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Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Geschiedenis" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Deelterreinen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deelterreinen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Deelterreinen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deelterreinen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Deelterreinen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deelterreinen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Disciplines_binnen_de_geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disciplines_binnen_de_geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Disciplines binnen de geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disciplines_binnen_de_geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis_per_onderwerp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis_per_onderwerp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Geschiedenis per onderwerp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis_per_onderwerp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis_per_locatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis_per_locatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Geschiedenis per locatie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis_per_locatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hulpwetenschappen_van_de_geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hulpwetenschappen_van_de_geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hulpwetenschappen van de geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hulpwetenschappen_van_de_geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis_als_leervak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis_als_leervak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geschiedenis als leervak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geschiedenis_als_leervak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Geschiedenis als leervak-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis_als_leervak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nederland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nederland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Nederland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nederland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vlaanderen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vlaanderen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Vlaanderen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vlaanderen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periodiseringen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodiseringen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Periodiseringen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodiseringen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perioden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perioden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Perioden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perioden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historische_lijsten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historische_lijsten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historische lijsten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historische_lijsten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lijsten_van_A_tot_Z" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lijsten_van_A_tot_Z"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lijsten van A tot Z</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lijsten_van_A_tot_Z-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Geschiedenis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 235 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-235" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">235 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8A" title="Тарихъ – Adygees" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тарихъ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geskiedenis_(vakgebied)" title="Geskiedenis (vakgebied) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geskiedenis (vakgebied)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte" title="Geschichte – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Geschichte" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B3%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AD" title="ታሪክ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ታሪክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C7%A3r" title="Stǣr – Oudengels" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Stǣr" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Oudengels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="تاريخ – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاريخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="تاريخ – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تاريخ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="تاريخ – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تاريخ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="ইতিহাস – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих – Avarisch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Тарих" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izvopa" title="Izvopa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Izvopa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayra_sarnaqawi" title="Nayra sarnaqawi – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Nayra sarnaqawi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarix" title="Tarix – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tarix" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="تاریخ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تاریخ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тарих" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gschicht" title="Gschicht – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gschicht" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istuor%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Istuorėjė – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Istuorėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uusipon" title="Uusipon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Uusipon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гісторыя – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гісторыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Гісторыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гісторыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Sejarah" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="История – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="История" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="इतिहास – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इतिहास" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB" title="သမဲင်ꩻ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သမဲင်ꩻ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariku" title="Tariku – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Tariku" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="ইতিহাস – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ལོ་རྒྱུས། – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལོ་རྒྱུས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istor" title="Istor – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Istor" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historija" title="Historija – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Historija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85%D1%8D" title="Түүхэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Түүхэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria" title="Història – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Història" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%ADk-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Lĭk-sṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lĭk-sṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Истори – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Истори" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasaysayan" title="Kasaysayan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kasaysayan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88" title="مێژوو – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مێژوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia" title="Storia – Corsicaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Storia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsicaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarih" title="Tarih – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Tarih" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%9Bjiny" title="Dějiny – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dějiny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Їсторїꙗ – Kerkslavisch" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їсторїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslavisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Истори – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Истори" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanes" title="Hanes – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hanes" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historie" title="Historie – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Historie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte" title="Geschichte – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geschichte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarix" title="Tarix – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tarix" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6" title="བྱུང་རབས – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བྱུང་རབས" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιστορία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιστορία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B2ria" title="Stòria – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Stòria" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History" title="History – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="History" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio" title="Historio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Historio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajalugu" title="Ajalugu – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ajalugu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoria" title="Estoria – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Estoria" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="تاریخ – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aolugu" title="Aolugu – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Aolugu" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8ga" title="Søga – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Søga" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire" title="Histoire – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histou%C3%A8re" title="Histouère – Arpitaans" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Histouère" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoori" title="Histoori – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Histoori" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storie" title="Storie – Friulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Storie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiednis" title="Skiednis – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skiednis" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stair" title="Stair – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Stair" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="歷史 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="歷史" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listw%C3%A8" title="Listwè – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Listwè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eachdraidh" title="Eachdraidh – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eachdraidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marandeko" title="Marandeko – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Marandeko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itihas" title="Itihas – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Itihas" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8" title="ઇતિહાસ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઇતિહાસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shennaghys" title="Shennaghys – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shennaghys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarihi" title="Tarihi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tarihi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%CC%8Dt-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%81" title="Li̍t-sṳ́ – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Li̍t-sṳ́" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="היסטוריה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היסטוריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="इतिहास – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इतिहास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itihaas" title="Itihaas – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Itihaas" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povijest" title="Povijest – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Povijest" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istwa" title="Istwa – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Istwa" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nelem" title="Történelem – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Történelem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Պատմություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պատմություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Sejarah" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sejarah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historie" title="Historie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Historie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81k%C3%ADk%C3%B3_mbu" title="Ákíkó mbu – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ákíkó mbu" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakasaritaan" title="Pakasaritaan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pakasaritaan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Тархьар – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Тархьар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio" title="Historio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Historio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saga" title="Saga – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Saga" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia" title="Storia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%96%83%E1%90%85%E1%94%A8%E1%93%B4%E1%95%90%E1%93%82%E1%96%85_%E1%91%8E%E1%91%8E%E1%96%85%E1%91%B2%E1%91%8E%E1%92%8D%E1%91%A6_%E1%96%83%E1%93%84%E1%90%83%E1%93%95%E1%90%85%E1%96%85%E1%91%95%E1%90%85%E1%96%83%E1%91%A6%E1%91%95%E1%95%90%E1%93%82%E1%91%AF%E1%93%82%E1%92%83" title="ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᑎᒍᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑯᓂᒃ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᑎᒍᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑯᓂᒃ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2" title="歴史 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="歴史" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischri" title="Ischri – Jamaicaans Creools" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ischri" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaicaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/citri" title="citri – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="citri" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajarah" title="Sajarah – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sajarah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ისტორია – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ისტორია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amezruy" title="Amezruy – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Amezruy" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тарих" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oqaluttuarisaaneq" title="Oqaluttuarisaaneq – Groenlands" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Oqaluttuarisaaneq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Groenlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A" title="ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8" title="ಇತಿಹಾಸ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇತಿಹಾಸ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="역사 