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class="vheadingv"><b>Verse</b><a href="/bsb/1_kings/10.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><span class="versiontext"><a href="/niv/1_kings/10.htm">New International Version</a></span><br />not including the revenues from merchants and traders and from all the Arabian kings and the governors of the territories.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nlt/1_kings/10.htm">New Living Translation</a></span><br />This did not include the additional revenue he received from merchants and traders, all the kings of Arabia, and the governors of the land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/1_kings/10.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />besides that which came from the explorers and from the business of the merchants, and from all the kings of the west and from the governors of the land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/1_kings/10.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />not including the revenue from the merchants, traders, and all the Arabian kings and governors of the land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/1_kings/10.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />Beside <i>that he had</i> of the merchantmen, and of the traffick of the spice merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/1_kings/10.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />besides <i>that</i> from the traveling merchants, from the income of traders, from all the kings of Arabia, and from the governors of the country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/1_kings/10.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />besides <i>that</i> from the traders, and the wares of the merchants and all the kings of the Arabs and the governors of the country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/1_kings/10.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />besides that from the traders and the wares of the merchants and all the kings of the Arabs and the governors of the country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/1_kings/10.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />besides <i>that</i> from the traders and the wares of the merchants and all the kings of the Arabs and the governors of the country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/1_kings/10.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />besides <i>that</i> from the traders and the wares of the merchants and all the kings of the Arabs and the governors of the country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/1_kings/10.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />besides <i>the taxes</i> from the traders and from the wares of the merchants, and [the tribute money] from all the kings of the Arabs (Bedouins) and the governors of the country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/1_kings/10.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />besides what came from merchants, traders’ merchandise, and all the Arabian kings and governors of the land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/1_kings/10.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />besides what came from merchants, traders&#8217 merchandise, and all the Arabian kings and governors of the land. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/1_kings/10.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />besides that which the traders brought, and the traffic of the merchants, and of all the kings of the mingled people, and of the governors of the country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/1_kings/10.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />The merchants and traders, as well as the kings of Arabia and rulers from Israel, also gave him gold. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/1_kings/10.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />beside that which the chapmen brought, and the traffic of the merchants, and of all the kings of the mingled people, and of the governors of the country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/1_kings/10.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />not counting [the gold] which came from the merchants, the traders' profits, all the Arab kings, and the governors of the country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/1_kings/10.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />in addition to the taxes paid by merchants, the profits from trade, and tribute paid by the Arabian kings and the governors of the Israelite districts. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/1_kings/10.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />not including revenue from traders, merchants, and from all the kings of Arabia and the governors of the land. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/1_kings/10.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />not including the revenue from the merchants, traders, and all the Arabian kings and governors of the land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/1_kings/10.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />besides what he collected from the merchants, traders, Arabian kings, and governors of the land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/1_kings/10.