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Fonda and Hopper play two [[motorcycling|biker]]s who travel through the [[Southwest United States|American Southwest]] and [[Southern United States|South]], carrying the proceeds from a [[cocaine]] deal. Other actors in the film include [[Jack Nicholson]], [[Karen Black]] and [[Toni Basil]]. The success of ''Easy Rider'' helped spark the [[New Hollywood]] era of filmmaking during the early 1970s. A landmark [[Counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture]] film, and a "touchstone for a generation" that "captured the national imagination," ''Easy Rider'' explores the societal landscape, issues, and tensions towards [[adolescents]] in the United States during the 1960s, such as the rise of the [[hippie]] movement, [[recreational drug use|drug use]], and [[Intentional community|communal]] lifestyle.<ref name="boingboing">{{cite news|title = Peter Fonda's Easy Rider auction |last=Pescovitz |first=David |website = Boing Boing| date = 2007-09-16| url = http://www.boingboing.net/2007/09/16/peter-fondas-easy-ri.html| access-date = 2008-10-18 }}</ref><ref name="post-dispatch">{{cite news| title = Born to be a classic: "Easy Rider" was a touchstone for a generation and for American filmmaking | newspaper=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]| date = 2001-07-29| url = http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SL&p_theme=sl&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0ED904BFDE2A32EA&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D| access-date = 2008-10-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003101059/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SL&p_theme=sl&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0ED904BFDE2A32EA&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D |archive-date=October 3, 2018}}</ref> Real drugs were used in scenes showing the use of marijuana and other substances.<ref name="Kiselyak" /> An [[Independent film|independent]] production,<ref name="cineflixindies">{{cite web |last=Gage |first=Clint |date=June 26, 2022 |title=The Top 10 Indie Movies of All Time: A Cinefix Movie List |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/best-independent-indie-movies-cinefix-list |website=IGN}}</ref><ref name="poppulp">{{cite magazine |date=July 3, 2014 |title=Great U.S. Indie Films: 'Texas Chainsaw Massacre' to 'Pulp Fiction' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-lists/declaration-of-independents-the-30-greatest-american-indie-films-19373/ |magazine=Rolling Stone}}</ref> the film was released by [[Columbia Pictures]] on July 14, 1969, and earned $60 million worldwide compared to a modest filming budget of $400,000.<ref name=BudgetCitations/><ref name="box office"/> Critics have praised the performances, directing, writing, soundtrack, and visuals. It received two [[Academy Awards]] nominations for [[Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]] and [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] (Jack Nicholson). In 1998, the film was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name=Registry>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/|title=Complete National Film Registry Listing |website=Library of Congress|access-date=2020-02-27}}</ref> ==Plot==  Wyatt and Billy are freewheeling motorcyclists. After&nbsp;smuggling cocaine from Mexico to [[Los Angeles]], they sell their haul and receive a large sum of money. With the cash stuffed into a plastic tube hidden inside the Stars & Stripes-painted fuel tank of Wyatt's California-style [[chopper (motorcycle)|chopper]], they ride eastward aiming to reach [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, in time for the [[New Orleans Mardi Gras|Mardi Gras]] festival. During their trip, Wyatt and Billy stop to repair a flat tire on Wyatt's bike at a farmstead in Arizona and have a meal with the farmer and his family. Later, Wyatt picks up a [[hippie]] [[Hitchhiking|hitch-hiker]], and he invites them to visit his [[Intentional community|commune]], where they stay for the rest of the day. The notion of "[[free love]]" appears to be practiced, with two of the women, Lisa and Sarah, seemingly sharing the affections of the hitch-hiking commune member before turning their attention to Wyatt and Billy. As the bikers leave, the hitch-hiker gives Wyatt some [[lysergic acid diethylamide|LSD]] for him to share with "the right people, at the right time". Later, while riding along with a parade