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span{font-size:0.75rem;}.bbc-1562tom{color:#141414;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-family:Helmet,Freesans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;color:#545658;margin-top:0.5rem;margin-inline:0.5rem 0;padding-inline:0.5rem;width:calc(100% - 0.5rem);border-inline-start:0.0625rem solid #6E6E73;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1562tom{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-1562tom{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.125rem;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-1562tom{width:calc(100% - 1rem);margin-inline:1rem 0;padding-inline:0.5rem 1rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-1562tom{width:100%;margin:0.5rem 0 0;padding-inline:0.5rem 0;}}.bbc-1562tom>span>p{padding-bottom:1.5rem;margin:0;}.bbc-1562tom>span>p:last-child{padding-bottom:0;}.bbc-1vjaf6b{-webkit-padding-start:0.5rem;padding-inline-start:0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.bbc-1vjaf6b{-webkit-padding-start:1rem;padding-inline-start:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.bbc-1vjaf6b{-webkit-padding-start:0;padding-inline-start:0;}}.bbc-1vjaf6b div{padding:0;}.bbc-1rvtlej{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;}.bbc-18ttg5u{color:#141414;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:Helmet,Freesans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;color:#141414;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding-top:1.375rem;padding-bottom:0.25rem;-webkit-padding-end:2.75rem;padding-inline-end:2.75rem;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-18ttg5u{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.bbc-18ttg5u{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem;}}.bbc-xsgtj8{color:#141414;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-family:Helmet,Freesans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;color:#545658;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 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(min-width: 15rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.bbc-19j92fr{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;padding:0 0.5rem;grid-column-start:1;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.bbc-19j92fr{grid-template-columns:repeat(6, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 6;padding:0 1rem;grid-column-start:1;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.bbc-19j92fr{grid-template-columns:repeat(5, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 5;padding:0 1rem;grid-column-start:1;}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.bbc-19j92fr{grid-template-columns:repeat(5, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 5;grid-column-start:2;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.bbc-19j92fr{grid-template-columns:repeat(10, 1fr);grid-column-end:span 10;grid-column-start:5;}}}.bbc-j3wi5n{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.125rem;color:#545658;display:block;font-family:Helmet,Freesans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;padding-bottom:0.25rem;}@media (min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 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class="bbc-bg8vrv"><div class="bbc-1cvxiy9"><main role="main" class="bbc-fa0wmp"><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-1151pbn ebmt73l0"><h1 id="content" tabindex="-1" class="bbc-e0ctyc e1p3vdyi0">"Scopaesth茅sie" ou pourquoi on remarque quand quelqu'un nous regarde</h1></div><figure class="bbc-1qn0xuy"><div class="bbc-j1srjl" style="padding-bottom:56.25%"><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/640/cpsprodpb/1499/live/88412e90-8173-11ef-baa5-97cd905da6bd.jpg.webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/240/cpsprodpb/1499/live/88412e90-8173-11ef-baa5-97cd905da6bd.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/320/cpsprodpb/1499/live/88412e90-8173-11ef-baa5-97cd905da6bd.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/480/cpsprodpb/1499/live/88412e90-8173-11ef-baa5-97cd905da6bd.