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="역사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих – Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Тарих" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%B2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%AE" title="تَوٲریٖخ – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تَوٲریٖخ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AErok" title="Dîrok – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dîrok" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BC" title="Важвылӧм – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Важвылӧм" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istori" title="Istori – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Istori" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Тарых – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тарых" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoria" title="Istoria – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Istoria" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschicht" title="Geschicht – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Geschicht" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Тарих" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих – Lezgisch" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Тарих" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoria" title="Istoria – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Istoria" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historie" title="Historie – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Historie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B6ia" title="Stöia – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Stöia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia" title="Storia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Storia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B2ria" title="Stòria – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Stòria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisol%C3%B3" title="Lisoló – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lisoló" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ປະຫວັດສາດ – Laotiaans" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະຫວັດສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istorija" title="Istorija – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Istorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viesture" title="Viesture – Letgaals" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Viesture" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Letgaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%93sture" title="Vēsture – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vēsture" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajh%C3%A2r%C3%A2" title="Sajhârâ – Madoerees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Sajhârâ" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madoerees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Sejarah" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Историясь – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Историясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantara" title="Tantara – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tantara" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Эртыш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Эртыш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Историја – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Историја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ചരിത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചരിത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85" title="Түүх – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Түүх" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯂꯤ – Meitei" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯂꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Meitei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%81%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ဝၚ် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဝၚ်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="इतिहास – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इतिहास" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sejarah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storja" title="Storja – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Storja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B3ria" title="Stória – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Stória" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="သမိုင်း – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သမိုင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="بگذشتی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بگذشتی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia" title="Storia – Napolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Storia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Napolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historie" title="Historie – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Historie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenis" title="Geschiedenis – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Geschiedenis" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="इतिहास – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इतिहास" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="इतिहास – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इतिहास" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikaya" title="Hikaya – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Hikaya" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historie" title="Historie – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Historie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historie" title="Historie – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Historie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historie" title="Historie – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Historie" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histou%C3%A8re" title="Histouère – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Histouère" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditiragalo" title="Ditiragalo – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ditiragalo" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Istòria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histourii" title="Histourii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Histourii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seenaa" title="Seenaa – Afaan Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Seenaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Afaan Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8" title="ଇତିହାସ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇତିହାସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Истори – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Истори" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8" title="ਇਤਿਹਾਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਤਿਹਾਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amlat" title="Amlat – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amlat" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – Papiaments" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiaments" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histo%C3%A8re" title="Histoère – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Histoère" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gschicht" title="Gschicht – Pennsylvania-Duits" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Gschicht" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania-Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte" title="Geschichte – Paltsisch" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Geschichte" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Paltsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histrei" title="Histrei – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Histrei" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="تریخ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تریخ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιστορία – Pontisch" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ιστορία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9_(%DA%A9%DA%93%DA%A9%DB%90%DA%9A)" title="پېښليک (کړکېښ) – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پېښليک (کړکېښ)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria" title="História – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="História" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/likisi" title="likisi – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="likisi" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi%C3%B1ay_kawsay" title="Wiñay kawsay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wiñay kawsay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istorgia" title="Istorgia – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Istorgia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istorie" title="Istorie – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Istorie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istorie" title="Istorie – Aroemeens" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Istorie" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aroemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storie" title="Storie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Storie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="История – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="История" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Історія – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Історія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%83" title="इतिहासः – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="इतिहासः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="История – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="История" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Istòria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia" title="Storia – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Storia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/History" title="History – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="History" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="تاريخ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تاريخ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historija" title="Historija – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Historija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amzruy" title="Amzruy – Tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Amzruy" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA" title="ඉතිහාසය – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉතිහාසය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/History" title="History – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="History" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dejiny" title="Dejiny – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dejiny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgodovina" title="Zgodovina – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zgodovina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhoroondo" title="Nhoroondo – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nhoroondo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taariikh" title="Taariikh – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Taariikh" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Историја – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Историја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geskichte" title="Geskichte – Saterfries" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Geskichte" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajarah" title="Sajarah – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sajarah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia" title="Historia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Historia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyszichta" title="Gyszichta – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gyszichta" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/likisi" title="likisi – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="likisi" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="வரலாறு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வரலாறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0" title="చరిత్ర – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చరిత్ర" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ist%C3%B3ria" title="Istória – Tetun" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Istória" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Таърих – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Таърих" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ประวัติศาสตร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประวัติศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B3%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%BD" title="ታሪኽ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ታሪኽ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taryh" title="Taryh – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Taryh" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasaysayan" title="Kasaysayan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kasaysayan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taryx" title="Taryx – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Taryx" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histori" title="Histori – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Histori" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarih" title="Tarih – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tarih" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тарих" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abak%C9%94s%C9%9Bm" title="Abakɔsɛm – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Abakɔsɛm" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%AE" title="تارىخ – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تارىخ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Історія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Історія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="تاریخ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تاریخ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarix" title="Tarix – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tarix" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoria" title="Istoria – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Istoria" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istorii" title="Istorii – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Istorii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD" title="Lịch sử – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lịch sử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenav" title="Jenav – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Jenav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istwere" title="Istwere – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Istwere" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasaysayan" title="Kasaysayan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kasaysayan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taariix" title="Taariix – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Taariix" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="歷史 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="歷史" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imbali" title="Imbali – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Imbali" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ისტორია – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ისტორია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="היסטאריע – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="היסטאריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ct%C3%A0n" title="Ìtàn – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìtàn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizsij" title="Lizsij – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Lizsij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenisse" title="Geschiedenisse – Zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Geschiedenisse" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%A2" title="ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="历史 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="历史" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2" title="史 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="史" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%CC%8Dk-s%C3%BA" title="Le̍k-sú – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Le̍k-sú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="歷史 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="歷史" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q309#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-woordenboek" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="tpl_Woordenboek"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/geschiedenis" title="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek"><img alt="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nikolaos_Gyzis_-_Historia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Nikolaos_Gyzis_-_Historia.jpg/260px-Nikolaos_Gyzis_-_Historia.