in New Mexico, the pair are arrested for "parading without a permit" and thrown in jail. There, they befriend lawyer George Hanson, who has spent the night in jail after overindulging in alcohol. After the mention of having done work for the [[American Civil Liberties Union|ACLU]] along with other conversation, George helps them get out of jail and decides to travel with Wyatt and Billy to New Orleans. As they camp that night, Wyatt and Billy introduce George to [[cannabis (drug)|marijuana]]. As an [[alcoholism|alcoholic]] and a [[square (slang)|"square"]], George is reluctant to try it due to his fear of becoming "[[addiction|hooked]]" and it [[gateway drug theory|leading to worse drugs]] but quickly relents. Stopping to eat at a small-town Louisiana diner, the trio attracts the attention of the locals. The girls in the restaurant think they are exciting, but the local men and a police officer make denigrating comments and taunts. Wyatt, Billy, and George decide to leave without any fuss. They make camp outside town. In the middle of the night, a group of locals attack the sleeping trio, beating them with clubs. Billy screams and brandishes a knife, and the attackers leave. Wyatt and Billy suffer minor injuries, but George has been bludgeoned to death. Wyatt and Billy wrap George's body in his sleeping bag, gather his belongings, and vow to return the items to his family. They continue to New Orleans and find a [[brothel]] George had told them about earlier in the film. Taking prostitutes Karen and Mary with them, Wyatt and Billy wander the parade-filled streets of the Mardi Gras celebration. They end up in a [[French Quarter]] cemetery, where all four ingest the LSD the hitch-hiker had given to Wyatt. Later at their campsite, while Billy enthusiastically recounts their travels, Wyatt melancholically muses that they "blew it" in their quest. The next morning, as they are overtaken on a two-lane country road by two local men in an older pickup truck, the passenger in the truck reaches for a shotgun, saying he will scare them. As they pass Billy, the passenger fires, and Billy has a [[Lowsider|lowside crash]]. The truck passes Wyatt who has stopped, and Wyatt rides back to Billy, finding him lying flat on the side of the road and covered in blood. Wyatt tells Billy he's going to get help and covers Billy's wound with his own leather jacket. Wyatt then rides down the road toward the pickup as it makes a U-turn. Passing in the opposite direction, the passenger fires the shotgun again, this time through the driver's-side window. Wyatt's riderless motorcycle flies through the air and comes apart before landing and becoming engulfed in flames. ==Cast== {{div col}} * [[Peter Fonda]] as Wyatt, "Captain America" * [[Dennis Hopper]] as Billy * [[Jack Nicholson]] as George Hanson * [[Luke Askew]] as Stranger on Highway * [[Phil Spector]] as Connection * [[Karen Black]] as Karen * [[Toni Basil]] as Mary * Antonio Mendoza as Jesus * Mac Mashourian as Bodyguard * [[Warren Finnerty]] as Rancher * Tita Colorado as Rancher's Wife * [[Luana Anders]] as Lisa * [[Sabrina Scharf]] as Sarah * [[Robert Walker Jr.]] as Jack * Sandy Brown Wyeth as Joanne {{div col end}} ==Production== ===Writing=== Hopper and Fonda's first collaboration was in ''[[The Trip (1967 film)|The Trip]]'' (1967), written by Jack Nicholson, which had themes and characters similar to those of ''Easy Rider''.<ref name=Mills/> Peter Fonda had become "an icon of the counterculture" in ''[[The Wild Angels]]'' (1966), where he established "a persona he would develop further in ''The Trip'' and ''Easy Rider''."<ref name=Laderman2010/> ''The Trip'' also popularized LSD, while ''Easy Rider'' went on to "celebrate '60s counterculture" but does so "stripped of its innocence."<ref name=Boyd2009/> Author Katie Mills wrote that ''The Trip'' is a way point along the "metamorphosis of the rebel road story from a [[Beat Generation|Beat]] relic into its hippie reincarnation as ''Easy Rider''", and connected Peter Fonda's characters in those two films, along with his character in ''The Wild Angels'', deviating from the "formulaic biker" persona and critiquing "commodity-oriented filmmakers appropriating [[avant-garde film]] techniques."<ref name=Mills/> It was also a step in the transition from [[independent film]] into [[Hollywood film|Hollywood]]'s mainstream, and while ''The Trip'' was criticized as a faux, popularized [[underground film]] made by Hollywood insiders, ''Easy Rider'' "interrogates" the attitude that underground film must "remain strictly segregated from Hollywood."