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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mauritania</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">4 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Mauritania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_orgnizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_orgnizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>International orgnizations</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-International_orgnizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gauge_(railway)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gauge_(railway)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gauge (railway)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gauge_(railway)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transshipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transshipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transshipment</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Transshipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-notable_ECOWAS_court_ruling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#notable_ECOWAS_court_ruling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>notable ECOWAS court ruling</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-notable_ECOWAS_court_ruling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dr._Kohnert's_comment_on_this_article" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dr._Kohnert's_comment_on_this_article"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Dr. Kohnert's comment on this article</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Dr._Kohnert's_comment_on_this_article-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popuation_ranking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popuation_ranking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Popuation ranking</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Popuation_ranking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links_modified" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links_modified"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links modified</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-External_links_modified-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_diagram_-_legend_(title,_labels)_needed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_diagram_-_legend_(title,_labels)_needed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>First diagram - legend (title, labels) needed</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-First_diagram_-_legend_(title,_labels)_needed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Mali</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Mali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restructured_article" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restructured_article"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Restructured article</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Restructured_article-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zone_A?_Zone_B?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zone_A?_Zone_B?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Zone A? Zone B?</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">3 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Zone_A?_Zone_B?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niger's_membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niger's_membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Niger's membership</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Niger's_membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labelled_Map?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labelled_Map?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Labelled Map?</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Labelled_Map?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_interventions_not_mentioned" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_interventions_not_mentioned"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Military interventions not mentioned</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">2 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Military_interventions_not_mentioned-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dashes_in_Status_column_of_ECOWAS_member_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dashes_in_Status_column_of_ECOWAS_member_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Dashes in Status column of ECOWAS member states</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">2 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Dashes_in_Status_column_of_ECOWAS_member_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Wiki Education assignment: POLC 3200 African Politics</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">3 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niger,_Mali_and_Burkina_leave_ECOWAS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niger,_Mali_and_Burkina_leave_ECOWAS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Niger, Mali and Burkina leave ECOWAS</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">2 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Niger,_Mali_and_Burkina_leave_ECOWAS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Talk</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">ECOWAS</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang mw-portlet-lang-icon-only" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector-empty" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">talk page</a> for discussing improvements to the <a href="/wiki/ECOWAS" title="ECOWAS">ECOWAS</a> article.<br/> This is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#FORUM" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">not a forum</a> for general discussion of the article's subject.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div class="talkheader-body"> <div class="talkheader-help"> <ul><li>Put new text under old text. <strong><a href="/wiki/Special:NewSection/Talk:ECOWAS" title="Special:NewSection/Talk:ECOWAS">Click here to start a new topic.</a></strong></li> <li>New to Wikipedia? 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view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </td> </tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 1px 3px;"><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22ECOWAS%22">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22ECOWAS%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22ECOWAS%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22ECOWAS%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22ECOWAS%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org">free images</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22ECOWAS%22">WP refs</a>) <b>·</b> <span title="Free English newspaper sources" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources">FENS</a></span> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22ECOWAS%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> <b>·</b> <span title="The Wikipedia Library" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22ECOWAS%22">TWL</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><table class="plainlinks tmbox tmbox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_current.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="In the news"><img alt="In the news" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Globe_current.svg/47px-Globe_current.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Globe_current.svg/71px-Globe_current.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Globe_current.svg/94px-Globe_current.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="312"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">A news item involving ECOWAS was featured on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page">Main Page</a> in the <i><b><a href="/wiki/Template:In_the_news" title="Template:In the news">In the news</a></b></i> section on the following dates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:In_the_news&oldid=321852601">25 October 2009</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:In_the_news&oldid=1202907631">3 February 2024</a></span></li></ul></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94"/></a><figcaption>Wikipedia</figcaption></figure></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><table class="plainlinks tmbox tmbox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_date.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nuvola_apps_date.svg/45px-Nuvola_apps_date.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nuvola_apps_date.svg/68px-Nuvola_apps_date.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nuvola_apps_date.svg/90px-Nuvola_apps_date.