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />besides that which the traders brought, and the traffic of the merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/1_kings/10.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />Besides what he had of the merchants, and of the traffic of the spice-merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/1_kings/10.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />in addition to that which the traders brought, and the traffic of the merchants, and of all the kings of the mixed people, and of the governors of the country. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/1_kings/10.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />apart from [that of] the tourists, and of the traffic of the merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/1_kings/10.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> apart from that of the tourists, and of the traffic of the merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/1_kings/10.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />Besides from the men traveling about and from the traffic of the merchants, and all the kings of Arabia and all the prefects of the earth.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/1_kings/10.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />Besides that which the men brought him that were over the tributes, and the merchants, and they that sold by retail, and all the kings of Arabia, and the governors of the country. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/1_kings/10.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />aside from what was brought to him by the men who were over the tributes, and by the merchants, and by those selling every kind of small item, and by all the kings of Arabia, and by the rulers of the land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/1_kings/10.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />in addition to what came from the tolls on travelers, from the traffic of merchants, and from all the kings of Arabia and the governors of the country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/1_kings/10.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />besides that which came from the traders and from the business of the merchants, and from all the kings of Arabia and the governors of the land.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/1_kings/10.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />Besides that which came from the craftsmen and from the traffic of merchants and from all the kings of the Arabs and from the governors of the land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/1_kings/10.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />Apart from the men, Craftsmen and Merchants who trade, and all the Kings of the Arabians and Rulers of the Earth.<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/1_kings/10.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />beside that which came of the merchants, and of the traffic of the traders, and of all the kings of the mingled people and of the governors of the country.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/1_kings/10.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />Besides the tributes of them that were subjects, both merchants and all the kings of the <i>country</i> beyond <i>the river</i>, and of the princess of the land.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/1_kings/10-15.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Xx9A0AxPaoQ?start=4061" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/1_kings/10.htm">Solomon's Wealth and Splendor</a></span><br><span class="reftext">14</span>The weight of gold that came to Solomon each year was 666 talents, <span class="reftext">15</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/905.htm" title="905: lə·ḇaḏ (Prep-l:: N-ms) -- Separation, a part. ">not including</a> <a href="/hebrew/4536.htm" title="4536: ū·mis·ḥar (Conj-w:: N-msc) -- Probably merchandise. From cachar; trade.">the revenue</a> <a href="/hebrew/582.htm" title="582: mê·’an·šê (Prep-m:: N-mpc) -- Man, mankind. From 'anash; properly, a mortal; hence, a man in general.">from the merchants,</a> <a href="/hebrew/8446.htm" title="8446: hat·tā·rîm (Art:: V-Qal-Prtcpl-mp) -- To seek out, spy out, explore. A primitive root; to meander about, especially for trade or reconnoitring."></a> <a href="/hebrew/7402.htm" title="7402: hā·rō·ḵə·lîm (Art:: V-Qal-Prtcpl-mp) -- Probably to go about. A primitive root; to travel for trading.">traders,</a> <a href="/hebrew/3605.htm" title="3605: wə·ḵāl (Conj-w:: N-msc) -- The whole, all. Or kowl; from kalal; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every.">and all</a> <a href="/hebrew/6152.htm" title="6152: hā·‘e·reḇ (Art:: N-ms) -- Or marab; from arab in the figurative sense of sterility; Arab, a country East of Palestine.">the Arabian</a> <a href="/hebrew/4428.htm" title="4428: mal·ḵê (N-mpc) -- King. From malak; a king.">kings</a> <a href="/hebrew/6346.htm" title="6346: ū·p̄a·ḥō·wṯ (Conj-w:: N-mpc) -- A governor. Of foreign origin; a prefect.">and governors</a> <a href="/hebrew/776.htm" title="776: hā·’ā·reṣ (Art:: N-fs) -- Earth, land. From an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth.">of the land.