CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Kilogram - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5ec1be0e-1647-4059-ae4c-dc284f5c0eb6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Kilogram","wgTitle":"Kilogram","wgCurRevisionId":1272768486,"wgRevisionId":1272768486,"wgArticleId":16619,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing French-language text","CS1: long volume value","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","Articles containing Latin-language text","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Czech-language sources (cs)","CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)","CS1 Hungarian-language sources (hu)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from October 2024","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Commons category link from Wikidata","Pages using the external media template with no first item","Good articles","SI base units","Units of mass","1000 (number)"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Kilogram","wgRelevantArticleId":16619,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q11570","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Poids_fonte_5_kg_%C3%A0_2_hg_02.jpg/1200px-Poids_fonte_5_kg_%C3%A0_2_hg_02.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Poids_fonte_5_kg_%C3%A0_2_hg_02.jpg/800px-Poids_fonte_5_kg_%C3%A0_2_hg_02.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Poids_fonte_5_kg_%C3%A0_2_hg_02.jpg/640px-Poids_fonte_5_kg_%C3%A0_2_hg_02.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Kilogram - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Kilogram rootpage-Kilogram skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Kilogram" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Kilogram" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Kilogram" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Kilogram" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Definition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Definition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Timeline_of_previous_definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_of_previous_definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Timeline of previous definitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_previous_definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name_and_terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name_and_terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Name and terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name_and_terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Redefinition_based_on_fundamental_constants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redefinition_based_on_fundamental_constants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Redefinition based on fundamental constants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redefinition_based_on_fundamental_constants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SI_multiples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SI_multiples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>SI multiples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SI_multiples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Practical_issues_with_SI_weight_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Practical_issues_with_SI_weight_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Practical issues with SI weight names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Practical_issues_with_SI_weight_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Videos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Videos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Videos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Videos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kilogram</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 153 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-153" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">153 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramm" title="Kilogramm – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kilogramm" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Акилограмм – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Акилограмм" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="كيلوغرام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيلوغرام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramo" title="Kilogramo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Kilogramo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Քիլոկրամ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Քիլոկրամ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="কিলোগ্ৰাম – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কিলোগ্ৰাম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilogramu" title="Quilogramu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Quilogramu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramo" title="Kilogramo – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kilogramo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilu" title="Kilu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Kilu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiloqram" title="Kiloqram – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kiloqram" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85" title="کیلوگیرم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کیلوگیرم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="কিলোগ্রাম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কিলোগ্রাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong-kin" title="Kong-kin – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kong-kin" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Килограмм – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Килограмм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Кілаграм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кілаграм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Кіляграм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кіляграм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="किलोग्राम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="किलोग्राम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramo" title="Kilogramo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kilogramo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Килограм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Килограм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="སྟོང་ཁེའུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྟོང་ཁེའུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramm" title="Kilogramm – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kilogramm" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilogram" title="Quilogram – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quilogram" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Килограмм – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Килограмм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilogram" title="Cilogram – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cilogram" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%DD%A3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="كيلوݣرام – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كيلوݣرام" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramm" title="Kilogramm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kilogramm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramm" title="Kilogramm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kilogramm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%BF" title="Χιλιόγραμμο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χιλιόγραμμο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramo" title="Kilogramo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kilogramo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramo" title="Kilogramo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kilogramo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramo" title="Kilogramo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kilogramo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85" title="کیلوگرم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کیلوگرم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramme" title="Kilogramme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kilogramme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilogram" title="Chilogram – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Chilogram" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cileagram" title="Cileagram – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cileagram" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilogramo" title="Quilogramo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Quilogramo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%96%A4" title="公斤 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="公斤" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BBng-k%C3%AEn" title="Kûng-kîn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kûng-kîn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%AC%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%A8" title="킬로그램 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="킬로그램" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Կիլոգրամ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կիլոգրամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="किलोग्राम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="किलोग्राम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramo" title="Kilogramo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kilogramo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramo" title="Kilogramo – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kilogramo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramma" title="Kilogramma – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Kilogramma" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramme" title="Kilogramme – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Kilogramme" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADl%C3%B3gramm" title="Kílógramm – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kílógramm" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilogrammo" title="Chilogrammo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chilogrammo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9D" title="קילוגרם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קילוגרם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಿಲೋಗ್ರಾಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಿಲೋಗ್ರಾಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Килограмм – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Килограмм" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="კილოგრამი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კილოგრამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Килограмм – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Килограмм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramu" title="Kilogramu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kilogramu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AElogram" title="Kîlogram – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kîlogram" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Килограмм – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Килограмм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiliogramma" title="Chiliogramma – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chiliogramma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilograms" title="Kilograms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kilograms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramm" title="Kilogramm – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kilogramm" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramas" title="Kilogramas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kilogramas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilog%C3%A1lame" title="Kilogálame – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kilogálame" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilogram" title="Chilogram – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Chilogram" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramm" title="Kilogramm – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kilogramm" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Килограм – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Килограм" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82" title="കിലോഗ്രാം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കിലോഗ്രാം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramm" title="Kilogramm – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kilogramm" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AE" title="किलोग्रॅम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="किलोग्रॅम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="კილოგრამი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კილოგრამი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="كيلوجرام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيلوجرام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%ADng-g%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng" title="Gŭng-gṳ̆ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gŭng-gṳ̆ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Килограмм – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Килограмм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ကီလိုဂရမ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကီလိုဂရမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="किलोग्राम – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="किलोग्राम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="किलोग्राम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="किलोग्राम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0" title="キログラム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キログラム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Кийла – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кийла" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilograma" title="Quilograma – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quilograma" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE" title="କିଲୋଗ୍ରାମ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କିଲୋଗ୍ରାମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramm" title="Kilogramm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kilogramm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE" title="ਕਿਲੋਗ੍ਰਾਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਿਲੋਗ੍ਰਾਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="کلو گرام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کلو گرام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilo" title="Kilo – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kilo" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramm" title="Kilogramm – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kilogramm" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilograma" title="Quilograma – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quilograma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilugramu" title="Kilugramu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kilugramu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Килограм – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Килограм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Килограмм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Килограмм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Килограмм – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Килограмм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilokalama" title="Kilokalama – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kilokalama" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="किलोग्राम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="किलोग्राम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilogrammu" title="Chilogrammu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Chilogrammu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramme" title="Kilogramme – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kilogramme" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogrami" title="Kilogrami – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kilogrami" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilugrammu" title="Chilugrammu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Chilugrammu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%91%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA" title="කිලෝග්රෑමය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කිලෝග්රෑමය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%97%D0%BB%D1%97%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Хїлїограммо – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Хїлїограммо" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiilogaraam" title="Kiilogaraam – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kiilogaraam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="کیلۆگرام – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کیلۆگرام" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Килограм – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Килограм" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramma" title="Kilogramma – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kilogramma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramo" title="Kilogramo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kilogramo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கிலோகிராம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிலோகிராம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilugram" title="Kilugram – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kilugram" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="కిలోగ్రాము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కిలోగ్రాము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="กิโลกรัม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กิโลกรัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Килограмм – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Килограмм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogi%CC%B1ram" title="Kilogi̱ram – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kilogi̱ram" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Кілограм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кілограм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="کلوگرام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کلوگرام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goenggaen" title="Goenggaen – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Goenggaen" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%82ogramo" title="Chiłogramo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Chiłogramo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramm" title="Kilogramm – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kilogramm" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kil%C3%B4gam" title="Kilôgam – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kilôgam" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilograme" title="Kilograme – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Kilograme" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%96%A4" title="公斤 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="公斤" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kilogram" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramo" title="Kilogramo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kilogramo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%96%A4" title="公斤 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="公斤" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khilogiramu" title="Khilogiramu – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Khilogiramu" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9D" title="קילאגראם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קילאגראם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%85%8B" title="千克 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="千克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%97luograms" title="Kėluograms – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kėluograms" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%85%8B" title="千克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="千克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogaram" title="Kilogaram – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Kilogaram" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11570#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Kilogram" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kilogram"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kilogram"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Kilogram" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Kilogram" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&oldid=1272768486" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Kilogram&id=1272768486&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKilogram"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKilogram"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kilogram&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kilogram" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11570" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metric unit of mass</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"kg" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/KG_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="KG (disambiguation)">KG</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-unit"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">kilogram</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Poids_fonte_5_kg_%C3%A0_2_hg_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Poids_fonte_5_kg_%C3%A0_2_hg_02.jpg/220px-Poids_fonte_5_kg_%C3%A0_2_hg_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Poids_fonte_5_kg_%C3%A0_2_hg_02.jpg/330px-Poids_fonte_5_kg_%C3%A0_2_hg_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Poids_fonte_5_kg_%C3%A0_2_hg_02.jpg/440px-Poids_fonte_5_kg_%C3%A0_2_hg_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4356" data-file-height="2904" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A series of 5, 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.2 kilogram weights, made of <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/System_of_units_of_measurement" title="System of units of measurement">Unit system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">kg</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Conversions </th></tr><tr class="nowrap"><td>1 kg <i>in ...</i></td><td><i>... is equal to ...</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois" title="Avoirdupois">Avoirdupois</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>≈ <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000220460000000000♠"></span>2.2046</span> <a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">pounds</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>≈ <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000100000107871125♠"></span>35.274 <a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">oz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span>British Gravitational</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>≈ <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998685000000000000♠"></span>0.0685</span> <a href="/wiki/Slug_(unit)" title="Slug (unit)">slugs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/CGS_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="CGS unit">CGS units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠"></span>1000 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">g</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span>Daltons</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7026602214076000000♠"></span>6.022<span style="margin-left:.25em;">140</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">76</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>26</sup> <a href="/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)">Da</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>The <b>kilogram</b> (also spelled <b>kilogramme</b><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Base_units" title="International System of Units">base unit</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a> (SI), having the unit symbol <b>kg</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word "kilogram" is formed from the combination of the <a href="/wiki/Metric_prefix" title="Metric prefix">metric prefix</a> <a href="/wiki/Kilo-" title="Kilo-">kilo-</a> (meaning one thousand) and <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">gram</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is colloquially <a href="/wiki/Shortening_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortening (linguistics)">shortened</a> to "<b>kilo</b>" (plural "kilos").<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The kilogram is an SI <a href="/wiki/Base_unit_(measurement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Base unit (measurement)"> base unit</a>, defined ultimately in terms of three <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units#SI_defining_constants" title="International System of Units">defining constants</a> of the SI, namely <a href="/wiki/Caesium_standard" title="Caesium standard">a specific transition frequency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_caesium" title="Isotopes of caesium">caesium-133</a> atom, the <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">speed of light</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Planck_constant" title="Planck constant">Planck constant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SIBrochure9thEd_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIBrochure9thEd-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 131">: 131 </span></sup> A properly equipped <a href="/wiki/Metrology" title="Metrology">metrology</a> laboratory can calibrate a mass measurement instrument such as a <a href="/wiki/Kibble_balance" title="Kibble balance">Kibble balance</a> as a primary standard for the kilogram mass.