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">A fact from this article was featured on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page">Main Page</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries">On this day</a></i> section on <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/May_28?oldid=55529469">May 28, 2006</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/May_28?oldid=364748428">May 28, 2010</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/May_28?oldid=494712040">May 28, 2012</a>, and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/May_28?oldid=664382444">May 28, 2015</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1243927654">.mw-parser-output .banner-shell{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:4px}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-header{text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{padding:2px 4px;background:#fffaef;color:inherit;border:1px dotted gray}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{background:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{background:#2e2505}}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell .tmbox{margin:2px 0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell .tmbox.mbox-small{line-height:1.5em;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner .banner-shell-outside{display:none}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .wpbs{width:80%}}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .assess{width:60px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-header{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em 0.25em 0}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-header{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb:not(.mw-collapsed) .wpb-header-icon a{display:none}</style><table role="presentation" class="tmbox tmbox-notice banner-shell wpbs mw-collapsible"><tbody><tr><td class="assess"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_c_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="C-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Symbol_c_class.svg/35px-Symbol_c_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Symbol_c_class.svg/53px-Symbol_c_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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.class-unassessed{background-color:#DCDCDC}.mw-parser-output .conflict{border:0.2em solid red}.mw-parser-output .inactive-wikiproject .wpb-header-bubbles{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}</style><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Terra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/25px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/50px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_International_relations" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject International relations">International relations</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-mid">Mid‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Terra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/80px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/120px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/160px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_International_relations" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject International relations">WikiProject International relations</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">International relations</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_International_relations" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject International relations">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">International relations</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject International relations</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject International relations</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">International relations</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-mid"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_International_relations_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance International relations articles">Mid</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Mid-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_International_relations/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject International relations/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Economic-surpluses.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Economic-surpluses.svg/25px-Economic-surpluses.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Economic-surpluses.svg/38px-Economic-surpluses.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Economic-surpluses.svg/50px-Economic-surpluses.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Economics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Economics">Economics</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-mid">Mid‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Economic-surpluses.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Economic-surpluses.svg/80px-Economic-surpluses.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Economic-surpluses.svg/120px-Economic-surpluses.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Economic-surpluses.svg/160px-Economic-surpluses.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Business_and_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Business and economics">Business and economics portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Economics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Economics">WikiProject Economics</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Economics" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Economics">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Economics</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Economics</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Economics</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Economics</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-mid"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_Economics_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance Economics articles">Mid</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Mid-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Economics/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Economics/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairytale_browser.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Fairytale_browser.png/25px-Fairytale_browser.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Fairytale_browser.png/38px-Fairytale_browser.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Fairytale_browser.png/50px-Fairytale_browser.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Organizations" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Organizations">Organizations</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-mid">Mid‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fairytale_browser.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Fairytale_browser.png/45px-Fairytale_browser.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Fairytale_browser.png 1.5x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Organizations" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Organizations">WikiProject Organizations</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizations">Organizations</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Organizations" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Organizations">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Organizations</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Organizations</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Organizations</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">organization</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-mid"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_organization_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance organization articles">Mid</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Mid-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Organizations/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Organizations/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg/22px-Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg/34px-Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg/44px-Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1624" data-file-height="1824"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Africa" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Africa">Africa</a><span class="wpb-nested-task-force">: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Benin" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Benin">Benin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Burkina_Faso" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Cape_Verde" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Gambia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Gambia">Gambia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Guinea" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Guinea">Guinea</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Guinea-Bissau" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Ivory_Coast" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Liberia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Liberia">Liberia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mali" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mali">Mali</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mauritania" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mauritania">Mauritania</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Niger" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Niger">Niger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Nigeria" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Nigeria">Nigeria</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Senegal" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Senegal">Senegal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sierra_Leone" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Ghana" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Ghana">Ghana</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Togo" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Togo">Togo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Africa/French_Africa_work_group" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Africa/French Africa work group">French Africa</a></span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-top">Top‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg/80px-Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg/120px-Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg/160px-Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1624" data-file-height="1824"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1266661725"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Africa" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Africa">WikiProject Africa</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Africa" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Africa">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Africa</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Africa</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Africa</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Africa</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-top"><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_Africa_articles" title="Category:Top-importance Africa articles">Top</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Top-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Africa/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Africa/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" class="wpb-collapsed-notes"><table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="wpb-collapsed-head">Associated task forces:</th></tr><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-gutter" style="min-width:80px"><span class="wpb-iefix">/ </span></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Benin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/38px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/57px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/75px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article is supported by <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Benin" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Benin">WikiProject Benin</a></b> (assessed as <a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Benin_articles" title="Category:High-importance Benin articles">High-importance</a>).