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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Christelijke_theologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christelijke_theologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Christelijke theologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christelijke_theologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interreligieus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interreligieus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Interreligieus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interreligieus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritiek_op_openbaringen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritiek_op_openbaringen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kritiek op openbaringen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kritiek_op_openbaringen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Kritiek op openbaringen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kritiek_op_openbaringen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Externe_bronnen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_bronnen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Externe bronnen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_bronnen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Openbaring (concept)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 52 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offenbarung" title="Offenbarung – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Offenbarung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%8A_(%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86)" title="وحي (دين) – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وحي (دين)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%BB_%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B5%D2%AF" title="Илаһ һүҙе иңеү – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Илаһ һүҙе иңеү" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="দৈববাণী – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দৈববাণী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelaci%C3%B3" title="Revelació – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Revelació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zjeven%C3%AD" title="Zjevení – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zjevení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%C3%A7%D0%BD%C4%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_(%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BD)" title="Уçнăлăх (тĕн) – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Уçнăлăх (тĕн)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85benbaring" title="Åbenbaring – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Åbenbaring" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offenbarung" title="Offenbarung – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Offenbarung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%88%CE%B7" title="Θεία αποκάλυψη – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θεία αποκάλυψη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Revelation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelacio" title="Revelacio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Revelacio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelaci%C3%B3n_divina" title="Revelación divina – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Revelación divina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmutus" title="Ilmutus – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ilmutus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errebelazio" title="Errebelazio – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errebelazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%87_(%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8)" title="مکاشفه (مذهب) – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مکاشفه (مذهب)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmestys" title="Ilmestys – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ilmestys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9v%C3%A9lation" title="Révélation – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Révélation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foilsi%C3%BA" title="Foilsiú – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Foilsiú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahayi" title="Wahayi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Wahayi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA" title="התגלות – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התגלות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="इल्हाम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इल्हाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinyilatkoztat%C3%A1s" title="Kinyilatkoztatás – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kinyilatkoztatás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Revelation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelasi" title="Revelasi – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Revelasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivelazione" title="Rivelazione – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rivelazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%95%93%E7%A4%BA" title="啓示 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="啓示" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ಪ್ರಕಟನೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರಕಟನೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EC%8B%9C" title="계시 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="계시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peyam" title="Peyam – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Peyam" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanambar%C3%A0na_(finoana)" title="Fanambaràna (finoana) – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fanambaràna (finoana)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="വെളിപാട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെളിപാട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openberring" title="Openberring – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Openberring" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85penbaring" title="Åpenbaring – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Åpenbaring" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objawienie" title="Objawienie – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Objawienie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revela%C3%A7%C3%A3o_divina" title="Revelação divina – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Revelação divina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revela%C8%9Bie" title="Revelație – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Revelație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Откровение – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Откровение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otkrovenje" title="Otkrovenje – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Otkrovenje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Revelation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zjavenie" title="Zjavenie – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zjavenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razodetje" title="Razodetje – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Razodetje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbulesa" title="Zbulesa – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zbulesa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Откровење – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Откровење" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppenbarelse" title="Uppenbarelse – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Uppenbarelse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufunuo" title="Ufunuo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ufunuo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="วิวรณ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิวรณ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsisiwalat" title="Pagsisiwalat – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagsisiwalat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Одкровення – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Одкровення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84" title="نازل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نازل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%E1%BA%A3i_th%E1%BB%8B" title="Khải thị – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khải thị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="sjabloon_zie_artikel" class="hatnote" style="padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie voor het Bijbelboek de <a href="/wiki/Openbaring_van_Johannes" title="Openbaring van Johannes">Openbaring van Johannes</a></i> </div> <p>Een <b>openbaring</b> is een onthulling van iets dat voorheen verborgen of geheim was. Meestal heeft het een <a href="/wiki/Religie" title="Religie">religieuze</a> betekenis, waarbij een <a href="/wiki/God_(algemeen)" title="God (algemeen)">god</a> zichzelf of een boodschap bekendmaakt aan de mensen. Het begrip "openbaring" kan in een <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie">filosofische</a> context een zogenaamd 'heilig boek' (<a href="/wiki/Bijbel_(christendom)" title="Bijbel (christendom)">Bijbel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koran</a>, etc.) in zijn geheel denoteren. Ten slotte kan een "openbaring" ook een min of meer diepgaande ervaring betekenen, waarbij een <a href="/wiki/Kunstwerk_(artistiek)" title="Kunstwerk (artistiek)">kunstwerk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muziek" title="Muziek">muzikale</a> <a href="/wiki/Compositie_(muziek)" title="Compositie (muziek)">compositie</a> of een <a href="/wiki/Gastronomie" title="Gastronomie">gastronomische</a> maaltijd geheel nieuwe <a href="/wiki/Zintuiglijke_indrukken" title="Zintuiglijke indrukken">zintuiglijke indrukken</a> oplevert. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christelijke_theologie">Christelijke theologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Openbaring_(concept)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Christelijke theologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Openbaring_(concept)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Christelijke theologie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de <a href="/wiki/Theologie" title="Theologie">theologie</a> wordt een onderscheid gemaakt tussen een natuurlijke openbaring en een bovennatuurlijke openbaring, soms ook algemene resp. bijzondere openbaring genoemd. De natuurlijke openbaring spreekt over <a href="/wiki/God_(christendom)" title="God (christendom)">Gods</a> aanwezigheid in de natuur (schepping) en de overtuiging dat de mens het vermogen heeft Gods handelen in die schepping te (her)kennen. De <a href="/wiki/Thomisme" title="Thomisme">thomistische</a> "Quinque viae" ("de vijf wegen" - later ook als <a href="/wiki/Godsbewijs" title="Godsbewijs">godsbewijzen</a> geduid) gaan uit van een natuurlijke openbaring en legden de grondslag voor de systematische <a href="/wiki/Natuurlijke_theologie" title="Natuurlijke theologie">natuurlijke theologie</a>. De veronderstelling van een natuurlijke openbaring gaat uit van een fundamentele uiteindelijke overeenstemming tussen geloof en rede. </p><p>De bovennatuurlijke openbaring (ook wel epifanie genoemd) is rechtstreeks gebaseerd op het leven van <a href="/wiki/Jezus_(traditioneel-christelijk)" title="Jezus (traditioneel-christelijk)">Jezus Christus</a> en de betekenis van deze persoon als middelpunt van de geschiedenis. De bron van deze bovennatuurlijke openbaring is Jezus Christus zelf, tot de mens sprekend door de <a href="/wiki/Bijbel_(christendom)" title="Bijbel (christendom)">Heilige Schrift</a> en - voor het merendeel van de christenen - door de Kerk als bewaarster van de <a href="/wiki/Traditie_in_de_rooms-katholieke_Kerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditie in de rooms-katholieke Kerk">Traditie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Openbaring_(concept)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Islam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Openbaring_(concept)&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Islam"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De openbaringen die <a href="/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed">Mohammed</a> vanaf <a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a> ontving vormen de tekst van de <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koran</a>. Moslims nemen aan dat de tekst van de Koran daarmee letterlijk het <a href="/wiki/Woord_van_God" title="Woord van God">Woord van God</a> is. </p><p>In de middeleeuwse <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_filosofie" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamitische filosofie">islamitische filosofie</a> is een