a href="/wiki/Icon_(semiotics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Icon (semiotics)">icons</a> from popular culture (such as cartoons, actors, or holiday images), sometimes with flashing lights, have enjoyed some popularity since the 1980s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Six-_and_seven-fold_ties">Six- and seven-fold ties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Six- and seven-fold ties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A seven-fold tie is an unlined construction variant of the four-in-hand necktie which pre-existed the use of interlining. Its creation at the end of the 19th century is attributed to the Parisian shirtmaker Washington Tremlett for an American customer.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A seven-fold tie is constructed completely out of silk. A six-fold tie is a modern alteration of the seven-fold tie. This construction method is more symmetrical than the true seven-fold. It has an interlining which gives it a little more weight and is self-tipped.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skinny_tie">Skinny tie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Skinny tie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A skinny tie is a necktie that is narrower than the standard tie and often all-black. Skinny ties have widths of around <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> inches (6.4 cm) at their widest, compared to usually 3–4 inches (7.6–10.2 cm) for regular ties.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skinny ties were first popularized in the late 1950s and early 1960s by British bands such as <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Kinks" title="The Kinks">the Kinks</a>, alongside the subculture that embraced such bands, the <a href="/wiki/Mod_(subculture)" title="Mod (subculture)">mods</a>. This is because clothes of the time evolved to become more form-fitting and tailored.<sup id="cite_ref-r1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were later repopularized in the late 1970s and early 1980s by <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Power_pop" title="Power pop">power pop</a> bands such as <a href="/wiki/The_Knack" title="The Knack">the Knack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blondie_(band)" title="Blondie (band)">Blondie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duran_Duran" title="Duran Duran">Duran Duran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Pre-tied"_ties_and_development_of_clip-ons"><span id=".22Pre-tied.22_ties_and_development_of_clip-ons"></span>"Pre-tied" ties and development of clip-ons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: "Pre-tied" ties and development of clip-ons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Clip-on_tie" title="Clip-on tie">Clip-on tie</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EarlyClipOnTiePatentIllustrnJWaehner1875_US170651.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/EarlyClipOnTiePatentIllustrnJWaehner1875_US170651.png/170px-EarlyClipOnTiePatentIllustrnJWaehner1875_US170651.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/EarlyClipOnTiePatentIllustrnJWaehner1875_US170651.png/255px-EarlyClipOnTiePatentIllustrnJWaehner1875_US170651.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/EarlyClipOnTiePatentIllustrnJWaehner1875_US170651.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="248" /></a><figcaption>Early illustration of a pre-tied clip-on tie.<sup id="cite_ref-p1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clip-On_Tie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Clip-On_Tie.jpg/220px-Clip-On_Tie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Clip-On_Tie.jpg/330px-Clip-On_Tie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Clip-On_Tie.jpg/440px-Clip-On_Tie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption>A solid black clip-on tie</figcaption></figure> <p>The "pre-tied" necktie, or more commonly, the clip-on necktie, is a permanently knotted four-in-hand or bow tie affixed by a clip or hook. The clip-on tie sees use with children, and in occupations where a traditional necktie might pose a safety hazard to mechanical equipment operators, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see <a href="#Health_and_safety_hazards">§ Health and safety hazards</a> below). </p><p>The perceived utility of this development in the history of the style is evidenced by the series of patents issued for various forms of these ties, beginning in the late 19th century,<sup id="cite_ref-p1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-p2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the businesses filing these applications and fulfilling a market need for them. For instance, a patent filed by Joseph W. Less of the <i>One-In-Hand Tie Company</i> of Clinton, Iowa for "Pre-tied neckties and methods for making the same" noted that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[M]any efforts<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] in the past to provide a satisfactory four-in-hand tie so<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] that the wearer<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] need not tie the knot<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] had numerous disadvantages and<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] limited commercial success. Usually, such ties have not accurately simulated the Windsor knot, and have often had a[n]<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] unconventional made-up appearance. Frequently,<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] [they were] difficult to attach and uncomfortable when worn<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] [and] unduly expensive<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] [offering] little advantage over the conventional.<sup id="cite_ref-google.sc_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google.sc-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The inventor proceeded to claim for the invention—the latest version of the 1930s–1950s product line from former concert violinist Joseph Less, Iowan brothers Walter and Louis, and son-in-law W. Emmett Thiessen evolved to be identifiable as the modern clip-on<sup id="cite_ref-b1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—"a novel method for making up the tie<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] [eliminating] the neckband of the tie, which is useless and uncomfortable in warm weather<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] [and providing] means of attachment which is effective and provides no discomfort to the wearer", and in doing so achieves "accurate simulation of the Windsor knot, and extremely low material and labor costs".<sup id="cite_ref-google.sc_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google.sc-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably, the company made use of ordinary ties purchased from the New York garment industry and was a significant employer of women in the pre-war and World War II years.<sup id="cite_ref-b1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Knots">Knots</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Knots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Necktie" title="Special:EditPage/Necktie">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv/220px--How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="79" data-mwtitle="How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv/How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv/How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv/How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv/How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv/How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv/How_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHow_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHow_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv&lang=es-formal&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es-x-formal" label="español (formal) ‪(es-formal)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHow_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHow_to_tie_a_Cravat.ogv&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>A demonstration of tying a tie</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tie_dimple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tie_dimple.jpg/170px-Tie_dimple.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tie_dimple.jpg/255px-Tie_dimple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tie_dimple.jpg/340px-Tie_dimple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A half Windsor knot with a dimple</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Necktie_Atlantic_knot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Necktie_Atlantic_knot.jpg/170px-Necktie_Atlantic_knot.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Necktie_Atlantic_knot.jpg/255px-Necktie_Atlantic_knot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Necktie_Atlantic_knot.jpg/340px-Necktie_Atlantic_knot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>An Atlantic knot, which is notable for being tied backwards</figcaption></figure> <p>There are four main <a href="/wiki/Knot" title="Knot">knots</a> used to knot neckties. In rising order of difficulty, they are: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Four-in-hand_knot" title="Four-in-hand knot">four-in-hand knot</a>. The four-in-hand knot may be the most common.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Pratt_knot" title="Pratt knot">Pratt knot</a> (the Shelby knot)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Half-Windsor_knot" title="Half-Windsor knot">half-Windsor knot</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Windsor_knot" title="Windsor knot">Windsor knot</a> (also redundantly called the "full Windsor" and the "Double Windsor").</li></ul> <p>Although he did not invent it, the Windsor knot is named after the <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VIII of the United Kingdom">Duke of Windsor</a>. The Duke did favor a voluminous knot; however, he achieved this by having neckties specially made of thicker cloths. </p><p>In the late 1990s, two researchers, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fink" title="Thomas Fink">Thomas Fink</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yong_Mao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yong Mao (page does not exist)">Yong Mao</a> of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge's</a> <a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Laboratory" title="Cavendish Laboratory">Cavendish Laboratory</a>, used mathematical modeling to discover that 85 knots are possible with a conventional tie (limiting the number "moves" used to tie the knot to nine; longer sequences of moves result in too large a knot or leave the hanging ends of the tie too short). The models were published in academic journals, while the results and the 85 knots were published in layman's terms in a book entitled <i><a href="/wiki/The_85_Ways_to_Tie_a_Tie" title="The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie">The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-85ways_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85ways-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 85 knots, Fink and Mao selected 13 knots as "aesthetic" knots, using the qualities of symmetry and balance. Based on these mathematical principles, the researchers came up with not only the four necktie knots in common use, but nine more, some of which had seen limited use, and some that are believed to have been codified for the first time. </p><p>Other types of knots include: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Small_knot" title="Small knot">Small knot</a></b> (also "oriental knot", "Kent knot"): the smallest possible necktie knot. It forms an equilateral triangle, like the half-Windsor, but much more compact (Fink–Mao notation: Lo Ri Co T, Knot 1). It is also the smallest knot to begin inside-out.