</a> </span><span class="reftext">16</span>King Solomon made two hundred large shields of hammered gold; six hundred shekels of gold went into each shield.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_chronicles/9-14.htm">2 Chronicles 9:14</a></span><br />not including the revenue from the merchants and traders. And all the Arabian kings and governors of the land also brought gold and silver to Solomon.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/4-21.htm">1 Kings 4:21</a></span><br />And Solomon reigned over all the kingdoms from the Euphrates to the land of the Philistines, as far as the border of Egypt. These kingdoms offered tribute and served Solomon all the days of his life.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/4-24.htm">1 Kings 4:24</a></span><br />For Solomon had dominion over everything west of the Euphrates—over all the kingdoms from Tiphsah to Gaza—and he had peace on all sides.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/9-28.htm">1 Kings 9:28</a></span><br />They sailed to Ophir and imported gold from there—420 talents—and delivered it to Solomon.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/10-22.htm">1 Kings 10:22</a></span><br />For the king had the ships of Tarshish at sea with Hiram’s fleet, and once every three years the ships of Tarshish would arrive bearing gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/10-25.htm">1 Kings 10:25</a></span><br />Year after year, each visitor would bring his tribute: articles of silver and gold, clothing, weapons, spices, horses, and mules.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/10-27.htm">1 Kings 10:27</a></span><br />The king made silver as common in Jerusalem as stones, and cedar as abundant as sycamore in the foothills.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/10-29.htm">1 Kings 10:29</a></span><br />A chariot could be imported from Egypt for six hundred shekels of silver, and a horse for a hundred and fifty. Likewise, they exported them to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Aram.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_chronicles/1-15.htm">2 Chronicles 1:15-17</a></span><br />The king made silver and gold as common in Jerusalem as stones, and cedar as abundant as sycamore in the foothills. / Solomon’s horses were imported from Egypt and Kue; the royal merchants purchased them from Kue. / A chariot could be imported from Egypt for six hundred shekels of silver, and a horse for a hundred and fifty. Likewise, they exported them to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Aram.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_chronicles/9-13.htm">2 Chronicles 9:13-14</a></span><br />The weight of gold that came to Solomon each year was 666 talents, / not including the revenue from the merchants and traders. And all the Arabian kings and governors of the land also brought gold and silver to Solomon.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_chronicles/9-22.htm">2 Chronicles 9:22-24</a></span><br />So King Solomon surpassed all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom. / All the kings of the earth sought an audience with Solomon to hear the wisdom that God had put in his heart. / Year after year, each visitor would bring his tribute: articles of silver and gold, clothing, weapons, spices, horses, and mules.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/60-6.htm">Isaiah 60:6</a></span><br />Caravans of camels will cover your land, young camels of Midian and Ephah, and all from Sheba will come, bearing gold and frankincense and proclaiming the praises of the LORD.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/60-9.htm">Isaiah 60:9</a></span><br />Surely the islands will wait for Me, with the ships of Tarshish in the lead, to bring your children from afar, with their silver and gold, to the honor of the LORD your God, the Holy One of Israel, for He has glorified you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/27-22.htm">Ezekiel 27:22</a></span><br />The merchants of Sheba and Raamah traded with you; for your wares they exchanged gold, the finest of all spices, and precious stones.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/matthew/12-42.htm">Matthew 12:42</a></span><br />The Queen of the South will rise at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and now One greater than Solomon is here.</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">Beside that he had of the merchants, and of the traffic of the spice merchants, and of all the kings of Arabia, and of the governors of the country.</p><p class="hdg">all the kings</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/1_chronicles/9-24.htm">1 Chronicles 9:24</a></b></br> In four quarters were the porters, toward the east, west, north, and south.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/2_chronicles/9-13.htm">2 Chronicles 9:13,14</a></b></br> Now the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred and threescore and six talents of gold; … </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/psalms/72-10.htm">Psalm 72:10</a></b></br> The kings of Tarshish and of the isles shall bring presents: the kings of Sheba and Seba shall offer gifts.