kernvraag of men via <a href="/wiki/Rationalisme" title="Rationalisme">rationalistische</a> <a href="/wiki/Logica_(wetenschap)" class="mw-redirect" title="Logica (wetenschap)">logica</a>, gebaseerd op de <a href="/wiki/Klassieke_Griekse_filosofie" class="mw-redirect" title="Klassieke Griekse filosofie">klassieke Griekse filosofie</a>, of juist via Openbaringen Gods bedoelingen kan duiden. </p><p>Er zijn 7 verschillende manieren van openbaringen bekend, deze zijn; </p> <ul><li>Via een droom</li> <li>Goddelijke inspiratie in het hart zonder dat de <a href="/wiki/Engelen_in_de_islam" title="Engelen in de islam">engel</a> zich toont</li> <li>Engel die de openbaring in de gedaante van een mens brengt</li> <li>Openbaring die in een soort klokgelui neerdaalt, waarbij het geklingel afnam als de boodschap werd begrepen (volgens de Hadith was dit de zwaarste vorm)</li> <li>Gabriël die zich in zijn werkelijk gedaante toont (eerste openbaring aan Mohammed)</li> <li>Aanspreken van boven de hemel, vanuit achter een hemelse gordijn</li> <li>Zonder de tussenkomst van een engel, Gods openbaring direct wordt uitgesproken (zoals die bij Mozes)</li></ul> <p>Volgens de islam kan alleen de <a href="/wiki/Djibriel" title="Djibriel">aartsengel Djibriel</a> (Gabriël) een openbaring naar de profeten brengen, aangezien dit zijn enige taak is. Hij wordt in de Koran ook wel Rûh-ul-Emîn (<i>Betrouwbare Geest</i>) en Rûh-ul-Kuds (<i>Heilige Geest</i>) genoemd. Gabriël is een van de grote vier aartsengelen en tevens de grootste van hen. In Koran noemt God na Zijn Eigen Naam direct de naam van Gabriël. Daarna volgen de overige engelen. Ook wordt hij door God enkel Rûh, (lees: Roeh) (Geest) genoemd. Volgens uitleggers van de <a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a> maakt God hiermee (als <i>Mijn Geest</i>) zijn liefde en intimiteit met Gabriël duidelijk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interreligieus">Interreligieus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Openbaring_(concept)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Interreligieus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Openbaring_(concept)&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Interreligieus"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Openbaringen zijn van alle tijden en alle religies. Echter, in die gevallen dat de openbaringen niet door de volgelingen van een andere religie erkend worden, worden ze vaak door religies gezien als misvatting of soms bezetenheid door de duivel. Hedendaagse auteurs die geschriften met openbaringen uitbrengen, worden door de meeste religies met grote argwaan bekeken, omdat men in twijfel trekt dat die openbaringen daadwerkelijk van <i>hun god</i> afkomstig zijn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kritiek_op_openbaringen">Kritiek op openbaringen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Openbaring_(concept)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kritiek op openbaringen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Openbaring_(concept)&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kritiek op openbaringen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anderen zien deze openbaringen als epileptische aanvallen bij de slaapkwab (<a href="/wiki/Temporale_kwab" title="Temporale kwab">temporale-kwabepilepsie</a>). De Canadese neuroloog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Persinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Persinger (de pagina bestaat niet)">Michael Persinger</a> zou met zijn <a href="/w/index.php?title=God_Helmet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="God Helmet (de pagina bestaat niet)">God Helmet</a> hebben aangetoond dat met stroomstootjes bij het slaapkwab ervaringen kunnen worden opgewekt die als een religieuze beleving worden gezien. </p><p>Prof. <a href="/wiki/Etienne_Vermeersch" title="Etienne Vermeersch">Etienne Vermeersch</a> leverde kritiek over hoe de openbaring en de slavernij met elkaar zijn te rijmen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externe_bronnen">Externe bronnen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Openbaring_(concept)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe bronnen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Openbaring_(concept)&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe bronnen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>'De Bijbel' (<a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_Bijbelvertaling" title="Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling">Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling</a>) - Diverse auteurs</li> <li>'De <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koran</a>' - Diverse auteurs</li> <li>'De Nieuwe Openbaringen - Een gesprek met God' - Auteur <a href="/wiki/Neale_Donald_Walsch" title="Neale Donald Walsch">Neale Donald Walsch</a></li> <li>'Over de Goddelijkheid van de mens, Openbaringen van Maria, Jezus en Maria Magdalena' - Auteur Gabriela Levin</li> <li>'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ridawiyyah.nl/de-openbaring-van-de-profeet-in-de-grot-hira-en-haar-uitleg">De Koran openbaring van de Profeet Mohamed en haar uitleg</a>' - Een uitleg gedaan door islamitische geleerden</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Openbaring_(concept)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Openbaring_(concept)&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boodschapper_(islam)" title="Boodschapper (islam)">Boodschapper (islam)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extase_(toestand)" title="Extase (toestand)">extase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visioen" title="Visioen">Visioen</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Constitutie over de goddelijke openbaring <i><a href="/wiki/Dei_Verbum" title="Dei Verbum">Dei Verbum</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Vaticaans_Concilie" title="Tweede Vaticaans Concilie">Vaticanum II</a>, nr. 7.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Openbaring_(concept)&oldid=68357594">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Openbaring_(concept)&oldid=68357594</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Profeet" title="Categorie:Profeet">Profeet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Godsdienstfilosofie" title="Categorie:Godsdienstfilosofie">Godsdienstfilosofie</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 9 nov 2024 om 12:42.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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