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicky_knot" title="Nicky knot">Nicky knot</a></b>: an alternative version of the <a href="/wiki/Pratt_knot" title="Pratt knot">Pratt knot</a>, but better-balanced and self-releasing (Lo Ci Ro Li Co T, Knot 4). Supposedly named for <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a>, it tends to be equally referred to as the Pratt knot in men's style literature. This is the version of the Pratt knot favored by Fink and Mao.</li> <li><b>Atlantic knot</b>: a reversed Pratt knot, highlighting the structure of the knot normally hidden on the back. For the wide blade to remain in front and right-side-out, the knot must begin right-side-out, and the thin end must be wrapped around the wide end. (Ri Co Ri Lo Ci T; not cataloged by Fink and Mao, but would be numbered 5<sup>r</sup> according to their classification.)</li> <li><b>Prince Albert knot</b> (also "double knot", "cross Victoria knot"): A variant of the four-in-hand with an extra pass of the wide blade around the front, before passing the wide blade through both of the resultant loops (Li Ro Li Ro Li Co T T, Knot 6<sub>2</sub>). A version knotted through only the outermost loop is known as the <b>Victoria knot</b> (Li Ro Li Ro Li Co T, Knot 6).</li> <li><b>Christensen knot</b> (also "cross knot"): An elongated, symmetrical knot, whose main feature is the cruciform structure made by knotting the necktie through the double loop made in the front (Li Ro Ci Lo Ri Lo Ri Co T T, Knot 25<sub>2</sub>). While it can be made with modern neckties, it is most effective with thinner ties of consistent width, which fell out of common use after the 19th century.</li> <li><b>Ediety knot</b> (also "Merovingian knot"): a doubled Atlantic knot, best known as the tie knot worn by the character "<a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_characters_in_the_Matrix_series#Merovingian" class="mw-redirect" title="List of minor characters in the Matrix series">the Merovingian</a>" in the 2003 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix_Reloaded" title="The Matrix Reloaded">The Matrix Reloaded</a></i>. This tie can be knotted with the thin end over the wide end, as with the Atlantic knot, or with the wide end over the thin end to mimic the look seen in the film, with the narrow blade in front. (Ri Co Ri Lo Ci Ri Co Ri Lo Ci T – not cataloged by Fink and Mao, as its 10 moves exceed their parameters.)</li> <li><b>Trinity knot</b>: This knot was first created by Christopher Johnson in Watertown, WI in 2004. He was inspired by the 2003 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix_Reloaded" title="The Matrix Reloaded">The Matrix Reloaded</a></i>. It is relatively easy to tie in spite of its complex look. It is best with a tie that is without taper or flare on the narrow blade. (Tying the thin end over the larger end, it can be described as Li Co Li Ro Ci Lo Ri Co T Li Ro T, with the final through move being like a Ci move. Due to having 11 moves and two through moves, it was not listed by Fink and Mao.)</li> <li><b>Herringbone knot</b> (also "Eldredge knot"): This knot is tied in almost the same process as the Trinity knot, but tends to create more volume to the sides, and is thus most suited to spread or cutaway collars.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Grantchester_knot" title="Grantchester knot">Grantchester knot</a></b>: A self-releasing, asymmetric knot.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ties_as_a_sign_of_membership">Ties as a sign of membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ties as a sign of membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/School_tie" title="School tie">School tie</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andover_ties.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Andover_ties.JPG/220px-Andover_ties.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Andover_ties.JPG/330px-Andover_ties.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Andover_ties.JPG/440px-Andover_ties.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>The two variants of the school tie for <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Academy" title="Phillips Academy">Phillips Academy</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The use of coloured and patterned neckties indicating the wearer's membership in a club, military regiment, school, professional association (Royal Colleges, Inns of Courts) or other institution, dates only from late-19th century <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Club_tie_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Club_tie-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The immediate forerunners of today's college neckties were in 1880 the <a href="/wiki/Sport_rowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport rowing">oarsmen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Exeter_College_Boat_Club" title="Exeter College Boat Club">Exeter College, Oxford</a>, who tied the bands of their straw hats around their necks.<sup id="cite_ref-Club_tie_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Club_tie-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and many <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> countries, neckties are commonly an essential component of a school uniform and are either worn daily, seasonally or on special occasions with the school blazer. In <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, neckties are worn as the everyday uniform, usually as part of the winter uniform. In countries with no winter such as <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, and many African countries, the necktie is usually worn as part of the formal uniform on special occasions or functions. Neckties may also denote membership in a <a href="/wiki/House_system" title="House system">house</a> or a leadership role (i.e. school prefect, house captain, etc.). </p><p>The most common pattern for such ties in the UK and most of Europe consists of diagonal stripes of alternating colors running down the tie from the wearer's left. Since neckties are cut on the bias (diagonally), the stripes on the cloth are parallel or perpendicular to the selvage, not diagonal. The colors themselves may be particularly significant. The dark blue and red regimental tie of the <a href="/wiki/Household_Division" title="Household Division">Household Division</a> is said to represent the blue blood (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a>) of the Royal Family, and the red blood of the Guards.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the United States, diagonally striped ties are commonly worn with no connotation of a group membership. Typically, American striped ties have the stripes running downward from the wearer's right (the opposite of the European style).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (However, when Americans wear striped ties as a sign of membership, the European stripe style may be used.) In some cases, American "repp stripe" ties may simply be reverse images of British regimental ties. Striped ties are strongly associated with the <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Preppy" title="Preppy">preppy</a> style of dress. </p><p>An alternative membership tie pattern to diagonal stripes is either a single emblem or a crest centered and placed where a <a href="/wiki/Tie_pin" title="Tie pin">tie pin</a> normally would be, or a repeated pattern of such motifs. Sometimes, both types are used by an organization, either simply to offer a choice or to indicate a distinction among levels of membership. Occasionally, a hybrid design is used, in which alternating stripes of color are overlaid with repeated motif patterns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_by_women_and_girls">Use by women and girls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Use by women and girls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_school_children_at_Hnahthial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Indian_school_children_at_Hnahthial.jpg/220px-Indian_school_children_at_Hnahthial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Indian_school_children_at_Hnahthial.jpg/330px-Indian_school_children_at_Hnahthial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Indian_school_children_at_Hnahthial.jpg/440px-Indian_school_children_at_Hnahthial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4355" data-file-height="2447" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Ethnic Mizo</a> schoolgirls in <a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a>, India wearing neckties as part of the <a href="/wiki/School_uniform" title="School uniform">school uniform</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GertrudeVanWagenen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/GertrudeVanWagenen.jpg/150px-GertrudeVanWagenen.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/GertrudeVanWagenen.jpg/225px-GertrudeVanWagenen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/GertrudeVanWagenen.jpg/300px-GertrudeVanWagenen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Biologist <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Van_Wagenen" title="Gertrude Van Wagenen">Gertrude Van Wagenen</a> wearing a suit and tie</figcaption></figure> <p>Neckties are sometimes part of <a href="/wiki/Uniform" title="Uniform">uniforms</a> worn by women, which nowadays might be required in professions such as in the restaurant industry or in police forces. In many countries, girls are nowadays required to wear ties as part of primary and secondary <a href="/wiki/School_uniform" title="School uniform">school uniforms</a>. </p><p>Ties may also be used by women as a fashion statement. During the late 1970s and 1980s, it was not uncommon for young women in the United States to wear ties as part of a casual outfit.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This trend was popularized by <a href="/wiki/Diane_Keaton" title="Diane Keaton">Diane Keaton</a>, who wore a tie as the titular character in the 1977 film <i><a href="/wiki/Annie_Hall" title="Annie Hall">Annie Hall</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, neckties reappeared as prominent fashion accessories for women in both Europe and the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canadian recording artist <a href="/wiki/Avril_Lavigne" title="Avril Lavigne">Avril Lavigne</a> wore neckties with <a href="/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt" title="Sleeveless shirt">tank tops</a> early in her career. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occasions_for_neckties">Occasions for neckties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Occasions for neckties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, ties are a staple of office attire, especially for professionals. Proponents of the tie's place in the office assert that ties neatly demarcate work and leisure time.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The theory is that the physical presence of something around your neck serves as a reminder to knuckle down and focus on the job at hand. Conversely, loosening the tie after work signals that one can relax.