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The kilogram was originally defined in 1795 during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> as the mass of one <a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Properties_of_water" title="Properties of water">water</a>. The current definition of a kilogram agrees with this original definition to within 30 <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" class="mw-redirect" title="Parts per million">parts per million</a>. In 1799, the platinum <i><a href="/wiki/Grave_(unit)#Kilogramme_des_Archives" title="Grave (unit)">Kilogramme des Archives</a></i> replaced it as the standard of mass. In 1889, a cylinder composed of <a href="/wiki/Platinum%E2%80%93iridium_alloy" title="Platinum–iridium alloy">platinum–iridium</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Prototype_of_the_Kilogram" title="International Prototype of the Kilogram">International Prototype of the Kilogram</a> (IPK), became the standard of the unit of mass for the metric system and remained so for 130 years, before the current standard was <a href="/wiki/2019_revision_of_the_SI" title="2019 revision of the SI">adopted in 2019</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vox_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vox-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The kilogram is defined in terms of three defining constants:<sup id="cite_ref-SIBrochure9thEd_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIBrochure9thEd-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>a specific atomic transition frequency <span class="texhtml"><a href="/wiki/Caesium_standard" title="Caesium standard">Δ<i>ν</i><sub>Cs</sub></a></span>, which defines the duration of the second,</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">speed of light</a> <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">c</span>, which when combined with the second, defines the length of the metre,</li> <li>and the <a href="/wiki/Planck_constant" title="Planck constant">Planck constant</a> <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">h</span>, which when combined with the metre and second, defines the mass of the kilogram.</li></ul> <p>The formal definition according to the <a href="/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures" title="General Conference on Weights and Measures">General Conference on Weights and Measures</a> (CGPM) is: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the <a href="/wiki/Planck_constant" title="Planck constant">Planck constant</a> <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">h</span> to be <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6966662607015000000♠"></span>6.626<span style="margin-left:.25em;">070</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">15</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−34</sup></span> when expressed in the unit J⋅s, which is equal to kg⋅m<sup>2</sup>⋅s<sup>−1</sup>, where the <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a> are defined in terms of <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">c</span> and <span class="texhtml">Δ<i>ν</i><sub>Cs</sub></span>.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>CGPM<sup id="cite_ref-draft-resolution-A_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-draft-resolution-A-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Defined in term of those units, the kg is formulated as:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996643573">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="block-indent">kg = <span class="texhtml"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214402035">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">(<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008299792458000000♠"></span>299<span style="margin-left:.25em;">792</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">458</span></span>)<sup>2</sup></span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">(<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6966662607015000000♠"></span>6.626<span style="margin-left:.25em;">070</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">15</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−34</sup></span>)(<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7009919263177000000♠"></span>9<span style="margin-left:.25em;">192</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">631</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">770</span></span>)</span></span>⁠</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035" /><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><i>h</i><span style="margin-left:0.25em">Δ<i>ν</i><sub>Cs</sub></span></span></span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den"><i>c</i><sup>2</sup></span></span>⁠</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573" /><div class="block-indent">≈ <span class="texhtml">(<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7040147552140000000♠"></span>1.475<span style="margin-left:.25em;">5214</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>40</sup></span>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035" /><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><i>h</i><span style="margin-left:0.25em">Δ<i>ν</i><sub>Cs</sub></span></span></span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den"><i>c</i><sup>2</sup></span></span>⁠</span></span>.</div> <p>This definition is generally consistent with previous definitions: the <a href="/wiki/Mass_versus_weight" title="Mass versus weight">mass</a> remains within 30 <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" class="mw-redirect" title="Parts per million">ppm</a> of the mass of one litre of water.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline_of_previous_definitions">Timeline of previous definitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Timeline of previous definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_prototype_of_the_kilogram_aka_Le_Grand_K.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/International_prototype_of_the_kilogram_aka_Le_Grand_K.jpg/220px-International_prototype_of_the_kilogram_aka_Le_Grand_K.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/International_prototype_of_the_kilogram_aka_Le_Grand_K.jpg/330px-International_prototype_of_the_kilogram_aka_Le_Grand_K.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/International_prototype_of_the_kilogram_aka_Le_Grand_K.jpg/440px-International_prototype_of_the_kilogram_aka_Le_Grand_K.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1217" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/International_Prototype_of_the_Kilogram" title="International Prototype of the Kilogram">International Prototype of the Kilogram</a>, whose mass was defined to be one kilogram from 1889 to 2019.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1793: The <a href="/wiki/Grave_(unit)" title="Grave (unit)">grave</a> (the precursor of the kilogram) was defined as the mass of 1 <a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litre</a> (dm<sup>3</sup>) of water, which was determined to be 18841 <a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">grains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1795: the gram (<sup>1</sup>/<sub>1000</sub> of a kilogram) was provisionally defined as the mass of one cubic <a href="/wiki/Centimetre" title="Centimetre">centimetre</a> of water at the melting point of ice.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1799: The <a href="/wiki/Kilogramme_des_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilogramme des Archives">Kilogramme des Archives</a> was manufactured as a prototype. It had a mass equal to the mass of 1 dm<sup>3</sup> of water at the temperature of its maximum density, which is approximately 4 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zupko_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zupko-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1875–1889: The <a href="/wiki/Metre_Convention" title="Metre Convention">Metre Convention</a> was signed in 1875, leading to the production of the <a href="/wiki/International_Prototype_of_the_Kilogram" title="International Prototype of the Kilogram">International Prototype of the Kilogram</a> (IPK) in 1879 and its adoption in 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019: The kilogram was <a href="/wiki/2019_revision_of_the_SI" title="2019 revision of the SI">defined</a> in terms of the <a href="/wiki/Planck_constant" title="Planck constant">Planck constant</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">speed of light</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caesium_standard" title="Caesium standard">hyperfine transition frequency of <sup>133</sup>Cs</a> as approved by the <a href="/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures" title="General Conference on Weights and Measures">General Conference on Weights and Measures</a> (CGPM) on 16 November 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-vox_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vox-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_and_terminology">Name and terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Name and terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The kilogram is the only <a href="/wiki/SI_base_unit" title="SI base unit">base SI unit</a> with an <a href="/wiki/SI_prefix" class="mw-redirect" title="SI prefix">SI prefix</a> (<i>kilo</i>) as part of its name. The word <i>kilogramme</i> or <i>kilogram</i> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">kilogramme</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-OED_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which itself was a learned coinage, prefixing the <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Greek</a> stem of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">χίλιοι</span></span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">khilioi</i></span> "a thousand" to <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">gramma</i></span>, a Late Latin term for "a small weight", itself from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">γράμμα</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">kilogramme</i></span> was written into French law in 1795, in the <i>Decree of <a href="/wiki/French_Republican_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="French Republican Calendar">18 Germinal</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which revised the provisional system of units introduced by the French <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a> two years earlier, where the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">gravet</i></span> had been defined as weight (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">poids</i></span>) of a cubic centimetre of water, equal to 1/1000 of a <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Grave_(unit)" title="Grave (unit)">grave</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the decree of 1795, the term <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">gramme</i></span> thus replaced <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">gravet</i></span>, and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">kilogramme</i></span> replaced <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">grave</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zupko_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zupko-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French spelling was adopted in Great Britain when the word was used for the first time in English in 1795,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OED_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the spelling <i>kilogram</i> being adopted in the United States. In the United Kingdom both spellings are used, with "kilogram" having become by far the more common.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UK law regulating the units to be used when <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Acts_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Acts of the United Kingdom">trading by weight or measure</a> does not prevent the use of either spelling.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 19th century the French word <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">kilo</i></span>, a <a href="/wiki/Clipping_(morphology)" title="Clipping (morphology)">shortening</a> of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">kilogramme</i></span>, was imported into the English language where it has been used to mean both kilogram<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and kilometre.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <i>kilo</i> as an alternative is acceptable, to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> for example,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Canadian government's <a href="/wiki/Termium_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Termium Plus">Termium Plus</a> system states that "SI (International System of Units) usage, followed in scientific and technical writing" does not allow its usage and it is described as "a common informal name" on Russ Rowlett's Dictionary of Units of Measurement.