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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera_e_pensiero" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera_e_pensiero"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Opera e pensiero</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opera_e_pensiero-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Opera e pensiero</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Opera_e_pensiero-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pensiero" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pensiero"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pensiero</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pensiero-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Libri_del_De_republica_emendanda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libri_del_De_republica_emendanda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Libri del <i>De republica emendanda</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libri_del_De_republica_emendanda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 17 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%8A%DA%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89" title="اندرزيچ فريكز مودرزيوسكى - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اندرزيچ فريكز مودرزيوسكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Анджэй Фрыч-Маджэўскі - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Анджэй Фрыч-Маджэўскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Анджей Фрич Моджевски - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Анджей Фрич Моджевски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%BB%D5%A5%D5%B5_%D5%96%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B9-%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%BB%D6%87%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%AB" title="Անջեյ Ֆրիչ-Մոջևսկի - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անջեյ Ֆրիչ-Մոջևսկի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Fricius_Modrevius" title="Andreas Fricius Modrevius - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Andreas Fricius Modrevius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Фрыч-Моджевский, Анджей - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фрыч-Моджевский, Анджей" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Анджей Фрич Моджевський - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Анджей Фрич Моджевський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B0%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%9D%B0%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="安杰伊·弗雷奇·莫杰夫斯基 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="安杰伊·弗雷奇·莫杰夫斯基" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q728305#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine 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</nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139517313">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola"> <p>«Senza le leggi non ci può essere la vera libertà.» </p> </div><p class="itwiki-template-citazione-footer">(<small>Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski, <i>De legibus</i></small>)</p></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski.JPG/220px-Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski.JPG/330px-Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski.JPG/440px-Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1460" data-file-height="1692" /></a><figcaption>Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski</b>, in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">latino</a> <b>Andreas Fricius Modrevius</b> (<a href="/wiki/Wolb%C3%B3rz" title="Wolbórz">Wolbórz</a>, <a href="/wiki/20_settembre" title="20 settembre">20 settembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1503" title="1503">1503</a> – <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>), è stato un <a href="/wiki/Filosofo" title="Filosofo">filosofo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teologo" title="Teologo">teologo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Scrittore" title="Scrittore">scrittore</a> <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">polacco</a> definito nel <a href="/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo">XIX secolo</a> <i>il padre della <a href="/wiki/Democrazia" title="Democrazia">democrazia</a> in Polonia</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nato a <a href="/wiki/Wolb%C3%B3rz" title="Wolbórz">Wolbórz</a>, un piccolo paesino della <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a> centrale, vicino alla città di <a href="/wiki/Piotrk%C3%B3w_Trybunalski" title="Piotrków Trybunalski">Piotrków Trybunalski</a>, da un certo Jakub Modrzewski (<a href="/wiki/1477" title="1477">1477</a>-<a href="/wiki/1529" title="1529">1529</a>), di professione mercante, crebbe negli ambiti dell'alta <a href="/wiki/Borghesia" title="Borghesia">borghesia</a>, al contrario di molti altri autori dell'epoca, come <a href="/wiki/Filip_Callimachus" class="mw-redirect" title="Filip Callimachus">Filip Callimachus</a> o <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Birkowski" title="Fabian