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside of these environments, ties are usually worn especially when attending traditionally formal or professional events, including weddings, important religious ceremonies, funerals, job interviews, court appearances, and fine dining.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposition_to_neckties">Opposition to neckties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Opposition to neckties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_denominations_teaching_plain_dress">Christian denominations teaching plain dress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Christian denominations teaching plain dress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among many <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a> teaching the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">plain dress</a>, long neckties are not worn by men; this includes many <a href="/wiki/Anabaptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptist</a> communities (such as the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Mennonites" title="Conservative Mennonites">Conservative Mennonite</a> churches), <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends" title="Conservative Friends">traditional Quakers</a> (who view neckties as contravening their <a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_simplicity" title="Testimony of simplicity">testimony of simplicity</a>), and some <a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">holiness denominations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott2008_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kraus2001_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraus2001-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holmes2013_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmes2013-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jones1974_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones1974-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Black2003_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black2003-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kalvelage1993_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalvelage1993-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Melton1978_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melton1978-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Mennonite" title="Reformed Mennonite">Reformed Mennonites</a>, among some other Anabaptist communities, reject the long necktie, the wearing of the <a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">bow tie</a> is customary.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott2008_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott2008-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-necktie_sentiment">Anti-necktie sentiment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Anti-necktie sentiment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:339px;max-width:339px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexis_Tsipras_in_Moscow_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Alexis_Tsipras_in_Moscow_2.jpg/170px-Alexis_Tsipras_in_Moscow_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Alexis_Tsipras_in_Moscow_2.jpg/255px-Alexis_Tsipras_in_Moscow_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Alexis_Tsipras_in_Moscow_2.jpg/340px-Alexis_Tsipras_in_Moscow_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="532" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:163px;max-width:163px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ab%C5%AB_l-Hasan_Ban%C4%ABsadr_IMG_2044_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ab%C5%AB_l-Hasan_Ban%C4%ABsadr_IMG_2044_edit.jpg/161px-Ab%C5%AB_l-Hasan_Ban%C4%ABsadr_IMG_2044_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ab%C5%AB_l-Hasan_Ban%C4%ABsadr_IMG_2044_edit.jpg/242px-Ab%C5%AB_l-Hasan_Ban%C4%ABsadr_IMG_2044_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ab%C5%AB_l-Hasan_Ban%C4%ABsadr_IMG_2044_edit.jpg/322px-Ab%C5%AB_l-Hasan_Ban%C4%ABsadr_IMG_2044_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2294" data-file-height="3339" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Tsipras" title="Alexis Tsipras">Alexis Tsipras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abolhassan_Banisadr" title="Abolhassan Banisadr">Abolhassan Banisadr</a>, two male politicians who typically do not wear ties.</div></div></div></div> <p>In the early 20th century, the number of office workers began increasing. Many such men and women were required to wear neckties because it was perceived as improving work attitudes, morale, and sales. Removing the necktie as a social and sartorial business requirement (and sometimes forbidding it) is a modern trend often attributed to the rise of popular culture. Although it was common as everyday wear as late as 1966, over the years 1967–69, the necktie fell out of fashion almost everywhere, except where required. There was a resurgence in the 1980s, but in the 1990s, ties again fell out of favor, with many technology-based companies having casual dress requirements, including <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genentech" title="Genentech">Genentech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monsanto" title="Monsanto">Monsanto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In western business culture, a phenomenon known as <a href="/wiki/Casual_Friday" title="Casual Friday">Casual Friday</a> has arisen, in which employees are not required to wear ties on Fridays, and then—increasingly—on other, announced, special days. Some businesses have extended casual dress days to Thursday, and even Wednesday; others require neckties only on Monday (to start the workweek). At the furniture company <a href="/wiki/IKEA" title="IKEA">IKEA</a>, neckties are not allowed.<sup id="cite_ref-KillelaMirror2016_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KillelaMirror2016-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An example of anti-necktie sentiment is found in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, where the government of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Republic">Islamic Republic</a> considers neckties to be "decadent, un-Islamic and viewed as "symbols of the Cross" and the oppressive West."<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Iranian men in Iran have retained the Western-style long-sleeved collared shirt and <a href="/wiki/Three-piece_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Three-piece suit">three-piece suit</a>, while excluding the necktie. While ties are viewed as "highly politicised clothing" in Iran, some Iranian men continue to wear them, as do many Westerners who visit the country.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neckties are viewed by various sub- and counter-culture movements as being a symbol of submission and slavery (i.e., having a symbolic chain around one's neck) to the corrupt elite of society, as a "<a href="/wiki/Wage_slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Wage slave">wage slave</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For 60 years, designers and manufacturers of neckties in the United States were members of the <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Dress_Furnishings_Association" title="Men's Dress Furnishings Association">Men's Dress Furnishings Association</a> but the trade group shut down in 2008 as a result of declining membership due to the declining numbers of men wearing neckties.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998 Dutch royal consort <a href="/wiki/Prince_Claus_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Claus of the Netherlands">Prince Claus</a> removed his tie at a public event, calling on the <a href="/wiki/Workers_of_the_world,_unite!" title="Workers of the world, unite!">"tie-wearers of all countries" to unite</a> and cast off the oppression of the tie.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incident gained a lot of media attention.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, US presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yang" title="Andrew Yang">Andrew Yang</a> drew attention when he appeared on televised <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">presidential debates</a> without a tie.<sup id="cite_ref-newyorker_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yang dismissed media questions about it, saying that voters should be focused on more important issues.<sup id="cite_ref-rcp_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rcp-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> <a href="/wiki/Rawiri_Waititi" title="Rawiri Waititi">Rawiri Waititi</a> has been vocal in his opposition to neckties, calling them a "colonial noose". In February 2021, he was ejected from Parliament for refusing to wear a tie,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> drawing attention and parliamentary debate, which ultimately resulted in the requirement being dropped from NZ parliament's <i>appropriate business attire</i> requirements for males.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a>, founder of Virgin Group, believes ties are a symbol of oppression and slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_and_safety_hazards">Health and safety hazards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Health and safety hazards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HECOX,_C.W._INSTRUCTOR_IN_MACHINE_SHOP,_D.C._PUBLIC_SCHOOLS._SUPERVISING_MFR._OF_PRACTICE_SHELLS_FOR_NAVY,_AT_McKINLEY_TRAINING_SCHOOL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/HECOX%2C_C.W._INSTRUCTOR_IN_MACHINE_SHOP%2C_D.C._PUBLIC_SCHOOLS._SUPERVISING_MFR._OF_PRACTICE_SHELLS_FOR_NAVY%2C_AT_McKINLEY_TRAINING_SCHOOL.jpg/220px-HECOX%2C_C.W._INSTRUCTOR_IN_MACHINE_SHOP%2C_D.C._PUBLIC_SCHOOLS._SUPERVISING_MFR._OF_PRACTICE_SHELLS_FOR_NAVY%2C_AT_McKINLEY_TRAINING_SCHOOL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/HECOX%2C_C.W._INSTRUCTOR_IN_MACHINE_SHOP%2C_D.C._PUBLIC_SCHOOLS._SUPERVISING_MFR._OF_PRACTICE_SHELLS_FOR_NAVY%2C_AT_McKINLEY_TRAINING_SCHOOL.jpg/330px-HECOX%2C_C.W._INSTRUCTOR_IN_MACHINE_SHOP%2C_D.C._PUBLIC_SCHOOLS._SUPERVISING_MFR._OF_PRACTICE_SHELLS_FOR_NAVY%2C_AT_McKINLEY_TRAINING_SCHOOL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/HECOX%2C_C.W._INSTRUCTOR_IN_MACHINE_SHOP%2C_D.C._PUBLIC_SCHOOLS._SUPERVISING_MFR._OF_PRACTICE_SHELLS_FOR_NAVY%2C_AT_McKINLEY_TRAINING_SCHOOL.jpg/440px-HECOX%2C_C.W._INSTRUCTOR_IN_MACHINE_SHOP%2C_D.C._PUBLIC_SCHOOLS._SUPERVISING_MFR._OF_PRACTICE_SHELLS_FOR_NAVY%2C_AT_McKINLEY_TRAINING_SCHOOL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3061" data-file-height="2246" /></a><figcaption>A trainee <a href="/wiki/Machinist" title="Machinist">machinist</a> and his supervisor wear neckties while at work in a <a href="/wiki/Machine_shop" title="Machine shop">machine shop</a> in 1917</figcaption></figure> <p>Necktie wearing presents some risks for entanglement, infection, and <a href="/wiki/Vasoconstriction" title="Vasoconstriction">vasoconstriction</a>. A 2018 study published in the medical journal <i>Neuroradiology</i> found that a <a href="/wiki/Windsor_knot" title="Windsor knot">Windsor knot</a> tightened to the point of "slight discomfort" could interrupt as much as 7.5% of cerebral blood flow.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2013 study published in the <i><a href="/wiki/British_Journal_of_Ophthalmology" title="British Journal of Ophthalmology">British Journal of Ophthalmology</a></i> found increased intraocular pressure in such cases, which can aggravate the condition of people with weakened retinas.