CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>John C. Wells - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c4846b23-0455-4994-88c7-c9458e2a78cb","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"John_C._Wells","wgTitle":"John C. Wells","wgCurRevisionId":1254087105,"wgRevisionId":1254087105,"wgArticleId":868237,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","EngvarB from August 2014","Use dmy dates from August 2014","Articles with hCards","Pages with plain IPA","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018","1939 births","Academics of University College London","Akademio de Esperanto members","Alumni of the University of London", "Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge","British LGBTQ academics","English Esperantists","English gay writers","English LGBTQ scientists","Linguists from the United Kingdom","Linguists of English","Living people","People educated at St John's School, Leatherhead","People from Bootle","Phoneticians","Presidents of the Universal Esperanto Association","20th-century English male writers","21st-century English male writers","20th-century English LGBTQ people","21st-century English LGBTQ people"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"John_C._Wells","wgRelevantArticleId":868237,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q12811","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_02.JPG/1200px-2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_02.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="855"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_02.JPG/800px-2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_02.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="570"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_02.JPG/640px-2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_02.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="456"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="John C. Wells - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Wells"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Wells"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-John_C_Wells rootpage-John_C_Wells skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=John+C.+Wells" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=John+C.+Wells" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=John+C.+Wells" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=John+C.+Wells" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Work_on_accents_of_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_on_accents_of_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Work on accents of English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_on_accents_of_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Longman_Pronunciation_Dictionary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Longman_Pronunciation_Dictionary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span><i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Longman_Pronunciation_Dictionary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esperanto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esperanto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Esperanto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esperanto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_for_spelling_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_for_spelling_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Work for spelling reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_for_spelling_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Essays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Essays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Essays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Essays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monographs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monographs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Monographs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monographs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John C. Wells</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83._%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B2" title="جون ك. ولز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون ك. ولز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Джон Кристофер Уэллс – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Джон Кристофер Уэллс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Джон Крыстафер Уэлс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джон Крыстафер Уэлс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John C. Wells" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John C. Wells" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="John C. Wells" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John C. Wells" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%BD" title="Ջոն Ուելս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոն Ուելս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John C. Wells" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83._%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B2" title="جون ك. ولز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون ك. ولز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA_(%E9%9F%B3%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85)" title="ジョン・ウェルズ (音声学者) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・ウェルズ (音声学者)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%81,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уэллс, Джон Кристофер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уэллс, Джон Кристофер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Джон Крістофер Веллс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Крістофер Веллс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12811#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:John_C._Wells" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/John_C._Wells" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/John_C._Wells" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&oldid=1254087105" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=John_C._Wells&id=1254087105&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJohn_C._Wells"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJohn_C._Wells"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=John_C._Wells&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_C._Wells" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12811" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British