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/624/cpsprodpb/1499/live/88412e90-8173-11ef-baa5-97cd905da6bd.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/800/cpsprodpb/1499/live/88412e90-8173-11ef-baa5-97cd905da6bd.jpg.webp 800w" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 760px, 100vw" alt="Une fille mal 脿 l'aise parce que les autres gar莽ons la regardent. " width="2121" height="1193" style="aspect-ratio:2121 / 1193" class="bbc-139onq"/><p class="bbc-nyj3yn" role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">Cr茅dit photo, </span><span lang="en-GB">Getty Images</span></p></div><figcaption class="bbc-1562tom" dir="ltr"><span role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">L茅gende image, </span><span data-testid="caption-paragraph">Notre cerveau semble disposer d'outils qui nous permettent de percevoir si quelqu'un nous observe.</span></span></figcaption></figure><section role="region" aria-labelledby="article-byline" class="bbc-1vjaf6b"><strong id="article-byline" aria-hidden="true" class="bbc-m04vo2">Article information</strong><ul role="list" class="bbc-1rvtlej"><li><span role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">Author, </span><span class="bbc-18ttg5u">Francisco Jos茅 Esteban Ruiz et Sergio Iglesias Parro</span></span></li><li><span role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">Role, <!-- --> </span><span class="bbc-xsgtj8">The Conversation*</span></span></li><li class="bbc-v8pmqw"><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><time dateTime="2024-10-19" class="bbc-j3wi5n e1mklfmt0">19 octobre 2024</time></div></li></ul></section><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Cela vous est probablement arriv茅 un jour : vous 锚tes en classe ou dans le bus et vous avez soudain l'茅trange impression que quelqu'un vous regarde fixement. Vous vous retournez et vous d茅couvrez que vous ne vous 锚tes pas tromp茅, mais que quelqu'un vous regarde vraiment !</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Ce ph茅nom猫ne, connu sous le nom de scopaesth茅sie, a suscit茅 beaucoup de curiosit茅 dans le domaine des neurosciences.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Bien que des facteurs neurobiologiques et psychologiques puissent 锚tre impliqu茅s, il n'existe aucune preuve scientifique solide que nous poss茅dons r茅ellement une capacit茅 sp茅ciale 脿 percevoir les regards.</p></div><section role="region" aria-label="Lire plus" dir="ltr" class="bbc-1n4f7vm ebmt73l0"><ul dir="ltr" role="list" class="bbc-ekzrm2 ecaxh2e3"><li dir="ltr" class="bbc-1k00xvf ecaxh2e1"><div class="bbc-2e8h64 e145786u2"><a href="https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/cd1wk0kxwj4o" class="bbc-1vmq8i5 e145786u3">Les secrets de notre cerveau r茅v茅l茅s par l'une des 茅tudes les plus uniques et ambitieuses jamais r茅alis茅es</a><time dateTime="2024-04-27" class="e145786u0 bbc-1rxjpzf e1mklfmt0">27 avril 2024</time></div></li><li dir="ltr" class="bbc-1k00xvf ecaxh2e1"><div class="bbc-2e8h64 e145786u2"><a href="https://www.bbc.com/afrique/monde-63615104" class="bbc-1vmq8i5 e145786u3">Ce que les neurosciences nous apprennent sur le plaisir</a><time dateTime="2022-11-17" class="e145786u0 bbc-1rxjpzf e1mklfmt0">17 novembre 2022</time></div></li><li dir="ltr" class="bbc-1k00xvf ecaxh2e1"><div class="bbc-2e8h64 e145786u2"><a href="https://www.bbc.com/afrique/monde-44846518" class="bbc-1vmq8i5 e145786u3">Cinq faits fascinants sur le cerveau humain</a><time dateTime="2019-12-08" class="e145786u0 bbc-1rxjpzf e1mklfmt0">8 d茅cembre 2019</time></div></li></ul></section><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><h2 id="Le-d茅bat-scientifique" tabindex="-1" class="bbc-199vtvq eglt09e0">Le d茅bat scientifique</h2></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Rupert Sheldrake, un chercheur britannique, a men茅 plusieurs exp茅riences pour v茅rifier si nous pouvons r茅ellement sentir que nous sommes observ茅s. Dans ses 茅tudes, les gens semblaient avoir plus raison que pr茅vu lorsqu'ils devinaient si quelqu'un les regardait, ce qui l'a amen茅 脿 penser que cette capacit茅 pouvait avoir quelque chose de sp茅cial.