<sup id="cite_ref-Teng_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teng-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There may be additional risks for people with <a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">glaucoma</a>. </p><p>Entanglement is a risk when working with machinery or in dangerous, possibly violent, jobs such as police officers and prison guards, and certain medical fields.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paramedics performing <a href="/wiki/Basic_life_support" title="Basic life support">life support</a> remove an injured man's necktie as a first step to ensure it does not block his airway. Neckties might also be a health risk for persons other than the wearer. They are believed to be vectors of disease transmission in hospitals. Notwithstanding such fears, many doctors and dentists wear neckties for a professional image. Hospitals take seriously the cross-infection of patients by doctors wearing infected neckties,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because neckties are less frequently cleaned than most other clothes. On September 17, 2007, British hospitals published rules banning neckties.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In such a context, some instead prefer to use bow ties due to their short length and relative lack of hindrance. </p><p>Police officers, traffic wardens, and security guards in the UK wear clip-on ties which instantly unclip when pulled to prevent any risk of strangulation during a confrontation. They are part of the National Framework Contract for the police uniform.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/32px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/48px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/64px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="490" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fashion" title="Portal:Fashion">Fashion portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascot_tie" title="Ascot tie">Ascot tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">Bolo tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">Bow tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cravat_(early)" title="Cravat (early)">Cravat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion" title="History of Western fashion">History of Western fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Claus_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prince Claus of the Netherlands">Prince Claus of the Netherlands</a> and the "Declaration of the Tie"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knit_tie" title="Knit tie">Knit tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_tie" title="School tie">School tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_chain" title="Tie chain">Tie chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_clip" title="Tie clip">Tie clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_press" title="Tie press">Tie press</a>, a device used to combat creasing in ties without heat-related damage.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAgins2012" class="citation web cs1">Agins, Teri (August 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444405804577561292978777290">"When Is it Time to Loosen the Tie?"</a>. Wall Street Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=When+Is+it+Time+to+Loosen+the+Tie%3F&rft.pub=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.aulast=Agins&rft.aufirst=Teri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10000872396390444405804577561292978777290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-r1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tie-a-tie.net/the-evolution-of-the-necktie/">"The Evolution of the Necktie"</a>. tie-a-tie.net. August 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+the+Necktie&rft.pub=tie-a-tie.net&rft.date=2013-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tie-a-tie.net%2Fthe-evolution-of-the-necktie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120215202724/http://academia-cravatica.hr/interesting-facts/history">"Academia Cravatica"</a>. Academia-cravatica.hr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academia-cravatica.hr/interesting-facts/history/">the original</a> on February 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academia+Cravatica&rft.pub=Academia-cravatica.hr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facademia-cravatica.hr%2Finteresting-facts%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academia-cravatica.hr/news/detaljnije/18th_october_the_cravat_day/">18TH OCTOBER – THE CRAVAT DAY!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130730074434/http://academia-cravatica.hr/news/detaljnije/18th_october_the_cravat_day/">Archived</a> July 30, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Academia-cravatica.hr (October 18, 2003). Retrieved on 2013-08-08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenoune1993" class="citation book cs1">Chenoune, Farid (1993). <i>A History of Men's Fashion</i>. Paris: Flammarion. pp. <span class="nowrap">37–</span>40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-08-013536-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-08-013536-0"><bdi>978-2-08-013536-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Men%27s+Fashion&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E37-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-2-08-013536-0&rft.aulast=Chenoune&rft.aufirst=Farid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heritagesearch.oxfordshire.gov.uk/records/B22">"RECORDS OF CASTELL & SON, TAILORS & ROBE MAKERS, OXFORD, c.1868-1967"</a>. <i>Oxfordshire County Council</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxfordshire+County+Council&rft.atitle=RECORDS+OF+CASTELL+%26+SON%2C+TAILORS+%26+ROBE+MAKERS%2C+OXFORD%2C+c.1868-1967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheritagesearch.oxfordshire.gov.uk%2Frecords%2FB22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/galleries/presidential-portraits">"Presidential Portraits"</a>. <i>WHHA (en-US)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Langsdorf, 1923, Necktie, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US1448453">US patent 1448453</a></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=1448453&rft.cc=US&rft.title="><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2002" class="citation book cs1">Gallagher, Nancy (2002). <i>Delta's key to the TOEFL® test basic course</i>. McHenry, IL: Delta Pub. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=After+Years+of+Being+Out%2C+the+Necktie+Is+In&rft.date=2007-10-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Colman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F10%2F11%2Ffashion%2F11CODES.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGemma1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gemma, Pierre (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kDRXY40OAGEC&pg=PA88"><i>Da quando? Le origini degli oggetti della vita quotidiana</i></a> (in Italian). 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Lee (January 2, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20111231/ISSUE03/312319991/in-a-bind-about-tie-widths-skinny-is-in-but-anything-goes">"In a bind about tie widths? Skinny is in, but anything goes"</a>. Crain's Chicago Business.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+a+bind+about+tie+widths%3F+Skinny+is+in%2C+but+anything+goes&rft.pub=Crain%27s+Chicago+Business&rft.date=2012-01-02&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=H.+Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagobusiness.com%2Farticle%2F20111231%2FISSUE03%2F312319991%2Fin-a-bind-about-tie-widths-skinny-is-in-but-anything-goes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPareles2005" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Pareles" title="Jon Pareles">Pareles, Jon</a> (April 5, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/15/arts/music/15dura.html?scp=10&sq=%22hungry%20like%20the%20wolf%22%20&st=cse">"Nostalgia for the Skinny Tie as Duran Duran Returns"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Nostalgia+for+the+Skinny+Tie+as+Duran+Duran+Returns&rft.date=2005-04-05&rft.aulast=Pareles&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F04%2F15%2Farts%2Fmusic%2F15dura.html%3Fscp%3D10%26sq%3D%2522hungry%2520like%2520the%2520wolf%2522%2520%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Waehner, Johann (1875) <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US170651">U.S. patent 170,651</a></span> "Improvement in neck-tie fasteners" (hook-type of clip-on)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120606005445/http://www.caes.uga.edu/publications/pubDetail.cfm?pk_ID=7337">"Agricultural Safety: Preventing Injuries"</a>. <i>caes.uga.edu</i>. University of Georgia College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences. May 25, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caes.uga.edu/publications/pubDetail.cfm?pk_ID=7337">the original</a> on June 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=caes.uga.edu&rft.atitle=Agricultural+Safety%3A+Preventing+Injuries&rft.date=2012-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caes.uga.edu%2Fpublications%2FpubDetail.cfm%3Fpk_ID%3D7337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p2-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p2_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobowitz, Mayer (1896) <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US569498">U.S. patent 569,498</a></span> "Necktie" (band-toe attachment)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google.sc-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-google.sc_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-google.sc_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Less, Joseph W (1957) <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US2804627">U.S. patent 2,804,627</a></span> "Pre-tied neckties and methods for making the same".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b1_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b1_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClinton_County_Historical_Society2003" class="citation book cs1">Clinton County Historical Society (January 1, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I2UhU0SxKH4C&pg=PA117%257CDATE=2003%257CPUBLISHER=ARCADIA"><i>Clinton, Iowa</i></a>. Arcadia Publishing. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-2349-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-2349-1"><bdi>978-0-7385-2349-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clinton%2C+Iowa&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7385-2349-1&rft.au=Clinton+County+Historical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI2UhU0SxKH4C%26pg%3DPA117%25257CDATE%3D2003%25257CPUBLISHER%3DARCADIA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85ways-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85ways_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkYong_Mao2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fink" title="Thomas Fink">Fink, Thomas</a>; Yong Mao (November 5, 2001) [October 3, 2000]. <i>The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie: the science and aesthetics of tie knots</i> (1st Paperback ed.). <a href="/wiki/New_York,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, NY">New York, NY</a>: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84115-568-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84115-568-3"><bdi>1-84115-568-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+85+Ways+to+Tie+a+Tie%3A+the+science+and+aesthetics+of+tie+knots&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=1st+Paperback&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2001-11-05&rft.isbn=1-84115-568-3&rft.aulast=Fink&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Yong+Mao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Club_tie-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Club_tie_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Club_tie_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040612071708/http://www.forbes.com/collecting/2004/05/26/cx_ns_0526feat.html">"The Finest Neckties"</a>. Forbes. November 26, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/collecting/2004/05/26/cx_ns_0526feat.html">the original</a> on June 12, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Finest+Neckties&rft.date=2016-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fcollecting%2F2004%2F05%2F26%2Fcx_ns_0526feat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoetzel1999" class="citation book cs1">Roetzel, Bernhard (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gentlemantimeles00bern/page/72"><i>Gentleman: a timeless fashion</i></a>. Könemann. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gentlemantimeles00bern/page/72">72</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8290-2029-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-8290-2029-5"><bdi>3-8290-2029-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gentleman%3A+a+timeless+fashion&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=K%C3%B6nemann&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=3-8290-2029-5&rft.aulast=Roetzel&rft.aufirst=Bernhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgentlemantimeles00bern%2Fpage%2F72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dickinson, Rachel J. (June 18, 2004). "Ties have a history of hanging around." <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cincinnati_Post" title="The Cincinnati Post">The Cincinnati Post</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSagert2007" class="citation book cs1">Sagert, Kelly Boyer (2007). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/s00sage"><i>The 1970s</i></a></span>. Greenwood. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/s00sage/page/n121">101</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33919-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33919-6"><bdi>978-0-313-33919-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+1970s&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33919-6&rft.aulast=Sagert&rft.aufirst=Kelly+Boyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fs00sage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2008" class="citation book cs1">Peterson, Amy T. (2008). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greenwoodencyclo00pete"><i>The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing Through American History 1900 to the present</i></a></span>. Greenwood Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greenwoodencyclo00pete/page/n380">360</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33395-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33395-8"><bdi>978-0-313-33395-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greenwood+Encyclopedia+of+Clothing+Through+American+History+1900+to+the+present&rft.pages=360&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33395-8&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Amy+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreenwoodencyclo00pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Calender." Seventeen Nov. 2002: 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPendergastTom_PendergastSarah_Hermsen2004" class="citation book cs1">Pendergast, Sara; Tom Pendergast; Sarah Hermsen (2004). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fashioncostumecu0000pend"><i>Fashion, Costume, and Culture. Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear Through the Ages</i></a></span>. Detroit: UXL. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fashioncostumecu0000pend/page/n353">950</a>–951. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7876-5422-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7876-5422-1"><bdi>0-7876-5422-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fashion%2C+Costume%2C+and+Culture.+Clothing%2C+Headwear%2C+Body+Decorations%2C+and+Footwear+Through+the+Ages&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pages=950-951&rft.pub=UXL&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7876-5422-1&rft.aulast=Pendergast&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft.au=Tom+Pendergast&rft.au=Sarah+Hermsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffashioncostumecu0000pend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkham1999" class="citation book cs1">Kirkham, Pat (1999). <i>The Gendered Object</i> (2nd ed.). Manchester University Press. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-4475-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-4475-8"><bdi>0-7190-4475-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gendered+Object&rft.pages=164&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7190-4475-8&rft.aulast=Kirkham&rft.aufirst=Pat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/fashion-and-style/11895730/Why-every-man-should-wear-a-tie-to-work.html">"Why every man should wear a tie to work"</a></span>. <i>Telegraph.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/fashion-and-style/11895730/Why-every-man-should-wear-a-tie-to-work.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Why+every+man+should+wear+a+tie+to+work&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fmen%2Ffashion-and-style%2F11895730%2FWhy-every-man-should-wear-a-tie-to-work.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224024952/https://cufflinks.sg/should-i-wear-a-tie/">"Should I Wear A Tie? | Eminence Cufflinks"</a>. <i>Eminence Cufflinks</i>. May 15, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cufflinks.sg/should-i-wear-a-tie/">the original</a> on February 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eminence+Cufflinks&rft.atitle=Should+I+Wear+A+Tie%3F+%7C+Eminence+Cufflinks&rft.date=2016-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcufflinks.sg%2Fshould-i-wear-a-tie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scott2008-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scott2008_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scott2008_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2008" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Stephen (2008). <i>Why Do They Dress That Way?: People's Place Book</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+male+MPs+no+longer+have+to+wear+ties+after+M%C4%81ori+MP+ejected&rft.date=2021-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Ffeb%2F11%2Fnew-zealand-male-mps-no-longer-have-to-wear-ties-after-maori-mp-ejected&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-03-07/why-richard-branson-wont-wear-a-tie">"Why Richard Branson Won't Wear a Tie"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+Richard+Branson+Won%27t+Wear+a+Tie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2012-03-07%2Fwhy-richard-branson-wont-wear-a-tie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCameron2018" class="citation web cs1">Cameron, Christopher (July 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2018/07/23/wearing-a-tie-is-making-you-stupid-and-sick/">"The war against neckties is heating up"</a>. <i>New York Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=The+war+against+neckties+is+heating+up&rft.date=2018-07-23&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2018%2F07%2F23%2Fwearing-a-tie-is-making-you-stupid-and-sick%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLüddeckeLindnerForstenpointnerBaron2018" class="citation journal cs1">Lüddecke, Robin; Lindner, Thomas; Forstenpointner, Julia; Baron, Ralf; Jansen, Olav; Gierthmühlen, Janne (June 30, 2018). "Should you stop wearing neckties?—wearing a tight necktie reduces cerebral blood flow". <i>Neuroradiology</i>. <b>60</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">861–</span>64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00234-018-2048-7">10.1007/s00234-018-2048-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29961088">29961088</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:49543949">49543949</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroradiology&rft.atitle=Should+you+stop+wearing+neckties%3F%E2%80%94wearing+a+tight+necktie+reduces+cerebral+blood+flow&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E861-%3C%2Fspan%3E64&rft.date=2018-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A49543949%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29961088&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00234-018-2048-7&rft.aulast=L%C3%BCddecke&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.au=Lindner%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Forstenpointner%2C+Julia&rft.au=Baron%2C+Ralf&rft.au=Jansen%2C+Olav&rft.au=Gierthm%C3%BChlen%2C+Janne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Teng-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Teng_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTengR_Gurses-OzdenJ_M_LiebmannC_Tello2003" class="citation journal cs1">Teng, C; R Gurses-Ozden; J M Liebmann; C Tello; R Ritch (August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bjo.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/87/8/946">"Effect of a tight necktie on intraocular pressure"</a>. <i>British Journal of Ophthalmology</i>. <b>87</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">946–</span>948. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbjo.87.8.946">10.1136/bjo.87.8.946</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1771792">1771792</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12881330">12881330</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Ophthalmology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+a+tight+necktie+on+intraocular+pressure&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E946-%3C%2Fspan%3E948&rft.date=2003-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1771792%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12881330&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbjo.87.8.946&rft.aulast=Teng&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=R+Gurses-Ozden&rft.au=J+M+Liebmann&rft.au=C+Tello&rft.au=R+Ritch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbjo.bmjjournals.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F87%2F8%2F946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhn1999" class="citation journal cs1">Kuhn, W. (January 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060530080044/http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1999/01_99/kuhn.htm">"Violence in the emergency department: Managing aggressive patients in a high-stress environment"</a>. <i>Postgraduate Medicine</i>. <b>105</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">143–</span>148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3810%2Fpgm.1999.01.504">10.3810/pgm.1999.01.504</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9924500">9924500</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1999/01_99/kuhn.htm">the original</a> on May 30, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postgraduate+Medicine&rft.atitle=Violence+in+the+emergency+department%3A+Managing+aggressive+patients+in+a+high-stress+environment&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E143-%3C%2Fspan%3E148&rft.date=1999-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3810%2Fpgm.1999.01.504&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9924500&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.postgradmed.com%2Fissues%2F1999%2F01_99%2Fkuhn.