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Nikolaos_Gyzis_-_Historia.jpg/390px-Nikolaos_Gyzis_-_Historia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Nikolaos_Gyzis_-_Historia.jpg/520px-Nikolaos_Gyzis_-_Historia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><i>Historia</i> (<a href="/wiki/Allegorie_(beeldende_kunst)" title="Allegorie (beeldende kunst)">allegorie</a> van geschiedenis), <a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Gyzis" title="Nikolaos Gyzis">Nikolaos Gyzis</a>, 1892</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Geschiedenis</b> is onder meer de <a href="/wiki/Vakwetenschap" title="Vakwetenschap">vakdiscipline</a>, die zich bezighoudt met de studie van <a href="/wiki/Chronologie" title="Chronologie">chronologische</a> ordening van gebeurtenissen in het <a href="/wiki/Verleden" class="mw-redirect" title="Verleden">verleden</a>, zich daarbij baserend op kritisch onderzoek van <a href="/wiki/Historische_bron" title="Historische bron">bronnen</a>. </p><p>Geschiedenis in de ruime betekenis is ook alles wat volgens mondelinge of schriftelijke overlevering in het verleden heeft plaatsgevonden, dus ook alle fenomenen die verandering ondergaan, met of zonder de mens. Een geschiedenis kan ook een <a href="/wiki/Verhaal" title="Verhaal">verhaal</a> zijn, met al of niet chronologische ordening van <a href="/wiki/Gebeurtenis_(letterkunde)" title="Gebeurtenis (letterkunde)">gebeurtenissen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Handeling_(letterkunde)" title="Handeling (letterkunde)">handelingen (acties)</a> door al of niet <a href="/wiki/Fictie" title="Fictie">fictieve</a> <a href="/wiki/Personage" title="Personage">personages</a>. Verhalen zijn zo het object van onderzoek in de <a href="/wiki/Narratologie" title="Narratologie">narratologie</a>. </p><p>Geschiedenis wordt gebaseerd op een grote diversiteit aan bronnen, zoals geschreven en gedrukte bronnen, interviews (<a href="/wiki/Mondelinge_geschiedenis" title="Mondelinge geschiedenis">mondelinge geschiedenis</a>) en ongeschreven bronnen uit de <a href="/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie">archeologie</a>. Sommige benaderingen zijn in de ene periode gebruikelijker dan in de andere. De periode van de gebeurtenissen uit de tijd vóór het <a href="/wiki/Schrift_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schrift (hoofdbetekenis)">schrift</a> staat bekend als de <a href="/wiki/Prehistorie" title="Prehistorie">prehistorie</a>. Een voorbeeld is de <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_Aarde" title="Geschiedenis van de Aarde">geschiedenis van de Aarde</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deelterreinen">Deelterreinen</h2></div> <p>De geschiedenis kent allerlei deelterreinen die op verschillende onderwijsinstellingen worden onderwezen, waaronder: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarische_geschiedenis" title="Agrarische geschiedenis">agrarische geschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_bouwkunst" title="Geschiedenis van de bouwkunst">architectuurgeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economische_geschiedenis" title="Economische geschiedenis">economische geschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedrijfsgeschiedenis" title="Bedrijfsgeschiedenis">bedrijfsgeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boekgeschiedenis" class="mw-redirect" title="Boekgeschiedenis">boekgeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecologische_geschiedenis" title="Ecologische geschiedenis">ecologische geschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendergeschiedenis" title="Gendergeschiedenis">gendergeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_filosofie" title="Geschiedenis van de filosofie">geschiedenis van de filosofie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_het_christendom" title="Geschiedenis van het christendom">geschiedenis van het christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_internationale_betrekkingen" title="Geschiedenis van internationale betrekkingen">geschiedenis van internationale betrekkingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godsdienstgeschiedenis" title="Godsdienstgeschiedenis">godsdienstgeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historische_demografie" class="mw-redirect" title="Historische demografie">historische demografie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historische_geografie" title="Historische geografie">historische geografie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idee%C3%ABngeschiedenis" title="Ideeëngeschiedenis">ideeëngeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutionele_geschiedenis" title="Institutionele geschiedenis">institutionele geschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intellectuele_geschiedenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intellectuele geschiedenis (de pagina bestaat niet)">intellectuele geschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_het_christendom" title="Geschiedenis van het christendom">kerkgeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krijgsgeschiedenis" title="Krijgsgeschiedenis">krijgsgeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunstgeschiedenis" title="Kunstgeschiedenis">kunstgeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literatuurgeschiedenis" title="Literatuurgeschiedenis">literatuurgeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritieme_geschiedenis" title="Maritieme geschiedenis">maritieme geschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentaliteitsgeschiedenis" title="Mentaliteitsgeschiedenis">mentaliteitsgeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krijgsgeschiedenis" title="Krijgsgeschiedenis">militaire geschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muziekgeschiedenis_(klassiek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muziekgeschiedenis (klassiek)">geschiedenis van de klassieke muziek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muziekgeschiedenis_(populair)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muziekgeschiedenis (populair)">geschiedenis van de populaire muziek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onderwijsgeschiedenis_(historische_pedagogiek)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onderwijsgeschiedenis (historische pedagogiek) (de pagina bestaat niet)">onderwijsgeschiedenis (historische pedagogiek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rechtsgeschiedenis" title="Rechtsgeschiedenis">rechtsgeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociale_geschiedenis" title="Sociale geschiedenis">sociale geschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theoretische_geschiedenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theoretische geschiedenis (de pagina bestaat niet)">theoretische geschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnationale_geschiedenis" title="Transnationale geschiedenis">transnationale geschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaderlandse_geschiedenis" title="Vaderlandse geschiedenis">vaderlandse geschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrouwengeschiedenis" title="Vrouwengeschiedenis">vrouwengeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetenschapsgeschiedenis" title="Wetenschapsgeschiedenis">wetenschapsgeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultuurgeschiedenis" title="Cultuurgeschiedenis">Cultuurgeschiedenis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disciplines_binnen_de_geschiedenis">Disciplines binnen de geschiedenis</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mythologie" title="Mythologie">Mythologie</a> is een onderwerp dat bestudeerd