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Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 - Wikipedia

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dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg/140px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg/210px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg/280px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description"><small>An Act to amend the Terrorism Act 2000; to make further provision about terrorism and security; to provide for the freezing of assets; to make provision about immigration and asylum; to amend or extend the criminal law and powers for preventing crime and enforcing that law; to make provision about the control of pathogens and toxins; to provide for the retention of communications data; to provide for implementation of Title VI of the Treaty on European Union; and for connected purposes.</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2001 c. 24</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced by</th><td class="infobox-data organiser"><a href="/wiki/David_Blunkett" title="David Blunkett">David Blunkett</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Territorial extent&#160;</span></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom<br /><small>[except Parts&#160;5 and 12 (not Scotland); section&#160;100 (not Northern Ireland)]</small><br />British Overseas Territories (ss.&#160;50–56)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14 December 2001</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coming_into_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Coming into force">Commencement</a></th><td class="infobox-data dtstart">14 December 2001 – 7&#160;July 2002</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Other legislation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Amended by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Police_Reform_Act_2002" title="Police Reform Act 2002">2002 c.&#160;30</a>; <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Justice_Act_2003" title="Criminal Justice Act 2003">2003 c.&#160;44</a>; <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Terrorism_Act_2005" title="Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005">2005 c.&#160;2</a>; <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_Act_2006" title="Terrorism Act 2006">2006 c.&#160;11</a>; <a href="/wiki/Immigration,_Asylum_and_Nationality_Act_2006" title="Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006">2006 c.&#160;13</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relates to</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Rights_Act_1998_(Designated_Derogation)_Order_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Human Rights Act 1998 (Designated Derogation) Order 2001 (page does not exist)">S.I.&#160;2001/3644</a>; <a href="/wiki/Proceeds_of_Crime_Act_2002" title="Proceeds of Crime Act 2002">2002 c.&#160;29</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism_(Financial_and_Other_Measures)_(Overseas_Territories)_Order_2002&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-terrorism (Financial and Other Measures) (Overseas Territories) Order 2002 (page does not exist)">S.I.&#160;2002/1822</a>; <a href="/wiki/Crime_(International_Co-operation)_Act_2003" title="Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003">2003 c.&#160;32</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Rights_Act_1998_(Amendment)_Order_2005&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Human Rights Act 1998 (Amendment) Order 2005 (page does not exist)">S.I.&#160;2005/1071</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><div style="background-color: #ffffcc;">Status: Amended</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2001/24/">Text of statute as originally enacted</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2001/24">Revised text of statute as amended</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom">Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>, formally introduced into <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> on 19 November 2001, two months after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">terrorist attacks in the United States on 11 September</a>. It received <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> and came into force on 14 December 2001. Many of its measures are not specifically related to terrorism, and a Parliamentary committee was critical of the swift timetable for such a long bill including non-emergency measures.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Act was widely criticized, with one commentator describing it as "the most draconian legislation Parliament has passed in peacetime in over a century".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 16 December 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Law_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Law Lords">Law Lords</a> ruled that Section 23 was incompatible with the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>, but under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Act_1998" title="Human Rights Act 1998">Human Rights Act 1998</a> it remained in force. It has since been replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Terrorism_Act_2005" title="Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005">Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_1_(Terrorist_property)"><span id="Part_1_.28Terrorist_property.29"></span>Part 1 (Terrorist property)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Part 1 (Terrorist property)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sections 1–3, along with schedules 1 and 100, applied to the finances of suspected terrorists and terrorist organizations. They rewrote parts of the <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_Act_2000" title="Terrorism Act 2000">Terrorism Act 2000</a> relating to seizure of suspected terrorist assets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_2_(Freezing_orders)"><span id="Part_2_.28Freezing_orders.29"></span>Part 2 (Freezing orders)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Part 2 (Freezing orders)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This part re-enacted and