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNurkinCarl_UrbanEd_ManginiNorielle_Mariano2004" class="citation conference cs1">Nurkin, Steven; Carl Urban; Ed Mangini; Norielle Mariano; Louise Grenner; James Maurer; Edmond Sabo; James Rahal (May 2004). "Is the Clinicians' Necktie a Potential Fomite for Hospital Acquired Infections?". <i>Paper presented at the 104th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology May 23–27, 2004, New Orleans, Louisiana</i>. p. 204.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Is+the+Clinicians%27+Necktie+a+Potential+Fomite+for+Hospital+Acquired+Infections%3F&rft.btitle=Paper+presented+at+the+104th+General+Meeting+of+the+American+Society+for+Microbiology+May+23%E2%80%9327%2C+2004%2C+New+Orleans%2C+Louisiana&rft.pages=204&rft.date=2004-05&rft.aulast=Nurkin&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Carl+Urban&rft.au=Ed+Mangini&rft.au=Norielle+Mariano&rft.au=Louise+Grenner&rft.au=James+Maurer&rft.au=Edmond+Sabo&rft.au=James+Rahal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSatterLindsey_Tanner2007" class="citation web cs1">Satter, Raphael; Lindsey Tanner (September 17, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artvictus.com/uk-hospitals-issue-doctors-dress-code">"U.K. Hospitals Issue Doctors' Dress Code"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.K.+Hospitals+Issue+Doctors%27+Dress+Code&rft.date=2007-09-17&rft.aulast=Satter&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft.au=Lindsey+Tanner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artvictus.com%2Fuk-hospitals-issue-doctors-dress-code&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaille1994" class="citation book cs1">Chaille, François (1994). <i>La grande histoire de la cravate</i>. Paris: Flammarion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-08-201851-2" title="Special:BookSources/2-08-201851-2"><bdi>2-08-201851-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+grande+histoire+de+la+cravate&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=2-08-201851-2&rft.aulast=Chaille&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyerSpark1987" class="citation book cs1">Dyer, Rod; Spark, Ron (1987). <i>Fit to be Tied: Vintage ties of the Forties and Early Fifties</i>. photography by Steve Sakai (1st ed.). New York: Abbeville Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89659-756-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-89659-756-3"><bdi>0-89659-756-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fit+to+be+Tied%3A+Vintage+ties+of+the+Forties+and+Early+Fifties&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Abbeville+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-89659-756-3&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.aufirst=Rod&rft.au=Spark%2C+Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeers1987" class="citation book cs1">Keers, Paul (1987). <i>A Gentleman's Wardrobe: Classic Clothes and the Modern Man</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-79191-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-79191-1"><bdi>978-0-297-79191-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Gentleman%27s+Wardrobe%3A+Classic+Clothes+and+the+Modern+Man&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-297-79191-1&rft.aulast=Keers&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANecktie" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Necktie&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/How_To_Tie_A_Tie" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:How To Tie A Tie">How To Tie A Tie</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/necktie" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/necktie">necktie</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Necktie_knots38" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Necktie_knots" title="Template:Necktie knots"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Necktie_knots" title="Template talk:Necktie knots"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Necktie_knots" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Necktie knots"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Necktie_knots38" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Necktie</a> knots</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Necktie knots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four-in-hand_knot" title="Four-in-hand knot">Four-in-hand knot</a> (simple or schoolboy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantchester_knot" title="Grantchester knot">Grantchester knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-Windsor_knot" title="Half-Windsor knot">Half-Windsor knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratt_knot" title="Pratt knot">Pratt knot</a> (Shelby)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_knot" title="Small knot">Small knot</a> (Oriental or Kent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_knot" title="Windsor knot">Windsor knot</a> (full Windsor)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_85_Ways_to_Tie_a_Tie" title="The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie">The 85 Ways to Tie a Tie</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Clothing687" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clothing" title="Template:Clothing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clothing" title="Template talk:Clothing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Clothing687" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">Clothing</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_technology" title="Clothing technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_terminology" title="Clothing terminology">Terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Headgear" title="Headgear">Headwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beret" title="Beret">Beret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap" title="Cap">Cap</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_cap" title="Flat cap">flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knit_cap" title="Knit cap">knit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat" title="Hat">Hat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boater" title="Boater">boater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">bowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedora" title="Fedora">fedora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homburg_hat" title="Homburg hat">homburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_hat" title="Top hat">top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet" title="Helmet">Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(headgear)" title="Hood (headgear)">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerchief" title="Kerchief">Kerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mask" title="Mask">Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">Turban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veil" title="Veil">Veil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neckwear" class="mw-redirect" title="Neckwear">Neckwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)" title="Bands (neckwear)">Bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choker" title="Choker">Choker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_(clothing)" title="Collar (clothing)">Collar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_collar" title="Clerical collar">Clerical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pussy_bow" title="Pussy bow">Lavallière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neckerchief" title="Neckerchief">Neckerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_gaiter" title="Neck gaiter">Neck gaiter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Necktie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascot_tie" title="Ascot tie">ascot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipper_tie" title="Kipper tie">kipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_tie" title="School tie">school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_tie" title="Stock tie">stock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarf" title="Scarf">Scarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tippet" title="Tippet">Tippet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwear" title="Underwear">Underwear</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Lingerie" title="Lingerie">lingerie</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bra" title="Bra">Bra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camisole" title="Camisole">Camisole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undershirt" title="Undershirt">Undershirt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diaper" title="Diaper">Diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_pants" title="Training pants">Training pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leggings" title="Leggings">Leggings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panties" title="Panties">Panties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pants" title="Plastic pants">Plastic pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_(clothing)" title="Slip (clothing)">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thong" title="Thong">Thong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underpants" title="Underpants">Underpants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_briefs" title="Boxer briefs">boxer briefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_shorts" title="Boxer shorts">boxer shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briefs" title="Briefs">briefs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodysuit" title="Bodysuit">Bodysuit, adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_bodysuit" title="Infant bodysuit">Bodysuit, infant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_underwear" title="Long underwear">Long underwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/See-through_clothing" title="See-through clothing">See-through</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_(garment)" title="Teddy (garment)">Teddy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Top_(clothing)" title="Top (clothing)">Tops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blouse" title="Blouse">Blouse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur" title="Cache-cœur">cache-cœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_top" title="Crop top">crop top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halterneck" title="Halterneck">halterneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_top" title="Tube top">tube top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_jersey" title="Cycling jersey">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurta" title="Kurta">Kurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)" title="Mantle (clothing)">Mantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirt" title="Shirt">Shirt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_shirt" title="Dress shirt">dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_shirt" title="Henley shirt">Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_shirt" title="Polo shirt">polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt" title="Sleeveless shirt">sleeveless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_neck" title="Crew neck">crew neck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater" title="Sweater">Sweater</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)" title="Cardigan (sweater)">cardigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)" title="Guernsey (clothing)">guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodie" title="Hoodie">hoodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey (clothing)">jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_neck" title="Polo neck">polo neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)" title="Shrug (clothing)">shrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater_vest" title="Sweater vest">sweater vest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twinset" title="Twinset">twinset</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waistcoat" title="Waistcoat">Waistcoat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">Trousers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell-bottoms" title="Bell-bottoms">Bell-bottoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondage_pants" title="Bondage pants">Bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capri_pants" title="Capri pants">Capri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_pants" title="Cargo pants">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaps" title="Chaps">Chaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_trousers" title="Formal trousers">Formal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-to-hell_pants" title="Go-to-hell pants">Go-to-hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)" title="High-rise (fashion)">High water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)" title="Low-rise (fashion)">Lowrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">Jeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpurs" title="Jodhpurs">Jodhpurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overalls" title="Overalls">Overalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_pants" title="Palazzo pants">Palazzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachute_pants" title="Parachute pants">Parachute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_pushers" title="Pedal pushers">Pedal pushers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phat_pants" title="Phat pants">Phat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorts" title="Shorts">Shorts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_shorts" title="Bermuda shorts">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_shorts" title="Cycling shorts">cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_shorts" title="Dolphin shorts">dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gym_shorts" title="Gym shorts">gym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotpants" title="Hotpants">hotpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_shorts" title="Running shorts">running</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slim-fit_pants" title="Slim-fit pants">Slim-fit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweatpants" title="Sweatpants">Sweatpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windpants" class="mw-redirect" title="Windpants">Windpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skirt" title="Skirt">Skirts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-line_(clothing)" title="A-line (clothing)">A-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballerina_skirt" title="Ballerina skirt">Ballerina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denim_skirt" title="Denim skirt">Denim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_skirts" title="Men's skirts">Men's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniskirt" title="Miniskirt">Miniskirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencil_skirt" title="Pencil skirt">Pencil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_skirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie skirt">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt" title="Rah-rah skirt">Rah-rah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">Sarong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skort" title="Skort">Skort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)" title="Tutu (clothing)">Tutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_(clothing)" title="Wrap (clothing)">Wrap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full-Body<br />Wear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suits</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Uniform" title="Uniform">uniforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dress" title="Ceremonial dress">Ceremonial dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dress" title="Academic dress">academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_dress" title="Court dress">court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform" title="Diplomatic uniform">diplomatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpuri" title="Jodhpuri">Jodhpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumpsuit" title="Jumpsuit">Jumpsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full_dress_uniform" title="Full dress uniform">full</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform" title="Mess dress uniform">mess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_dress_uniform" title="Service dress uniform">service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_suit" title="Sailor suit">sailor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_uniform" title="Combat uniform">combat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miner%27s_habit" title="Miner's habit">Miner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsuit" title="Pantsuit">Pantsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_uniform" title="Political uniform">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_clothing" title="Religious clothing">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">cassock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_clothing" title="Clerical clothing">clerical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">vestment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_uniform" title="School uniform">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_uniform" title="Prison uniform">Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workwear" title="Workwear">Workwear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boilersuit" title="Boilersuit">boilersuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanroom_suit" title="Cleanroom suit">cleanroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazmat_suit" title="Hazmat suit">hazmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_suit" title="Space suit">space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrubs_(clothing)" title="Scrubs (clothing)">scrubs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">Dresses</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Gown" title="Gown">gowns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formal, semi-<br />formal, informal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backless_dress" title="Backless dress">Backless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouffant_gown" title="Bouffant gown">Bouffant gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatdress" title="Coatdress">Coatdress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_black_dress" title="Little black dress">little black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">ball gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debutante_dress" title="Debutante dress">debutante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_dress" title="Prairie dress">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_line" title="Princess line">Princess line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapless_dress" title="Strapless dress">Strapless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_dress" title="Wrap dress">Wrap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Casual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_dress" title="House dress">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumper_(dress)" title="Jumper (dress)">Jumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romper_suit" title="Romper suit">Romper suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheath_dress" title="Sheath dress">Sheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirtdress" title="Shirtdress">Shirtdress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_dress" title="Slip dress">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundress" title="Sundress">Sundress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coat" title="Coat">Coats</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_outerwear" title="List of outerwear">outerwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Overcoats23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overcoat" title="Overcoat">Overcoats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_coat" title="Car coat">Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_coat" title="Chesterfield coat">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covert_coat" title="Covert coat">Covert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffel_coat" title="Duffel coat">Duffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duster_(clothing)" title="Duster (clothing)">Duster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatcoat" title="Greatcoat">Greatcoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Warm" title="British Warm">British Warm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Coat" title="Guards Coat">Guards Coat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greca_(clothing)" title="Greca (clothing)">Greca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-frock_coat" title="Over-frock coat">Over-frock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_coat" title="Riding coat">Riding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadbelly" title="Shadbelly">shadbelly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_coat" title="Trench coat">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_coat" title="Ulster coat">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloak" title="Cloak">Cloak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opera_cloak" title="Opera cloak">opera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paletot" title="Paletot">Paletot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pea_coat" title="Pea coat">Pea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_coat" title="Polo coat">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raincoat" title="Raincoat">Raincoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackintosh" title="Mackintosh">Mackintosh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suit coats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frock_coat" title="Frock coat">Frock coat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bekishe" title="Bekishe">bekishe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekel" title="Rekel">rekel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_jacket" title="Mess jacket">Mess jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_jacket" title="Suit jacket">Suit jacket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blazer" title="Blazer">Blazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_jacket" title="Smoking jacket">smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_coat" title="Sport coat">sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teba_jacket" title="Teba jacket">Teba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailcoat" title="Tailcoat">Tailcoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_tie#Dress_coat" title="White tie">dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress#Morning_coat" title="Morning