phonetician (born 1939)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/John_Wells_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="John Wells (disambiguation)">John Wells</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">John C. Wells</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_02.JPG/220px-2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_02.JPG/330px-2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_02.JPG/440px-2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="1767" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">John C. Wells in the Netherlands in 2008</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">John Christopher Wells</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1939-03-11</span>) </span>11 March 1939<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 85)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bootle" title="Bootle">Bootle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, England<sup id="cite_ref-CV_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CV-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a> (B.A.)</li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> (M.A., Ph.D.)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1572351/1/Wells_thesis.pdf"><i>Phonological Adaptation in the Speech of Jamaicans in the London Area</i></a> (1971)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral advisor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Desmond_O%27Connor" title="Joseph Desmond O'Connor">Joseph Desmond O'Connor</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics">Phonetician</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> (1962–2006)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Christopher Wells</b> (born 11 March 1939) is a British <a href="/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics">phonetician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Esperantist" class="mw-redirect" title="Esperantist">Esperantist</a>. Wells is a professor <a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">emeritus</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>, where until his retirement in 2006 he held the <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">departmental chair</a> in phonetics.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is known for his work on the <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> language and his invention of the standard <a href="/wiki/Lexical_set" title="Lexical set">lexical sets</a> and the <a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a> phonetic script system. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wells earned his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a> and his master's degree and his PhD at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>. </p><p>Wells is known for his book and cassette <i>Accents of English</i>, the book and CD <i>The Sounds of the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></i>, <i>Lingvistikaj Aspektoj de Esperanto</i>, and the <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i>. He is the author of the most widely used English-Esperanto dictionary. </p><p>Until his retirement, Wells directed a two-week summer course in phonetics for <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>, focusing on practical and theoretical phonetics, as well as aspects of teaching phonetics. The course ends with written and oral examinations, for which the <i>IPA <a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_Proficiency_in_the_Phonetics_of_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Certificate of Proficiency in the Phonetics of English">Certificate of Proficiency in the Phonetics of English</a></i> is awarded. </p><p>From 2003 to 2007 he was president of the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Association" title="International Phonetic Association">International Phonetic Association</a>. He is also a member of the six-man Academic Advisory Committee at <a href="/wiki/Linguaphone_(company)" title="Linguaphone (company)">Linguaphone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wells has long been a pioneer of new technology. He is the inventor of the <a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a> ASCII <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic alphabet</a> for use in <a href="/wiki/Digital_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital computer">digital computers</a> that could not handle IPA symbols. He learned HTML during the mid-1990s, and he created a Web page that compiled media references to <a href="/wiki/Estuary_English" title="Estuary English">Estuary English</a>, although he was sceptical of the concept.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After retirement, Wells ran a regular blog on phonetic topics from March 2006 to April 2013. He announced the end of his blog on 22 April 2013 saying, "if I have nothing new to say, then the best plan is to stop talking."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_on_accents_of_English">Work on accents of English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work on accents of English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lexical_sets" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexical sets">Lexical sets</a></div> <p>A considerable part of Wells's research focuses on the phonetic description of <a href="/wiki/List_of_dialects_of_the_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of dialects of the English language">varieties of English</a>. In 1982, Cambridge University Press published his three volumes of <i>Accents of English</i> that described accents all over the English-speaking world in phonetic terminology. This applied consistent terminology to accents that had previously been analysed in isolation. <i>Accents of English</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> defined the concept of <i>lexical sets,</i> a concept in wide usage. A lexical set is a set of words (named with a designated element) that share a special characteristic. For example, words belonging to lexical set BATH have the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/æ/</span> phoneme in the United States and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɑː/</span> phoneme in <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a>. In addition, Wells is acknowledged as the source of the term <i><a href="/wiki/Rhoticity_in_English" title="Rhoticity in English">rhotic</a></i> to describe accents where the letter <a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a> in spelling is always pronounced phonetically.