</p><p class="hdg">governors.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/1_kings/10-13.htm">Addition</a> <a href="/1_kings/8-53.htm">Apart</a> <a href="/galatians/4-25.htm">Arabia</a> <a href="/acts/2-11.htm">Arabians</a> <a href="/acts/2-11.htm">Arabs</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-13.htm">Besides</a> <a href="/2_samuel/14-20.htm">Business</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-13.htm">Country</a> <a href="/john/2-14.htm">Dealers</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-7.htm">Governors</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-31.htm">Including</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-34.htm">Kings</a> <a href="/genesis/37-28.htm">Merchantmen</a> <a href="/genesis/37-28.htm">Merchants</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/22-11.htm">Mingled</a> <a href="/1_samuel/28-24.htm">Mixed</a> <a href="/jeremiah/12-13.htm">Revenues</a> <a href="/1_kings/9-22.htm">Rulers</a> <a href="/numbers/7-86.htm">Spice</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/9-14.htm">Tourists</a> <a href="/genesis/37-28.htm">Traders</a> <a href="/genesis/42-34.htm">Traffic</a> <a href="/revelation/18-15.htm">Wares</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/2_kings/3-18.htm">Addition</a> <a href="/1_kings/13-3.htm">Apart</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/9-14.htm">Arabia</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/17-11.htm">Arabians</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/17-11.htm">Arabs</a> <a href="/1_kings/11-1.htm">Besides</a> <a href="/2_kings/6-5.htm">Business</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-27.htm">Country</a> <a href="/nehemiah/3-31.htm">Dealers</a> <a href="/1_kings/20-14.htm">Governors</a> <a href="/1_kings/14-26.htm">Including</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-23.htm">Kings</a> <a href="/genesis/37-28.htm">Merchantmen</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-28.htm">Merchants</a> <a href="/ezra/9-2.htm">Mingled</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/23-29.htm">Mixed</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/9-14.htm">Revenues</a> <a href="/1_kings/20-14.htm">Rulers</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/9-9.htm">Spice</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/9-14.htm">Tourists</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-28.htm">Traders</a> <a href="/job/41-6.htm">Traffic</a> <a href="/ezra/1-6.htm">Wares</a><div class="vheading2">1 Kings 10</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/1_kings/10-1.htm">The queen of Sheba admires the wisdom of Solomon</a></span><br><span class="reftext">14. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/1_kings/10-14.htm">Solomon's gold</a></span><br><span class="reftext">16. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/1_kings/10-16.htm">His targets</a></span><br><span class="reftext">18. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/1_kings/10-18.htm">The throne of ivory</a></span><br><span class="reftext">21. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/1_kings/10-21.htm">His vessels</a></span><br><span class="reftext">24. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/1_kings/10-24.htm">His presents</a></span><br><span class="reftext">26. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/1_kings/10-26.htm">his chariots and horse</a></span><br><span class="reftext">28. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/1_kings/10-28.htm">his tribute</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/1_kings/10.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/1_kings/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/1_kings/10.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div><b>not including the revenue from the merchants</b><br>This phrase highlights the vast wealth that King Solomon accumulated, which was not solely dependent on the regular income from merchants. In the ancient Near East, trade was a significant source of wealth, and Israel's strategic location made it a hub for commerce. Solomon's wisdom and administrative skills allowed him to capitalize on this, establishing trade alliances and routes that brought in substantial revenue. This reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to Solomon of wealth and prosperity (<a href="/1_kings/3-13.htm">1 Kings 3:13</a>).<p><b>traders</b><br>The mention of traders indicates the presence of a thriving economy under Solomon's reign. Traders would have included those dealing in goods such as spices, textiles, and precious metals. The economic activity facilitated by these traders contributed to the prosperity of Israel. This prosperity is a testament to the peace and stability Solomon's reign brought, allowing for such economic growth, as seen in the broader narrative of 1 Kings.<p><b>and all the Arabian kings</b><br>The Arabian kings refer to the rulers of the regions to the south and east of Israel, known for their wealth in spices, gold, and other luxury goods. These kings likely paid tribute to Solomon, recognizing his power and influence. This relationship underscores the extent of Solomon's influence and the fulfillment of the Abrahamic promise that Israel would be a blessing to the nations (<a href="/genesis/12-2.htm">Genesis 12:2-3</a>).