</td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/38px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/57px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/75px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article is supported by <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Burkina_Faso" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Burkina Faso">WikiProject Burkina Faso</a></b> (assessed as <a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Burkina_Faso_articles" title="Category:High-importance Burkina Faso articles">High-importance</a>).</td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Satellite_image_of_Cape_Verde_in_December_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Satellite_image_of_Cape_Verde_in_December_2002.jpg/27px-Satellite_image_of_Cape_Verde_in_December_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Satellite_image_of_Cape_Verde_in_December_2002.jpg/41px-Satellite_image_of_Cape_Verde_in_December_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Satellite_image_of_Cape_Verde_in_December_2002.jpg/54px-Satellite_image_of_Cape_Verde_in_December_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1189" data-file-height="1111"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article is supported by <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Cape_Verde" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Cape Verde">WikiProject Cape Verde</a></b> (assessed as <a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Cape_Verde_articles" title="Category:High-importance Cape Verde articles">High-importance</a>).</td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/38px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/57px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/75px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1266661725"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright" style="margin:0"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/32px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/48px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/64px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_Gambia" title="Portal:The Gambia">The Gambia portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is supported by <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Gambia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Gambia">WikiProject Gambia</a></b> (assessed as <a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Gambia_articles" title="Category:High-importance Gambia articles">High-importance</a>).</td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guinea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/38px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/57px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/75px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1266661725"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright" style="margin:0"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/32px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/48px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, 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alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg/57px-Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article is supported by <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Africa/French_Africa_work_group" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Africa/French Africa work group">French Africa work group</a></b> (assessed as <a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_French_Africa_articles" title="Category:High-importance French Africa articles">High-importance</a>).</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Stub" data-mw-thread-id="h-Stub-2005-12-01T02:48:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Stub-2005-12-01T02:48:00.000Z"></span>Stub<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Stub-2005-12-01T02:48:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Stub"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Rudykog-2005-12-01T02:48:00.000Z-Stub"></span>Why isn't this article classified as a stub? There is virtually no information on the history of ECOWAS, or it's importance and role in West Africa, which is considerable. This article needs much expansion and should be classified as a stub as it currently stands. <a href="/wiki/User:Rvinall" title="User:Rvinall">Rvinall</a> </p> <dl><dd>Aye, it should be classified as a stub - and should be expanded. While we're at it, has anybody else heard of the information that the ECOWAS is to be expanded to a large degree over the rest of the west African states in 2006? Can't remember where I found that rumour... <a href="/wiki/User:Nightstallion" title="User:Nightstallion">Nightstallion</a> 04:58, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)</dd></dl> <p>Alright, I have just added the stub marker to this article. Now let's try to get some more information. <a href="/wiki/User:Rvinall" title="User:Rvinall">Rvinall</a> 04:25, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC) </p> <dl><dd>Info added. <a href="/wiki/User:Rudykog" title="User:Rudykog">Rudykog</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Rudykog-2005-12-01T02:48:00.000Z-Stub" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">02:48, 1 December 2005 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Rudykog-2005-12-01T02:48:00.000Z-Stub"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Rudykog-2005-12-01T02:48:00.000Z-Stub"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Mauritania" data-mw-thread-id="h-Mauritania-2006-08-23T23:07:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Mauritania-2006-08-23T23:07:00.000Z"></span>Mauritania<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Mauritania-2006-08-23T23:07:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mauritania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Cordless_Larry-2006-08-23T23:07:00.000Z-Mauritania"></span>The article lists two dates for Mauritania leaving - 2000 and 2002. The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/EXTREGINI/EXTAFRREGINICOO/0,,contentMDK:20626350~menuPK:1592396~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:1587585,00.html">World Bank website</a> says 1999, whereas <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecowas.info/">this site</a> says 2002. Any ideas? <a href="/wiki/User:Cordless_Larry" title="User:Cordless Larry">Cordless Larry</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Cordless_Larry-2006-08-23T23:07:00.000Z-Mauritania" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">23:07, 23 August 2006 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Cordless_Larry-2006-08-23T23:07:00.000Z-Mauritania"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Cordless_Larry-2006-08-23T23:07:00.000Z-Mauritania"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Aeusoes1-2007-08-09T02:41:00.000Z-Cordless_Larry-2006-08-23T23:07:00.000Z"></span>I looked at older versions of the CIA world factbook. Under "International organization participation" Ecowas doesn't appear for Mauritania in the 2002 factbook so it had to have happened between July 2001 and July 2002. <a href="/wiki/User:Aeusoes1" title="User:Aeusoes1">Æµ§œš¹</a> <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/User_talk:Aeusoes1" title="User talk:Aeusoes1"><sub>[aɪm ˈfɻɛ̃ⁿdˡi]</sub></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Aeusoes1-2007-08-09T02:41:00.000Z-Cordless_Larry-2006-08-23T23:07:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">02:41, 9 August 2007 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Aeusoes1-2007-08-09T02:41:00.000Z-Cordless_Larry-2006-08-23T23:07:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Aeusoes1-2007-08-09T02:41:00.000Z-Cordless_Larry-2006-08-23T23:07:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Cordless_Larry-2008-01-04T14:55:00.000Z-Aeusoes1-2007-08-09T02:41:00.000Z"></span>I've done some more research and it seems that the application for withdrawal was made on 26 December 1999 (see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sec.ecowas.int/sitecedeao/english/es-rep2000-3-5.htm">here</a>) and became effective on 31 December 2000 (see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sec.ecowas.int/sitecedeao/english/rapport/es_annual_report_2002.pdf">here</a>). <a href="/wiki/User:Cordless_Larry" title="User:Cordless Larry">Cordless Larry</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Cordless_Larry" title="User talk:Cordless Larry">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Cordless_Larry-2008-01-04T14:55:00.000Z-Aeusoes1-2007-08-09T02:41:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">14:55, 4 January 2008 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Cordless_Larry-2008-01-04T14:55:00.000Z-Aeusoes1-2007-08-09T02:41:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Cordless_Larry-2008-01-04T14:55:00.000Z-Aeusoes1-2007-08-09T02:41:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Kintetsubuffalo-2017-01-20T16:17:00.000Z-Cordless_Larry-2006-08-23T23:07:00.000Z"></span>And it's on the logo.