</p></div><section aria-label="Publicit茅s 2" aria-hidden="true" role="region" data-e2e="advertisement" class="bbc-geybui"><div id="dotcom-mpu" class="dotcom-ad"></div></section><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Mais d'autres scientifiques, comme David Marks et John Colwell, ne sont pas d'accord. Ils pensent que les r茅sultats de Sheldrake pourraient 锚tre dus 脿 des erreurs dans l'organisation de ses exp茅riences.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Plus pr茅cis茅ment, Marks et Colwell ont constat茅 que certains sch茅mas se r茅p茅taient dans ces essais : il est possible que les participants les aient appris et qu'ils les r茅ussissent plus facilement lorsqu'on leur demande s'ils sont observ茅s.</p></div><figure class="bbc-1qn0xuy"><div class="bbc-j1srjl" style="padding-bottom:56.26%"><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/640/cpsprodpb/46ee/live/d5e94a00-8174-11ef-ad45-893aa022fcbc.jpg.webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/240/cpsprodpb/46ee/live/d5e94a00-8174-11ef-ad45-893aa022fcbc.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/320/cpsprodpb/46ee/live/d5e94a00-8174-11ef-ad45-893aa022fcbc.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/480/cpsprodpb/46ee/live/d5e94a00-8174-11ef-ad45-893aa022fcbc.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/624/cpsprodpb/46ee/live/d5e94a00-8174-11ef-ad45-893aa022fcbc.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/800/cpsprodpb/46ee/live/d5e94a00-8174-11ef-ad45-893aa022fcbc.jpg.webp 800w" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 760px, 100vw" alt="Recr茅ation d'un homme pr茅historique avec sa lance en position de combat. " loading="lazy" width="2309" height="1299" style="aspect-ratio:2309 / 1299" class="bbc-139onq"/><p class="bbc-nyj3yn" role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">Cr茅dit photo, </span><span lang="en-GB">Getty Images</span></p></div><figcaption class="bbc-1562tom" dir="ltr"><span role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">L茅gende image, </span><span data-testid="caption-paragraph">La capacit茅 脿 percevoir les mouvements et les changements de lumi猫re a permis 脿 l'homme de survivre au fil des si猫cles.</span></span></figcaption></figure><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><h2 id="Le-cerveau-est-toujours-en-alerte" tabindex="-1" class="bbc-199vtvq eglt09e0">Le cerveau est toujours en alerte</h2></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Quoi qu'il en soit, l'un des facteurs pouvant expliquer ce sentiment est que nous sommes con莽us pour 锚tre constamment vigilants, m锚me lorsque nous ne sommes pas consciemment attentifs.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Ce syst猫me de vigilance, appel茅 attention exog猫ne, est la capacit茅 du cerveau 脿 r茅agir automatiquement 脿 des stimuli soudains ou 脿 des changements dans notre environnement.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Gr芒ce 脿 lui, nous d茅tectons ce qui se passe autour de nous, comme des mouvements inattendus ou des changements de lumi猫re.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">L'attention exog猫ne a 茅t茅 cruciale pour la survie de notre esp猫ce. Imaginez que vous 锚tes un humain primitif au milieu d'une for锚t. Si vous n'茅tiez pas capable de d茅tecter rapidement le regard d'un pr茅dateur ou d'un autre 锚tre humain, vous seriez en danger.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Bien qu'aujourd'hui nous n'ayons plus 脿 nous pr茅occuper autant des pr茅dateurs, nous sommes toujours tr猫s dou茅s pour d茅tecter de petits indices dans notre environnement, comme le mouvement des yeux d'une autre personne. M锚me si nous ne les remarquons pas consciemment, ces signaux peuvent d茅clencher dans notre cerveau le sentiment d'锚tre observ茅.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><h2 id="Le-r么le-de-la-vision" tabindex="-1" class="bbc-199vtvq eglt09e0">Le r么le de la vision</h2></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">La vision p茅riph茅rique - c'est-脿-dire ce que nous voyons en dehors du centre de notre champ de vision, comme les objets ou les mouvements qui apparaissent 脿 la p茅riph茅rie de notre vue - est un autre facteur qui pourrait expliquer ce curieux ph茅nom猫ne qu'est la scopaesth茅sie.