Birkowski">Fabian Birkowski</a>, che venivano dalla <a href="/wiki/Nobilt%C3%A0" title="Nobiltà">nobiltà</a>. Ottenne il titolo di <i>advocatus</i> di Wolbórz, dopo aver studiato all'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Jagellonica" title="Università Jagellonica">Università Jagellonica</a> di <a href="/wiki/Cracovia" title="Cracovia">Cracovia</a>. Fu poi al servizio di un certo Jan Łaski (<a href="/wiki/1456" title="1456">1456</a>-<a href="/wiki/1531" title="1531">1531</a>), che era stato segretario di re <a href="/wiki/Casimiro_IV_di_Polonia" title="Casimiro IV di Polonia">Casimiro IV</a> sino al 7 giugno <a href="/wiki/1492" title="1492">1492</a>, data della morte del sovrano, dal <a href="/wiki/1508" title="1508">1508</a> al <a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a> <a href="/wiki/Vescovo_coadiutore" title="Vescovo coadiutore">vescovo coadiutore</a> di <a href="/wiki/Leopoli" title="Leopoli">Leopoli</a> (che all'epoca faceva parte della <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a>) e infine <a href="/wiki/Arcivescovo_di_Gniezno" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcivescovo di Gniezno">arcivescovo di Gniezno</a>, città situata nel <a href="/wiki/Voivodato_della_Grande_Polonia" title="Voivodato della Grande Polonia">Voivodato della Grande Polonia</a>. Lavorando per Łaski, si appassionò di <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologia</a>. Lavorò poi per il figlio, Łaski detto <i>il giovane</i>. </p><p>Visse per un po' di tempo in <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>, dove approfondì le proprie conoscenze teologiche alla Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-<a href="/wiki/Wittenberg" title="Wittenberg">Wittenberg</a> (che ovviamente all'epoca non si chiamava così) e dove conobbe <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lutero" title="Martin Lutero">Martin Lutero</a>, padre del <a href="/wiki/Protestantesimo" title="Protestantesimo">protestantesimo</a>, e altri illustri teologi. Pare che incontrò anche il grande <a href="/wiki/Erasmo_da_Rotterdam" title="Erasmo da Rotterdam">Erasmo da Rotterdam</a>, forse il maggior teologo dell'epoca. </p><p>Tornato in <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1541" title="1541">1541</a>, divenne nel <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a> membro della corte di re <a href="/wiki/Sigismondo_II_Augusto_di_Polonia" title="Sigismondo II Augusto di Polonia">Sigismondo II</a>, poi, nel <a href="/wiki/1553" title="1553">1553</a>, tornò al paese natale. Tuttavia l'accoglienza non fu delle migliori, poiché la comunità era fortemente legata al <a href="/wiki/Cattolicesimo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattolicesimo">cattolicesimo</a>, mentre Modrzewski era vicino al <a href="/wiki/Calvinismo" title="Calvinismo">calvinismo</a> e alle predicazioni di <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Calvino" title="Giovanni Calvino">Giovanni Calvino</a>, che imprudentemente volle insegnare ai giovani. Fu accusato di <a href="/wiki/Eresia" title="Eresia">eresia</a>, ma non poté esser condannato perché il Re stesso intervenne con una lettera chiedendo la sua salvezza. Si presuppone dunque che sia morto per cause naturali. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opera_e_pensiero">Opera e pensiero</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Opera e pensiero" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Opera e pensiero"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andreae_Fricii_Modreuij_Commentariorum_de_Republica_emendanda_Libri_quinque_1554_(46355727)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Andreae_Fricii_Modreuij_Commentariorum_de_Republica_emendanda_Libri_quinque_1554_%2846355727%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-Andreae_Fricii_Modreuij_Commentariorum_de_Republica_emendanda_Libri_quinque_1554_%2846355727%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="454" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Andreae_Fricii_Modreuij_Commentariorum_de_Republica_emendanda_Libri_quinque_1554_%2846355727%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/390px-Andreae_Fricii_Modreuij_Commentariorum_de_Republica_emendanda_Libri_quinque_1554_%2846355727%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Andreae_Fricii_Modreuij_Commentariorum_de_Republica_emendanda_Libri_quinque_1554_%2846355727%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/520px-Andreae_Fricii_Modreuij_Commentariorum_de_Republica_emendanda_Libri_quinque_1554_%2846355727%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3903" data-file-height="6817" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pensiero">Pensiero</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Pensiero" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Pensiero"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avendo studiato le grandi culture classiche e in particolare il <a href="/wiki/Diritto_latino" title="Diritto latino">diritto latino</a>, Modrzewski ne prese spunto per rinnovare la società, per essere come i grandi riformatori dell'epoca, ma non per abbattere il