--<a href="/wiki/User:Kintetsubuffalo" title="User:Kintetsubuffalo">Kintetsubuffalo</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Kintetsubuffalo" title="User talk:Kintetsubuffalo">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Kintetsubuffalo-2017-01-20T16:17:00.000Z-Cordless_Larry-2006-08-23T23:07:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">16:17, 20 January 2017 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Kintetsubuffalo-2017-01-20T16:17:00.000Z-Cordless_Larry-2006-08-23T23:07:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Kintetsubuffalo-2017-01-20T16:17:00.000Z-Cordless_Larry-2006-08-23T23:07:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="International_orgnizations" data-mw-thread-id="h-International_orgnizations-2008-01-26T04:28:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-International_orgnizations-2008-01-26T04:28:00.000Z"></span>International orgnizations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-International_orgnizations-2008-01-26T04:28:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: International orgnizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-A12n-2008-01-26T04:28:00.000Z-International_orgnizations"></span>I added the category "International organizations," but note in passing that there seems to be a lot of overlap with International Organizations of Africa, and that perhaps the whole hierarchy of these categories may need looking at.--<a href="/wiki/User:A12n" title="User:A12n">A12n</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:A12n" title="User talk:A12n">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-A12n-2008-01-26T04:28:00.000Z-International_orgnizations" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">04:28, 26 January 2008 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-A12n-2008-01-26T04:28:00.000Z-International_orgnizations"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-A12n-2008-01-26T04:28:00.000Z-International_orgnizations"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Gauge_(railway)" data-mw-thread-id="h-Gauge_(railway)"><span id="Gauge_.28railway.29"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Gauge_(railway)"></span>Gauge (railway)<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Gauge_(railway)"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gauge (railway)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Benin" title="Transport in Benin">Transport</a> 1000</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600"/></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> (island)</li></ul> <hr/> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in Côte d'Ivoire">Transport</a> 1000</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Transport in Burkina Faso">Transport</a> 1000</li></ul> <hr/> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a> (nil)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ghana" title="Transport in Ghana">Transport</a> 1067</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> (nil)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="600"/></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Liberia" title="Transport in Liberia">Transport</a> 1435; 1067</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600"/></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> (nil)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"/></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Nigeria" title="Transport in Nigeria">Transport</a> 1067; 1435</li></ul> <hr/> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Senegal" title="Transport in Senegal">Transport</a> 1000</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Mali" title="Transport in Mali">Transport</a> 1000</li></ul> <hr/> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Transport in Sierra Leone">Transport</a> 1067</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"/></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Togo" title="Transport in Togo">Transport</a> 1000</li></ul> <p>(suspended) </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Guinea" title="Transport in Guinea">Transport</a> 1000; 1435</li></ul> <hr/> <ul><li>1000 4,472km 42.7%</li> <li>1067 4,593km 43.9%</li> <li>1435 1,409km 13.5%</li></ul> <hr/> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Triple_Gauge_Africa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Triple_Gauge_Africa.jpg" decoding="async" width="647" height="212" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="212"/></a><figcaption>The three main gauges in the ECOWAS area can be combined as Triple Gauge.<br/>The two narrower gauges are too close to allow 3-rail dual gauge and must be combined as 4-rail dual gauge.<br/> 4-rail dual gauge can allow for standard gauge for slight extra cost.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Transshipment" data-mw-thread-id="h-Transshipment-2009-04-14T02:26:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Transshipment-2009-04-14T02:26:00.000Z"></span>Transshipment<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Transshipment-2009-04-14T02:26:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Transshipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Tabletop-2009-04-14T02:26:00.000Z-Transshipment"></span>There are a number of ways of transshipping freight between the different gauges: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Containerization" title="Containerization">Containerisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogie_exchange" title="Bogie exchange">Bogie exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_gauge" title="Variable gauge">Variable gauge axles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_gauge" title="Dual gauge">Dual gauge</a> or even triple gauge.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/User:Tabletop" title="User:Tabletop">Tabletop</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Tabletop" title="User talk:Tabletop">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Tabletop-2009-04-14T02:26:00.000Z-Transshipment" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">02:26, 14 April 2009 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Tabletop-2009-04-14T02:26:00.000Z-Transshipment"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Tabletop-2009-04-14T02:26:00.000Z-Transshipment"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="notable_ECOWAS_court_ruling" data-mw-thread-id="h-notable_ECOWAS_court_ruling-2015-11-30T11:07:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-notable_ECOWAS_court_ruling-2015-11-30T11:07:00.000Z"></span>notable ECOWAS court ruling<span data-mw-comment-end="h-notable_ECOWAS_court_ruling-2015-11-30T11:07:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: notable ECOWAS court ruling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Bancki-2015-11-30T11:07:00.000Z-notable_ECOWAS_court_ruling"></span>A notable ECOWAS court ruling was the 2015 ruling against Burkina Faso on the exclusion of MPs who voted for the abolishment of term limits (in favor of the later ousted president Blaise Compaoré), ahead of the <a href="/wiki/Burkinab%C3%A9_general_election,_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="Burkinabé general election, 2015">Burkinabé general election, 2015</a>; it can be found at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.courtecowas.org/site2012/pdf_files/decisions/judgements/2015/Aff_CDP_c_l_Etat_du_Burkina.pdf">[1]</a>.----<a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Bancki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Bancki (page does not exist)">Bancki</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Bancki" title="User talk:Bancki">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Bancki-2015-11-30T11:07:00.000Z-notable_ECOWAS_court_ruling" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">11:07, 30 November 2015 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Bancki-2015-11-30T11:07:00.000Z-notable_ECOWAS_court_ruling"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Bancki-2015-11-30T11:07:00.000Z-notable_ECOWAS_court_ruling"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Dr._Kohnert's_comment_on_this_article" data-mw-thread-id="h-Dr._Kohnert's_comment_on_this_article-2016-06-27T18:43:00.000Z"><span id="Dr._Kohnert.27s_comment_on_this_article"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Dr._Kohnert's_comment_on_this_article-2016-06-27T18:43:00.000Z"></span>Dr. Kohnert's comment on this article<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Dr._Kohnert's_comment_on_this_article-2016-06-27T18:43:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dr. Kohnert's comment on this article"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-ExpertIdeasBot-2016-06-27T18:43:00.000Z-Dr._Kohnert's_comment_on_this_article"></span>Dr. Kohnert has reviewed <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economic_Community_of_West_African_States&oldid=726919323">this Wikipedia page</a>, and provided us with the following comments to improve its quality: </p><p><br/> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>- "The West African Economic and Monetary Union (also known as UEMOA from its name in French, Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine) is an organization of eight West African states. It was established to promote economic integration among countries that share the CFA franc as a common currency." [suggested revision: "The West African Economic and Monetary Union (also known as UEMOA from its name in French, Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine) is an organization of eight West African states. It was established to