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before writing <i>Accents of English</i>, Wells had written a very critical review of the <i>Linguistic Atlas of England</i>, which was the principal output of the <a href="/wiki/Survey_of_English_Dialects" title="Survey of English Dialects">Survey of English Dialects</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wells_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wells-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He argued that the methodology was outdated, that the sample was not representative of the population and that it was not possible to "discover with any certainty the synchronic vowel-system in each of the localities investigated".<sup id="cite_ref-Wells_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wells-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/KM_Petyt" class="mw-redirect" title="KM Petyt">KM Petyt</a> noted in his review of <i>Accents of English</i> that Wells had made abundant use of the data from the Survey of English Dialects in some sections of the work whilst criticising the survey in other parts of the same work.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wells was part of the committee of the <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Linguarum_Europae" title="Atlas Linguarum Europae">Atlas Linguarum Europae</a> for England and Wales, but never played a large role.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Longman_Pronunciation_Dictionary"><i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Longman Pronunciation Dictionary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wells was appointed by <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a> to write its pronunciation dictionary, the first edition of which was published in 1990. There had not been a pronunciation dictionary <a href="/wiki/Published" class="mw-redirect" title="Published">published</a> in the United Kingdom since 1977, when <a href="/wiki/Alfred_C._Gimson" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred C. Gimson">Alfred C. Gimson</a> published his last (the 14th) edition of <i>English Pronouncing Dictionary</i>. The book by Wells had a much greater scope, including American pronunciations as well as RP pronunciations and including non-RP pronunciations widespread in Great Britain (such as use of a short vowel in the words <i>bath, chance, last</i>, etc. and of a long vowel in <i>book, look</i>, etc.). His book also included transcriptions of foreign words in their native languages and local pronunciations of place names in the English-speaking world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Esperanto">Esperanto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Esperanto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_05.JPG/220px-2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_05.JPG/330px-2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_05.JPG/440px-2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>John Wells at the <a href="/wiki/World_Congress_of_Esperanto" class="mw-redirect" title="World Congress of Esperanto">World Congress of Esperanto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>Wells was the president of the <a href="/wiki/World_Esperanto_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="World Esperanto Association">World Esperanto Association</a> (UEA) from 1989 to 1995. He has also been the president of the <a href="/wiki/Akademio_de_Esperanto" title="Akademio de Esperanto">Esperanto Academy</a> (2007–2013) <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Association_of_Britain" title="Esperanto Association of Britain">Esperanto Association of Britain</a> (2011–2013).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_for_spelling_reform">Work for spelling reform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Work for spelling reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wells was president of the <a href="/wiki/Spelling_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Spelling Society">Spelling Society</a>, which advocates spelling reform, from 2003 to 2013. He was criticised in a speech by <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> for advocating tolerance of <a href="/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">text spelling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His father was originally from South Africa, and his mother was English; he has two younger brothers. Wells grew up in <a href="/wiki/Up_Holland" title="Up Holland">Up Holland</a>, Lancashire, born to the vicar of the parish, Philip Wells.<sup id="cite_ref-J_C_Wells_-_personal_history_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J_C_Wells_-_personal_history-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has commented on the accent of the area and how it contrasted with the <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a> that was spoken in his home in his book <i>Accents of English; vol. 2: the British Isles</i>. </p><p>He attended <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_School,_Leatherhead" title="St John's School, Leatherhead">St John's School, Leatherhead</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="I would like a better source. "Who's Who" is a subscription site and I cannot verify the info referenced (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> studied languages and taught himself <a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a>. Having learned <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>, he was interviewed in Welsh on radio; according to his <a href="/wiki/Curriculum_vitae" title="Curriculum vitae">CV</a>, he has a reasonable knowledge of ten languages.<sup id="cite_ref-CV_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CV-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was apparently approached by the <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a> to work on speaker identification but turned down the offer as it was still considered unacceptable to be gay at the time, and he feared that the security check would make his sexual orientation public.