widened provisions of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emergency_Laws_(Re-enactments_and_Repeals)_Act_1964&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emergency Laws (Re-enactments and Repeals) Act 1964 (page does not exist)">Emergency Laws (Re-enactments and Repeals) Act 1964</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> which in themselves dated from the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Regulations" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence Regulations">Defence (General) Regulations 1939</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage_against_Iceland">Usage against Iceland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Usage against Iceland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2008, prime minister <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a> invoked this part of the Act within the <a href="/wiki/Landsbanki_Freezing_Order_2008" title="Landsbanki Freezing Order 2008">Landsbanki Freezing Order 2008</a> to freeze the British assets of Icelandic bank <a href="/wiki/Landsbanki" title="Landsbanki">Landsbanki</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932011_Icelandic_financial_crisis" title="2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis">Icelandic financial crisis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-EC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> by virtue of the fact that the Treasury reasonably believed that "action to the detriment of the United Kingdom's economy (or part of it) has been or is likely to be taken by a person or persons".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unless explicitly stated, the short title of an Act does not limit the powers expressed within it. The Act does not say "terrorism-related action to the detriment of the United Kingdom's economy". Indeed, the government had defeated attempts to restrict Part 2 to terrorism-related cases during the passage of the Bill through the House of Lords.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The long title of the Act lists "to provide for the freezing of assets" as a separate item from "To amend the Terrorism Act 2000; to make further provision about terrorism and security". </p><p>Iceland's prime minister <a href="/wiki/Geir_Haarde" title="Geir Haarde">Geir Haarde</a> protested against what he described "a terrorist law ... being applied against us", calling it "a completely unfriendly act".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_3_(Disclosure_of_information)"><span id="Part_3_.28Disclosure_of_information.29"></span>Part 3 (Disclosure of information)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Part 3 (Disclosure of information)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This part gives new powers to <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Customs_and_Excise" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty&#39;s Customs and Excise">Her Majesty's Customs and Excise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inland_Revenue" title="Inland Revenue">Inland Revenue</a> (now merged into <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Revenue_and_Customs" class="mw-redirect" title="His Majesty&#39;s Revenue and Customs">His Majesty's Revenue and Customs</a>) to permit them to disclose information "for law enforcement purposes". It also clarifies the existing requirements to disclose information for criminal investigations, particularly in relation to confidential information held by public bodies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_4_(Immigration_and_asylum)"><span id="Part_4_.28Immigration_and_asylum.29"></span>Part 4 (Immigration and asylum)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Part 4 (Immigration and asylum)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Part 4 allowed for the <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> to certify any non-British citizen whom he suspected to be a terrorist and detain them indefinitely, pending deportation, even when such a deportation would be prohibited.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Law_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Law Lords">Law Lords</a> ruled against the law in a case brought by nine of the detained suspected terrorists on 16 December 2004 (by issuing against it a <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_incompatibility" title="Declaration of incompatibility">declaration of incompatibility</a> with the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>, as provided in the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Act_1998" title="Human Rights Act 1998">Human Rights Act 1998</a>). The measure was effectively abolished the following March when it was up for review.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Its powers were replaced with "<a href="/wiki/Control_order" title="Control order">control orders</a>", brought in by the <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Terrorism_Act_2005" title="Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005">Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Implementation">Implementation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Implementation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_1971" title="Immigration Act 1971">Immigration Act 1971</a> allows for the deportation of those who are a threat to national security for cases where there is insufficient admissible evidence for prosecution; however, a ruling by the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> in the case of <a href="/wiki/Chahal_v._United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Chahal v. United Kingdom">Chahal v United Kingdom</a> in 1996 ruled that deportation of persons to another country was not allowed if there were substantial grounds for believing that the person would be subjected to torture. As a result, the government argued that this provision was necessary to overcome this conjunction of legal and security problems, and allow indefinite detention without charge or trial. </p><p>Since this measure was known to step beyond the bounds of <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights#Article_5_–_liberty_and_security" title="European Convention on