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Bien qu'elle ne soit pas aussi claire que la vision centrale, elle est excellente pour d茅tecter les mouvements et les changements dans l'environnement, ce qui signifie que notre subconscient pourrait d茅tecter que quelqu'un nous regarde.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">En d'autres termes, si quelqu'un autour de nous bouge les yeux ou tourne la t锚te pour nous regarder, notre vision p茅riph茅rique peut capter ce petit mouvement, m锚me si nous n'en sommes pas pleinement conscients. Notre cerveau pourrait alors nous avertir que quelqu'un nous regarde.</p></div><figure class="bbc-1qn0xuy"><div class="bbc-j1srjl" style="padding-bottom:61.88%"><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/640/cpsprodpb/48e5/live/50fadfb0-8175-11ef-83dd-fbf1b9732cf0.jpg.webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/240/cpsprodpb/48e5/live/50fadfb0-8175-11ef-83dd-fbf1b9732cf0.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/320/cpsprodpb/48e5/live/50fadfb0-8175-11ef-83dd-fbf1b9732cf0.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/480/cpsprodpb/48e5/live/50fadfb0-8175-11ef-83dd-fbf1b9732cf0.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/624/cpsprodpb/48e5/live/50fadfb0-8175-11ef-83dd-fbf1b9732cf0.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/800/cpsprodpb/48e5/live/50fadfb0-8175-11ef-83dd-fbf1b9732cf0.jpg.webp 800w" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 760px, 100vw" alt="Une femme remarque qu'un homme la suit. " loading="lazy" width="2201" height="1362" style="aspect-ratio:2201 / 1362" class="bbc-139onq"/><p class="bbc-nyj3yn" role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">Cr茅dit photo, </span><span lang="en-GB">Getty Images</span></p></div><figcaption class="bbc-1562tom" dir="ltr"><span role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">L茅gende image, </span><span data-testid="caption-paragraph">Les experts estiment que la vision p茅riph茅rique nous permet 茅galement de percevoir tout ce qui est inhabituel autour de nous.</span></span></figcaption></figure><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><h2 id="Neurones-miroirs" tabindex="-1" class="bbc-199vtvq eglt09e0">Neurones miroirs</h2></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Le cerveau humain poss猫de 茅galement une incroyable capacit茅 脿 comprendre les actions et les 茅motions d'autres personnes.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Cela est possible gr芒ce 脿 des circuits c茅r茅braux impliquant des neurones miroirs, qui s'activent lorsque nous effectuons une action ou lorsque nous voyons quelqu'un d'autre faire la m锚me chose et que, sans lui parler, nous comprenons ce qu'il fait.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Ces neurones sont fortement impliqu茅s dans l'empathie et l'interpr茅tation des intentions d'autrui.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Il se pourrait que, dans certaines situations sociales, les neurones miroirs nous aident 脿 d茅tecter si quelqu'un nous regarde, car ils sont utilis茅s pour sentir ou comprendre les intentions d'autrui de mani猫re quasi automatique.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Ainsi, lorsque quelqu'un nous regarde, notre cerveau peut 锚tre en train de traiter cette information, m锚me si nous n'en sommes pas conscients.</p></div><figure class="bbc-1qn0xuy"><div class="bbc-j1srjl" style="padding-bottom:66.7%"><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/640/cpsprodpb/8514/live/27f70980-8176-11ef-822c-a50726bfda2e.jpg.webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/240/cpsprodpb/8514/live/27f70980-8176-11ef-822c-a50726bfda2e.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/320/cpsprodpb/8514/live/27f70980-8176-11ef-822c-a50726bfda2e.