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2006 he signed a <a href="/wiki/Civil_partnership_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Civil partnership in the United Kingdom">civil partnership</a> with Gabriel Parsons, a native of <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a> and his partner since 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wells is a member of <a href="/wiki/London_Gay_Men%27s_Chorus" title="London Gay Men's Chorus">London Gay Men's Chorus</a> and was featured in their <i><a href="/wiki/It_Gets_Better" class="mw-redirect" title="It Gets Better">It Gets Better</a></i> video.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also a player of the <a href="/wiki/Diatonic_button_accordion" title="Diatonic button accordion">melodeon</a><sup id="cite_ref-bio_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has uploaded videos of his playing to YouTube.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essays">Essays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Essays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1962 – <i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ə<span class="wrap"> </span>spesəmin<span class="wrap"> </span>əv<span class="wrap"> </span>britiʃ<span class="wrap"> </span>iŋgliʃ</span></i> [<i>A specimen of British English</i>]. In: <i>Maître Phonétique</i> Nr. 117, S. 2–5. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44705582">44705582</a></li> <li>1967 – <i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">spesimɛn</span>. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">*dʒəmeikən<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkriːoul</span></i> [<i>Specimen. Jamaican Creole</i>]. In: <i>Maître Phonétique</i>, Nr. 127 S. 5. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44705724">44705724</a></li> <li>1968 – <i>Nonprevocalic intrusive r in urban Hampshire</i>. IN: <i>Progress Report</i>, UCL Phonetics Laboratory, S. 56–57</li> <li>1970 – <i>Local accents in England and Wales</i>. In: <i>J.Ling.</i>, Nr. 6, S. 231–252.</li> <li>1979 – <i>Final voicing and vowel length in Welsh</i>. In: <i>Phonetica</i>. 36.4–5, S. 344–360.</li> <li>1980 – <i>The brogue that isn't</i>. In: <i>JIPA</i> vol. 10 (1980), S. 74–79. Can be read online.</li> <li>1985 – <i>English accents in England</i>. In: P. Trudgill (Hrsg.): <i>Language in the British Isles</i>. Cambridge University Press. 55–69.</li> <li>1985 – <i>English pronunciation and its dictionary representation</i>. In: R. Ilson: (Hrsg.): <i>Dictionaries, lexicography and language learning</i>. Oxford: Pergamon.</li> <li>1994 – <i>The Cockneyfication of RP?</i>. In: G. Melchers u.a. (Hrsg.): <i>Nonstandard Varieties of Language</i>. Papers from the Stockholm Symposium 11–13 April 1991. 198–205. Stockholm Studies in English LXXXIV. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International.</li> <li>1995 – <i>New syllabic consonants in English</i>. In: J. Windsor Lewis (Hrsg.): <i>Studies in General and English Phonetics. Essays in honour of Prof. J.D. O'Connor</i>. London: Routledge. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-08068-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-08068-1">0-415-08068-1</a>.</li> <li>1995 – <i>Age grading in English pronunciation preferences</i>. In: <i>Proceedings of ICPhS 95</i>, Stockholm, vol. 3:696–699.</li> <li>1996 – <i>Why phonetic transcription is important</i>. In: <i>Malsori</i> (Journal of the Phonetic Society of Korea) 31–32, S. 239–242.</li> <li>1997 – <i>What's happening to Received Pronunciation?</i>. In: <i>English Phonetics</i> (English Phonetic Society of Japan), 1, S. 13–23.</li> <li>1997 – <i>Our changing pronunciation</i>. In: <i>Transactions of the Yorkshire Dialect Society</i> xix, S. 42–48</li> <li>1997 – <i>One of three named "main technical authors" for Part IV, Spoken language reference materials</i>. In: D. Gibbon u.a. (Hrsg.): <i>Handbook of Standards and Resources for Spoken Language Systems</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1997.</li> <li>1997 – <i>Whatever happened to Received Pronunciation?</i> In: Medina & Soto (Hrsg): <i>II Jornadas de Estudios Ingleses</i>, Universidad de Jaén, Spain, S. 19–28.</li> <li>1997 – <i>Is RP turning into Cockney?</i>. In: M. P. Dvorzhetska, A. A. Kalita (Hrsg.): <i>Studies in Communicative Phonetics and Foreign Language Teaching Methodology</i>. Kyiv State Linguistic University, Ukraine, S. 10–15.</li> <li>1999 – <i>Which pronunciation do you prefer?</i>. In: <i>IATEFL</i> Bd. 149, June–July 1999, "The Changing Language", S. 10–11.</li> <li>1999 – <i>Pronunciation preferences in British English. A new survey</i>. In: <i>Proc. of the 14th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences</i>, San Francisco, 1999.</li> <li>2000 – <i>British English pronunciation preferences. A changing scene</i>. In: <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i> (1999) 29 (1), S. 33–50.</li> <li>2000 – <i>Overcoming phonetic interference</i>. In: <i>English Phonetics</i> (Journal of the English Phonetic Society of Japan), Nr. 3, S. 9–21.</li> <li>2001 – <i>Orthographic diacritics</i>. In: <i>Language Problems and Language Planning</i> 24.3.</li> <li>2002 – <i>John Wells</i>. In: K. Brown, V. Law (Hrsg.): <i>Linguistics in Britain. Personal histories</i>. Publications of the Philological Society, 36. Oxford: Blackwell.</li> <li>2002 – <i>Accents in Britain today</i>. In: Ewa Waniek-Klimczak, Patrick J. Melia (Hrsg.): <i>Accents and Speech in Teaching English Phonetics and Phonology</i>. Lang, Frankfurt/M. 2002 [2003]. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-631-39616-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-631-39616-3">3-631-39616-3</a>, S. 9–17.</li> <li>2003 – <i>Phonetic research by written questionnaire</i>. In: M. J. Solé, u.a. (Hrsg.): <i>Proc. 15th Int. Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Barcelona</i>, R.4.7:4</li> <li>2003 – <i>Phonetic symbols in word processing and on the web</i>. In: M. J. Solé u.a. (Hrsg..): <i>Proc. 15th Int. Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Barcelona</i>, S.2.8:6</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monographs">Monographs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Monographs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1962 – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/formants/index.htm"><i>A study of the formants of the pure vowels of British English</i>.</a> Unpublished MA thesis, University of London.</li> <li>1971 – <i>Practical Phonetics</i>. London: Pitman. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-273-43949-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-273-43949-9">0-273-43949-9</a> (with G. Colson)</li> <li>1973 – <i>Jamaican pronunciation in London</i>. Publications of the Philological Society xxv. Oxford: Blackwell. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-14730-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-14730-6">0-631-14730-6</a>. (Revised version of his PhD dissertation, 1971.)</li> <li>1990 – <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i>. Longman. (ESU Duke of Edinburgh's Prize.)</li> <li>1993 – <i>Hutchinson Dictionary of Difficult Words</i>. Edited by John Ayto. Oxford: Helicon.</li> <li>1994 – <i>Longman Interactive English Dictionary</i>. CD-ROM, incorporating a spoken version of the Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. ACT Multimedia/ Harlow: Longman, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-23694-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-23694-0">0-582-23694-0</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells,_J._C.1969" class="citation book cs1">Wells, J. C. (1969). <i>Concise Esperanto and English Dictionary</i>. Kent: Teach Yourself Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-27576-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-27576-6"><bdi>0-340-27576-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Esperanto+and+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Kent&rft.pub=Teach+Yourself+Books&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-340-27576-6&rft.au=Wells%2C+J.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells,_J._C.1982" class="citation book cs1">Wells, J. C. (1982). <i>Accents of English (Three volumes + cassette)</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-22919-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-22919-7"><bdi>0-521-22919-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accents+of+English+%28Three+volumes+%2B+cassette%29&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-521-22919-7&rft.au=Wells%2C+J.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span> Vol. 1: an Introduction; vol. 2: the British Isles; vol. 3: Beyond the British Isles</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells,_J._C.1985" class="citation book cs1">Wells, J. C. (1985). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geiriaduresperan00well"><i>Geiriadur Esperanto / Kimra Vortaro</i></a></span>. London: Grŵp Pump/Group Five. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-906632-02-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-906632-02-1"><bdi>0-906632-02-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geiriadur+Esperanto+%2F+Kimra+Vortaro&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Gr%C5%B5p+Pump%2FGroup+Five&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-906632-02-1&rft.au=Wells%2C+J.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeiriaduresperan00well&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells,_J._C.2000" class="citation book cs1">Wells, J. C. (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/longmanpronuncia00jcwe"><i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i></a></span>. Harlow, England: Pearson Education Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/058236468X" title="Special:BookSources/058236468X"><bdi>058236468X</bdi></a>. (casebound), 0582364671 (paperback edition).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.place=Harlow%2C+England&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+Ltd&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=058236468X&rft.au=Wells%2C+J.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flongmanpronuncia00jcwe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells,_J._C.2006" class="citation book cs1">Wells, J. C. (2006). <i>English Intonation: an Introduction</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-68380-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-68380-7"><bdi>0-521-68380-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Intonation%3A+an+Introduction&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-521-68380-7&rft.au=Wells%2C+J.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Wells, J. C. (2014). <i>Sounds Interesting: Observations on English and General Phonetics</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Wells, J. C. (2016). <i>Sounds Fascinating: Further Observations on English Phonetics and Phonology</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 44em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CV-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CV_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CV_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/cv.htm">"Professor J. C. Wells: brief curriculum vitae"</a>. <i>UCL Psychology & Language Sciences</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCL+Psychology+%26+Language+Sciences&rft.atitle=Professor+J.+C.+Wells%3A+brief+curriculum+vitae&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phon.ucl.ac.uk%2Fhome%2Fwells%2Fcv.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yek.me.uk/wellsap.html">"On the Retirement of Emeritus Professor John Christopher Wells"</a>. <i>www.yek.me.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.yek.me.uk&rft.atitle=On+the+Retirement+of+Emeritus+Professor+John+Christopher+Wells&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yek.me.uk%2Fwellsap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102185418/http://www.linguaphonegroup.com/englishlanguagetraining/academicadvisorycommittee.cfm">"Linguaphone Academic Advisory Committee"</a>. Linguaphone Group. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linguaphonegroup.com/englishlanguagetraining/academicadvisorycommittee.cfm">the original</a> on 2 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linguaphone+Academic+Advisory+Committee&rft.pub=Linguaphone+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linguaphonegroup.com%2Fenglishlanguagetraining%2Facademicadvisorycommittee.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bio_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205051419/http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/philsoc-bio.htm">"My personal history"</a>. <i>UCL Psychology & Language Sciences</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/philsoc-bio.htm">the original</a> on 5 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCL+Psychology+%26+Language+Sciences&rft.atitle=My+personal+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phon.ucl.ac.uk%2Fhome%2Fwells%2Fphilsoc-bio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.co.uk/2013/04/click-farewell.html">"click farewell"</a>. <i>John Wells's phonetic blog</i>. 