Human Rights">Article 5 of the ECHR</a>, the government included section 30<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> to allow for a derogation (an opt out), claiming that since there was a "state of emergency threatening the life of the nation" (just one interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a>) which allowed it to do this. The <a href="/wiki/Special_Immigration_Appeals_Commission" title="Special Immigration Appeals Commission">Special Immigration Appeals Commission</a> was to oversee the process. </p><p>The derogation order came into force on 13 November 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and was repealed on 8 April 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Between those dates the government claimed that there existed in the United Kingdom a state of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_emergency&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Public emergency (page does not exist)">public emergency</a> threatening the life of the nation, within the meaning of <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights#Article_15_–_derogations" title="European Convention on Human Rights">Article 15(1) of the ECHR</a>. </p><p>This part was renewed by Parliament on 3 March 2003 without a vote, and on 3 March 2004 with a vote.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cases">Cases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/A_and_Others_v_Secretary_of_State_for_the_Home_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="A and Others v Secretary of State for the Home Department">A and Others v Secretary of State for the Home Department</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Between 2001 and 2003 sixteen foreign nationals had been detained and held using these powers at <a href="/wiki/Belmarsh_(HM_Prison)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belmarsh (HM Prison)">Belmarsh</a>. Eight were detained in December 2001, one in February 2002, two in April 2002, one in October 2002, one in November 2002, two in January 2002 and one in October 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> One further individual has been certified but is detained under other powers. Of the total detained, two have voluntarily left the United Kingdom. The other fourteen remained in detention as of 18 November 2003. The Council of Europe reported in a document dated 23 July 2004 that according to information supplied to their delegation by the authorities, in March 2004, there were fourteen persons certified as suspected international terrorists and deprived of their liberty in the United Kingdom. Twelve of them were being detained exclusively under Part 4 of the Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001, of whom half since December 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appeals">Appeals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Appeals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Act did provide a process for appealing to a judicial tribunal against the Home Secretary's decision to detain in each case. However, the government had argued that a special appellate process was needed to deal with these appeals because of the possibility that much of the evidence or information upon which the Home Secretary's suspicions may be based was likely to be sensitive information of a confidential nature whose release to the person detained or the public might compromise intelligence methods, operatives, and other persons. Therefore, the process established by the ATCSA involved special rules of evidence which most notably permitted the exclusion of the detainees and their legal representatives from proceedings. In an attempt to ensure that their rights were safeguarded at these times, special security-vetted "special advocates" were appointed in the place of their legal representatives. However, there is some evidence that these special advocates experienced difficulties effectively protecting their interests, and two of the special advocates subsequently resigned from their positions following the December 2004 ruling of the House of Lords. </p><p>In October 2002 the <a href="/wiki/Special_Immigration_Appeals_Commission" title="Special Immigration Appeals Commission">Special Immigration Appeals Commission</a> decided that the Home Secretary's derogation was lawful, and that there was indeed a "state of emergency threatening the life of the nation". </p><p>A series of legal challenges were made in respect of the powers and processes established under the ATCSA and on 16 December 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial Committee of the House of Lords">Law Lords</a> ruled that the powers of detention conferred by Part&#160;4 of ATCSA were incompatible with the UK's obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights. The Court ruled by a majority of 8–1 that the purported derogation was not authorised by <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights#Article_15_–_derogations" title="European Convention on Human Rights">Article&#160;15 of the European Convention on Human Rights</a> since the measures taken could not rationally be held to be "strictly required by the exigencies of the situation", and were also discriminatory contrary to Article 14 of the Convention. </p><p>The ruling could be summed up as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>No detention pending deportation had lasted for more than seven days, let alone three years.</li> <li>The law was unjustifiably discriminatory. What if a British citizen was also suspected of terrorism which required that they be detained indefinitely without trial? There was no way to do it.</li> <li>There was no observable state of emergency threatening the life of the nation. No other European country which had experienced far more severe crises had declared such a state of emergency over such a long time period, and certainly without anyone noticing.