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/480/cpsprodpb/8514/live/27f70980-8176-11ef-822c-a50726bfda2e.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/624/cpsprodpb/8514/live/27f70980-8176-11ef-822c-a50726bfda2e.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/800/cpsprodpb/8514/live/27f70980-8176-11ef-822c-a50726bfda2e.jpg.webp 800w" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 760px, 100vw" alt="Un enfant se tourne pour en regarder un autre. " loading="lazy" width="2120" height="1414" style="aspect-ratio:2120 / 1414" class="bbc-139onq"/><p class="bbc-nyj3yn" role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">Cr茅dit photo, </span><span lang="en-GB">Getty Images</span></p></div><figcaption class="bbc-1562tom" dir="ltr"><span role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">L茅gende image, </span><span data-testid="caption-paragraph">Le fait d'avoir eu la confirmation que quelqu'un nous observait renforce notre conviction que nous sommes observ茅s.</span></span></figcaption></figure><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><h2 id="Nous-sommes-le-nombril-du-monde" tabindex="-1" class="bbc-199vtvq eglt09e0">Nous sommes le nombril du monde</h2></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Nous pensons parfois que tout le monde observe ce que nous faisons et que nous le faisons bien ou mal. Ou bien nous sommes tellement 茅gocentriques que nous nous consid茅rons comme le nombril du monde. Ce ph茅nom猫ne est connu sous le nom d'effet de projecteur.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Lorsque nous nous trouvons dans des situations nouvelles ou inconfortables, nous avons tendance 脿 penser que les autres nous remarquent plus qu'ils ne le font en r茅alit茅.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Par exemple, si vous arrivez en retard en classe, vous aurez probablement l'impression que tout le monde vous observe, alors que la plupart de vos camarades n'ont m锚me pas remarqu茅 votre entr茅e.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><h2 id="Notre-esprit-nous-jouetil-des-tours-" tabindex="-1" class="bbc-199vtvq eglt09e0">Notre esprit nous joue-t-il des tours ?</h2></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Une autre explication psychologique possible est le biais de confirmation. Ce ph茅nom猫ne se produit lorsque nous recherchons, interpr茅tons ou m茅morisons des informations qui confirment ce que nous croyons d茅j脿. En d'autres termes, nous avons tendance 脿 croire ce que nous voulons croire.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Si vous pensez que quelqu'un vous regarde, vous serez probablement plus attentif 脿 tout petit mouvement ou geste qui le confirme.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">De plus, si vous avez d茅j脿 eu l'impression que quelqu'un vous regardait et que vous avez d茅couvert par la suite que c'茅tait vrai, vous avez peut-锚tre conditionn茅 votre cerveau pour qu'il 茅prouve la m锚me sensation dans des situations similaires.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">C'est alors que notre esprit nous joue des tours, en nous faisant croire que nous sommes observ茅s alors que ce n'est pas le cas.</p></div><figure class="bbc-1qn0xuy"><div class="bbc-j1srjl" style="padding-bottom:140.85%"><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/640/cpsprodpb/4566/live/56d776e0-8176-11ef-822c-a50726bfda2e.jpg.webp" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/240/cpsprodpb/4566/live/56d776e0-8176-11ef-822c-a50726bfda2e.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/320/cpsprodpb/4566/live/56d776e0-8176-11ef-822c-a50726bfda2e.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/480/cpsprodpb/4566/live/56d776e0-8176-11ef-822c-a50726bfda2e.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/624/cpsprodpb/4566/live/56d776e0-8176-11ef-822c-a50726bfda2e.