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> gave the metric system legal status in 1866, it permitted the use of the word <i>kilo</i> as an alternative to the word <i>kilogram</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in 1990 revoked the status of the word <i>kilo</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SI system was introduced in 1960 and in 1970 the <a href="/wiki/International_Bureau_of_Weights_and_Measures" title="International Bureau of Weights and Measures">BIPM</a> started publishing the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units#SI_Brochure" title="International System of Units"><i>SI Brochure</i></a>, which contains all relevant decisions and recommendations by the <a href="/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures" title="General Conference on Weights and Measures">CGPM</a> concerning units. The <i>SI Brochure</i> states that "It is not permissible to use abbreviations for unit symbols or unit names ...".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For use with east Asian character sets, the SI symbol is encoded as a single Unicode character, <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+338F</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">㎏</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">SQUARE KG</span> in the <a href="/wiki/CJK_Compatibility" title="CJK Compatibility">CJK Compatibility</a> block. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Redefinition_based_on_fundamental_constants">Redefinition based on fundamental constants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Redefinition based on fundamental constants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unit_relations_in_the_new_SI.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Unit_relations_in_the_new_SI.svg/330px-Unit_relations_in_the_new_SI.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Unit_relations_in_the_new_SI.svg/500px-Unit_relations_in_the_new_SI.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Unit_relations_in_the_new_SI.svg/600px-Unit_relations_in_the_new_SI.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">SI system</a> after the 2019 redefinition: the kilogram is now fixed in terms of the <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">speed of light</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Planck_constant" title="Planck constant">Planck constant</a>; furthermore the <a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">ampere</a> no longer depends on the kilogram</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Watt_balance,_large_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Watt_balance%2C_large_view.jpg/250px-Watt_balance%2C_large_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Watt_balance%2C_large_view.jpg/330px-Watt_balance%2C_large_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Watt_balance%2C_large_view.jpg/500px-Watt_balance%2C_large_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Kibble_balance" title="Kibble balance">Kibble balance</a>, which was originally used to measure the <a href="/wiki/Planck_constant" title="Planck constant">Planck constant</a> in terms of the IPK, can now be used to calibrate secondary standard weights for practical use.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2019_revision_of_the_SI" title="2019 revision of the SI">2019 revision of the SI</a></div> <p>The replacement of the <a href="/wiki/International_Prototype_of_the_Kilogram" title="International Prototype of the Kilogram">International Prototype of the Kilogram</a> (IPK) as the primary standard was motivated by evidence accumulated over a long period of time that the mass of the IPK and its replicas had been changing; the IPK had diverged from its replicas by approximately 50 micrograms since their manufacture late in the 19th century. This led to <a href="/wiki/Alternative_approaches_to_redefining_the_kilogram" title="Alternative approaches to redefining the kilogram">several competing efforts</a> to develop measurement technology precise enough to warrant replacing the kilogram artefact with a definition based directly on physical fundamental constants.<sup id="cite_ref-vox_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vox-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_for_Weights_and_Measures" class="mw-redirect" title="International Committee for Weights and Measures">International Committee for Weights and Measures</a> (CIPM) approved a <a href="/wiki/2019_revision_of_the_SI" title="2019 revision of the SI">revision</a> in November 2018 that defines the kilogram by defining the <a href="/wiki/Planck_constant" title="Planck constant">Planck constant</a> to be exactly <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6966662607015000000♠"></span>6.626<span style="margin-left:.25em;">070</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">15</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−34</sup> kg⋅m<sup>2</sup>⋅s<sup>−1</sup></span>, effectively defining the kilogram in terms of the second and the metre. The new definition took effect on 20 May 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-vox_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vox-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-draft-resolution-A_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-draft-resolution-A-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to the redefinition, the kilogram and several other SI units based on the kilogram were defined by a man-made metal artifact: the <i><a href="/wiki/Kilogramme_des_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilogramme des Archives">Kilogramme des Archives</a></i> from 1799 to 1889, and the IPK from 1889 to 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-vox_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vox-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1960, the <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metre</a>, previously similarly having been defined with reference to a single platinum-iridium bar with two marks on it, was redefined in terms of an invariant physical constant (the wavelength of a particular emission of light emitted by <a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">krypton</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later the <a href="/wiki/Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">speed of light</a>) so that the standard can be independently reproduced in different laboratories by following a written specification. </p><p>At the 94th Meeting of the CIPM in 2005, it was recommended that the same be done with the kilogram.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2010, the CIPM voted to submit a resolution for consideration at the <a href="/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures" title="General Conference on Weights and Measures">General Conference on Weights and Measures</a> (CGPM), to "take note of an intention" that the kilogram be defined in terms of the <a href="/wiki/Planck_constant" title="Planck constant">Planck constant</a>, <span class="texhtml"><i>h</i></span> (which has dimensions of energy times time, thus mass × length<sup>2</sup> / time) together with other physical constants.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-draft_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-draft-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resolution was accepted by the 24th conference of the CGPM<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in October 2011 and further discussed at the 25th conference in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Committee recognised that significant progress had been made, they concluded that the data did not yet appear sufficiently robust to adopt the revised definition, and that work should continue to enable the adoption at the 26th meeting, scheduled for 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such a definition would theoretically permit any apparatus that was capable of delineating the kilogram in terms of the Planck constant to be used as long as it possessed sufficient precision, accuracy and stability. The <a href="/wiki/Kibble_balance" title="Kibble balance">Kibble balance</a> is one way to do this.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of this project, a variety of very <a href="/wiki/Alternative_approaches_to_redefining_the_kilogram" title="Alternative approaches to redefining the kilogram">different technologies and approaches</a> were considered and explored over many years. Some of these approaches were based on equipment and procedures that would enable the reproducible production of new, kilogram-mass prototypes on demand (albeit with extraordinary effort) using measurement techniques and material properties that are ultimately based on, or traceable to, physical constants. Others were based on devices that measured either the acceleration or weight of hand-tuned kilogram test masses and that expressed their magnitudes in electrical terms via special components that permit traceability to physical constants. All approaches depend on converting a weight measurement to a mass and therefore require precise measurement of the strength of gravity in laboratories (<a href="/wiki/Gravimetry" title="Gravimetry">gravimetry</a>). All approaches would have precisely fixed one or more constants of nature at a defined value.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SI_multiples">SI multiples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: SI multiples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(mass)" title="Orders of magnitude (mass)">Orders of magnitude (mass)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Milligram" redirects here. For the American band, see <a href="/wiki/Milligram_(band)" title="Milligram (band)">Milligram (band)</a>. For the Serbian band, see <a href="/wiki/Miligram_(band)" title="Miligram (band)">Miligram (band)</a>. For the horse, see <a href="/wiki/Milligram_(horse)" title="Milligram (horse)">Milligram (horse)</a>.</div> <p>Because an SI unit may not have multiple prefixes (see <a href="/wiki/SI_prefix" class="mw-redirect" title="SI prefix">SI prefix</a>), prefixes are added to <i><a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">gram</a></i>, rather than the base unit <i>kilogram</i>, which already has a prefix as part of its name.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, one-millionth of a kilogram is 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>mg (one milligram), not 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>μkg (one microkilogram). </p> <div style="float:center; margin-left: 1em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <caption>SI multiples of gram (g) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="3">Submultiples </th> <th scope="col" colspan="3">Multiples </th></tr> <tr style="background:#d4d4d4;"> <th scope="col">Value </th> <th scope="col">SI symbol </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Value </th> <th scope="col">SI symbol </th> <th scope="col">Name </th></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−1</sup> g </td> <td>dg </td> <td>decigram </td> <td>10<sup>1</sup> g </td> <td>dag </td> <td>decagram </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−2</sup> g </td> <td>cg </td> <td>centigram </td> <td>10<sup>2</sup> g </td> <td>hg </td> <td>hectogram </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−3</sup> g </td> <td><b>mg</b> </td> <td><b>milligram</b> </td> <td>10<sup>3</sup> g </td> <td><b>kg</b> </td> <td><b>kilogram</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−6</sup> g </td> <td><b>μg</b> </td> <td><b>microgram</b> </td> <td>10<sup>6</sup> g </td> <td><b>Mg</b> </td> <td><b>megagram</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−9</sup> g </td> <td><b>ng</b> </td> <td><b>nanogram</b> </td> <td>10<sup>9</sup> g </td> <td><b>Gg</b> </td> <td><b>gigagram</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−12</sup> g </td> <td><b>pg</b> </td> <td><b>picogram</b> </td> <td>10<sup>12</sup> g </td> <td><b>Tg</b> </td> <td><b>teragram</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−15</sup> g </td> <td>fg </td> <td>femtogram </td> <td>10<sup>15</sup> g </td> <td>Pg </td> <td>petagram </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−18</sup> g </td> <td>ag </td> <td>attogram </td> <td>10<sup>18</sup> g </td> <td>Eg </td> <td>exagram </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−21</sup> g </td> <td>zg </td> <td>zeptogram </td> <td>10<sup>21</sup> g </td> <td>Zg </td> <td>zettagram </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−24</sup> g </td> <td>yg </td> <td>yoctogram </td> <td>10<sup>24</sup> g </td> <td>Yg </td> <td>yottagram </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−27</sup> g </td> <td>rg </td> <td>rontogram </td> <td>10<sup>27</sup> g </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>ronnagram </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>−30</sup> g </td> <td>qg </td> <td>quectogram </td> <td>10<sup>30</sup> g </td> <td>Qg </td> <td>quettagram </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6">Common prefixed units are in bold face.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Practical_issues_with_SI_weight_names">Practical issues with SI weight names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Practical issues with SI weight names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Serious medication errors have been made by confusing milligrams and micrograms when micrograms has been abbreviated.<sup id="cite_ref-SPCG_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPCG-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The abbreviation "mcg" rather than the SI symbol "μg" is formally mandated for medical practitioners in the US by the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Commission_on_Accreditation_of_Healthcare_Organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations">Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations</a> (JCAHO).