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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-N1512_(Released_1976)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#N1512_(Released_1976)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>N1512 (Released 1976)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-N1512_(Released_1976)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-N1700_(Released_1977)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#N1700_(Released_1977)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>N1700 (Released 1977)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-N1700_(Released_1977)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-N1702_(Released_1979)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#N1702_(Released_1979)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>N1702 (Released 1979)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-N1702_(Released_1979)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grundig_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grundig_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Grundig models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grundig_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replacement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replacement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Replacement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replacement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul 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French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="VCR" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perekam_kaset_video" title="Perekam kaset video – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perekam kaset video" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Cassette_Recording" title="Video Cassette Recording – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Video Cassette Recording" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/VCR" title="VCR – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="VCR" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Cassette_Recording" title="Video Cassette Recording – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Video Cassette Recording" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/VCR_(Philips)" title="VCR (Philips) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="VCR (Philips)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a 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title="Philips N1500">Philips N1500</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Magnetic tape-based videocassette format</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Video_Compact_Cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Video Compact Cassette">Video Compact Cassette</a> or <a href="/wiki/Videocassette_recorder" title="Videocassette recorder">Videocassette recorder</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Video Cassette Recording</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Philips_Video_Cassette_Recording_VCR_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/84/Philips_Video_Cassette_Recording_VCR_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="158" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Video_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Video recording">Video recording</a> media</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Content_format" title="Content format">Encoding</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">Standard</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/625-line" class="mw-redirect" title="625-line">625-line</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed<span class="nowrap"> </span>by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Usage</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Home_video" title="Home video">Home video</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_lesson" title="Video lesson">Educational use</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data">1972</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N1500_v2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/N1500_v2.jpg/275px-N1500_v2.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/N1500_v2.jpg/413px-N1500_v2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/N1500_v2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption>An N1500 video recorder, with wooden cabinet.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Video Cassette Recording</b> (<b>VCR</b>) is an early domestic <a href="/wiki/Analog_recording" title="Analog recording">analog recording</a> format designed by <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>. It was the first successful consumer-level home <a href="/wiki/Videocassette_recorder" title="Videocassette recorder">videocassette recorder</a> (VCR) system. Later variants included the <b>VCR-LP</b> and <b>Super Video</b> (<b>SVR</b>) formats. </p><p>The VCR format was introduced in 1972, just after the <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> <a href="/wiki/U-matic" title="U-matic">U-matic</a> format in 1971. Although at first glance the two might appear to have been competing formats, they were aimed at very different markets. After failing as a consumer format,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U-matic was marketed as a professional <a href="/wiki/Television_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Television production">television production</a> format, whilst VCR was targeted particularly at educational but also domestic users. Unlike some other early formats such as <a href="/wiki/Cartrivision" title="Cartrivision">Cartrivision</a>, the VCR format does record a high-quality video signal without resorting to <a href="/wiki/Skip_field" title="Skip field">Skip field</a>. </p><p>Home video systems had previously been available, but they were open-reel systems (such as the Sony <a href="/wiki/CV-2000" title="CV-2000">CV-2000</a>) and were expensive to both buy and operate. They were also unreliable and often only recorded in black and white such as the <a href="/wiki/EIAJ-1" title="EIAJ-1">EIAJ-1</a>. The VCR system was easy to use and recorded in colour but was still expensive: when it was introduced in 1972 the <b>N1500</b> recorder cost nearly <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>600 (equivalent to £10,000 in 2023). By comparison, a small car (the <a href="/wiki/Mini" title="Mini">Morris Mini</a>) could be purchased for just over £600. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vcr_kassetten.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vcr_kassetten.jpeg/275px-Vcr_kassetten.jpeg" decoding="async" width="275" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vcr_kassetten.jpeg/413px-Vcr_kassetten.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vcr_kassetten.jpeg/550px-Vcr_kassetten.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1454" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption>VCR-format video cassettes with one inside a case (left) and the other on its own (right). A <a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Disc">CD</a> is shown for scale.</figcaption></figure> <p>The VCR format used large square cassettes with 2 co-axial reels, one on top of the other, containing <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-inch-wide (12.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/Chromium#Applications" title="Chromium">chrome dioxide</a> <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">magnetic tape</a>. Three playing times were available: 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The 60-minute <a href="/wiki/Videocassette#Cassette_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="Videocassette">videocassettes</a> proved very unreliable, suffering numerous snags and breakages due to the very thin 17-micrometre (0.67-mil) <a href="/wiki/Video_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Video tape">video tape</a>. Tapes of 45 minutes or less contained 20-micrometre (0.79-mil) thickness tape. The mechanically complicated recorders themselves also proved somewhat unreliable. One particularly common failing occurred should tape slack develop within the cassette; the tape from the top (takeup) spool may droop into the path of the bottom (supply) spool and become entangled in it if rewind was selected. The cassette would then completely jam and require dismantling to clear the problem, and the tape would then be creased and damaged. </p><p>The system predated the development of the <a href="/wiki/Slant_azimuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Slant azimuth">slant azimuth</a> technique to prevent crosstalk between adjacent video tracks, so it had to use an unrecorded guard band between tracks. This required the system to run at a tape speed of 14.29 cm/s (5.63 inches per second).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 6.56 cm/s (2.58 inches per second) was the speed of the long play variant.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Philips VCR system brought together many advances in video recording technology to produce the first truly practical home video cassette system. The very first Philips N1500 model included all the essential elements of a domestic video cassette recorder: </p> <ul><li>Simple loading of cassette and simple operation using "Piano Key" controls, with full auto-stop at tape ends.</li> <li>A tuner for recording off-air television programmes.</li> <li>A clock with timer for unattended recordings.</li> <li>A modulator to allow connection to a normal (for the time) television receiver without audio and video input connectors.</li></ul> <p>The Philips VCR system was marketed only in the UK, mainland Europe, Australia and South Africa. In mid-1977, Philips announced they were considering distribution of the format in North America, and it was test marketed for several months. Because the format was initially designed only for use with the 625-line 50-hertz (3,000 rpm) <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a> system, VCR units had to be modified in order to work with the 60-hertz (3,600 rpm) <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a> system. Unfortunately, for mechanical and electronic reasons, the tape speed had to be increased by 20%, which resulted in a 60-minute PAL tape running for 50 minutes in a NTSC machine. DuPont announced a thinner videotape formulation that would allow a 60-minute NTSC VCR tape (and roughly 70 minutes in PAL), but the tape was even less reliable than previous formulations. Ultimately, Philips abandoned any hope of trying to sell their VCR format in North America, partly because of the reliability issues, and partly because of the introduction of <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> that same year. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philips_N1702.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Philips_N1702.jpg/220px-Philips_N1702.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Philips_N1702.jpg/330px-Philips_N1702.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Philips_N1702.jpg/440px-Philips_N1702.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Philips N1702. A VCR-LP recorder.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SVR_video_recorder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/SVR_video_recorder.jpg/220px-SVR_video_recorder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/SVR_video_recorder.jpg/330px-SVR_video_recorder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/SVR_video_recorder.jpg/440px-SVR_video_recorder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3066" data-file-height="1711" /></a><figcaption>The rare Grundig SVR4004 machine.