wordt door historici, maar ook door <a href="/wiki/Antropologen" class="mw-redirect" title="Antropologen">antropologen</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarische_geschiedenis" title="Agrarische geschiedenis">Agrarische geschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogie_(geschiedkunde)" title="Genealogie (geschiedkunde)">Genealogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedschrijving" title="Geschiedschrijving">Historiografie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monografie" title="Monografie">Monografie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medi%C3%ABvistiek" title="Mediëvistiek">Mediëvistiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadsgeschiedenis" title="Stadsgeschiedenis">Stadsgeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economische_geschiedenis" title="Economische geschiedenis">Economische geschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boekgeschiedenis" class="mw-redirect" title="Boekgeschiedenis">Boekgeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunstgeschiedenis" title="Kunstgeschiedenis">Kunstgeschiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychohistorie" title="Psychohistorie">Psychohistorie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geschiedenis_per_onderwerp">Geschiedenis per onderwerp</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_wereld" title="Geschiedenis van de wereld">Geschiedenis van de wereld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_het_bibliotheekwezen" title="Geschiedenis van het bibliotheekwezen">Geschiedenis van het bibliotheekwezen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_het_boeddhisme" title="Geschiedenis van het boeddhisme">Geschiedenis van het boeddhisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_het_christendom" title="Geschiedenis van het christendom">Geschiedenis van het christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_computer" title="Geschiedenis van de computer">Geschiedenis van de computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_het_Esperanto" class="mw-redirect" title="Geschiedenis van het Esperanto">Geschiedenis van het Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_film" title="Geschiedenis van de film">Geschiedenis van de film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_geschiedschrijving" class="mw-redirect" title="Geschiedenis van de geschiedschrijving">Geschiedenis van de geschiedschrijving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_keramiek" title="Geschiedenis van de keramiek">Geschiedenis van de keramiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_islam" title="Geschiedenis van de islam">Geschiedenis van de islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_klassieke_muziek" class="mw-redirect" title="Geschiedenis van de klassieke muziek">Geschiedenis van de klassieke muziek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_muzieknotatie" title="Geschiedenis van de muzieknotatie">Geschiedenis van de muzieknotatie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_oudheid" title="Geschiedenis van de oudheid">Geschiedenis van de oudheid</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geschiedenis_per_locatie">Geschiedenis per locatie</h3></div> <ul><li>Geschiedenis per <a href="/wiki/Werelddeel" title="Werelddeel">werelddeel</a>: <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Afrika" title="Geschiedenis van Afrika">Afrika</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Antarctica" title="Geschiedenis van Antarctica">Antarctica</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Australi%C3%AB" title="Geschiedenis van Australië">Australië</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Azi%C3%AB" title="Geschiedenis van Azië">Azië</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Europa" title="Geschiedenis van Europa">Europa</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Noord-Amerika" title="Geschiedenis van Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geschiedenis_van_Midden-Amerika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geschiedenis van Midden-Amerika (de pagina bestaat niet)">Midden-Amerika</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Zuid-Amerika" title="Geschiedenis van Zuid-Amerika">Zuid-Amerika</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Oceani%C3%AB" title="Geschiedenis van Oceanië">Oceanië</a></dd></dl></li> <li>Geschiedenis per <a href="/wiki/Land_(geografie)" title="Land (geografie)">land</a>: <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Afghanistan" title="Geschiedenis van Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Belgi%C3%AB" title="Geschiedenis van België">België</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bhutan#Geschiedenis" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> - <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Bulgarije" title="Geschiedenis van Bulgarije">Bulgarije</a> – <a href="/wiki/Myanmar#Geschiedenis" title="Myanmar">Birma</a> - <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_China" title="Geschiedenis van China">China</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Cyprus" title="Geschiedenis van Cyprus">Cyprus</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Denemarken" title="Geschiedenis van Denemarken">Denemarken</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Duitsland" title="Geschiedenis van Duitsland">Duitsland</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Engeland" title="Geschiedenis van Engeland">Engeland</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Egypte" title="Geschiedenis van Egypte">Egypte</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Frankrijk" title="Geschiedenis van Frankrijk">Frankrijk</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Griekenland" title="Geschiedenis van Griekenland">Griekenland</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Hongarije" title="Geschiedenis van Hongarije">Hongarije</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Ierland" title="Geschiedenis van Ierland">Ierland</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Geschiedenis van Indonesië">Indonesië</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Irak" title="Geschiedenis van Irak">Irak</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Geschiedenis van Israël">Israël</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Itali%C3%AB" title="Geschiedenis van Italië">Italië</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Japan" title="Geschiedenis van Japan">Japan</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Letland" title="Geschiedenis van Letland">Letland</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Litouwen" title="Geschiedenis van Litouwen">Litouwen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Mexico" title="Geschiedenis van Mexico">Mexico</a> – <a href="/wiki/Myanmar#Geschiedenis" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> - <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Nederland" title="Geschiedenis van Nederland">Nederland</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Noorwegen" title="Geschiedenis van Noorwegen">Noorwegen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Polen" title="Geschiedenis van Polen">Polen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Rusland" title="Geschiedenis van Rusland">Rusland</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Suriname" title="Geschiedenis van Suriname">Suriname</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Turkije" title="Geschiedenis van Turkije">Turkije</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_het_Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Geschiedenis van het Verenigd Koninkrijk">Verenigd Koninkrijk</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_Verenigde_Staten" title="Geschiedenis van de Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Vietnam" title="Geschiedenis van Vietnam">Vietnam</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hulpwetenschappen_van_de_geschiedenis">Hulpwetenschappen van de geschiedenis</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie">Archeologie</a> (oudheidkunde); de studie naar de overblijfselen van oude culturen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronologie" title="Chronologie">Chronologie</a> (tijdrekenkunde); de studie voor het lokaliseren van gebeurtenissen in de tijd</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codicologie" title="Codicologie">Codicologie</a> de