<p><b>and governors of the land</b><br>Governors of the land would have been local rulers or officials who managed different regions within Solomon's kingdom. Their mention indicates a well-organized administrative system that Solomon established to manage his vast empire. This system allowed for efficient collection of taxes and tributes, contributing to the king's wealth. The structure of governance under Solomon can be seen as a type of the order and peace that Christ, the ultimate King, will bring in His kingdom (<a href="/isaiah/9-6.htm">Isaiah 9:6-7</a>).<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/s/solomon.htm">Solomon</a></b><br>The king of Israel, known for his wisdom, wealth, and building projects, including the Temple in Jerusalem. His reign is marked by prosperity and peace.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/m/merchants_and_traders.htm">Merchants and Traders</a></b><br>Individuals involved in commerce, bringing wealth to Solomon's kingdom through trade. They played a significant role in the economic prosperity of Israel during Solomon's reign.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/a/arabian_kings.htm">Arabian Kings</a></b><br>Rulers of the Arabian regions who contributed to Solomon's wealth, possibly through tributes or trade agreements.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/g/governors_of_the_land.htm">Governors of the Land</a></b><br>Local leaders or officials who managed different regions under Solomon's rule, contributing to the centralized wealth and administration.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/i/israel.htm">Israel</a></b><br>The nation over which Solomon reigned, experiencing a period of unprecedented wealth and influence during his kingship.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/t/the_source_of_true_wealth.htm">The Source of True Wealth</a></b><br>While Solomon's wealth was immense, true wealth is found in wisdom and a relationship with God. Material riches are temporary, but spiritual riches are eternal.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_role_of_stewardship.htm">The Role of Stewardship</a></b><br>Solomon's wealth came with the responsibility of stewardship. Believers today are called to manage their resources wisely, using them for God's glory and the benefit of others.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_danger_of_materialism.htm">The Danger of Materialism</a></b><br>Solomon's account serves as a cautionary tale about the potential pitfalls of materialism. Wealth can lead to complacency and a departure from reliance on God.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_influence_of_leadership.htm">The Influence of Leadership</a></b><br>Solomon's ability to gather wealth from various sources demonstrates the influence and responsibility of leadership. Leaders are called to act justly and lead with integrity.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_importance_of_alliances.htm">The Importance of Alliances</a></b><br>The alliances and trade agreements Solomon formed contributed to his wealth. In a spiritual sense, believers are encouraged to form alliances with fellow Christians to strengthen their faith and witness.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_1_kings_10.htm">Top 10 Lessons from 1 Kings 10</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/who_was_king_uzziah_in_the_bible.htm">Who was King Uzziah in the Bible?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/did_joshua_capture_jerusalem.htm">Did Joshua and the Israelites capture Jerusalem? Yes (Joshua 10:23, 40) No (Joshua 15:63)</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/how_does_1_kings_10_27-29_fit_trade_data.htm">In light of 1 Kings 10:27-29, how do we reconcile the extensive horse trade from Egypt and Kue with what is known about trade routes and military resources of that era?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/how_did_solomon_get_gold_for_the_sanctuary.htm">2 Chronicles 3:8 - How did Solomon acquire and transport enough gold to overlay the inner sanctuary entirely?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/1_kings/10.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(15) <span class= "bld">The governors of the country</span>.--The word "governor" (<span class= "ital">pechah</span>) is supposed to be of foreign origin--possibly cognate to the Sanscrit word <span class= "ital">paksha</span> "friend." It is used constantly of foreign officers, or satraps: as in <a href="/1_kings/20-24.htm" title="And do this thing, Take the kings away, every man out of his place, and put captains in their rooms:">1Kings 20:24</a>, of the Syrian officers; in <a href="/2_kings/18-24.htm" title="How then will you turn away the face of one captain of the least of my master's servants, and put your trust on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen?">2Kings 18:24</a> and <a href="/isaiah/36-9.htm" title="How then will you turn away the face of one captain of the least of my master's servants, and put your trust on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen?">Isaiah 