</figcaption></figure> <p>VCR later evolved into a related format known as <b>VCR-LP</b>. This exploited <a href="/wiki/Slant_azimuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Slant azimuth">slant azimuth</a> to greatly increase the recording time. Although both formats used identical VCR cassettes, the recordings were incompatible between the two systems, and few if any dual-format recorders existed. Philips N1700, released in 1977, supported the VCR-LP format. </p><p>A later even longer-playing variant, <b>Super Video</b> (<b>SVR</b>) was manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Grundig" title="Grundig">Grundig</a> exclusively. SVR was designed to exclusively use <a href="/wiki/EMTEC" title="EMTEC">BASF</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Agfa-Gevaert" title="Agfa-Gevaert">Agfa</a>-manufactured chrome-dioxide tape in cassettes that were identical to the earlier Philips ones, with the exception of a small actuator added to the bottom of the cassette. This meant that only the BASF/Agfa tapes would work in SVR machines, but that such tapes could also be used in the older VCR and VCR-LP machines. Just as VCR-LP recordings are incompatible with VCR, so SVR recordings are incompatible with both VCR and VCR-LP. The only model to be built was the Grundig SVR4004, with a few detail variations such as optional audio/video connectors, plus a rebadged ITT 240. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cassette_playing_times">Cassette playing times</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cassette playing times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philips_VC60_Video_Cassette_Recording_tape_(front)_(from_MoOM).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Philips_VC60_Video_Cassette_Recording_tape_%28front%29_%28from_MoOM%29.jpg/220px-Philips_VC60_Video_Cassette_Recording_tape_%28front%29_%28from_MoOM%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Philips_VC60_Video_Cassette_Recording_tape_%28front%29_%28from_MoOM%29.jpg/330px-Philips_VC60_Video_Cassette_Recording_tape_%28front%29_%28from_MoOM%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Philips_VC60_Video_Cassette_Recording_tape_%28front%29_%28from_MoOM%29.jpg/440px-Philips_VC60_Video_Cassette_Recording_tape_%28front%29_%28from_MoOM%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1753" data-file-height="1753" /></a><figcaption>Front view of a Philips VC60 cassette.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philips_VC60_Video_Cassette_Recording_tape_(rear_with_tape_exposed)_(from_MoOM).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Philips_VC60_Video_Cassette_Recording_tape_%28rear_with_tape_exposed%29_%28from_MoOM%29.jpg/220px-Philips_VC60_Video_Cassette_Recording_tape_%28rear_with_tape_exposed%29_%28from_MoOM%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Philips_VC60_Video_Cassette_Recording_tape_%28rear_with_tape_exposed%29_%28from_MoOM%29.jpg/330px-Philips_VC60_Video_Cassette_Recording_tape_%28rear_with_tape_exposed%29_%28from_MoOM%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Philips_VC60_Video_Cassette_Recording_tape_%28rear_with_tape_exposed%29_%28from_MoOM%29.jpg/440px-Philips_VC60_Video_Cassette_Recording_tape_%28rear_with_tape_exposed%29_%28from_MoOM%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1860" /></a><figcaption>Rear view of the Philips VC60 cassette with the tape exposed</figcaption></figure> <p>This chart provides an overview of playing times (in minutes) for the most common cassettes released for standard VCR, VCR-LP and SVR. </p><p>VC cassettes were originally developed for standard VCR. LVC cassettes were developed for VCR-LP, but are physically identical to VC cassettes. SVC cassettes were specifically developed for SVR. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Tape label </th> <th colspan="3">Playing time </th></tr> <tr> <th>VCR </th> <th>VCR-LP </th> <th>SVR </th></tr> <tr> <th>VC 30 </th> <td>30 </td> <td>65 </td> <td>-** </td></tr> <tr> <th>VC 45 </th> <td>45 </td> <td>97 </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th>VC 60 </th> <td>60 </td> <td>130 </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th>LVC 60 </th> <td>27 </td> <td>60 </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th>LVC 90 </th> <td>41 </td> <td>90 </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th>LVC 120 </th> <td>55 </td> <td>120 </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th>LVC 150 </th> <td>69 </td> <td>150 </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th>LVC 180 </th> <td>83* </td> <td>180 </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th>SVC 2 </th> <td>30 </td> <td>70 </td> <td>120 </td></tr> <tr> <th>SVC 3 </th> <td>50 </td> <td>105 </td> <td>180 </td></tr> <tr> <th>SVC 4 </th> <td>65 </td> <td>145 </td> <td>240 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grundig-Video-SVC-2-Kassette-1978-Wei%C3%9F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Grundig-Video-SVC-2-Kassette-1978-Wei%C3%9F.jpg/220px-Grundig-Video-SVC-2-Kassette-1978-Wei%C3%9F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Grundig-Video-SVC-2-Kassette-1978-Wei%C3%9F.jpg/330px-Grundig-Video-SVC-2-Kassette-1978-Wei%C3%9F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Grundig-Video-SVC-2-Kassette-1978-Wei%C3%9F.jpg/440px-Grundig-Video-SVC-2-Kassette-1978-Wei%C3%9F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1182" /></a><figcaption>SVR-compatible cassette (with running times marked for SVR, standard VCR and VCR-LP usage)</figcaption></figure> <p>*) LVC 180 was not recommended for use in a standard VCR machine due to a thin tape base.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>**) VC and LVC cassettes do not work in a SVR machine. However, SVC cassettes may be used in VCR and VCR-LP machines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Models">Models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="N1500_(1972)"><span id="N1500_.281972.29"></span>N1500 (1972)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: N1500 (1972)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Philips machine was model number N1500, after which the format is also known. This had "first generation" mechanics including magnetic braking servo systems applied to relatively large mains voltage induction motors. The outer edge of the cabinet was wooden. The power cable was detachable, but used an obscure connector for which replacements are not readily available. The N1520 was a N1500 without TV tuner and timer, but with editing functions assemble and insert (using four video heads), 2 track linear audio (not stereo but independent mono channels) and direct AV in/out connections. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="N1460_(Released_1973)"><span id="N1460_.28Released_1973.29"></span>N1460 (Released 1973)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: N1460 (Released 1973)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Often found in schools and colleges where a few master VCR recorders made off-air recordings and the cheaper N1460s were used for playback. In Poland, a slightly modified version was made under the name Unitra magnetowid kasetowy MTV-20. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="N1501_(Released_1974)"><span id="N1501_.28Released_1974.29"></span>N1501 (Released 1974)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: N1501 (Released 1974)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TuVM_Stade,_Philips_N_1501.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TuVM_Stade%2C_Philips_N_1501.jpg/220px-TuVM_Stade%2C_Philips_N_1501.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TuVM_Stade%2C_Philips_N_1501.jpg/330px-TuVM_Stade%2C_Philips_N_1501.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/TuVM_Stade%2C_Philips_N_1501.jpg/440px-TuVM_Stade%2C_Philips_N_1501.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="2172" /></a><figcaption>N1501 and VCR video cassettes</figcaption></figure> <p>AC Mains present all over the place inside: mains motors, mains clock etc. Slightly improved colour circuitry compared to the original N1500, also modified field blanking to reduce flyback interference on some televisions. Cosmetic variations on the N1500, with black replacing the silver frontage and black plastic surround rather than wood. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="N1502_(Released_1976)"><span id="N1502_.28Released_1976.29"></span>N1502 (Released 1976)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: N1502 (Released 1976)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The later model N1502 had a totally different mechanism using DC motors and more advanced electronics, and was somewhat more reliable. A later version again was still called N1502 but had further significant mechanical and electronic advances, and in particular had a worm drive for operation of the loading mechanism rather than a fragile plastic gearbox assembly. Earlier machines had a hardwired mains cable, later ones were fitted with a standard "Figure-8" <a href="/wiki/IEC_60320" title="IEC 60320">C7</a> power socket. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="N1512_(Released_1976)"><span id="N1512_.28Released_1976.29"></span>N1512 (Released 1976)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: N1512 (Released 1976)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The N1512 model offered composite video input and output connectors, but was otherwise the same as the N1502. The VCR-LP model N1700 was closely related to the later N1502 variant. Other, rarer Philips models included stereo sound and editing capabilities. Circuitry and internal layout was much more modular than the first generation Philips VCRs. Used quiet DC motors (First generation VCR's used hefty synchronous AC mains motors). Basically this model was the same as the Philips N1502 with an extra board for video in / out. Channel button 8 selected video in. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="N1700_(Released_1977)"><span id="N1700_.28Released_1977.29"></span>N1700 (Released 1977)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: N1700 (Released 1977)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Superficially similar to the Philips N1502 both externally and internally. Some components were interchangeable between the two models. Slower tape-speed and a slant-azimuth recording technique (to almost eliminate cross-talk between video tracks without using tape-wasting guard-bands) made possible the longer playing time without a noticeable loss in picture quality. The mains lead was hard-wired into the machine; however later releases of the N1700 had a removable lead - this would become standard on the N1702 model. Also on later models, presumably as the company had already started production of the N1702, the internal Video Head is also sometimes labelled as N1702 instead of N1700. The price in the UK was around £700 which would be over £5,500 in 2023. A Skantic branded clone model VCR 1209281 had the silver top design of the later N1702 model. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Denis_Norden" title="Denis Norden">Denis Norden</a> promoted this model in the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_video" title="Industrial video">industrial video</a> "The Philips Time Machine".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="N1702_(Released_1979)"><span id="N1702_.28Released_1979.29"></span>N1702 (Released 1979)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: N1702 (Released 1979)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similar to the Philips model N1700, the N1702 had a lighter coloured top cover (N1702 was silver and black whilst the N1700 was grey). A 4-digit counter, a 9-day timer, separate mains lead (not hardwired in), and a test-pattern generator to aid TV tuning. Tape transport legends in slightly different position on later N1702's. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grundig_models">Grundig models</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Grundig models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grundig built a VCR4000 VCR-LP model which had microprocessor control and so treated the tapes more gently than the purely mechanical decks, and the SVR4004 (longer running SVR format) model was very similar. Other Grundig models included the VCR3000 (believed to be VCR format) and VCR5000AV (believed to be the only dual format VCR and VCR-LP machine). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Replacement">Replacement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Replacement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 1970s, the VCR formats were superseded altogether by <a href="/wiki/Video_2000" title="Video 2000">Video 2000</a> (also known as 'Video Compact Cassette' or VCC). Due to the similar <a href="/wiki/Acronym_and_initialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Acronym and initialism">initialisms</a>, and the fact that both were designed by Philips, the 'VCC' and 'VCR' formats are often confused. However, the two systems are incompatible, and there are significant differences between them. Some Video 2000 machines carry a modified version of the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Advert clickable for full-scale scan showing use of modified "VCR" logo">"VCR" logo</span><sup id="cite_ref-noesundesfile_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noesundesfile-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (such as had appeared on the N1500 and N1700<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> machines), adding further to this confusion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAscherPincus2007" class="citation book cs1">Ascher, Steven; Pincus, Edward (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415160210/https://books.google.com/books?id=JBKTF9PdgFMC&dq=umatic+a+consumer+format&pg=PT56#v=onepage&q=umatic%20a%20consumer%20format&f=false"><i>The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age</i></a>. New York: Penguin Group US. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4406-3700-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4406-3700-1"><bdi>978-1-4406-3700-1</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JBKTF9PdgFMC&pg=PAPT56&q=%22a+consumer+format%22">the original</a> on 15 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2016</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Filmmaker%27s+Handbook%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide+for+the+Digital+Age&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Group+US&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4406-3700-1&rft.aulast=Ascher&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Pincus%2C+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJBKTF9PdgFMC%26pg%3DPAPT56%26q%3D%2522a%2Bconsumer%2Bformat%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+Cassette+Recording" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philips_n1500_vcr_sm">"N 1500 Video Recorder Service Manual"</a> (Manual) (in Dutch). Philips. p. 16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2024</span> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N+1500+Video+Recorder+Service+Manual&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Philips&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphilips_n1500_vcr_sm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+Cassette+Recording" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manual_N1702_SM_PHILIPS_EN/page/n3/mode/2up">"N1700 video cassetterecorder Service Manual"</a> (Manual). Philips. p. 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2024</span> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N1700+video+cassetterecorder+Service+Manual&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Philips&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanual_N1702_SM_PHILIPS_EN%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+Cassette+Recording" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160621020406/http://troysvintagevideo.0catch.com/philipsvcr.html">"The 1970's Philips VCR format"</a>. <i>Troy's Vintage Video Collection</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://troysvintagevideo.0catch.com/philipsvcr.html">the original</a> on 21 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Troy%27s+Vintage+Video+Collection&rft.atitle=The+1970%27s+Philips+VCR+format&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftroysvintagevideo.0catch.com%2Fphilipsvcr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+Cassette+Recording" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gPCW1NZDbw"><i>The Philips Time Machine</i></a>. 18 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2018</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Philips+Time+Machine&rft.date=2011-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D9gPCW1NZDbw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+Cassette+Recording" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noesundesfile-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-noesundesfile_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407124233/http://www.noesundesfile.com/2012/11/memorias-de-mi-video-2000.html">"Memorias de mi Vídeo 2000"</a> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noesundesfile.blogspot.co.uk/2012/11/memorias-de-mi-video-2000.html">the original</a> on 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memorias+de+mi+V%C3%ADdeo+2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnoesundesfile.blogspot.co.uk%2F2012%2F11%2Fmemorias-de-mi-video-2000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+Cassette+Recording" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329120821/http://betamax-video.de/formate/vcr.html">"VCR-Videoformat"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://betamax-video.de/formate/vcr.html">the original</a> on 29 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VCR-Videoformat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbetamax-video.de%2Fformate%2Fvcr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+Cassette+Recording" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Video_Cassette_Recording" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Video Cassette Recording">Video Cassette Recording</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.totalrewind.org">Total Rewind - The Virtual Museum of Vintage VCRs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldtechnology.net/detailsn1500.html">Mikey's Vintage VTR Page - N1500/'VCR'</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130105204048/http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/philips_vcr/">Yahoo group dedicated to N1500, N1700 and SVR format