studie van samengebonden manuscripten in een codex gezien als materieel voorwerp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptografie" title="Cryptografie">Cryptografie</a> (geheimschrift); de studie van het ontcijferen van geheimschriften</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigrafie" title="Epigrafie">Epigrafie</a> (opschriftkunde); de studie van inscripties die zijn aangebracht op steen of andere harde materialen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faleristiek" title="Faleristiek">Faleristiek</a> de studie van de vorm en de geschiedenis van de ridderorden én andere onderscheidingen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagiografie" title="Hagiografie">Hagiografie</a> (heiligenleven); de studie van biografieën van (christelijke) heiligen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldiek" title="Heraldiek">Heraldiek</a> de studie van de betekenis van wapenschilden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrologie" title="Metrologie">Metrologie</a> de studie van meting (maten, meetprocessen en meetfouten)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastiek" title="Onomastiek">Onomastiek</a> (naamkunde); de studie van de betekenis, de oorsprong en de verspreiding van namen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatiek" title="Numismatiek">Numismatiek</a> (muntkunde); de studie van alle tastbare vormen en geschiedenis van geld</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oorkondeleer" title="Oorkondeleer">Oorkondeleer</a> de studie van het ontstaan, de vorm en geschiedenis van oorkonden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleografie" title="Paleografie">Paleografie</a> de studie (het bestuderen en ontcijferen) van oude handschriften en archiefstukken</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zegelkunde" title="Zegelkunde">Sigillografie</a> (zegelkunde); de studie van zegels die als waarborg voor de echtheid van documenten gebruikt zijn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexillologie" title="Vexillologie">Vexillologie</a> (vlaggenkunde) de studie die zich bezighoudt met vlaggen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiskunde" title="Wiskunde">Mathematiek</a> (wiskunde) de studie van patronen en structuren</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis_als_leervak">Geschiedenis als leervak</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nederland">Nederland</h3></div> <p>Het vak geschiedenis wordt in Nederland op de verschillende onderwijsinstellingen verschillend onderwezen: </p> <ul><li>Bij geschiedenis op de <a href="/wiki/Basisonderwijs_in_Nederland" title="Basisonderwijs in Nederland">basisschool</a> staat het verhaal van de geschiedenis centraal. Belangrijke gebeurtenissen en personen worden daarbij in een breder kader geplaatst.</li> <li>In het <a href="/wiki/Voortgezet_onderwijs" class="mw-redirect" title="Voortgezet onderwijs">voortgezet onderwijs</a> is het <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenisonderwijs_(Nederland)" title="Geschiedenisonderwijs (Nederland)">geschiedenisonderwijs</a> vooral toegespitst op het aanleren van historische <a href="/wiki/Vaardigheid" title="Vaardigheid">vaardigheden</a> en wordt de kennis verder uitgediept. In de <a href="/wiki/Theoretische_leerweg" title="Theoretische leerweg">theoretische leerweg</a> van het vmbo ligt de nadruk op het opdoen van kennis en in het <a href="/wiki/Voorbereidend_wetenschappelijk_onderwijs" title="Voorbereidend wetenschappelijk onderwijs">vwo</a> bij het aanleren van de vaardigheden. Met ingang van 2007 werd in Nederland de geschiedenis in het basis- en voortgezet onderwijs cyclisch gebracht. Leerlingen krijgen de geschiedenis dan driemaal geleerd (basisonderwijs - onderbouw - bovenbouw), waarbij de diepgang telkens groter wordt. De leidraden hierbij vormen de <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenisonderwijs_(Nederland)" title="Geschiedenisonderwijs (Nederland)">tien tijdvakken</a> met 49 kenmerkende aspecten en de <a href="/wiki/Canon_van_Nederland" title="Canon van Nederland">canon van de geschiedenis</a> met 50 gebeurtenissen en personen die elke Nederlander zou moeten kennen.</li> <li>Op universitair niveau is geschiedenis een volwaardige studierichting, veelal binnen de letterenfaculteit. Daarnaast zijn er op <a href="/wiki/Hoger_beroepsonderwijs" title="Hoger beroepsonderwijs">hoger beroepsonderwijs</a> (hbo) en <a href="/wiki/Universiteit" title="Universiteit">universitair niveau</a> lerarenopleidingen geschiedenis.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vlaanderen">Vlaanderen</h3></div> <p>In het Vlaamse basisonderwijs worden geschiedkundige thema's weleens besproken binnen het vak wero (wereldoriëntatie). In Vlaanderen is geschiedenis een vak in de meeste studierichtingen van het <a href="/wiki/Secundair_onderwijs" title="Secundair onderwijs">secundair onderwijs</a>. Afhankelijk van de gekozen studierichting krijgen de leerlingen één of twee lesuren geschiedenis per week. In alle <a href="/wiki/Algemeen_secundair_onderwijs" title="Algemeen secundair onderwijs">ASO</a>-richtingen is geschiedenis een verplicht vak. Ook in de meeste <a href="/wiki/Technisch_secundair_onderwijs" title="Technisch secundair onderwijs">TSO</a> en <a href="/wiki/KSO" class="mw-redirect" title="KSO">KSO</a>-richtingen wordt geschiedenis onderwezen. </p><p>In het vak geschiedenis wordt de (westerse) wereldgeschiedenis chronologisch overlopen, beginnende bij de <a href="/wiki/Prehistorie" title="Prehistorie">prehistorie</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Oude_Nabije_Oosten" title="Oude Nabije Oosten">Oude Nabije Oosten</a> in het eerste jaar en de geschiedenis van de twintigste eeuw in het zesde (laatste) jaar. In elk leerjaar wordt dus een ander tijdvak onder de loep genomen: </p> <ul><li>Eerste jaar: prehistorie en <a href="/wiki/Oude_Nabije_Oosten" title="Oude Nabije Oosten">Oude Nabije Oosten</a></li> <li>Tweede jaar: de <a href="/wiki/Klassieke_oudheid" title="Klassieke oudheid">klassieke oudheid</a> (Romeinen en Grieken)</li> <li>Derde jaar: de <a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwen" title="Middeleeuwen">middeleeuwen</a></li> <li>Vierde jaar: de <a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_tijd" title="Nieuwe tijd">nieuwe tijd</a> (16de-18de eeuw)</li> <li>Vijfde jaar: de <a href="/wiki/Nieuwste_tijd" class="mw-redirect" title="Nieuwste tijd">nieuwste tijd</a> en eerste helft van de <a href="/wiki/Twintigste_eeuw" class="mw-redirect" title="Twintigste eeuw">twintigste eeuw</a> (19de-eeuw-1945)</li> <li>Zesde jaar: de geschiedenis van de rest van de <a href="/wiki/Twintigste_eeuw" class="mw-redirect" title="Twintigste eeuw">twintigste eeuw</a> tot heden (1945-heden)</li></ul> <p>Aan de universiteit kan de academische bachelor Geschiedenis gevolgd worden. Aan de hogescholen is er ook een opleiding voor geschiedenisleerkracht op professioneel bachelorniveau. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Periodiseringen">Periodiseringen</h3></div> <p>Over het algemeen wordt voor de geschiedenis van de Oude Wereld de volgende globale indeling van tijdsperioden aangehouden: </p> <ol><li>De prehistorie: voor 2000 v.Chr.</li> <li>het oude nabije oosten: 2000 voor Chr. - 800 v.Chr.</li> <li>klassieke oudheid 800 v.Chr. - 500</li> <li>De middeleeuwen: 500 - 1500</li> <li>de vroegmoderne tijd : 1500 - 1800</li> <li>de moderne tijd: 1800 - 1945</li> <li>De eigentijdse geschiedenis (nu tijd): 1945-heden</li></ol> <p>In het Belgisch onderwijssysteem (vanaf secundair onderwijs) wordt de volgende indeling in tijdvakken gehanteerd: </p> <ol><li>De <a href="/wiki/Prehistorie" title="Prehistorie">prehistorie</a>: tot 3500 v.Chr.</li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/Stroomculturen" title="Stroomculturen">stroomculturen</a> (Oude Nabije Oosten): 3500 v.Chr. tot 800 v.Chr.</li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/Klassieke_oudheid" title="Klassieke oudheid">klassieke oudheid</a>: 800 v.Chr. tot 500</li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwen" title="Middeleeuwen">middeleeuwen</a>: 500-1500</li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/Vroegmoderne_tijd" title="Vroegmoderne tijd">Vroegmoderne tijd</a>: 1500-1750</li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/Moderne_tijd" title="Moderne tijd">Moderne tijd</a>: 1750-1945</li> <li>de <a href="/wiki/Hedendaagse_geschiedenis" title="Hedendaagse geschiedenis">Hedendaagse geschiedenis</a>: 1945-nu</li></ol> <p>Of </p> <ol><li>De prehistorie: tot 3500 v.Chr.