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United Kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Health_and_Care_Excellence" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence</a> and Scottish Palliative Care Guidelines state that "micrograms" and "nanograms" must both be written in full, and never abbreviated as "mcg" or "μg".<sup id="cite_ref-SPCG_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPCG-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The hectogram (100 g) (Italian: <i>ettogrammo</i> or <i>etto</i>) is a very commonly used unit in the retail food trade in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The former standard spelling and abbreviation "deka-" and "dk" produced abbreviations such as "dkm" (dekametre) and "dkg" (dekagram).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2020,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the abbreviation "dkg" (10 g) is still used in parts of central Europe in retail for some foods such as cheese and meat.<sup id="cite_ref-Czeck_dkg_ham_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Czeck_dkg_ham-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Slovak_dkg_ham_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slovak_dkg_ham-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Czech_dkg_cheese_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Czech_dkg_cheese-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hungarian_menu_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hungarian_menu-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hungarian_dkg_cheese_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hungarian_dkg_cheese-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The unit name <i>megagram</i> is rarely used, and even then typically only in technical fields in contexts where especially rigorous consistency with the SI standard is desired. For most purposes, the name <i><a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonne</a></i> is instead used. The tonne and its symbol, "t", were adopted by the CIPM in 1879. It is a non-SI unit accepted by the BIPM for use with the SI. According to the BIPM, "This unit is sometimes referred to as 'metric ton' in some English-speaking countries."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/25px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/37px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/49px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Physics" title="Portal:Physics">Physics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inertia" title="Inertia">Inertia</a> – Fundamental principle of classical physics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibble_balance" title="Kibble balance">Kibble balance</a> – Electromechanical weight measuring instrument</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilogram-force" title="Kilogram-force">Kilogram-force</a> – Weight on earth of a one-kilogram mass</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_versus_weight" title="Mass versus weight">Mass versus weight</a> – Distinction between mass and weight</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">Metric system</a> – Decimal-based systems of measurement with 7 base units defined by physical constants</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> – Measurement standards laboratory in the United States (NIST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">Newton</a> – Unit of force in physics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_gravity" title="Standard gravity">Standard gravity</a> – Standard gravitational acceleration on Earth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight" title="Weight">Weight</a> – Force on a mass due to gravity</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The avoirdupois pound is part of both <a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">United States customary system of units</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">Imperial system of units</a>. It is <a href="/wiki/International_yard_and_pound" title="International yard and pound">defined as exactly</a> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999453592370000000♠"></span>0.453<span style="margin-left:.25em;">592</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">37</span> kilograms</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The French text (which is the authoritative text) states "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Il n'est pas autorisé d'utiliser des abréviations pour les symboles et noms d'unités ...</i></span>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Criterion: A combined total of at least five occurrences on the <a href="/wiki/British_National_Corpus" title="British National Corpus">British National Corpus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Corpus_of_Contemporary_American_English" title="Corpus of Contemporary American English">Corpus of Contemporary American English</a>, including both the singular and the plural for both the -<i>gram</i> and the -<i>gramme</i> spelling.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130131014115/http://english.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/kilogram">"Kilogram"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionaries</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/kilogram">the original</a> on January 31, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionaries&rft.atitle=Kilogram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fkilogram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kilogram">"Kilogram"</a>. <i>Collins Online Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+Online+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Kilogram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fkilogram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/kilo">Merriam-Mebster definition of Kilo</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIBrochure9thEd-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SIBrochure9thEd_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIBrochure9thEd_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Bureau_of_Weights_and_Measures2019" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/New_SI" class="mw-redirect" title="New SI">International Bureau of Weights and Measures</a> (20 May 2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9.pdf"><i>The International System of Units (SI)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (9th ed.), <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-822-2272-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-822-2272-0"><bdi>978-92-822-2272-0</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018184555/https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41483022/SI-Brochure-9.pdf/fcf090b2-04e6-88cc-1149-c3e029ad8232">archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2021</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+System+of+Units+%28SI%29&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=2019-05-20&rft.isbn=978-92-822-2272-0&rft.au=International+Bureau+of+Weights+and+Measures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Futils%2Fcommon%2Fpdf%2Fsi-brochure%2FSI-Brochure-9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41489673/SI-App2-kilogram.pdf/5881b6b5-668d-5d2b-f12a-0ef8ca437176?version=1.9&t=1637237674882&download=false">"Mise en pratique for the definition of the kilogram in the SI"</a>. <i>BIPM.org</i>. 7 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BIPM.org&rft.atitle=Mise+en+pratique+for+the+definition+of+the+kilogram+in+the+SI&rft.date=2021-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Fdocuments%2F20126%2F41489673%2FSI-App2-kilogram.pdf%2F5881b6b5-668d-5d2b-f12a-0ef8ca437176%3Fversion%3D1.9%26t%3D1637237674882%26download%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vox-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vox_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vox_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vox_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vox_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vox_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFResnick2019" class="citation news cs1">Resnick, Brian (20 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/5/17/18627757/kilogram-redefined-world-metrology-day-explained">"The new kilogram just debuted. It's a massive achievement"</a>. vox.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+new+kilogram+just+debuted.+It%27s+a+massive+achievement.&rft.date=2019-05-20&rft.aulast=Resnick&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fscience-and-health%2F2019%2F5%2F17%2F18627757%2Fkilogram-redefined-world-metrology-day-explained&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-draft-resolution-A-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-draft-resolution-A_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-draft-resolution-A_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/utils/en/pdf/CGPM/Draft-Resolution-A-EN.pdf"><i>Draft Resolution A "On the revision of the International System of units (SI)" to be submitted to the CGPM at its 26th meeting (2018)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210402142630/https://www.bipm.org/utils/en/pdf/CGPM/Draft-Resolution-A-EN.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 April 2021</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Draft+Resolution+A+%22On+the+revision+of+the+International+System+of+units+%28SI%29%22+to+be+submitted+to+the+CGPM+at+its+26th+meeting+%282018%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Futils%2Fen%2Fpdf%2FCGPM%2FDraft-Resolution-A-EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cipm/meeting/105.html">Decision CIPM/105-13 (October 2016)</a>. The day is the 144th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Metre_Convention" title="Metre Convention">Metre Convention</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/">SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI)</a>. BIPM, 9th edition, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The density of water is <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002999972000000000♠"></span>0.999<span style="margin-left:.25em;">972</span> g/cm<sup>3</sup></span> at <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002277133999999999♠"></span>3.984 °C</span>. See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFranks2012" class="citation book cs1">Franks, Felix (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5f_xBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA376"><i>The Physics and Physical Chemistry of Water</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4684-8334-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4684-8334-5"><bdi>978-1-4684-8334-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Physics+and+Physical+Chemistry+of+Water&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4684-8334-5&rft.aulast=Franks&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5f_xBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuytonLavoisierMongeBerthollet1792" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Louis-Bernard_Guyton_de_Morveau" title="Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau">Guyton</a>; <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Lavoisier</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gaspard_Monge" title="Gaspard Monge">Monge</a>; <a href="/wiki/Claude_Louis_Berthollet" title="Claude Louis Berthollet">Berthollet</a>; et al. (1792). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FufDNJHvgFEC&q=18841+grains+grave&pg=RA1-PA278"><i>Annales de chimie ou Recueil de mémoires concernant la chimie et les arts qui en dépendent</i></a>. Vol. <span class="nowrap">15–</span>16. Paris: Chez Joseph de Boffe. p. 277.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annales+de+chimie+ou+Recueil+de+m%C3%A9moires+concernant+la+chimie+et+les+arts+qui+en+d%C3%A9pendent&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=277&rft.pub=Chez+Joseph+de+Boffe&rft.date=1792&rft.au=Guyton&rft.au=Lavoisier&rft.au=Monge&rft.au=Berthollet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFufDNJHvgFEC%26q%3D18841%2Bgrains%2Bgrave%26pg%3DRA1-PA278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Gramme, le poids absolu d'un volume d'eau pure égal au cube de la centième partie du mètre, et à la température de la glace fondante</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zupko-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zupko_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zupko_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZupko1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Edward_Zupko" title="Ronald Edward Zupko">Zupko, Ronald Edward</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_uYCNFkRgXCoC"><i>Revolution in Measurement: Western European Weights and Measures Since the Age of Science</i></a>. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-186-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-186-6"><bdi>978-0-87169-186-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolution+in+Measurement%3A+Western+European+Weights+and+Measures+Since+the+Age+of+Science&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87169-186-6&rft.aulast=Zupko&rft.aufirst=Ronald+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_uYCNFkRgXCoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/378767/Treaty-of-the-Metre">"Treaty of the Metre"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Treaty+of+the+Metre&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2023&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F378767%2FTreaty-of-the-Metre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OED_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OED_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130130180039/http://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry:showfullentry/true?t:ac=Entry/103396">"Kilogram"</a>. <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry:showfullentry/true?t:ac=Entry/103396">the original</a> on 30 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Kilogram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fviewdictionaryentry%3Ashowfullentry%2Ftrue%3Ft%3Aac%3DEntry%2F103396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFowlersFowler1964" class="citation book cs1">Fowlers, HW; Fowler, FG (1964). <i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary</i>. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Oxford+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=The+Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Fowlers&rft.aufirst=HW&rft.au=Fowler%2C+FG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span> Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">γράμμα</span></span> (as it were <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%86%CF%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:γράφω">γράφ</a>-<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%CE%BC%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:-μα">μα</a></span></span>, Doric <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">γράθμα</span></span>) means "something written, a letter", but it came to be used as a unit of weight, apparently equal to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035" /><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">24</span></span>⁠</span> of an <a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">ounce</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035" /><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">288</span></span>⁠</span> of a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)#Roman_libra" title="Pound (mass)">libra</a></i></span>, which would correspond to about 1.14 grams in modern units), at some time during Late Antiquity. French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">gramme</i></span> was adopted from Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">gramma</i></span>, itself quite obscure, but found in the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Carmen de ponderibus et mensuris</i></span> (8.25) attributed by <a href="/wiki/Remmius_Palaemon" title="Remmius Palaemon">Remmius Palaemon</a> (fl. 1st century), where it is the weight of two <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Obolus" class="mw-redirect" title="Obolus">oboli</a></i></span> (Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, <i>A Latin Dictionary</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dgramma2">s.v. "gramma"</a>, 1879). Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek-English_Lexicon" class="mw-redirect" title="A Greek-English Lexicon">A Greek-English Lexicon</a></i> (revised and augmented edition, Oxford, 1940) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=gra/mma">s.v. γράμμα</a>, citing the 10th-century work <i><a href="/wiki/Geoponica" title="Geoponica">Geoponica</a></i> and a 4th-century papyrus edited in L. Mitteis, <i>Griechische Urkunden der Papyrussammlung zu Leipzig</i>, vol. i (1906), 62 ii 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/france/1793mesures.htm">"Décret relatif aux poids et aux mesures du 18 germinal an 3 (7 avril 1795)"</a> [Decree of 18 Germinal, year III (April 7, 1795) regarding weights and measures]. <i>Grandes lois de la République</i> (in French). Digithèque de matériaux juridiques et politiques, Université de Perpignan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grandes+lois+de+la+R%C3%A9publique&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9cret+relatif+aux+poids+et+aux+mesures+du+18+germinal+an+3+%287+avril+1795%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmjp.univ-perp.fr%2Ffrance%2F1793mesures.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr">Convention nationale, décret du 1<sup>er</sup> août 1793, ed. Duvergier, <i>Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, règlemens avis du Conseil d'état, publiée sur les éditions officielles du Louvre</i></span></span>, vol. 6 (2nd ed. 1834), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0mYZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA70">p. 70</a>. The <i>metre</i> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">mètre</i></span>) on which this definition depends was itself defined as the ten-millionth part of a quarter of Earth's <a href="/wiki/Meridian_(geography)" title="Meridian (geography)">meridian</a>, given in <a href="/wiki/Units_of_measurement_in_France_before_the_French_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Units of measurement in France before the French Revolution">traditional units</a> as 3 <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">pieds</a></i></span>, 11.44 <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">lignes</i></span> (a <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">ligne</i></span> being the 12th part of a <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pouce</i></span> (inch), or the 144th part of a <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pied</i></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeltier,_Jean-Gabriel1795" class="citation journal cs1">Peltier, Jean-Gabriel (1795). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=24QCAAAAYAAJ&q=kilogramme+weights&pg=PA557">"Paris, during the year 1795"</a>. <i>Monthly Review</i>. <b>17</b>: 556<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Review&rft.atitle=Paris%2C+during+the+year+1795&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=556&rft.date=1795&rft.au=Peltier%2C+Jean-Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D24QCAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dkilogramme%2Bweights%26pg%3DPA557&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span> Contemporaneous English translation of the French decree of 1795</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1985/72/section/92">"Spelling of "gram", etc"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Acts_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Acts of the United Kingdom">Weights and Measures Act 1985</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Public_Sector_Information" title="Office of Public Sector Information">Her Majesty's Stationery Office</a>. 30 October 1985<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weights+and+Measures+Act+1985&rft.atitle=Spelling+of+%22gram%22%2C+etc&rft.date=1985-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1985%2F72%2Fsection%2F92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/103394">"kilo (n1)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1989<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=kilo+%28n1%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fviewdictionaryentry%2FEntry%2F103394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/103395">"kilo (n2)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1989<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=kilo+%28n2%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fviewdictionaryentry%2FEntry%2F103395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701053545/http://www.frzee.com/Education/The%20Economist%20Style%20Guide.pdf">"Style Guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 7 January 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frzee.com/Education/The%20Economist%20Style%20Guide.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Style+Guide&rft.date=2002-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frzee.com%2FEducation%2FThe%2520Economist%2520Style%2520Guide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2guides/guides/wrtps/index-eng.html?lang=eng&lettr=indx_catlog_k&page=96vUJlKx4UCA.html">"kilogram, kg, kilo"</a>. <i>Termium Plus</i>. Government of Canada. 8 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Termium+Plus&rft.atitle=kilogram%2C+kg%2C+kilo&rft.date=2009-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca%2Ftpv2guides%2Fguides%2Fwrtps%2Findex-eng.html%3Flang%3Deng%26lettr%3Dindx_catlog_k%26page%3D96vUJlKx4UCA.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111116205434/http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/dictK.html">"kilo"</a>. <i>How Many?</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/dictK.html">the original</a> on 16 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=How+Many%3F&rft.atitle=kilo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unc.edu%2F~rowlett%2Funits%2FdictK.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF29th_Congress_of_the_United_States,_Session_11866" class="citation web cs1">29th Congress of the United States, Session 1 (13 May 1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150705015307/http://lamar.colostate.edu/~hillger/laws/metric-act-bill.html">"H.R. 596, An Act to authorize the use of the metric system of weights and measures"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lamar.colostate.edu/~hillger/laws/metric-act-bill.html">the original</a> on 5 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H.R.+596%2C+An+Act+to+authorize+the+use+of+the+metric+system+of+weights+and+measures&rft.date=1866-05-13&rft.au=29th+Congress+of+the+United+States%2C+Session+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flamar.colostate.edu%2F~hillger%2Flaws%2Fmetric-act-bill.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111015081850/http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/SIFedReg.pdf">"Metric System of Measurement:Interpretation of the International System of Units for the United States; Notice"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a></i>. <b>63</b> (144): 40340. July 28, 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/SIFedReg.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 15, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2011</span>. <q><b>Obsolete Units</b> As stated in the 1990 Federal Register notice, ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+Register&rft.atitle=Metric+System+of+Measurement%3AInterpretation+of+the+International+System+of+Units+for+the+United+States%3B+Notice&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=144&rft.pages=40340&rft.date=1998-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2Fcuu%2Fpdf%2FSIFedReg.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Bureau_of_Weights_and_Measures2006" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/International_Bureau_of_Weights_and_Measures" title="International Bureau of Weights and Measures">International Bureau of Weights and Measures</a> (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41483022/si_brochure_8.pdf"><i>The International System of Units (SI)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (8th ed.), p. 130, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-822-2213-6" title="Special:BookSources/92-822-2213-6"><bdi>92-822-2213-6</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210604163219/https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41483022/si_brochure_8.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+System+of+Units+%28SI%29&rft.pages=130&rft.edition=8th&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=92-822-2213-6&rft.au=International+Bureau+of+Weights+and+Measures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Fdocuments%2F20126%2F41483022%2Fsi_brochure_8.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPallab_Ghosh2018" class="citation news cs1">Pallab Ghosh (16 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46143399">"Kilogram gets a new definition"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Kilogram+gets+a+new+definition&rft.date=2018-11-16&rft.au=Pallab+Ghosh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-46143399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Bureau_of_Weights_and_Measures2006" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/International_Bureau_of_Weights_and_Measures" title="International Bureau of Weights and Measures">International Bureau of Weights and Measures</a> (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41483022/si_brochure_8.pdf"><i>The International System of Units (SI)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (8th ed.), p. 112, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-822-2213-6" title="Special:BookSources/92-822-2213-6"><bdi>92-822-2213-6</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210604163219/https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41483022/si_brochure_8.