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/800/cpsprodpb/4566/live/56d776e0-8176-11ef-822c-a50726bfda2e.jpg.webp 800w" sizes="(min-width: 1008px) 760px, 100vw" alt="Un m茅decin avec une radiographie du cerveau " loading="lazy" width="1459" height="2055" style="aspect-ratio:1459 / 2055" class="bbc-139onq"/><p class="bbc-nyj3yn" role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">Cr茅dit photo, </span><span lang="en-GB">Getty Images</span></p></div><figcaption class="bbc-1562tom" dir="ltr"><span role="text"><span class="bbc-m04vo2">L茅gende image, </span><span data-testid="caption-paragraph">Les neuroscientifiques cherchent encore la raison qui permet 脿 notre cerveau de sentir que quelqu'un nous voit.</span></span></figcaption></figure><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><h2 id="La-parano茂a-est-d茅j脿-plus-grave" tabindex="-1" class="bbc-199vtvq eglt09e0">La parano茂a est d茅j脿 plus grave</h2></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Dans des cas plus extr锚mes, le sentiment d'锚tre observ茅 par les autres peut 锚tre li茅 脿 une l茅g猫re parano茂a, en particulier chez les personnes qui souffrent d'anxi茅t茅 ou qui ne se sentent pas s没res d'elles dans des situations sociales.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Ces personnes peuvent interpr茅ter tout petit geste comme un signe qu'elles sont jug茅es ou observ茅es, ce qui renforce le sentiment d'锚tre observ茅.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Mais ne vous inqui茅tez pas, avoir l'impression que quelqu'un vous observe ne signifie pas n茅cessairement que vous 锚tes parano茂aque.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0">Pour tout ce que nous avons expliqu茅 ci-dessus, la scopaesth茅sie est une exp茅rience courante et, dans la plupart des cas, elle se produit simplement parce que notre cerveau fait son travail de maintien de l'attention et de la vigilance.</p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0"><i class="bbc-ziynna eih42320">*Francisco Jos茅 Esteban Ruiz et Sergio Iglesias Parro sont respectivement professeurs de biologie cellulaire et de psychologie 脿 l'universit茅 de Ja茅n (Espagne).</i></p></div><div dir="ltr" class="bbc-19j92fr ebmt73l0"><p dir="ltr" class="bbc-1y32vyc e17g058b0"><i class="bbc-ziynna eih42320">*Cet article a 茅t茅 publi茅 dans The Conversation et reproduit ici sous la licence Creative Commons. </i></p></div></main><aside data-testid="related-topics" aria-labelledby="related-topics" role="complementary" class="bbc-1l5nxv5 e5jcirq1"><div class="e5jcirq0 bbc-1f2ds04 e1m6nvxw1"><h2 id="section-label-heading-related-topics" tabindex="-1" class="bbc-a5e1ct e1m6nvxw0"><span class="bbc-1fttcpj e1fapd9x4"><span class="bbc-127x8fy e1fapd9x2"><span dir="ltr" id="related-topics" class="bbc-19rqfko e1fapd9x1">Sujets associ茅s</span></span></span></h2></div><ul role="list" class="bbc-1c01ksb e2o6ii41"><li class="bbc-ekyvwt e2o6ii40"><a href="/afrique/topics/c06gq9jxz3rt">Sant茅</a></li><li class="bbc-ekyvwt e2o6ii40"><a href="/afrique/topics/c95y3ry3vq8t">Sant茅 mentale</a></li><li class="bbc-ekyvwt e2o6ii40"><a href="/afrique/topics/cdr561vr57gt">Science</a></li><li class="bbc-ekyvwt e2o6ii40"><a href="/afrique/topics/cwr9j29jj0dt">Recherche m茅dicale</a></li><li class="bbc-ekyvwt e2o6ii40"><a 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M锚me si nous ne les remarquons pas consciemment, ces signaux peuvent d茅clencher dans notre cerveau le sentiment d'锚tre observ茅.","attributes":[]},"position":[17,4,1]}]},"position":[17,4]}]},"position":[17]},{"id":"4891d7b6","type":"subheadline","model":{"blocks":[{"id":"451c035b","type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"id":"a4484300","type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Le r么le de la vision","blocks":[{"id":"b3a5db89","type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Le r么le de la vision","attributes":[]},"position":[18,1,1,1]}]},"position":[18,1,1]}]},"position":[18,1]}]},"position":[18]},{"id":"51c8d43d","type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"id":"c9b0ca7e","type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"La vision p茅riph茅rique - c'est-脿-dire ce que nous voyons en dehors du centre de notre champ de vision, comme les objets ou les mouvements qui apparaissent 脿 la p茅riph茅rie de notre vue - est un autre facteur qui pourrait expliquer ce curieux