</li> <li>De oudheid: 3500 v.Chr. tot 500</li> <li>De middeleeuwen: 500-1450</li> <li>De vroegmoderne tijd: 1450-1750</li> <li>De moderne tijd: 1750-1945</li> <li>De eigen tijd: 1945-nu</li></ol> <p>Of </p> <ol><li>De prehistorie: tot 3000 v.Chr.</li> <li>De oudheid: 3000 v.Chr. tot 500 n.Chr.</li> <li>De middeleeuwen: 500-1500</li> <li>De vroegmoderne tijd: 1500-1800</li> <li>De moderne tijd: 1800-nu</li></ol> <p>Of (specifiek) </p> <ol><li>De prehistorie: tot 3500 v.Chr.</li> <li>Het Oude Nabije Oosten: 3500 v.Chr. tot 800 v.Chr.</li> <li>De klassieke oudheid: 800 v.Chr. tot 476</li> <li>De middeleeuwen: 476 tot 1492</li> <li>De vroegmoderne tijd: 1492 tot 1789</li> <li>De moderne tijd: 1789 tot 1945</li> <li>De eigen tijd: 1945 tot nu</li></ol> <p>Of </p> <ol><li>De prehistorie: tot 3300 v.Chr.</li> <li>De oudheid: van 3300 v.Chr. tot 476 n.Chr.</li> <li>De middeleeuwen: van 476 n.Chr. tot 1453 n.Chr./1492 n.Chr.</li> <li>De vroegmoderne tijd: van 1453 n.Chr./1492 n.Chr. tot 1789 n.Chr.</li> <li>De moderne tijd: van 1789 n.Chr. tot 1945 n.Chr.</li> <li>De eigen tijd: van 1945 n.Chr. tot nu</li></ol> <p>De gebeurtenissen </p> <ol><li>3500 v.Chr. (1): Het ontstaan van het schrift</li> <li>800 v.Chr.: De stichtingsdatum van Rome<sup class="noprint nopopups"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding#Bron_gevraagd" title="Wikipedia:Bronvermelding"><span title="Voor deze uitspraak is sinds 20 december 2018 een bronvermelding gewenst. Motivering: Volgens de legende was dat in 753 v.Chr.">[bron?]</span></a></sup></li> <li>476 n.Chr.: Val van het West Romeinse Rijk</li> <li>1453 n.Chr.: Val van het Oost Romeinse Rijk</li> <li>1492: De ontdekking van Amerika</li> <li>1789: Het begin van de Franse Revolutie</li> <li>1945: Het einde van de 2de wereldoorlog</li></ol> <p>In het Nederlandse basis- en voortgezet onderwijs wordt tegenwoordig een indeling in <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenisonderwijs_(Nederland)" title="Geschiedenisonderwijs (Nederland)">tien tijdvakken</a> gehanteerd: </p> <ol><li>Tijd van jagers en boeren (~<a href="/wiki/Prehistorie" title="Prehistorie">prehistorie</a>): tot 3000 v.Chr.</li> <li>Tijd van Grieken en Romeinen (~<a href="/wiki/Oudheid_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oudheid (hoofdbetekenis)">oudheid</a>): 3000 v.Chr. tot 500</li> <li>Tijd van monniken en ridders (~<a href="/wiki/Vroege_middeleeuwen" title="Vroege middeleeuwen">vroege middeleeuwen</a>): 500-1000</li> <li>Tijd van steden en staten (~hoge en late <a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwen" title="Middeleeuwen">middeleeuwen</a>): 1000-1500</li> <li>Tijd van ontdekkers en hervormers (~<a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance (hoofdbetekenis)">renaissance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Reformatie" title="Reformatie">Reformatie</a>): 1500-1600</li> <li>Tijd van regenten en vorsten (~<a href="/wiki/Gouden_Eeuw_(Nederland)" title="Gouden Eeuw (Nederland)">Gouden Eeuw</a>): 1600-1700</li> <li>Tijd van pruiken en revoluties (~<a href="/wiki/Verlichting_(stroming)" title="Verlichting (stroming)">Verlichting</a>): 1700-1800</li> <li>Tijd van burgers en stoommachines (~<a href="/wiki/Industrialisatie" title="Industrialisatie">industrialisatie</a>): 1800-1900</li> <li>Tijd van de wereldoorlogen (eerste helft <a href="/wiki/20e_eeuw" title="20e eeuw">twintigste eeuw</a>): 1900-1950</li> <li>Tijd van televisie en computer (tweede helft <a href="/wiki/20e_eeuw" title="20e eeuw">twintigste eeuw</a>): 1950-nu</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perioden">Perioden</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaar" title="Jaar">Jaren</a> en <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_eeuwen" title="Lijst van eeuwen">eeuwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/365_dagenschema" title="365 dagenschema">365 dagenschema</a></li> <li>Westerse geschiedenis: <a href="/wiki/Prehistorie" title="Prehistorie">Prehistorie</a> – <a href="/wiki/Protohistorie" title="Protohistorie">protohistorie</a> - <a href="/wiki/Oudheid_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oudheid (hoofdbetekenis)">oudheid</a> – <a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwen" title="Middeleeuwen">middeleeuwen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance (hoofdbetekenis)">renaissance</a> – <a href="/wiki/Verlichting_(stroming)" title="Verlichting (stroming)">verlichting</a> – <a href="/wiki/Moderne_tijd" title="Moderne tijd">nieuwste tijd</a></li> <li>Prehistorie van <a href="/wiki/Sub-Sahara" title="Sub-Sahara">Sub-Saharaans Afrika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Early_Stone_Age" title="Early Stone Age">Early Stone Age</a> – <a href="/wiki/Middle_Stone_Age" title="Middle Stone Age">Middle Stone Age</a> – <a href="/wiki/Later_Stone_Age" title="Later Stone Age">Later Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precolumbiaanse_periode" title="Precolumbiaanse periode">Precolumbiaanse geschiedenis</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lithische_periode" title="Lithische periode">Lithische periode</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archa%C3%AFsche_periode_(Amerika)" title="Archaïsche periode (Amerika)">Archaïsche periode</a> – <a href="/wiki/Formatieve_periode" title="Formatieve periode">Formatieve periode</a> – <a href="/wiki/Klassieke_periode_(Amerika)" title="Klassieke periode (Amerika)">Klassieke periode</a> – <a href="/wiki/Postklassieke_periode" title="Postklassieke periode">Postklassieke periode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_klassieken" title="De klassieken">De klassieken</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historische_lijsten">Historische lijsten</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_presidenten_van_de_Verenigde_Staten" title="Lijst van presidenten van de Verenigde Staten">Lijst van presidenten van de Verenigde Staten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_geschiedkundigen" title="Lijst van geschiedkundigen">Lijst van geschiedkundigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_historische_plaatsnamen" title="Lijst van historische plaatsnamen">Lijst van historische plaatsnamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_oorlogen_(chronologisch)" title="Lijst van oorlogen (chronologisch)">Lijst van oorlogen (chronologisch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_pausen" title="Lijst van pausen">Lijst van pausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_theologen" title="Lijst van theologen">Lijst van theologen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_veldslagen" title="Lijst van veldslagen">Lijst van veldslagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_verdragen" title="Lijst van verdragen">Lijst van verdragen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lijsten_van_A_tot_Z">Lijsten van A tot Z</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franse_Revolutie_van_A_tot_Z" title="Franse Revolutie van A tot Z">Franse Revolutie van A tot Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleontische_tijd_van_A_tot_Z" title="Napoleontische tijd van A tot Z">Napoleontische tijd van A tot Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontdekkingsreizen_van_A_tot_Z" title="Ontdekkingsreizen van A tot Z">Ontdekkingsreizen van A tot Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistorie_van_A_tot_Z" title="Prehistorie van A tot Z">Prehistorie van A tot Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachtigjarige_Oorlog_van_A_tot_Z" title="Tachtigjarige Oorlog van A tot Z">Tachtigjarige Oorlog van A tot Z</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67645038">.mw-parser-output .link-portaal{float:right;clear:right;padding:0.5em;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;font-size:85%;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .link-portaal{float:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0}}</style><div class="link-portaal noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portaal:Geschiedenis" title="Portaal:Geschiedenis">Portaal Geschiedenis</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archeoloog" title="Archeoloog">Archeoloog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clio_(muze)" title="Clio (muze)">Clio 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