dress">morning</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apron" title="Apron">Apron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinafore" title="Pinafore">pinafore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blouson" title="Blouson">Blouson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagoule" title="Cagoule">Cagoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape" title="Cape">Cape</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferraiolo" title="Ferraiolo">ferraiolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_cape" title="Inverness cape">Inverness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)" title="Mantle (clothing)">Mantle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)" title="Mantle (monastic vesture)">monastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)" title="Mantle (royal garment)">royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozzetta" title="Mozzetta">mozzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellegrina" title="Pellegrina">pellegrina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatee" title="Coatee">Coatee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut-off" title="Cut-off">Cut-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilet" title="Gilet">Gilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacket" title="Jacket">Jacket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Down_jacket" title="Down jacket">down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_jacket" title="Flight jacket">flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goggle_jacket" title="Goggle jacket">goggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington_jacket" title="Harrington jacket">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leather_jacket" title="Leather jacket">leather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket" title="Mackinaw jacket">mackinaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_jacket" title="Norfolk jacket">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_jacket" title="Safari jacket">safari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerkin_(garment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerkin (garment)">Jerkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_coat" title="White coat">Lab coat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parka" title="Parka">Parka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poncho" title="Poncho">Poncho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robe" title="Robe">Robe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathrobe" title="Bathrobe">bathrobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressing_gown" title="Dressing gown">dressing gown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawl" title="Shawl">Shawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_suit" title="Ski suit">Ski suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeved_blanket" title="Sleeved blanket">Sleeved blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windbreaker" title="Windbreaker">Windbreaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nightwear" title="Nightwear">Nightwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babydoll" title="Babydoll">Babydoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babygrow" title="Babygrow">Babygrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_sleeper" title="Blanket sleeper">Blanket sleeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negligee" title="Negligee">Negligee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightgown" title="Nightgown">Nightgown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightshirt" title="Nightshirt">Nightshirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajamas" title="Pajamas">Pajamas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swimsuit" title="Swimsuit">Swimwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini">Bikini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkini" title="Burkini">Burkini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boardshorts" title="Boardshorts">Boardshorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_suit" title="Dry suit">Dry suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini">Monokini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit" title="One-piece swimsuit">One-piece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_guard" title="Rash guard">Rash guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_swimsuit" title="Sling swimsuit">Sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_leg_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Square leg suit">Square leg suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_briefs" title="Swim briefs">Swim briefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_diaper" title="Swim diaper">Swim diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunks_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trunks (clothing)">Trunks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetsuit" title="Wetsuit">Wetsuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hosiery" title="Hosiery">Legwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sock" title="Sock">Sock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold-ups" title="Hold-ups">Hold-ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garter" title="Garter">Garter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantyhose" title="Pantyhose">Pantyhose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stocking" title="Stocking">Stocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tights" title="Tights">Tights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Footwear" title="Footwear">Footwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boot" title="Boot">Boot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_boot" title="Dress boot">Dress boot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-flops" title="Flip-flops">Flip-flops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandal" title="Sandal">Sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe" title="Shoe">Shoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_shoe" title="Dress shoe">Dress shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_shoe" title="Court shoe">Court shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneaker">Sneaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipper" title="Slipper">Slipper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">Accessories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adornments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armband" title="Armband">Armband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_(clothing)" title="Belt (clothing)">Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re" title="Boutonnière">Boutonnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_purse" title="Coin purse">Coin purse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cufflink" title="Cufflink">Cufflink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummerbund" title="Cummerbund">Cummerbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaiters" title="Gaiters">Gaiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasses" title="Glasses">Glasses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunglasses" title="Sunglasses">Sunglasses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glove" title="Glove">Gloves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headband" title="Headband">Headband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbag" title="Handbag">Handbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inro" title="Inro">Inro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livery" title="Livery">Livery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)" title="Muff (handwarmer)">Muff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_protector" title="Pocket protector">Pocket protector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_watch" title="Pocket watch">Pocket watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sash" title="Sash">Sash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spats_(footwear)" title="Spats (footwear)">Spats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspenders" title="Suspenders">Suspenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallet" title="Wallet">Wallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-worn items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hand_fan" title="Hand fan">Hand fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrella" title="Umbrella">Umbrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_stick" title="Walking stick">Walking stick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Western31" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">morning dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">white tie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">black lounge suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_tie" title="Black tie">black tie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_casual" title="Business casual">Business casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_casual" title="Smart casual">Smart casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_fetish" title="Clothing fetish">Clothing fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_swap" title="Clothing swap">Clothing swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costume" title="Costume">Costume</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creature_suit" title="Creature suit">creature suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_costume" title="Halloween costume">Halloween costume</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion" title="Environmental impact of fashion">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">haute couture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made-to-measure" title="Made-to-measure">made-to-measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready-to-wear" title="Ready-to-wear">ready-to-wear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Fur clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_fur" title="List of types of fur">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fursuit" title="Fursuit">Fursuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing" title="Global trade of secondhand clothing">Global trade of secondhand clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laundry" title="Laundry">Laundry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country" title="Clothing laws by country">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses" title="List of individual dresses">List of individual dresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing" title="Reconstructed clothing">Reconstructed clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_clothing" title="Right to clothing">Right to clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_clothing" title="Vintage clothing">Vintage clothing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F458.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/28px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/42px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/56px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Clothing" title="Portal:Clothing">Clothing portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44416#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1776" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44416#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1776" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44416#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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