sistema della <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_cattolica" title="Chiesa cattolica">Chiesa cattolica</a>, nonostante fosse <a href="/wiki/Calvinismo" title="Calvinismo">calvinista</a>. Nonostante le buone intenzioni, non riuscì a ottenere grandi risultati sotto questo aspetto, ma l'efficacia delle sue orazioni e gli studi dedicatogli durante <a href="/wiki/Illuminismo" title="Illuminismo">illuminismo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Romanticismo" title="Romanticismo">romanticismo</a> fecero sì che meritasse l'appellativo di <i>padre della Democrazia in Polonia</i>. </p><p>Modrzewski è ricordato soprattutto per aver sostenuto la fondazione di una <a href="/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia">monarchia</a> forte, che si facesse garante dei diritti di tutti, nobili e poveri, mercanti e braccianti. Non voleva quindi né la <a href="/wiki/Repubblica" title="Repubblica">repubblica</a> né tantomeno la <a href="/wiki/Lotta_di_classe" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotta di classe">lotta di classe</a>. Fu accanito sostenitore dell'uguaglianza di tutti di fronte alla <a href="/wiki/Legge" title="Legge">legge</a> - su questo argomento è interamente dedicato il primo libro della sua opera <i>De republica emendanda</i>: il <i>Lascius sive de poena homicidii</i>. Ha inoltre sostenuto le proteste dei contadini contro i salari troppo bassi e l'eccessivo sfruttamento da parte dei <a href="/wiki/Feudo" title="Feudo">feudatari</a>: secondo Modrzewski, inoltre, tutti i terreni dovevano essere delle città (e quindi del re), casomai gestiti dai nobili: non di loro proprietà. </p><p>Richiese una maggiore attenzione verso la <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">cultura</a>, lo studio del <a href="/wiki/Diritto" title="Diritto">diritto</a> e della <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologia</a>, ma di tante richieste Re Sigismondo II, che comunque aveva subito il fascino della sua cultura, non ne volle realizzare nemmeno una. </p><p>Riguardo alla <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_(comunit%C3%A0)" title="Chiesa (comunità)">Chiesa</a>, ha sostenuto che dovesse modernizzarsi e restare aperta alle altre possibili interpretazioni della <a href="/wiki/Bibbia" title="Bibbia">Bibbia</a>. Oggi lo ricordiamo soprattutto per questo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opera">Opera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Opera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Opera"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le sue opere più importanti e, forse, le uniche pervenuteci, sono racchiuse nella raccolta <i>De republica emendanda</i>, trattato strutturato in cinque libri. I primi tre furono pubblicati a <a href="/wiki/Cracovia" title="Cracovia">Cracovia</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1551" title="1551">1551</a>, gli altri due a <a href="/wiki/Basilea" title="Basilea">Basilea</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Svizzera" title="Svizzera">Svizzera</a>, patria del <a href="/wiki/Calvinismo" title="Calvinismo">calvinismo</a>, nel <a href="/wiki/1553" title="1553">1553</a>. Costituiscono il più importante contributo <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologico</a> di un autore <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">polacco</a> del <a href="/wiki/XVI_secolo" title="XVI secolo">XVI secolo</a> e, forse, di tutti i tempi. </p><p>Il primo di questi cinque libri, il <i>Lascius sive de poena homicidii</i> (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_polacca" title="Lingua polacca">polacco</a> <i>Łaski albo o karze za mężobójstwo</i>), Modrzewski (<a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">latinizzatosi</a> <b>Modrevius</b>) critica la disuguaglianza delle classi sociali di fronte alla <a href="/wiki/Legge" title="Legge">legge</a>: infatti riporta che, mentre chi era <a href="/wiki/Omicidio" title="Omicidio">colpevole di aver ucciso</a> un <a href="/wiki/Nobilt%C3%A0" title="Nobiltà">nobile</a> era condannato ad una <a href="/wiki/Sanzione" title="Sanzione">sanzione</a> di 120 grzywna, alla <a href="/wiki/Decapitazione" title="Decapitazione">decapitazione</a> o all'<a href="/wiki/Esilio" title="Esilio">esilio</a>, chi uccideva un contadino, un artigiano o un disoccupato doveva pagarne al massimo 10; se era nobile l'uccisore, allora il <a href="/wiki/Processo_(diritto)" title="Processo (diritto)">processo</a> non si faceva. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Libri_del_De_republica_emendanda">Libri del <i>De republica emendanda</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Libri del De republica emendanda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Libri del De republica emendanda"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>De moribus</i> (<i>Riguardo alle tradizioni</i>)</li> <li><i>De legibus</i> (<i>Riguardo alle leggi</i>)</li> <li><i>De bello</i> (<i>Riguardo alla guerra</i>)</li> <li><i>De Ecclesia</i> (<i>Riguardo alla Chiesa</i>)</li> <li><i>De schola</i> (<i>Riguardo all'istruzione</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Wo%C5%9B" title="Jan Władysław Woś">Jan Władysław Woś</a>, <i>L'idea della pace e della guerra nel 3° libro del “De Republica emendanda” di Andreas Fricius Modrevius</i>, “Rivista di Filosofia Neo-scolastica”, anno 61 (1969), fasc. 1, pp. 88–94.