promote economic integration among countries that share the CFA franc as a common currency. The CFA-zone is basically composed of two sub-zones, characterised by significant structural economic and political differences within and between its member countries: the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU/UEMOA) and the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (EMCCA / CEMAC)."] </p><p>- "UEMOA is a customs union and currency union between the members of ECOWAS. Its objectives include the following. ... The harmonization of fiscal policies." [suggested revision: ".... The harmonization of fiscal policies. However, whether it is feasible to achieve these ambitious aims with economic means of regional economic and monetary cooperation, is open to question. Experts and the international donor community periodically caution about diverting attention from the most pressing needs of African countries by pursuing over-ambitious monetary policies. African governments should get the priorities right, i.e. they ought to implement first sustainable solutions to the problems of crisis resolution and prevention, the fight against corruption and rent-seeking elites, in order to promote good governance, transparency and accountability. The realities of African economies suggest that the grand new projects of monetary unions are unlikely to succeed (Fn.: Masson, Paul R. / Pattillo, Catherine (2004): The monetary geography of Africa. Brookings Inst. Press ). The growing structural divergences between UEMOA and CEMAC have been intensified by the recent development of world oil markets, booming production in Equatorial Guinea and the arrival of Chad in the club of oil producers. Nevertheless the CFA-zone in general, and the UEMOA in particular, have been considered as model case for economic and monetary integration in Africa. Yet, neither of these sub-zones meets the classical criteria of the Optimum Currency Area (OCA). In contrast, they show a low degree of diversification of production and exports, low factor mobility (except of labour in some countries) and price and wage flexibility, different levels of infrastructure and of inflation, low intra-regional trade and a strong exposure to asymmetrical external shocks (e.g. violent political conflicts, different terms of trade development for oil- and agricultural exports). The rules of the informal sector, are more important in structuring the CFA-zone than the institutions and policies of the formal economic sector, including its monetary institutions. For decades, rent-seeking informal trans-national social networks, such as the 'Messieurs Afrique' (Fn.: Glaser, Antoine / Smith, Stephen (1992/1997): Ces messieurs Afrique. Le Paris-village du continent noir. Paris, Vol. I-II, Calmann-Levy, 1992 (I), 1997(II) ; Hugon, Philippe (1998): “Les avatars de la Zone Franc face à l’Euro“, in: Cahier GEMDEV (Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique pou l’Étude de la Mondialisation et du Développement), No. 25, pp.: 363-394; Verschave, François-Xavier (1998): Françafrique. Paris, l’Harmattan) dominated the CFA-Zone. For example, prices of French imports were overpriced, due to protection by tied aid and other political and cultural non-tariff barriers. The cost of this rent-seeking was carried not only by the French Treasury, who guarantees the peg, but by the French and EU-taxpayers, who financed budgetary bail-outs and development aid, and finally by the poorer member countries and social strata (Fn. Kohnert, Dirk (2005): Monetary Unions - Dominated by the North? The CFA-Zone and the CMA - On the relevance of rational economic reasoning under African conditions. In: Fritz, Barbara / Metzger, Martina (eds.)(2005): New Issues in Regional Monetary Coordination - Understanding North-South and South-South Arrangements, Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, pp. 177-187). The F CFA viability has been hurt by its dependency on the monetary policy of the Euro-zone, which does not necessarily correspond to the needs of African member countries. Ambitious convergence criteria had been introduced with the 1994 devaluation and the founding of the UEMOA and CEMAC respectively. However, its implementation had been hampered by the lack of political will and the aftermath of the Ivorian crisis since 2002. If the CFA-Zone wants to perform efficiently in the future, it should no longer be based on its inherited colonial culture, but on the economic needs of the population in the respective member countries. Unfortunately, overriding concerns on the political stability of the region, and dependency on its traditional allies concerning crisis resolution, prevented up to now any meaningful transformation of CFA-Zones structures.] </p><p>- "The eventual goal is for the CFA franc and Eco to merge, giving all of West and Central Africa a single, stable currency. The launch of the new currency is being developed by the West African Monetary Institute based in Accra, Ghana." [suggested revision: "The eventual goal is for the CFA franc and Eco to merge, giving all of West and Central Africa a single, stable currency. The launch of the new currency is being developed by the West African Monetary Institute based in Accra, Ghana. Despite several, often competing projects of monetary cooperation in West Africa the monetary arrangements are of questionable viability. The CFA-zone and the WAMZ are vivid examples of the limited practical value of abstract economic models, like that of Optimum Currency Areas (OCAs), in the African context. The major structural deficiencies within and between member states of each zone cannot be solved by monetary coordination. They require sustainable political and economic solutions, adapted to the specific needs of each of its members, and aimed at the ownership of the measures and instruments by each country and/or sub-zone concerned. Concentrating efforts and scarce means on over-ambitious plans for monetary integration, like that of the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ), pushed by the Anglophone West African governments of Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Guinea, Liberia, in order to establish the Eco as a common virtual currency in competition to the rival F-CFA, diverts attention from more important bottlenecks of development in the region and would lead to a sub optimal allocation of resources and the temptation for fiscal wastefulness through prospects of a bail-out, or costs that are diluted through the membership (Fn.: Debrun, Xavier / Masson, Paul / Pattilo, Catherine (2002): Monetary union in West Africa – Who might gain, who might lose, and why? IMF Working Paper, WP/02/226, IMF, Washington D. C.; IMF (2003): West African Economic and Monetary Union - Recent Economic Developments and Regional Policy Issues; and Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion. IMF Country Report No. 03/70, Washington D.C; Masson, Paul R. / Catherine Pattillo (2002): Monetary union in West Africa: An agency of restraint for fiscal policies? Journal of African Economics.,11. 387 - 412 </p><p> Masson, Paul R. / Catherine Pattillo (2001): Monetary union in West Africa (ECOWAS): is it desirable and how could it be achieved? IMF, Washington, DC, Occasional paper, no. 204; Page, Sheila / Bilal, Sanoussi (2001): Regional integration in Western Africa. Report prepared for and financed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Netherlands, ODI, London, September 2001). The same holds for rival efforts of Francophone circles to establish the F CFA as anchor currency of the future WAMZ.]</p></blockquote> <p><br/> We hope Wikipedians on this talk page can take advantage of these comments and improve the quality of the article accordingly. </p><p>Dr. Kohnert has published scholarly research which seems to be relevant to this Wikipedia article: </p><p><br/> </p> <ul><li><b>Reference </b>: Kohnert, Dirk, 2015. "Togo: recent political and economic development," MPRA Paper 62029, University Library of Munich, Germany.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/User:ExpertIdeasBot" title="User:ExpertIdeasBot">ExpertIdeasBot</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:ExpertIdeasBot" title="User talk:ExpertIdeasBot">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-ExpertIdeasBot-2016-06-27T18:43:00.000Z-Dr._Kohnert's_comment_on_this_article" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">18:43, 27 June 2016 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-ExpertIdeasBot-2016-06-27T18:43:00.000Z-Dr._Kohnert's_comment_on_this_article"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-ExpertIdeasBot-2016-06-27T18:43:00.000Z-Dr._Kohnert's_comment_on_this_article"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Popuation_ranking" data-mw-thread-id="h-Popuation_ranking-2017-01-23T09:47:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Popuation_ranking-2017-01-23T09:47:00.000Z"></span>Popuation ranking<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Popuation_ranking-2017-01-23T09:47:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Popuation ranking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-129.241.146.106-2017-01-23T09:47:00.000Z-Popuation_ranking"></span>How come the population of ecowas which is 340,000,000 (2013 estimate) is only ranked fourth? Surely it should be third? <small class="autosigned">— Preceding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">unsigned</a> comment added by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/129.241.146.106" title="Special:Contributions/129.241.146.106">129.241.146.106</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:129.241.146.106&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:129.241.146.106 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-129.241.146.106-2017-01-23T09:47:00.000Z-Popuation_ranking" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">09:47, 23 January 2017 (UTC)</a></small><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-129.241.146.106-2017-01-23T09:47:00.000Z-Popuation_ranking"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-129.241.146.106-2017-01-23T09:47:00.000Z-Popuation_ranking"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links_modified" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links_modified-2017-12-02T20:43:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links_modified-2017-12-02T20:43:00.000Z"></span>External links modified<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links_modified-2017-12-02T20:43:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links modified"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-InternetArchiveBot-2017-12-02T20:43:00.000Z-External_links_modified"></span>Hello fellow Wikipedians, </p><p>I have just modified 8 external links on <a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Community of West African States">Economic Community of West African States</a>. 