36:9</a>, of the Assyrians; in <a href="/jeremiah/51-23.htm" title="I will also break in pieces with you the shepherd and his flock; and with you will I break in pieces the farmer and his yoke of oxen; and with you will I break in pieces captains and rulers.">Jeremiah 51:23</a>, of the Babylonians; in <a href="/esther/8-9.htm" title="Then were the king's scribes called at that time in the third month, that is, the month Sivan, on the three and twentieth day thereof; and it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded to the Jews, and to the lieutenants, and the deputies and rulers of the provinces which are from India to Ethiopia, an hundred twenty and seven provinces, to every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, and to the Jews according to their writing, and according to their language.">Esther 8:9</a>, <a href="/nehemiah/5-14.htm" title="Moreover from the time that I was appointed to be their governor in the land of Judah, from the twentieth year even to the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes the king, that is, twelve years, I and my brothers have not eaten the bread of the governor.">Nehemiah 5:14</a>; <a href="/nehemiah/5-18.htm" title="Now that which was prepared for me daily was one ox and six choice sheep; also fowls were prepared for me, and once in ten days store of all sorts of wine: yet for all this required not I the bread of the governor, because the bondage was heavy on this people.">Nehemiah 5:18</a>; <a href="/nehemiah/12-26.htm" title="These were in the days of Joiakim the son of Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, and in the days of Nehemiah the governor, and of Ezra the priest, the scribe.">Nehemiah 12:26</a>, &c., of the Persians. Hence it would seem to be used here, not for the officers in the land of Israel described in 1 Kings 4, but for governors (Israelite or foreign) in tributary countries: and it may possibly be a word of later origin than the age of Solomon, introduced by the compiler of the book. . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/1_kings/10.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 15.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Beside that he had of the marchantmen</span> [The root <span class="hebrew">תּוּר</span> signifies to <span class="accented">wander</span> or <span class="accented">travel about</span>. In <a href="/numbers/13-16.htm">Numbers 13:16, 17</a>, it is used of <span class="accented">spies</span>. It may here be applied to persons who travelled for purposes of trade; but the versions differ very materially in their rendering of the word; the LXX. understanding it of <span class="accented">tribute</span> (<span class="greek">τῶν φόρων τῶν</span> <span class="greek">ὑποτεταγμένων</span>); the Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic of <span class="accented">artizans</span>; the Vulgate of <span class="accented">ambassadors</span>. And the word is nowhere else used of traders. For the construction, see Ewald 287<span class="accented">e</span>], <span class="cmt_word">and of the traffick</span> [it is noteworthy that no such word is used before <span class="hebrew">הַתָּרִים</span> above] <span class="cmt_word">of</span> <span class="cmt_word">the spice</span> [not in Hebrews] <span class="cmt_word">merchants</span> <span class="hebrew">רָכַל</span> is akin to <span class="hebrew">רָגַל</span> Like the preceding word, the primary meaning is to <span class="accented">go about</span> (<span class="hebrew">תווט רֶגֶל</span>); hence, to <span class="accented">trade</span>. It is probable that Solomon's great commercial enterprises were conducted for his own benefit, <span class="accented">i.e.</span>, that the merchants were little more than agents, who bought and sold for the king. Such is the custom of Eastern kings (Kitto)], <span class="cmt_word">and of all the kings of Arabia</span> [<span class="hebrew">הָעֶרֶב</span> is very variously interpreted. According to Gesenius it means <span class="accented">foreigners</span>, and he would understand "foreign kings who made an alliance with the Israelites," and so the Chaldee. Keil: "the kings of the mixed population" (mentioned <a href="/exodus/12-38.htm">Exodus 12:38</a>. Cf. <a href="/jeremiah/50-37.htm">Jeremiah 50:37</a>; <a href="/nehemiah/13-3.htm">Nehemiah 13:3</a>). Perhaps the words are best explained by <a href="/jeremiah/25-24.htm">Jeremiah 25:24</a>: "The kings of Arabia (<span class="hebrew">עֲרָב</span>) and ... of the mingled people (<span class="hebrew">עֶרֶב</span>) that dwell in the desert," <span class="accented">i.e.</span>, the desert of <span class="accented">Arabia deserta</span>, bordering on Palestine. The chronicler here gives us <span class="hebrew">עֲרָב</span>, <span class="accented">i.e.</span>, not the Arabia of the geographers, but the tract of country south and east of Palestine, as far as the Red Sea (Gesenius). No doubt these kings, who were great sheepmasters, paid their tribute in flocks of sheep and goats (<a href="/2_chronicles/17-11.htm">2 Chronicles 17:11</a>; <a href="/2_kings/3-4.htm">2 Kings 3:4</a>], <span class="cmt_word">and of the governors of the country.