</li></ul> <p>The Court quashed the order derogating from the UK's obligations under the Convention, and issued a declaration pursuant to section&#160;4 of the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Act_1998" title="Human Rights Act 1998">Human Rights Act 1998</a> that the provisions of the ATCSA which empowered the preventative detention of non-British suspected international terrorists were incompatible with the European Convention. The effect of such a declaration in British law is not to deprive the legislation of legal effect, and Parliament may, if it wishes, refuse to repeal or amend any provision declared to be incompatible. However the making of a declaration of incompatibility carries strong moral force, and creates considerable political pressure to address the incompatibility. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Replacement_of_Part_4">Replacement of Part 4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Replacement of Part 4"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To this end Part&#160;4 of the ATCSA was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Terrorism_Act_2005" title="Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005">Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005</a> in March 2005. This Act replaces detention in prison with "<a href="/wiki/Control_order" title="Control order">control orders</a>" which allow for the imposition of an extensive and non-exhaustive set of conditions on the movements of the suspected person with restrictions approaching a form of <a href="/wiki/House_arrest" title="House arrest">house arrest</a>. </p><p>Unlike Part&#160;4 of the ATCSA, the powers in the Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005 can be applied to British and non-British suspected terrorists alike. At the time of its enactment there was considerable debate as to the compatibility of this Act's provisions with domestic and international human rights laws. </p><p>Eleven control orders were issued on the night the act passed on 11 March 2005 against the terrorist suspects who were due to be released. By October of that year only three were still in force. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_5_(Racial_hatred)"><span id="Part_5_.28Racial_hatred.29"></span>Part 5 (Racial hatred)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Part 5 (Racial hatred)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This part substitutes "racially aggravated" with "racially or religiously aggravated" in some parts of the criminal law. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parts_6–8_(Weapons_of_mass_destruction)"><span id="Parts_6.E2.80.938_.28Weapons_of_mass_destruction.29"></span>Parts 6–8 (Weapons of mass destruction)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Parts 6–8 (Weapons of mass destruction)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This part makes it illegal to deal in <a href="/wiki/Biological_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological weapons">biological</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical weapons">chemical weapons</a>, or set off a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_explosion" title="Nuclear explosion">nuclear explosion</a>. It also makes it illegal to disclose information "which might prejudice the security of any nuclear site or of any nuclear material". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_9_(Aircraft_security)"><span id="Part_9_.28Aircraft_security.29"></span>Part 9 (Aircraft security)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Part 9 (Aircraft security)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This part allows for the Secretary of State to make new regulations, and for the detention of aircraft where there is suspicion of an act of violence against a person on the aircraft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_10_(Police_powers)"><span id="Part_10_.28Police_powers.29"></span>Part 10 (Police powers)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Part 10 (Police powers)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This part allows the police to forcefully obtain fingerprints and other identifying features from an individual to ascertain their identity, and for the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_Police" title="Ministry of Defence Police">Ministry of Defence Police</a> to operate as police officers outside of their normal MOD property jurisdiction in relation to non-MOD crime in certain circumstances as defined by the statute. It also allows members of the <a href="/wiki/British_Transport_Police" title="British Transport Police">British Transport Police</a> to operate as police officers outside of their "<a href="/wiki/British_transport_police#Outside_natural_jurisdiction" class="mw-redirect" title="British transport police">natural jurisdiction</a>" (mainly the railways) in certain circumstances as defined by the statute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_11_(Retention_of_communications_data)"><span id="Part_11_.28Retention_of_communications_data.29"></span>Part 11 (Retention of communications data)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Part 11 (Retention of communications data)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This part creates wide powers for the Secretary of State to regulate telephone companies and internet providers to <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_data_retention#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications data retention">retain data</a> for the purpose of national security.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_12_(Bribery_and_corruption)"><span id="Part_12_.28Bribery_and_corruption.29"></span>Part 12 (Bribery and corruption)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Part 12 (Bribery and corruption)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This part extends the laws against bribery to cases where "functions of the person who receives or is offered a reward have no connection with the United Kingdom and are carried out in a country or territory outside the United Kingdom". It extends the laws against <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">corruption</a> so as to make prosecutions possible for "act[s that] would, if done in the United Kingdom, constitute a corruption offence". The definitions of corruption offences are in <a href="/wiki/Public_Bodies_Corrupt_Practices_Act_1889" title="Public Bodies Corrupt Practices Act 1889">Public Bodies Corrupt Practices Act 1889</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act_1906" title="Prevention of Corruption Act 1906">Prevention of Corruption Act 1906</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Serious_Fraud_Office_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serious Fraud Office (UK)">Serious Fraud Office</a> conducted an investigation into the <a href="/wiki/Al_Yamamah#Serious_Fraud_Office_investigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Yamamah">Al Yamamah</a> contract on the back of this strengthened legislation from late 2003 until 14 December 2006 when it was suddenly discontinued. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_13_(Miscellaneous)"><span id="Part_13_.28Miscellaneous.29"></span>Part 13 (Miscellaneous)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Part 13 (Miscellaneous)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This part gives the Secretary of State the power to implement the <a href="/wiki/Police_and_Judicial_Co-operation_in_Criminal_Matters" class="mw-redirect" title="Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters">Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters</a> section of the <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Part_14_(Supplemental)"><span id="Part_14_.28Supplemental.29"></span>Part 14 (Supplemental)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Part 14 (Supplemental)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This part outlines the timetable for the review of the Act by the independent reviewer of terrorism legislation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Civil liberties in the United Kingdom">Civil liberties in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Human rights in the United Kingdom">Human rights in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_Liberties_(film)" title="Taking Liberties (film)">Taking Liberties (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_Acts" title="Terrorism Acts">Terrorism Acts</a> in the United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-terrorism">Anti-terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a>, a sweeping anti-terrorism law passed in the United States around the same time</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/cmselect/cmhaff/351/35102.htm">"House of Commons - Home Affairs - First Report"</a>. <i>publications.parliament.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=publications.parliament.uk&amp;rft.atitle=House+of+Commons+-+Home+Affairs+-+First+Report&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200102%2Fcmselect%2Fcmhaff%2F351%2F35102.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tomkins (2002) 'Legislating Against Terror: The Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001' Public Law 205-20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1964 c. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">SRO 1939/927.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EC-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EC_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/media/pdf/meltdown-iceland-boyes-e.pdf">"Meltdown Iceland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Economist_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Economist (magazine)">The Economist</a></i>. p.&#160;5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Economist&amp;rft.atitle=Meltdown+Iceland&amp;rft.pages=5&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fmedia%2Fpdf%2Fmeltdown-iceland-boyes-e.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081018180756/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2001/ukpga_20010024_en_2">"Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 - Section 4 - Power to make an order"</a>. OPSI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2001/ukpga_20010024_en_2#pt2-pb1-l1g4">the original</a> on 18 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Anti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001+-+Section+4+-+Power+to+make+an+order&amp;rft.pub=OPSI&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opsi.gov.uk%2Facts%2Facts2001%2Fukpga_20010024_en_2%23pt2-pb1-l1g4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/2001/nov/28/anti-terrorism-crime-and-security-bill-1#S5LV0629P0-01144">House of Lords Debates 28 November 2001</a>, cc. 348–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick Wintour and Audrey Gillan:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/oct/10/banking-iceland">Lost in Iceland: £1 billion from councils, charities and police</a> The Guardian, October 10, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060713035625/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2001/10024--e.htm">"Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2001/10024--e.htm#22">the original</a> on 13 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Anti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opsi.gov.uk%2Facts%2Facts2001%2F10024--e.htm%2322&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4100481.stm">"Terror detainees win Lords appeal"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 16 December 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Human+Rights+Act+1998+%28Designated+Derogation%29+Order+2001&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opsi.gov.uk%2Fsi%2Fsi2001%2F20013644.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061025140902/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2001/20014032.htm">"The Human Rights Act 1998 (Amendment No. 2)Order 2001"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2001/20014032.htm">the original</a> on 25 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Human+Rights+Act+1998+%28Amendment+No.+2%29Order+2001&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opsi.gov.uk%2Fsi%2Fsi2001%2F20014032.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060914110319/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2005/20051071.htm">"The Human Rights Act 1998 (Amendment) Order 2005"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2005/20051071.htm">the original</a> on 14 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Human+Rights+Act+1998+%28Amendment%29+Order+2005&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opsi.gov.uk%2Fsi%2Fsi2005%2F20051071.