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I made the following changes: </p> <ul><li>Added archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110626213148/http://www.africa-union.org/Recs/ECOWASProfile.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20110626213148/http://www.africa-union.org/Recs/ECOWASProfile.pdf</a> to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.africa-union.org/Recs/ECOWASProfile.pdf">http://www.africa-union.org/Recs/ECOWASProfile.pdf</a></li> <li>Added archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170307061719/http://www.ecowasparliament.org/en/about-us">https://web.archive.org/web/20170307061719/http://www.ecowasparliament.org/en/about-us</a> to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ecowasparliament.org/en/about-us">http://www.ecowasparliament.org/en/about-us</a></li> <li>Added archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081030151400/http://www.ecowascourt.org/French/texts/information.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20081030151400/http://www.ecowascourt.org/French/texts/information.pdf</a> to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ecowascourt.org/French/texts/information.pdf">http://www.ecowascourt.org/French/texts/information.pdf</a></li> <li>Added archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090202115957/http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-68350-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20090202115957/http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-68350-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html</a> to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-68350-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html">http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-68350-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html</a></li> <li>Added archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091024131043/http://www.railwaysafrica.com/2009/10/proposed-ecowas-railway/">https://web.archive.org/web/20091024131043/http://www.railwaysafrica.com/2009/10/proposed-ecowas-railway/</a> to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.railwaysafrica.com/2009/10/proposed-ecowas-railway/">http://www.railwaysafrica.com/2009/10/proposed-ecowas-railway/</a></li> <li>Added archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080916180305/http://www.sec.ecowas.int/index.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20080916180305/http://www.sec.ecowas.int/index.html</a> to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sec.ecowas.int/index.html">http://www.sec.ecowas.int/index.html</a></li> <li>Added archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070528073325/http://www.sec.ecowas.int/sitecedeao/english/pps/ecowas.00">https://web.archive.org/web/20070528073325/http://www.sec.ecowas.int/sitecedeao/english/pps/ecowas.00</a> to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sec.ecowas.int/sitecedeao/english/pps/ecowas.00">http://www.sec.ecowas.int/sitecedeao/english/pps/ecowas.00</a></li> <li>Added archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531015713/http://www.iss.europa.eu/nc/actualites/actualite/browse/3/article/security-by-proxy-the-eu-and-sub-regional-organisations-the-case-of-ecowas/">https://web.archive.org/web/20100531015713/http://www.iss.europa.eu/nc/actualites/actualite/browse/3/article/security-by-proxy-the-eu-and-sub-regional-organisations-the-case-of-ecowas/</a> to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iss.europa.eu/nc/actualites/actualite/browse/3/article/security-by-proxy-the-eu-and-sub-regional-organisations-the-case-of-ecowas/">http://www.iss.europa.eu/nc/actualites/actualite/browse/3/article/security-by-proxy-the-eu-and-sub-regional-organisations-the-case-of-ecowas/</a></li></ul> <p>When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs. </p><p>This message was posted before February 2018. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(proposals)/Archive_145#Disable_messages_left_by_InternetArchiveBot" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Archive 145">After February 2018</a>, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by <b><span style="color:darkgrey;font-family:monospace">InternetArchiveBot</span></b>. 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This message is updated dynamically through the template <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Source_check" title="Template:Source check">source check</a>}}</code> <small>(last update: 5 June 2024)</small>. </p> <ul><li>If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iabot.wmcloud.org/index.php?page=reportfalsepositive">this tool</a>.</li> <li>If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iabot.wmcloud.org/index.php?page=manageurlsingle">this tool</a>.</li></ul> <p>Cheers.—<a href="/wiki/User:InternetArchiveBot" title="User:InternetArchiveBot"><b><span style="color:darkgrey;font-family:monospace">InternetArchiveBot</span></b></a> <span style="color:green;font-family:Rockwell">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:InternetArchiveBot" title="User talk:InternetArchiveBot">Report bug</a>)</span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-InternetArchiveBot-2017-12-02T20:43:00.000Z-External_links_modified" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">20:43, 2 December 2017 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-InternetArchiveBot-2017-12-02T20:43:00.000Z-External_links_modified"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-InternetArchiveBot-2017-12-02T20:43:00.000Z-External_links_modified"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="First_diagram_-_legend_(title,_labels)_needed" data-mw-thread-id="h-First_diagram_-_legend_(title,_labels)_needed-2019-07-10T17:47:00.000Z"><span id="First_diagram_-_legend_.28title.2C_labels.29_needed"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-First_diagram_-_legend_(title,_labels)_needed-2019-07-10T17:47:00.000Z"></span>First diagram - legend (title, labels) needed<span data-mw-comment-end="h-First_diagram_-_legend_(title,_labels)_needed-2019-07-10T17:47:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: First diagram - legend (title, labels) needed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Magnon86-2019-07-10T17:47:00.000Z-First_diagram_-_legend_(title,_labels)_needed"></span>On other languages the similar diagram mention green = "member" <a href="/wiki/User:Magnon86" title="User:Magnon86">Magnon86</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Magnon86" title="User talk:Magnon86">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Magnon86-2019-07-10T17:47:00.000Z-First_diagram_-_legend_(title,_labels)_needed" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:47, 10 July 2019 (UTC)</a>magnon86<span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Magnon86-2019-07-10T17:47:00.000Z-First_diagram_-_legend_(title,_labels)_needed"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Magnon86-2019-07-10T17:47:00.000Z-First_diagram_-_legend_(title,_labels)_needed"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Mali" data-mw-thread-id="h-Mali-2021-05-31T04:32:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Mali-2021-05-31T04:32:00.000Z"></span>Mali<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Mali-2021-05-31T04:32:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mali"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Nsnandan2635-2021-05-31T04:32:00.000Z-Mali"></span>Mali was recently suspended from ECOWAS due to the military coup there. Any mention in the article about it? <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/mali-coup-leader-attend-emergency-west-african-summit-2021-05-30">https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/mali-coup-leader-attend-emergency-west-african-summit-2021-05-30</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/User:Nsnandan2635" class="mw-redirect" title="User:Nsnandan2635">Nsnandan2635</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Nsnandan2635" class="mw-redirect" title="User talk:Nsnandan2635">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Nsnandan2635-2021-05-31T04:32:00.000Z-Mali" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">04:32, 31 May 2021 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Nsnandan2635-2021-05-31T04:32:00.000Z-Mali"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Nsnandan2635-2021-05-31T04:32:00.000Z-Mali"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Restructured_article" data-mw-thread-id="h-Restructured_article-2021-09-09T11:36:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Restructured_article-2021-09-09T11:36:00.000Z"></span>Restructured article<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Restructured_article-2021-09-09T11:36:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Restructured article"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Penlite-2021-09-09T11:36:00.000Z-Restructured_article"></span>I have restructured the ECOWAS article, but without substantive changes, generally. Previously, the lede was much larger and more-detailed that <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LEDE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LEDE">WP:LEDE</a> guidelines -- so I moved the excess details to