22 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=John+Wells%27s+phonetic+blog&rft.atitle=click+farewell&rft.date=2013-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphonetic-blog.blogspot.co.uk%2F2013%2F04%2Fclick-farewell.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wells (1982)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> documentation of the word's first use is as follows: "<b>rhotic</b> ... <b>1968</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">J. C. Wells</span> in <i>Progress Rep. Phonetics Lab. Univ. Coll. London</i> (unpublished) June 56 It was possible to divide respondents into three categories: A. (<i>non-rhotic</i>) Those who had nonprevocalic r-colouring neither for <i>‑er</i> nor for <i>‑a</i>; B. (<i>rhotic</i>) Those who had nonprevocalic r-colouring for <i>‑er</i> but not for <i>‑a</i>; C. (<i>hyperrhotic</i>)." Cf. Wells's Twitter account at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/jcwells_phon/status/1136687808503062529">https://twitter.com/jcwells_phon/status/1136687808503062529</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wells-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wells_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wells_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_C_Wells1978" class="citation journal cs1">John C Wells (1 December 1978) [Placed on the web 7 April 1999]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/estuary/lae-revw.htm">"Review of the Linguistic Atlas of England"</a>. <i>The Times Higher Education Supplement</i> – via UCL Psychology & Language Sciences.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+Higher+Education+Supplement&rft.atitle=Review+of+the+Linguistic+Atlas+of+England&rft.date=1978-12-01&rft.au=John+C+Wells&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phon.ucl.ac.uk%2Fhome%2Festuary%2Flae-revw.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetyt1982" class="citation journal cs1">Petyt, K. M. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1796764&fulltextType=BR&fileId=S0025100300002516">"Reviews: J. C. Wells: Accents of English"</a>. <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>. <b>12</b> (2). Cambridge: 104–112. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300002516">10.1017/S0025100300002516</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146349564">146349564</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Reviews%3A+J.+C.+Wells%3A+Accents+of+English&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=104-112&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300002516&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146349564%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Petyt&rft.aufirst=K.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%2Faction%2FdisplayAbstract%3FfromPage%3Donline%26aid%3D1796764%26fulltextType%3DBR%26fileId%3DS0025100300002516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAveyard2023" class="citation journal cs1">Aveyard, Edward (2023). "The Atlas Linguarum Europae in Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland". <i>Transactions of the Yorkshire Dialect Society</i>: 3–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Yorkshire+Dialect+Society&rft.atitle=The+Atlas+Linguarum+Europae+in+Great+Britain+and+the+Republic+of+Ireland&rft.pages=3-11&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Aveyard&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legacy.esperanto.org.uk/eab/eab_reports/presidents.htm">"Presidents of the Association"</a>. <i>esperanto.org.uk</i>. Esperanto Asocio de Britio.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=esperanto.org.uk&rft.atitle=Presidents+of+the+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegacy.esperanto.org.uk%2Feab%2Feab_reports%2Fpresidents.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2008/oct/01/davidcameron.toryconference1">"David Cameron's speech in full"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 1 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=David+Cameron%27s+speech+in+full&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2008%2Foct%2F01%2Fdavidcameron.toryconference1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-J_C_Wells_-_personal_history-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-J_C_Wells_-_personal_history_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205051419/http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/philsoc-bio.htm">"J C Wells - personal history"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/philsoc-bio.htm">the original</a> on 5 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J+C+Wells+-+personal+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phon.ucl.ac.uk%2Fhome%2Fwells%2Fphilsoc-bio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2012" class="citation web cs1">Wells, John (16 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.com/2012/03/english-places.html">"John Wells's phonetic blog: English places"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Wells%27s+phonetic+blog%3A+English+places&rft.date=2012-03-16&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphonetic-blog.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F03%2Fenglish-places.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/cv.htm">"John and Gabriel"</a>. <i>UCL Psychology & Language Sciences</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCL+Psychology+%26+Language+Sciences&rft.atitle=John+and+Gabriel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phon.ucl.ac.uk%2Fhome%2Fwells%2Fcv.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dx-BjfAvW6o">"London Gay Men's Chorus - 'It Gets Better' Episode 2"</a>. London Gay Men's Chorus. 25 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=London+Gay+Men%27s+Chorus+-+%27It+Gets+Better%27+Episode+2&rft.pub=London+Gay+Men%27s+Chorus&rft.date=2010-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Ddx-BjfAvW6o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+C.+Wells" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/index.html">John C. Wells's homepage</a>: detailing academic works, professional experiences, and personal history.