machines</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wC_CLEQnM8w"><span class="plainlinks">Early Philips VCR format also known as N1500, N1700, SVC</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obsoletemedia.org/vcr/">Video Cassette Recording (VCR)</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obsoletemedia.org/vcr-lp/">Video Cassette Recording Long-Play (VCR-LP)</a> at the Museum of Obsolete Media</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Video_storage_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_storage_formats" title="Template:Video storage formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_storage_formats" title="Template talk:Video storage formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_storage_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video storage formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_storage_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">Video storage formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Videotape" title="Videotape">Videotape</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video#Analog_video" title="Video">Analog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadruplex_videotape" title="Quadruplex videotape">Quadruplex</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Electronic_Recording_Apparatus" title="Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus">VERA</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampex_2_inch_helical_VTR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ampex 2 inch helical VTR">Ampex 2 inch helical VTR</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampex_2_inch_helical_VTR#Joint_efforts_with_Sony_and_then_Toshiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ampex 2 inch helical VTR">Sony 2 inch helical VTR</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_A_videotape" title="Type A videotape">Type A</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CV-2000" title="CV-2000">CV-2000</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akai_videotape_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Akai videotape format">Akai</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIAJ-1" title="EIAJ-1">EIAJ-1</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-matic" title="U-matic">U-matic</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartrivision" title="Cartrivision">Cartrivision</a> (1972)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philips VCR</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-Cord" title="V-Cord">V-Cord</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VX_(videocassette_format)" title="VX (videocassette format)">VX</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamax" title="Betamax">Betamax</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IVC_videotape_format" title="IVC videotape format">IVC</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_B_videotape" title="Type B videotape">Type B</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_C_videotape" title="Type C videotape">Type C</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akai_VK" title="Akai VK">VK</a> (1977)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SVR</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_2000" title="Video 2000">Video 2000</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Video_Cassette" title="Compact Video Cassette">CVC</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VHS-C" title="VHS-C">VHS-C</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_(videocassette_format)" title="M (videocassette format)">M</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betacam" title="Betacam">Betacam</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_mm_video_format" title="8 mm video format">Video8</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betacam#Betacam_SP" title="Betacam">Betacam SP</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MII_(videocassette_format)" title="MII (videocassette format)">MII</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-VHS" title="S-VHS">S-VHS</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VHS-C" title="VHS-C">S-VHS-C</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi8" class="mw-redirect" title="Hi8">Hi8</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruvi" title="Ruvi">Ruvi</a> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_video" title="Digital video">Digital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D-1_(Sony)" title="D-1 (Sony)">D1</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-2_(video)" title="D-2 (video)">D2</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-3_(video)" title="D-3 (video)">D3</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DCT_(videocassette_format)" title="DCT (videocassette format)">DCT</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betacam#Digital_Betacam" title="Betacam">Digital Betacam</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D5_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="D5 HD">D5</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital-S" title="Digital-S">Digital-S (D9)</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betacam#Betacam_SX" title="Betacam">Betacam SX</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital8" title="Digital8">Digital8</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betacam#MPEG_IMX" title="Betacam">MPEG IMX</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroMV" title="MicroMV">MicroMV</a> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">High Definition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_HDVS" title="Sony HDVS">Sony HDVS</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_HDVS" title="Sony HDVS">UniHi</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_B_videotape#Special_BCN_units" title="Type B videotape">BCH 1000</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W-VHS" title="W-VHS">W-VHS</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDCAM" title="HDCAM">HDCAM</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-VHS" title="D-VHS">D-VHS</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D6_HDTV_VTR" title="D6 