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/pl:Autor:Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" class="extiw" title="s:pl:Autor:Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski">Wikisource</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikisource"><img alt="Collabora a Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/27px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wikisource</a> contiene una pagina in lingua polacca dedicata a <b><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/pl:Autor:Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski" class="extiw" title="s:pl:Autor:Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski">Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski?uselang=it">Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Frycz_Modrzewski&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/andrzej-modrzewski"><span style="font-style:italic;">Modrzewski, Andrzej</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728305#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andrzej-Modrzewski"><span style="font-style:italic;">Andrzej Modrzewski</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728305#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMLOL" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mlol.link/open/author/102787"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">MLOL</span>, Horizons Unlimited.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728305#P3762" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL412082A"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Open_Library" title="Internet Archive">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728305#P648" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="polacco">PL</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201013250/http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=8521&from=latest"><span style="font-style:italic;">Władysław Knapiński, <i>Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski pisarz wieku XVI jako teolog</i>, Warszawa 1881</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">sbc.org.pl</span>. <small>URL consultato il 14 dicembre 2008</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=8521&from=latest">url originale</abbr> il 1º febbraio 2009)</small>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/46807645">46807645</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000108958027">0000 0001 0895 8027</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_apostolica_vaticana" title="Biblioteca apostolica vaticana">BAV</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_33686">495/33686</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Consortium_of_European_Research_Libraries" title="Consortium of European Research Libraries">CERL</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesaurus.cerl.org/record/cnp01330044">cnp01330044</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82044846">n82044846</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118734342">118734342</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12197347n">cb12197347n</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12197347n">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007276125405171">987007276125405171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_e_universitaria_di_Zagabria" title="Biblioteca nazionale e universitaria di Zagabria">NSK</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="croato">HR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&local_base=nsk10&doc_number=000229953">000229953</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biografie"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/25px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Biografie" title="Portale:Biografie">Portale Biografie</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christianity_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cristianesimo"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Christianity_Symbol.svg/23px-Christianity_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Christianity_Symbol.svg/35px-Christianity_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Christianity_Symbol.svg/46px-Christianity_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="559" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Cristianesimo" title="Portale:Cristianesimo">Portale Cristianesimo</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_book_01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diritto"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/25px-Open_book_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/38px-Open_book_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Open_book_01.svg/50px-Open_book_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Diritto" title="Portale:Diritto">Portale Diritto</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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