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.com/">John C. Wells's phonetic blog</a>: published regularly since 2006, and discontinued as of April 2013. Archives accessible at the sidebar. Pre-2009 blogs are <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/blog_archive_links.htm">here</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/jcwells_phon">John C. Wells</a> on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12811#P2002" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12811#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12811#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12811#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110812545">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/108685154">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbMcM4QKR4PD8kxQkqPcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/130455350">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50002831">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12195865g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12195865g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01165266">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000605560&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068839677">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018G5164">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810589235605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007462809005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01001610?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7547-3983">ORCID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/554635">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/130455350">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030569729">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&oldid=1254087105">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&oldid=1254087105</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1939_births" title="Category:1939 births">1939 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academics_of_University_College_London" title="Category:Academics of University College London">Academics of University College London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Akademio_de_Esperanto_members" title="Category:Akademio de Esperanto members">Akademio de Esperanto members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_the_University_of_London" title="Category:Alumni of the University of London">Alumni of the University of London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge">Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_LGBTQ_academics" title="Category:British LGBTQ academics">British LGBTQ academics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_Esperantists" title="Category:English Esperantists">English Esperantists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_gay_writers" title="Category:English gay writers">English gay writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_LGBTQ_scientists" title="Category:English LGBTQ scientists">English LGBTQ scientists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Linguists_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Linguists from the United Kingdom">Linguists from the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Linguists_of_English" title="Category:Linguists of English">Linguists of English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_St_John%27s_School,_Leatherhead" title="Category:People educated at St John's School, Leatherhead">People educated at St John's School, Leatherhead</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Bootle" title="Category:People from Bootle">People from Bootle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phoneticians" title="Category:Phoneticians">Phoneticians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_Universal_Esperanto_Association" title="Category:Presidents of the Universal Esperanto Association">Presidents of the Universal Esperanto Association</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_male_writers" title="Category:20th-century English male writers">20th-century English male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_English_male_writers" title="Category:21st-century English male writers">21st-century English male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_LGBTQ_people" title="Category:20th-century English LGBTQ people">20th-century English LGBTQ people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_English_LGBTQ_people" title="Category:21st-century English LGBTQ people">21st-century English LGBTQ people</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_August_2014" title="Category:EngvarB from August 2014">EngvarB from August 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2014" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2014">Use dmy dates from August 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 October 2024, at 10:49<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-qnvsb","wgBackendResponseTime":133,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.679","walltime":"0.947","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4860,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":65460,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6656,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":81298,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 808.265 1 -total"," 27.69% 223.783 1 Template:Infobox_academic"," 14.40% 116.396 1 Template:Authority_control"," 11.89% 96.120 1 Template:Reflist"," 8.85% 71.512 5 Template:Cite_book"," 8.16% 65.985 5 Template:ISBN"," 8.14% 65.828 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.23% 50.375 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age"," 6.02% 48.659 5 Template:Catalog_lookup_link"," 5.06% 40.898 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.454","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8830486,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-vqkvc","timestamp":"20241122141110","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"John C. Wells","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_C._Wells","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12811","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12811","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-07-30T22:54:36Z","dateModified":"2024-10-29T10:49:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d5\/2008-07-21_uk_iku_wells_02.JPG","headline":"British phonetician and Esperanto teacher"}</script> </body> </html>