HDTV VTR">D6 HDTV VTR</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDV" title="HDV">HDV</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDCAM#HDCAM_SR" title="HDCAM">HDCAM SR</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Videodisc" title="Videodisc">Videodisc</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Analog</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonovision" title="Phonovision">Phonovision</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampex#HS-100_.26_HS-200_.22slo-mo.22_disc_recorder" title="Ampex">Ampex-HS</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Electronic_Disc" title="Television Electronic Disc">TeD</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capacitance_Electronic_Disc" title="Capacitance Electronic Disc">CED</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_High_Density" title="Video High Density">VHD</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laserfilm" title="Laserfilm">Laserfilm</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_Video" title="CD Video">CD Video</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Single_Disc" title="Video Single Disc">VSD</a> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_CD" title="Video CD">VCD</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MovieCD" title="MovieCD">MovieCD</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniDVD" title="MiniDVD">MiniDVD</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1996</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Video_CD#CVD" title="Super Video CD">CVD</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Video_CD" title="Super Video CD">SVCD</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Versatile_Disc" title="Enhanced Versatile Disc">EVD</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VideoNow" title="VideoNow">PVD (Personal Video Disc)</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Media_Disc" title="Universal Media Disc">UMD</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_Versatile_Disc" title="Forward Versatile Disc">FVD</a> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">High Definition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">MUSE Hi-Vision LD</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Disc" title="Professional Disc">Professional Disc (PFD)</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Definition_Versatile_Disc" title="High-Definition Versatile Disc">HVD (High-Definition Versatile Disc)</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Multilayer_Disc" title="Versatile Multilayer Disc">VMD</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">BD (Blu-ray Disc)</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray#Mini_Blu-ray_Disc" title="Blu-ray">MiniBD</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2006</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holographic_Versatile_Disc" title="Holographic Versatile Disc">HVD (Holographic Versatile Disc)</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Blue_High-definition_Disc" title="China Blue High-definition Disc">CBHD (China Blue High-definition Disc)</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra-High Definition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">UHD-BD (Ultra HD Blu-ray)</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virtual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media agnostic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">DV</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)#DVCPRO" title="DV (video format)">DVCPRO</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)#DVCAM" title="DV (video format)">DVCAM</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)#DVCPRO50" title="DV (video format)">DVCPRO50</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)#DVCPRO_HD" title="DV (video format)">DVCPRO HD</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tapeless</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CamCutter" title="CamCutter">CamCutter</a> <a href="/wiki/Editcam" title="Editcam">Editcam</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDCAM" title="XDCAM">XDCAM</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance_Video" title="Game Boy Advance Video">GBA-TV</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOD_and_TOD" title="MOD and TOD">MOD</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVCHD" title="AVCHD">AVCHD</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVC-Intra" title="AVC-Intra">AVC-Intra</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOD_and_TOD" title="MOD and TOD">TOD</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFrame_(video_format)" title="IFrame (video format)">iFrame</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAVC" title="XAVC">XAVC</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_electronics" title="Solid-state electronics">Solid state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P2_(storage_media)" title="P2 (storage media)">P2</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDCAM#SxS" title="XDCAM">SxS</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroP2" title="MicroP2">MicroP2</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video recorded to film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_8_mm_film#Standard_8_mm_variants" title="Standard 8 mm film">8mm magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_8_film" title="Super 8 film">Super 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinescope" title="Kinescope">Kinescope</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronicam" title="Electronicam">Electronicam kinescope</a> (1950s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Video_Recording" title="Electronic Video Recording">Electronic Video Recording</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&oldid=1242527227">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Video_Cassette_Recording&oldid=1242527227</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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