ph茅nom猫ne qu'est la scopaesth茅sie.","blocks":[{"id":"53744db7","type":"fragment","model":{"text":"La vision p茅riph茅rique - c'est-脿-dire ce que nous voyons en dehors du centre de notre champ de vision, comme les objets ou les mouvements qui apparaissent 脿 la p茅riph茅rie de notre vue - est un autre facteur qui pourrait expliquer ce curieux ph茅nom猫ne qu'est la scopaesth茅sie.","attributes":[]},"position":[19,1,1]}]},"position":[19,1]},{"id":"9046e600","type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Bien qu'elle ne soit pas aussi claire que la vision centrale, elle est excellente pour d茅tecter les mouvements et les changements dans l'environnement, ce qui signifie que notre subconscient pourrait d茅tecter que quelqu'un nous regarde.","blocks":[{"id":"f2f49122","type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Bien qu'elle ne soit pas aussi claire que la vision centrale, elle est excellente pour d茅tecter les mouvements et les changements dans l'environnement, ce qui signifie que notre subconscient pourrait d茅tecter que quelqu'un nous regarde.","attributes":[]},"position":[19,2,1]}]},"position":[19,2]},{"id":"0444599c","type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"En d'autres termes, si quelqu'un autour de nous bouge les yeux ou tourne la t锚te pour nous regarder, notre vision p茅riph茅rique peut capter ce petit mouvement, m锚me si nous n'en sommes pas pleinement conscients. Notre cerveau pourrait alors nous avertir que quelqu'un nous regarde.","blocks":[{"id":"1a64875e","type":"fragment","model":{"text":"En d'autres termes, si quelqu'un autour de nous bouge les yeux ou tourne la t锚te pour nous regarder, notre vision p茅riph茅rique peut capter ce petit mouvement, m锚me si nous n'en sommes pas pleinement conscients. Notre cerveau pourrait alors nous avertir que quelqu'un nous regarde.","attributes":[]},"position":[19,3,1]}]},"position":[19,3]}]},"position":[19]},{"id":"ec4d9f58","type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"id":"0b8f3d65","type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"id":"8c9004ef","type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"id":"075b586b","type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Les experts estiment que la vision p茅riph茅rique nous permet 茅galement de percevoir tout ce qui est inhabituel autour de nous.","blocks":[{"id":"b3996fe8","type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Les experts estiment que la vision p茅riph茅rique nous permet 茅galement de percevoir tout ce qui est inhabituel autour de nous.","attributes":[]},"position":[20,1,1,1,1]}]},"position":[20,1,1,1]}]},"position":[20,1,1]}]},"position":[20,1]},{"id":"5c077554","type":"altText","model":{"blocks":[{"id":"18fe5fcf","type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"id":"3c34fa67","type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Une femme remarque qu'un homme la 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automatique.","attributes":[]},"position":[22,4,1]}]},"position":[22,4]},{"id":"cd5f6dfa","type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Ainsi, lorsque quelqu'un nous regarde, notre cerveau peut 锚tre en train de traiter cette information, m锚me si nous n'en sommes pas conscients.","blocks":[{"id":"4e9d100a","type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Ainsi, lorsque quelqu'un nous regarde, notre cerveau peut 锚tre en train de traiter cette information, m锚me si nous n'en sommes pas conscients.","attributes":[]},"position":[22,5,1]}]},"position":[22,5]}]},"position":[22]},{"id":"23144470","type":"image","model":{"blocks":[{"id":"59132523","type":"caption","model":{"blocks":[{"id":"32aa4050","type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"id":"6434e597","type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Le fait d'avoir eu la confirmation que quelqu'un nous observait renforce notre conviction que nous sommes observ茅s.","blocks":[{"id":"fa3c9cd0","type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Le fait d'avoir eu la confirmation que quelqu'un nous 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Ou