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theyworkforyou.com/debates/?id=2003-03-03.584.0">"Prevention and Suppression of Terrorism"</a>. <i>TheyWorkForYou</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=TheyWorkForYou&amp;rft.atitle=Prevention+and+Suppression+of+Terrorism&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theyworkforyou.com%2Fdebates%2F%3Fid%3D2003-03-03.584.0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicwhip.org.uk/division.php?date=2004-03-03&amp;number=71">"The Public Whip — Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 — Renewal of indefinite detention - 3 Mar 2004 at 19:50"</a>. <i>www.publicwhip.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.publicwhip.org.uk&amp;rft.atitle=The+Public+Whip+%E2%80%94+Anti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001+%E2%80%94+Renewal+of+indefinite+detention+-+3+Mar+2004+at+19%3A50&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicwhip.org.uk%2Fdivision.php%3Fdate%3D2004-03-03%26number%3D71&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theyworkforyou.com/wms/?id=2003-11-18.27WS.1">"Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act (Detentions)"</a>. <i>TheyWorkForYou</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=TheyWorkForYou&amp;rft.atitle=Anti-Terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+%28Detentions%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theyworkforyou.com%2Fwms%2F%3Fid%3D2003-11-18.27WS.1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coe.int/en/web/cpt/home">"European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT)"</a>. <i>www.coe.int</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.coe.int&amp;rft.atitle=European+Committee+for+the+Prevention+of+Torture+and+Inhuman+or+Degrading+Treatment+or+Punishment+%28CPT%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fcpt%2Fhome&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200405/ldjudgmt/jd041216/a&amp;oth-1.htm">"House of Lords - A (FC) and others (FC) (Appellants) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent)"</a>. <i>publications.parliament.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=publications.parliament.uk&amp;rft.atitle=House+of+Lords+-+A+%28FC%29+and+others+%28FC%29+%28Appellants%29+v.+Secretary+of+State+for+the+Home+Department+%28Respondent%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fld200405%2Fldjudgmt%2Fjd041216%2Fa%26oth-1.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalkerAkdeniz2003" class="citation journal cs1">Walker, Clive; Akdeniz, Yaman (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.53386%2Fnilq.v54i2.737">"Anti-terrorism laws and data retention: war is over?"</a>. <i>Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly</i>. <b>54</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">159–</span>182. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.53386%2Fnilq.v54i2.737">10.53386/nilq.v54i2.737</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Northern+Ireland+Legal+Quarterly&amp;rft.atitle=Anti-terrorism+laws+and+data+retention%3A+war+is+over%3F&amp;rft.volume=54&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E159-%3C%2Fspan%3E182&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.53386%2Fnilq.v54i2.737&amp;rft.aulast=Walker&amp;rft.aufirst=Clive&amp;rft.au=Akdeniz%2C+Yaman&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.53386%252Fnilq.v54i2.737&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-terrorism%2C+Crime+and+Security+Act+2001" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-terrorism,_Crime_and_Security_Act_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2001/24/contents">Official text of the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001</a> as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from the <a href="/wiki/UK_Statute_Law_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Statute Law Database">UK Statute Law Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828080600/http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200102/cmbills/049/en/02049x--.htm">Explanatory Note</a> to the Bill as introduced in the House of Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicwhip.org.uk/policy.php?id=258">Table containing House of Commons votes</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Public_Whip" title="Public Whip">Public Whip</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/3714864.stm">Belmarsh — Britain's Guantanamo Bay?</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a></i>, 6 October 2004</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4090777.stm">Terror lawyers criticise system</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a></i>, 13 December 2004</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4100481.stm">Terror detainees win Lords appeal</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a></i>, 16 December 2004</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200405/ldjudgmt/jd041216/a&amp;oth-1.htm">House of Lords Judgments: A (FC) and others (FC) (Appellants) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent)</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8687d7f5d8‐mk789 Cached time: 20250217233644 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.327 seconds Real time usage: 0.451 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1711/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 42061/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3971/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 54102/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.195/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6012500/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 394.732 1 -total 40.89% 161.416 1 Template:Reflist 30.38% 119.935 12 Template:Cite_web 27.73% 109.444 1 Template:Infobox_UK_legislation 20.07% 79.208 6 Template:Main_other 17.75% 70.082 1 Template:Short_description 16.44% 64.883 1 Template:Update_section 15.53% 61.306 1 Template:Update 14.54% 57.375 1 Template:Ambox 10.24% 40.408 2 Template:Pagetype --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:804764:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250217233644 and revision id 1244650769. 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