</span> [The word <span class="hebrew">פַחות</span> (cf. ch. 20:24) is a foreign word, perhaps Sanskrit, apparently borrowed by the Jews from the Persians. It is used of Tatnai (<a href="/ezra/5-6.htm">Ezra 5:6</a>), of Zerubbabel (<a href="/haggai/1-1.htm">Haggai 1:1</a>), and of Nehemiah (<a href="/nehemiah/5-14.htm">Nehemiah 5:14</a>). Probably our author, in whose day it was a familiar and well understood word, substituted it for some older Hebrew designation. But the office and character of these "governors" is more difficult to define than the name. Rawlinson thinks that, in some parts of the empire, the kings - the "empire of Solomon," he observes, "was in the main a <span class="accented">congeries</span> of small kingdoms" - "had been superseded by governors." But it seems as natural to understand the term of the twelve prefects mentioned in chap. 4, who were "the governors of the land," or of similar officers in the different outposts of the kingdom. We know that the contributions which passed through their hands were furnished <span class="accented">in kind</span>; hence, perhaps, it is that this income is distinguished from the gold of ver. 14. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/1_kings/10-15.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">not including</span><br /><span class="heb">לְבַד֙</span> <span class="translit">(lə·ḇaḏ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_905.htm">Strong's 905: </a> </span><span class="str2">Separation, a part of the body, branch of a, tree, bar for, carrying, chief of</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the revenue</span><br /><span class="heb">וּמִסְחַ֖ר</span> <span class="translit">(ū·mis·ḥar)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4536.htm">Strong's 4536: </a> </span><span class="str2">Probably merchandise</span><br /><br /><span class="word">from the merchants,</span><br /><span class="heb">מֵאַנְשֵׁ֣י</span> <span class="translit">(mê·’an·šê)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-m | Noun - masculine plural construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_376.htm">Strong's 376: </a> </span><span class="str2">A man as an individual, a male person</span><br /><br /><span class="word">traders,</span><br /><span class="heb">הָרֹכְלִ֑ים</span> <span class="translit">(hā·rō·ḵə·lîm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7402.htm">Strong's 7402: </a> </span><span class="str2">To travel for, trading</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and all</span><br /><span class="heb">וְכָל־</span> <span class="translit">(wə·ḵāl)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3605.htm">Strong's 3605: </a> </span><span class="str2">The whole, all, any, every</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the Arabian</span><br /><span class="heb">הָעֶ֖רֶב</span> <span class="translit">(hā·‘e·reḇ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6152.htm">Strong's 6152: </a> </span><span class="str2">Arabia -- 'steppe-dwellers', a country East of Israel</span><br /><br /><span class="word">kings</span><br /><span class="heb">מַלְכֵ֥י</span> <span class="translit">(mal·ḵê)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine plural construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4428.htm">Strong's 4428: </a> </span><span class="str2">A king</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and governors</span><br /><span class="heb">וּפַח֥וֹת</span> <span class="translit">(ū·p̄a·ḥō·wṯ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6346.htm">Strong's 6346: </a> </span><span class="str2">A governor</span><br /><br /><span class="word">of the land.</span><br /><span class="heb">הָאָֽרֶץ׃</span> <span class="translit">(hā·’ā·reṣ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_776.htm">Strong's 776: </a> </span><span class="str2">Earth, land</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/1_kings/10-15.htm">1 Kings 10:15 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/1_kings/10-15.htm">1 Kings 10:15 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/1_kings/10-15.htm">1 Kings 10:15 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/1_kings/10-15.htm">1 Kings 10:15 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/1_kings/10-15.htm">1 Kings 10:15 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/1_kings/10-15.htm">1 Kings 10:15 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/1_kings/10-15.htm">1 Kings 10:15 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/1_kings/10-15.htm">1 Kings 10:15 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/1_kings/10-15.htm">1 Kings 10:15 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/1_kings/10-15.htm">1 Kings 10:15 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/1_kings/10-15.htm">OT History: 1 Kings 10:15 Besides that which the traders brought (1Ki iKi i Ki 1 Kg 1kg) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/1_kings/10-14.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="1 Kings 10:14"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="1 Kings 10:14" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/1_kings/10-16.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="1 Kings 10:16"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="1 Kings 10:16" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>