bien nous sommes tellement 茅gocentriques que nous nous consid茅rons comme le nombril du monde. Ce ph茅nom猫ne est connu sous le nom d'effet de projecteur.","blocks":[{"id":"c6fbb31b","type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Nous pensons parfois que tout le monde observe ce que nous faisons et que nous le faisons bien ou mal. Ou bien nous sommes tellement 茅gocentriques que nous nous consid茅rons comme le nombril du monde. Ce ph茅nom猫ne est connu sous le nom d'effet de projecteur.","attributes":[]},"position":[25,1,1]}]},"position":[25,1]},{"id":"c3a978bc","type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Lorsque nous nous trouvons dans des situations nouvelles ou inconfortables, nous avons tendance 脿 penser que les autres nous remarquent plus qu'ils ne le font en r茅alit茅.","blocks":[{"id":"03a816eb","type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Lorsque nous nous trouvons dans des situations nouvelles ou inconfortables, nous avons tendance 脿 penser que les autres nous remarquent plus qu'ils ne le font en r茅alit茅.","attributes":[]},"position":[25,2,1]}]},"position":[25,2]},{"id":"e2d7b82f","type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Par exemple, si vous arrivez en retard en classe, vous aurez probablement l'impression que tout le monde vous observe, alors que la plupart de vos camarades n'ont m锚me pas remarqu茅 votre entr茅e.","blocks":[{"id":"4546caf6","type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Par exemple, si vous arrivez en retard en classe, vous aurez probablement l'impression que tout le monde vous observe, alors que la plupart de vos camarades n'ont m锚me pas remarqu茅 votre entr茅e.","attributes":[]},"position":[25,3,1]}]},"position":[25,3]}]},"position":[25]},{"id":"63d32611","type":"subheadline","model":{"blocks":[{"id":"f246db5b","type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"id":"d3f22fdb","type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Notre esprit nous joue-t-il des tours ?","blocks":[{"id":"4ae028d7","type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Notre esprit nous joue-t-il des tours ?","attributes":[]},"position":[26,1,1,1]}]},"position":[26,1,1]}]},"position":[26,1]}]},"position":[26]},{"id":"9cdbd444","type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"id":"2f3ce6eb","type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Une autre explication psychologique possible est le biais de confirmation. Ce ph茅nom猫ne se produit lorsque nous recherchons, interpr茅tons ou m茅morisons des informations qui confirment ce que nous croyons d茅j脿. En d'autres termes, nous avons tendance 脿 croire ce que nous voulons croire.","blocks":[{"id":"fd20d395","type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Une autre explication psychologique possible est le biais de confirmation. Ce ph茅nom猫ne se produit lorsque nous recherchons, interpr茅tons ou m茅morisons des informations qui confirment ce que nous croyons d茅j脿. En d'autres termes, nous avons tendance 脿 croire ce que nous voulons croire.","attributes":[]},"position":[27,1,1]}]},"position":[27,1]},{"id":"54dbce33","type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Si vous pensez que quelqu'un vous regarde, vous serez probablement plus attentif 脿 tout petit mouvement ou geste qui le confirme.","blocks":[{"id":"9bdf616d","type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Si vous pensez que quelqu'un vous regarde, vous serez probablement plus attentif 脿 tout petit mouvement ou geste qui le confirme.","attributes":[]},"position":[27,2,1]}]},"position":[27,2]},{"id":"385ba7d6","type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"De plus, si vous avez d茅j脿 eu l'impression que quelqu'un vous regardait et que vous avez d茅couvert par la suite que c'茅tait vrai, vous avez peut-锚tre conditionn茅 votre cerveau pour qu'il 茅prouve la m锚me sensation dans des situations similaires.","blocks":[{"id":"36579714","type":"fragment","model":{"text":"De plus, si vous avez d茅j脿 eu l'impression que quelqu'un vous 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