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+System+of+Units+%28SI%29&rft.pages=112&rft.edition=8th&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=92-822-2213-6&rft.au=International+Bureau+of+Weights+and+Measures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Fdocuments%2F20126%2F41483022%2Fsi_brochure_8.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation conference cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/cc/CIPM/Allowed/94/CIPM-Recom1CI-2005-EN.pdf"><i>Recommendation 1: Preparative steps towards new definitions of the kilogram, the ampere, the kelvin and the mole in terms of fundamental constants</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 94th meeting of the International Committee for Weights and Measures. October 2005. p. 233. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070630011658/https://www.bipm.org/cc/CIPM/Allowed/94/CIPM-Recom1CI-2005-EN.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 30 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Recommendation+1%3A+Preparative+steps+towards+new+definitions+of+the+kilogram%2C+the+ampere%2C+the+kelvin+and+the+mole+in+terms+of+fundamental+constants&rft.pages=233&rft.date=2005-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Fcc%2FCIPM%2FAllowed%2F94%2FCIPM-Recom1CI-2005-EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/20101026_si.cfm">"NIST Backs Proposal for a Revamped System of Measurement Units"</a>. <i>NIST</i>. Nist.gov. 26 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIST&rft.atitle=NIST+Backs+Proposal+for+a+Revamped+System+of+Measurement+Units&rft.date=2010-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fpml%2Fwmd%2F20101026_si.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-draft-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-draft_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIan_Mills2010" class="citation web cs1">Ian Mills (29 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/utils/en/pdf/si_brochure_draft_ch2.pdf">"Draft Chapter 2 for SI Brochure, following redefinitions of the base units"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. CCU<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Draft+Chapter+2+for+SI+Brochure%2C+following+redefinitions+of+the+base+units&rft.pub=CCU&rft.date=2010-09-29&rft.au=Ian+Mills&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Futils%2Fen%2Fpdf%2Fsi_brochure_draft_ch2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation conference cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/utils/en/pdf/24_CGPM_Resolution_1.pdf"><i>Resolution 1 – On the possible future revision of the International System of Units, the SI</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 24th meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures. Sèvres, France. 17–21 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Resolution+1+%E2%80%93+On+the+possible+future+revision+of+the+International+System+of+Units%2C+the+SI&rft.place=S%C3%A8vres%2C+France&rft.date=2011-10-17%2F2011-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Futils%2Fen%2Fpdf%2F24_CGPM_Resolution_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/en/CGPM/db/25/1/">"BIPM – Resolution 1 of the 25th CGPM"</a>. <i>www.bipm.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bipm.org&rft.atitle=BIPM+%E2%80%93+Resolution+1+of+the+25th+CGPM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Fen%2FCGPM%2Fdb%2F25%2F1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/utils/en/pdf/Press_release_resolution_1_CGPM.pdf">"General Conference on Weights and Measures approves possible changes to the International System of Units, including redefinition of the kilogram"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). Sèvres, France: <a href="/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures" title="General Conference on Weights and Measures">General Conference on Weights and Measures</a>. 23 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Conference+on+Weights+and+Measures+approves+possible+changes+to+the+International+System+of+Units%2C+including+redefinition+of+the+kilogram.&rft.place=S%C3%A8vres%2C+France&rft.pub=General+Conference+on+Weights+and+Measures&rft.date=2011-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Futils%2Fen%2Fpdf%2FPress_release_resolution_1_CGPM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobinsonSchlamminger2016" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, Ian A.; Schlamminger, Stephan (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8752041">"The watt or Kibble balance: A technique for implementing the new SI definition of the unit of mass"</a>. <i>Metrologia</i>. <b>53</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">A46 –</span> <span class="nowrap">A74</span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Metro..53A..46R">2016Metro..53A..46R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0026-1394%2F53%2F5%2FA46">10.1088/0026-1394/53/5/A46</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8752041">8752041</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35023879">35023879</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metrologia&rft.atitle=The+watt+or+Kibble+balance%3A+A+technique+for+implementing+the+new+SI+definition+of+the+unit+of+mass&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3EA46+-%3C%2Fspan%3E+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3EA74%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8752041%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35023879&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0026-1394%2F53%2F5%2FA46&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016Metro..53A..46R&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Ian+A.&rft.au=Schlamminger%2C+Stephan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8752041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BIPM: SI Brochure: Section 3.2, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/section3-2.html">The kilogram</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160329162832/http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/section3-2.html">Archived</a> March 29, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPCG-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SPCG_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SPCG_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180710152658/http://www.palliativecareguidelines.scot.nhs.uk/guidelines/about-the-guidelines/pharmacological-considerations/prescribing-information-for-liquid-medicines.aspx">"Prescribing Information for Liquid Medicines"</a>. <i>Scottish Palliative Care Guidelines</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palliativecareguidelines.scot.nhs.uk/guidelines/about-the-guidelines/pharmacological-considerations/prescribing-information-for-liquid-medicines.aspx">the original</a> on 10 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scottish+Palliative+Care+Guidelines&rft.atitle=Prescribing+Information+for+Liquid+Medicines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palliativecareguidelines.scot.nhs.uk%2Fguidelines%2Fabout-the-guidelines%2Fpharmacological-considerations%2Fprescribing-information-for-liquid-medicines.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150915012112/http://www.aapmr.org/practice/guidelines/Pages/New-Joint-Commission-symbols.aspx">"New Joint Commission "Do Not Use" List: Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols"</a>. American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aapmr.org/practice/guidelines/Pages/New-Joint-Commission-symbols.aspx">the original</a> on 15 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Joint+Commission+%22Do+Not+Use%22+List%3A+Abbreviations%2C+Acronyms%2C+and+Symbols&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Physical+Medicine+and+Rehabilitation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapmr.org%2Fpractice%2Fguidelines%2FPages%2FNew-Joint-Commission-symbols.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bnf.nice.org.uk/medicines-guidance/prescription-writing/">"Prescription writing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Health_and_Care_Excellence" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prescription+writing&rft.pub=National+Institute+for+Health+and+Care+Excellence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbnf.nice.org.uk%2Fmedicines-guidance%2Fprescription-writing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tom Stobart, <i>The Cook's Encyclopedia</i>, 1981, p. 525</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.J. Kinder, V.M. Savini, <i>Using Italian: A Guide to Contemporary Usage</i>, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521485568" title="Special:BookSources/0521485568">0521485568</a>, p. 231</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giacomo Devoto, Gian Carlo Oli, <i>Nuovo vocabolario illustrato della lingua italiana</i>, 1987, <i>s.v.</i> 'ètto': "frequentissima nell'uso comune: <i>un e. di caffè, un e. di mortadella; formaggio a 2000 lire l'etto</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. National Bureau of Standards, <i>The International Metric System of Weights and Measures</i>, "Official Abbreviations of International Metric Units", 1932, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ujwM_fwA9lEC&pg=PA13">p. 13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Czeck_dkg_ham-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Czeck_dkg_ham_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200616032253/https://eshop.rancherskespeciality.cz/Jestrebicka-hovezi-sunka-10-dkg-d189.htm">"Jestřebická hovězí šunka 10 dkg | Rancherské speciality"</a>. <i>eshop.rancherskespeciality.cz</i> (in Czech). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eshop.rancherskespeciality.cz/Jestrebicka-hovezi-sunka-10-dkg-d189.htm">the original</a> on 16 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eshop.rancherskespeciality.cz&rft.atitle=Jest%C5%99ebick%C3%A1+hov%C4%9Bz%C3%AD+%C5%A1unka+10+dkg+%7C+Ranchersk%C3%A9+speciality&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feshop.rancherskespeciality.cz%2FJestrebicka-hovezi-sunka-10-dkg-d189.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slovak_dkg_ham-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Slovak_dkg_ham_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200616033111/http://farmabusoveshop.sk/sedliacka-sunka-1-dkg">"Sedliacka šunka 1 dkg | Gazdovský dvor – Farma Busov Gaboltov"</a>. <i>Sedliacka šunka 1 dkg</i> (in Slovak). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://farmabusoveshop.sk/sedliacka-sunka-1-dkg">the original</a> on 16 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sedliacka+%C5%A1unka+1+dkg&rft.atitle=Sedliacka+%C5%A1unka+1+dkg+%7C+Gazdovsk%C3%BD+dvor+%E2%80%93+Farma+Busov+Gaboltov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffarmabusoveshop.sk%2Fsedliacka-sunka-1-dkg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Czech_dkg_cheese-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Czech_dkg_cheese_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200616033522/http://www.e-farmarsketrhy.cz/syry-z-kravskeho-mleka/syr-bazalkovy">"sýr bazalkový – Farmářské Trhy"</a>. <i>www.e-farmarsketrhy.cz</i> (in Czech). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-farmarsketrhy.cz/syry-z-kravskeho-mleka/syr-bazalkovy">the original</a> on 16 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.e-farmarsketrhy.cz&rft.atitle=s%C3%BDr+bazalkov%C3%BD+%E2%80%93+Farm%C3%A1%C5%99sk%C3%A9+Trhy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-farmarsketrhy.cz%2Fsyry-z-kravskeho-mleka%2Fsyr-bazalkovy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hungarian_menu-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hungarian_menu_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200616034445/http://www.mediterrangrill.hu/english-menu/">"English Menu – Cafe Mediterran"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediterrangrill.hu/english-menu/">the original</a> on 16 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2020</span>. <q>Beef steak 20 dkg; Beef steak 40 dkg;Thick crust 35 dkg</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=English+Menu+%E2%80%93+Cafe+Mediterran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediterrangrill.hu%2Fenglish-menu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hungarian_dkg_cheese-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hungarian_dkg_cheese_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200616035724/https://csizsajtmuhely.hu/sajtrendeles/">"Termékek – Csíz Sajtműhely"</a> (in Hungarian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://csizsajtmuhely.hu/sajtrendeles/">the original</a> on 16 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Term%C3%A9kek+%E2%80%93+Cs%C3%ADz+Sajtm%C5%B1hely&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcsizsajtmuhely.hu%2Fsajtrendeles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Non-SI units that are accepted for use with the SI</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure/">SI Brochure: Section 4 (Table 8)</a>, BIPM</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kilogram" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kilogram">Kilogram</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="width: 40%; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> NIST: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patapsco.nist.gov/imagegallery/retrieve.cfm?imageid=49&dpi=72&fileformat=jpg">K20, the