appropriate sections and subsections of the article. </p><p>I moved historical details to a new "History" section (also adding a paragraph about recent coups in member countries, with ref cites). </p><p>Overall organizational structure details of ECOWAS (names of institutions and detailed descriptions of sub-blocs), which clogged the lede with multiple paragraphs, were moved to a new "Overall" subsection at the start of the "Structure" section. </p><p>I moved, then deleted, an un-sourced sentence about Mauritania and Cape Verde membership, because its content was duplicated in properly-sourced text in the "Membership" section. </p><p>Have also flagged much of the moved content as needing citations -- sorely lacking throughout the article. </p><p>Please, people, remember the lede (opening section, before the table of contents) is only for a SUMMARY of the article -- not a dumping ground for every detail you think is significant. Please put such details in appropriate sections/subsections. </p> <dl><dd>~ <a href="/wiki/User:Penlite" title="User:Penlite">Penlite</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Penlite" title="User talk:Penlite">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Penlite-2021-09-09T11:36:00.000Z-Restructured_article" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">11:36, 9 September 2021 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Penlite-2021-09-09T11:36:00.000Z-Restructured_article"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Penlite-2021-09-09T11:36:00.000Z-Restructured_article"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Zone_A?_Zone_B?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Zone_A?_Zone_B?-20230730181500"><span id="Zone_A.3F_Zone_B.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Zone_A?_Zone_B?-20230730181500"></span>Zone A? Zone B?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Zone_A?_Zone_B?-20230730181500"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Zone A? Zone B?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Oneiros-20230730181500-Zone_A?_Zone_B?"></span>These zones are not explained in the article.--<a href="/wiki/User:Oneiros" title="User:Oneiros">Oneiros</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Oneiros" title="User talk:Oneiros">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Oneiros-20230730181500-Zone_A?_Zone_B?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">18:15, 30 July 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Oneiros-20230730181500-Zone_A?_Zone_B?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Oneiros-20230730181500-Zone_A?_Zone_B?"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Grunners-20230805145600-Oneiros-20230730181500"></span>Came here to say the same thing. Google doesn't offer any help either... <a href="/wiki/User:Grunners" title="User:Grunners">Grunners</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Grunners" title="User talk:Grunners">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Grunners-20230805145600-Oneiros-20230730181500" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">14:56, 5 August 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Grunners-20230805145600-Oneiros-20230730181500"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Grunners-20230805145600-Oneiros-20230730181500"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Mebden-20230813184800-Grunners-20230805145600"></span>Agreed, and the Treaty doesn't even mention zones. On 22 October 2017 a user at 66.87.30.144 made twenty quick-fire edits, including creating these mysterious zones. I removed the division just now.<a href="/wiki/User:Mebden" title="User:Mebden">Mebden</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Mebden" title="User talk:Mebden">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Mebden-20230813184800-Grunners-20230805145600" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">18:48, 13 August 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Mebden-20230813184800-Grunners-20230805145600"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Mebden-20230813184800-Grunners-20230805145600"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Niger's_membership" data-mw-thread-id="h-Niger's_membership-20230731154900"><span id="Niger.27s_membership"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Niger's_membership-20230731154900"></span>Niger's membership<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Niger's_membership-20230731154900"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Niger's membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-213.105.99.162-20230731154900-Niger's_membership"></span>ECOWAS announced today the "suspension of all commercial and financial transactions between ECOWAS member states and Niger", along with a "travel ban and asset freeze for the military officials involved in the coup attempt". Does this qualify as a suspension from the bloc? <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/213.105.99.162" title="Special:Contributions/213.105.99.162">213.105.99.162</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:213.105.99.162" title="User talk:213.105.99.162">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-213.105.99.162-20230731154900-Niger's_membership" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">15:49, 31 July 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-213.105.99.162-20230731154900-Niger's_membership"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-213.105.99.162-20230731154900-Niger's_membership"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Labelled_Map?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Labelled_Map?-20230804090500"><span id="Labelled_Map.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Labelled_Map?-20230804090500"></span>Labelled Map?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Labelled_Map?-20230804090500"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Labelled Map?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-92.15.93.46-20230804090500-Labelled_Map?"></span>It would be nice if this entry included a map with the countries labelled, like the one here for the EU. <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union#Member_states">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union#Member_states</a> <small class="autosigned">— Preceding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">unsigned</a> comment added by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/92.15.93.46" title="Special:Contributions/92.15.93.46">92.15.93.46</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:92.15.93.46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:92.15.93.46 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-92.15.93.46-20230804090500-Labelled_Map?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">09:05, 4 August 2023 (UTC)</a></small><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-92.15.93.46-20230804090500-Labelled_Map?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-92.15.93.46-20230804090500-Labelled_Map?"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Military_interventions_not_mentioned" data-mw-thread-id="h-Military_interventions_not_mentioned-20230806055700"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Military_interventions_not_mentioned-20230806055700"></span>Military interventions not mentioned<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Military_interventions_not_mentioned-20230806055700"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Military interventions not mentioned"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-RadioactiveBoulevardier-20230806055700-Military_interventions_not_mentioned"></span>I don’t see any significant mention of the several regional military interventions ECOWAS has conducted. Apart from incompleteness, it could raise POV concerns. <a href="/wiki/User:RadioactiveBoulevardier" title="User:RadioactiveBoulevardier">RadioactiveBoulevardier</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:RadioactiveBoulevardier" title="User talk:RadioactiveBoulevardier">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-RadioactiveBoulevardier-20230806055700-Military_interventions_not_mentioned" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">05:57, 6 August 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-RadioactiveBoulevardier-20230806055700-Military_interventions_not_mentioned"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-RadioactiveBoulevardier-20230806055700-Military_interventions_not_mentioned"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-2601:5CF:8000:6B60:1C9D:1E06:2504:2695-20230811132600-RadioactiveBoulevardier-20230806055700"></span>AGREED! <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/2601:5CF:8000:6B60:1C9D:1E06:2504:2695" title="Special:Contributions/2601:5CF:8000:6B60:1C9D:1E06:2504:2695">2601:5CF:8000:6B60:1C9D:1E06:2504:2695</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:2601:5CF:8000:6B60:1C9D:1E06:2504:2695&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:2601:5CF:8000:6B60:1C9D:1E06:2504:2695 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-2601:5CF:8000:6B60:1C9D:1E06:2504:2695-20230811132600-RadioactiveBoulevardier-20230806055700" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">13:26, 11 August 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-2601:5CF:8000:6B60:1C9D:1E06:2504:2695-20230811132600-RadioactiveBoulevardier-20230806055700"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-2601:5CF:8000:6B60:1C9D:1E06:2504:2695-20230811132600-RadioactiveBoulevardier-20230806055700"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Dashes_in_Status_column_of_ECOWAS_member_states" data-mw-thread-id="h-Dashes_in_Status_column_of_ECOWAS_member_states-20230901085500"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Dashes_in_Status_column_of_ECOWAS_member_states-20230901085500"></span>Dashes in Status column of ECOWAS member states<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Dashes_in_Status_column_of_ECOWAS_member_states-20230901085500"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Dashes in Status column of ECOWAS member states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Milkunderwood-20230901085500-Dashes_in_Status_column_of_ECOWAS_member_states"></span>In the listing of Member states, Burkino Faso, Guinea, Mali and Niger are listed as Suspended, and only Cape Verde and Nigeria are listed as Active. All other members are represented simply by a dash. </p> <ul><li>"Niger was suspended from ECOWAS after the 2023 coup d'état and threatened with military intervention if President Mohamed Bazoum is not restored to office, causing the Nigerien crisis. On 10 August 2023, after an emergency summit ECOWAS announced the creation of a military task force for possible military intervention in Niger should diplomatic talks fail. ECOWAS military chiefs convened a two-day meeting in Accra, Ghana to discuss a possible military intervention against the junta on August 17 and 18, only the Cape Verde was not ready to participate in the standby force."