US National Prototype Kilogram</a> resting on an egg crate fluorescent light panel</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> BIPM: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215612/http://www.bipm.org/en/scientific/mass/pictures_mass/cleaning.html">Steam cleaning a 1 kg prototype before a mass comparison</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> BIPM: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926221138/http://www.bipm.org/en/scientific/mass/pictures_mass/vault.html">The IPK and its six sister copies in their vault</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> The Age: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/ffximage/2007/06/14/rgN1506_csiro_wideweb__470x343,0.jpg">Silicon sphere for the Avogadro Project</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> NPL: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npl.co.uk/content/conMediaFile/1083">The NPL's Watt Balance project</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> NIST: This particular <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.nist.gov/object.asp?ObjID=51">Rueprecht Balance</a>, an Austrian-made precision balance, was used by the NIST from 1945 until 1960</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> BIPM: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215949/http://www.bipm.org/en/scientific/mass/research_mass/flexure-strip.html">The FB‑2 flexure-strip balance</a>, the BIPM's modern precision balance featuring a standard deviation of one ten-billionth of a kilogram (0.1<span class="nowrap"> </span>μg)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> BIPM: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926220910/http://www.bipm.org/en/scientific/mass/pictures_mass/mettler.html">Mettler HK1000 balance</a>, featuring 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>μg resolution and a 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>kg maximum mass. Also used by NIST and Sandia National Laboratories' Primary Standards Laboratory</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> Micro-g LaCoste: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microglacoste.com/images/FG5.small.jpg">FG‑5 absolute gravimeter</a>, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microglacoste.com/images/fg5schem.jpg">diagram</a>), used in national laboratories to measure gravity to 2<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Gal_(acceleration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gal (acceleration)">μGal</a> accuracy</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/electrokilogram.cfm">NIST Improves Accuracy of 'Watt Balance' Method for Defining the Kilogram</a></li> <li>The UK's National Physical Laboratory (NPL): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160323212037/http://www.npl.co.uk/reference/faqs/are-any-problems-caused-by-having-the-kilogram-defined-in-terms-of-a-physical-artefact-(faq-mass-and-density)">Are any problems caused by having the kilogram defined in terms of a physical artefact? (FAQ – Mass & Density)</a></li> <li>NPL: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npl.co.uk/science-technology/mass-and-force/research/npl-kibble-balance">NPL Kibble balance</a></i></li> <li>Metrology in France: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.french-metrology.com/en/feature/watt-balance.asp">Watt balance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140319084923/http://www.french-metrology.com/en/feature/watt-balance.asp">Archived</a> March 19, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></li> <li>Australian National Measurement Institute: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.measurement.gov.au/SCIENCETECHNOLOGY/Pages/MassandRelatedQuantities.aspx">Redefining the kilogram through the Avogadro constant</a></i></li> <li>International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/en/home/">Home page</a></li> <li>NZZ Folio: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzzfolio.ch/www/d80bd71b-b264-4db4-afd0-277884b93470/showarticle/fb0ba22e-46b7-43a5-8320-ef16483b7e91.aspx">What a kilogram really weighs</a></i></li> <li>NPL: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npl.co.uk/reference/faqs/what-are-the-differences-between-mass,-weight,-force-and-load-(faq-mass-and-density)">What are the differences between mass, weight, force and load?</a></i></li> <li>BBC: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7084099.stm">Getting the measure of a kilogram</a></i></li> <li>NPR: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=112003322">This Kilogram Has A Weight-Loss Problem</a></i>, an interview with <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> physicist Richard Steiner</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717124427/http://www.inrim.it/Nah/Web_Nah/home.htm">Avogadro and molar Planck constants for the redefinition of the kilogram</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160513163237/http://www.inrim.it/know/">Realization of the awaited definition of the kilogram</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSample2018" class="citation news cs1">Sample, Ian (9 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/nov/09/in-the-balance-scientists-vote-on-first-change-to-kilogram-in-century">"In the balance: scientists vote on first change to kilogram in a century"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=In+the+balance%3A+scientists+vote+on+first+change+to+kilogram+in+a+century&rft.date=2018-11-09&rft.aulast=Sample&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2018%2Fnov%2F09%2Fin-the-balance-scientists-vote-on-first-change-to-kilogram-in-century&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKilogram" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Videos">Videos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Videos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/thebipm">The BIPM</a> – <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> channel</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhgb23tAFFs">"The role of the Planck constant in physics" – presentation at 26th CGPM meeting at Versailles, France, November 2018 when voting on superseding the IPK took place</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="SI_units303" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SI_units" title="Template:SI units"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SI_units" title="Template talk:SI units"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SI_units" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SI units"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="SI_units303" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">SI units</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SI_base_unit" title="SI base unit">Base units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">ampere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candela" title="Candela">candela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">kilogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_(unit)" title="Mole (unit)">mole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SI_derived_unit" title="SI derived unit">Derived units <br />with special names</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">becquerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">degree Celsius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farad" title="Farad">farad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_(unit)" title="Gray (unit)">gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(unit)" title="Henry (unit)">henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katal" title="Katal">katal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumen_(unit)" title="Lumen (unit)">lumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lux" title="Lux">lux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohm" title="Ohm">ohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radian" title="Radian">radian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unit)" title="Siemens (unit)">siemens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sievert" title="Sievert">sievert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steradian" title="Steradian">steradian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_(unit)" title="Tesla (unit)">tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weber_(unit)" title="Weber (unit)">weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-SI units mentioned in the SI">Other accepted units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">astronomical unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)">dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">decibel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">degree of arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">electronvolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">minute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute_and_second_of_arc" title="Minute and second of arc">minute and second of arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper" title="Neper">neper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_units" title="Conversion of units">Conversion of units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_prefix" title="Metric prefix">Metric prefixes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_definitions_of_the_SI_base_units" title="Historical definitions of the SI base units">Historical definitions of the SI base units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_revision_of_the_SI" title="2019 revision of the SI">2019 revision of the SI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_of_units_of_measurement" title="System of units of measurement">System of units of measurement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:SI_units" title="Category:SI units">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox581" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11570#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4163779-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2007003156">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007556931505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&oldid=1272768486">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&oldid=1272768486</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:SI_base_units" title="Category:SI base units">SI base units</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Units_of_mass" title="Category:Units of mass">Units of mass</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1000_(number)" title="Category:1000 (number)">1000 (number)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Czech-language_sources_(cs)" title="Category:CS1 Czech-language sources (cs)">CS1 Czech-language sources (cs)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Slovak-language_sources_(sk)" title="Category:CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)">CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hungarian-language_sources_(hu)" title="Category:CS1 Hungarian-language sources (hu)">CS1 Hungarian-language sources (hu)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2024">Use dmy dates from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2020" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_external_media_template_with_no_first_item" title="Category:Pages using the external media template with no first item">Pages using the external media template with no first item</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 January 2025, at 04:11<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kilogram&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kilogram</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>153 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-58c4b96c94-wck9g","wgBackendResponseTime":170,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.425","walltime":"1.758","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8429,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":162509,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":18643,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":184035,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1606.566 1 -total"," 28.82% 463.087 2 Template:Reflist"," 13.36% 214.601 31 Template:Lang"," 12.11% 194.601 19 Template:Cite_web"," 7.73% 124.230 2 Template:Infobox"," 7.14% 114.689 1 Template:Infobox_unit"," 6.45% 103.557 1 Template:SI_units"," 6.28% 100.875 1 Template:Navbox"," 5.75% 92.368 9 Template:Annotated_link"," 4.88% 78.457 1 Template:Transl"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.890","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21784198,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6d78b94fdf-7wq84","timestamp":"20250320224804","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Kilogram","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kilogram","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11570","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11570","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-12T17:23:43Z","dateModified":"2025-01-30T04:11:52Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ef\/Poids_fonte_5_kg_%C3%A0_2_hg_02.jpg","headline":"metric unit of mass"}</script> </body> </html>