<br/></li></ul> <p>But Cape Verde is one of the only two states indicated as "Active", in addition to Nigeria. Then what of the remaining nine states, represented by dashes? If Cape Verde was not ready to participate, does this mean that Nigeria alone was "active" and ready to participate in "a possible military intervention" in Niger? Or perhaps that the status of each of the remaining nine states was unclear? What are the dashes intended to signify, either in general as members, or in terms of the proposed specific action in Niger?<br/> <a href="/wiki/User:Milkunderwood" title="User:Milkunderwood">Milkunderwood</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Milkunderwood" title="User talk:Milkunderwood">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Milkunderwood-20230901085500-Dashes_in_Status_column_of_ECOWAS_member_states" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">08:55, 1 September 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Milkunderwood-20230901085500-Dashes_in_Status_column_of_ECOWAS_member_states"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Milkunderwood-20230901085500-Dashes_in_Status_column_of_ECOWAS_member_states"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Danlaycock-20231002170700-Milkunderwood-20230901085500"></span>Agreed, not clear what this means so I've removed it. <a href="/wiki/User:Danlaycock" class="mw-redirect" title="User:Danlaycock">TDL</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Danlaycock" title="User talk:Danlaycock">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Danlaycock-20231002170700-Milkunderwood-20230901085500" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:07, 2 October 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Danlaycock-20231002170700-Milkunderwood-20230901085500"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Danlaycock-20231002170700-Milkunderwood-20230901085500"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics" data-mw-thread-id="h-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics-20231012175400"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics-20231012175400"></span>Wiki Education assignment: POLC 3200 African Politics<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics-20231012175400"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Wiki Education assignment: POLC 3200 African Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Emaran1-20231012175400-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics"></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sciences_humaines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/40px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/60px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/80px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"/></a></span> This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-08-21">21 August 2023</span> and <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-12-15">15 December 2023</span>. Further details are available <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wiki_Ed/Tulane_University/POLC_3200_African_Politics_(Fall_2023)" title="Wikipedia:Wiki Ed/Tulane University/POLC 3200 African Politics (Fall 2023)">on the course page</a>. Student editor(s): <a href="/wiki/User:Emaran1" title="User:Emaran1">Emaran1</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xtools.wmflabs.org/topedits/en.wikipedia.org/Emaran1/0/ECOWAS">article contribs</a>). </p><p><span class="wikied-assignment" style="font-size:85%;">— Assignment last updated by <a href="/wiki/User:Emaran1" title="User:Emaran1">Emaran1</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Emaran1" title="User talk:Emaran1">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Emaran1-20231012175400-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:54, 12 October 2023 (UTC)</a></span><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Emaran1-20231012175400-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Emaran1-20231012175400-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics"></span> </p><p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Emaran1-20231024201300-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics"></span>I am currently editing this article to update and verify sources as well as add more information where there are content gaps. Additionally, I will be working to translate and verify sources from this French Wikipedia Page. Here are some updates I will be making based on the discussion in the Talk Page </p> <ul><li>Fix population ranking of ECOWAS</li> <li>Mali’s suspension from ECOWAS due to the military coup there</li> <li>Zone A and Zone B are not explained</li> <li>Treaty does not mention zones</li> <li>Check on the status of Niger’s membership</li> <li>Create a labeled map of the countries included in ECOWAS</li> <li>Mention military interventions</li></ul> <p>My contributions so far: </p> <ul><li>Added more information and sources in the History section of ECOWAS</li> <li>Created a section for the Free Movement of Persons, Resident and Establishment Protocol and gave a brief history of the implementation of the protocol.</li> <li>Created a section for states that have been banned/ left ECOWAS <small class="autosigned">— Preceding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">unsigned</a> comment added by <a href="/wiki/User:Emaran1" title="User:Emaran1">Emaran1</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Emaran1#top" title="User talk:Emaran1">talk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Emaran1" title="Special:Contributions/Emaran1">contribs</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Emaran1-20231024201300-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">20:13, 24 October 2023 (UTC)</a><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Emaran1-20231024201300-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics"></span></small><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Emaran1-20231024201300-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span></li></ul> <p><br/><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Emaran1-20231012180200-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics"></span> Let me know if you have any suggestions. Thank you! <a href="/wiki/User:Emaran1" title="User:Emaran1">Emaran1</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Emaran1" title="User talk:Emaran1">talk</a>)emaran1 <small class="autosigned">— Preceding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">undated</a> comment added <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Emaran1-20231012180200-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">18:02, 12 October 2023 (UTC)</a></small><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Emaran1-20231012180200-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Emaran1-20231012180200-Wiki_Education_assignment:_POLC_3200_African_Politics"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Niger,_Mali_and_Burkina_leave_ECOWAS" data-mw-thread-id="h-Niger,_Mali_and_Burkina_leave_ECOWAS-20240129171300"><span id="Niger.2C_Mali_and_Burkina_leave_ECOWAS"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Niger,_Mali_and_Burkina_leave_ECOWAS-20240129171300"></span>Niger, Mali and Burkina leave ECOWAS<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Niger,_Mali_and_Burkina_leave_ECOWAS-20240129171300"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:ECOWAS&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Niger, Mali and Burkina leave ECOWAS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68122947"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Agnerf-20240129171300-Niger,_Mali_and_Burkina_leave_ECOWAS"></span>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68122947</a> <a href="/wiki/User:Agnerf" title="User:Agnerf">Agnerf</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Agnerf" title="User talk:Agnerf">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Agnerf-20240129171300-Niger,_Mali_and_Burkina_leave_ECOWAS" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:13, 29 January 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Agnerf-20240129171300-Niger,_Mali_and_Burkina_leave_ECOWAS"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Agnerf-20240129171300-Niger,_Mali_and_Burkina_leave_ECOWAS"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Cordless_Larry-20240129200700-Agnerf-20240129171300"></span>From the piece: "According to the Ecowas treaty, member states wishing to withdraw must give written notice a year in advance, and continue to abide by its provisions during that year". <a href="/wiki/User:Cordless_Larry" title="User:Cordless Larry">Cordless Larry</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Cordless_Larry" title="User talk:Cordless Larry">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:ECOWAS#c-Cordless_Larry-20240129200700-Agnerf-20240129171300" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">20:07, 29 January 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Cordless_Larry-20240129200700-Agnerf-20240129171300"><span 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