<ref name=Mills/> Mills also wrote that the famous acid trip scene in ''Easy Rider'' "clearly derives from their first tentative explorations as filmmakers in ''The Trip''."<ref name=Mills/> ''The Trip'' and ''The Wild Angels'' had been low-budget films released by [[American International Pictures]] and were both successful. When Fonda took ''Easy Rider'' to AIP, however, as it was Hopper's first film as director, they wanted to be able to replace him if the film went overbudget, so Fonda took the film to [[Bert Schneider]] of [[Raybert Productions]] and [[Columbia Pictures]] instead.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Daily Variety]]|date=February 11, 1970|page=6|title='Easy Rider' No Accident; Those AIPix Trailblazed For It|last=Setlowe|first=Rick}}</ref> When seeing a still of himself and [[Bruce Dern]] in ''[[The Wild Angels]]'', Peter Fonda had the idea of a modern [[Western film|Western]], involving two bikers travelling around the country and eventually getting shot by hillbillies. He called Dennis Hopper, and the two decided to turn that into a movie, ''The Loners'', with Hopper directing, Fonda producing, and both starring and writing. They brought in screenwriter [[Terry Southern]], who came up with the title ''Easy Rider''. The film was mostly shot without a screenplay, with [[ad-lib]]bed lines, and production started with only the outline and the names of the protagonists. Keeping the Western theme, Wyatt was named after [[Wyatt Earp]] and Billy after [[Billy the Kid]].<ref name=biskind/> However, Southern disputed that Hopper wrote much of the script. In an interview published in 2016 [Southern died in 1995] he said, "You know if Den Hopper improvises a dozen lines and six of them survive the cutting room floor he'll put in for screenplay credit. Now it would be almost impossible to exaggerate his contribution to the film—but, by George, he manages to do it every time."<ref name="Golden">{{cite news|url=http://creativescreenwriting.com/terry-southern-writing-to-his-own-beat/|title=Terry Southern: Writing to His Own Beat|last=Golden|first=Mike|date=January 12, 2016|work=Creative Screenwriting|access-date=January 21, 2016}}</ref> According to Southern, Fonda was under contract to produce a motorcycle film with A.I.P., which Fonda had agreed to allow Hopper to direct. According to Southern, Fonda and Hopper didn't seek screenplay credit until after the first screenings of the film, which required Southern's agreement due to [[Screen Writers Guild|writers guild]] policies. Southern says he agreed out of a sense of camaraderie, and that Hopper later took credit for the entire script.<ref name="Golden"/> According to Terry Southern's biographer, Lee Hill, the part of George Hanson had been written for Southern's friend, actor [[Rip Torn]]. When Torn met with Hopper and Fonda at a New York restaurant in early 1968 to discuss the role, Hopper began ranting about the "[[redneck]]s" he had encountered on his scouting trip to the South. Torn, a Texan, took exception to some of Hopper's remarks, and the two almost came to blows, as a result of which Torn withdrew from the project. Torn was replaced by Jack Nicholson. In 1994, [[Jay Leno]] interviewed Hopper about ''Easy Rider ''on ''[[The Tonight Show with Jay Leno|The Tonight Show]]'', and during the interview, Hopper falsely claimed that Torn had pulled a knife on him during the altercation when it was actually the other way around. This infuriated Torn, so he sued Hopper for defamation seeking punitive damages. Torn ultimately prevailed against Hopper on all counts.<ref name=biskind/> ===Filming=== [[File:.00 1505 1968 Chevrolet Impala.jpg|thumb|A [[Chevrolet Impala (fourth generation)#1968|1968 Chevy Impala convertible]] like this was used for filming ]] The filming budget of ''Easy Rider'' was $360,000 to $400,000.<ref name=BudgetCitations/><ref name=Kiselyak/> Peter Fonda said that on top of this, he personally paid for the costs of travel and lodging for the crew, saying, "Everybody was taking my credit cards and would pay for all the hotels, the food, the gas, everything with Diner's Club".<ref name=Barra2008/><ref name=Kiselyak/> Cinematographer [[László Kovács (cinematographer)|Laszlo Kovacs]] said that an additional $1 million, "about three times the budget for shooting the rest of the film" was spent on the licensed music tracks that were added during the editing.<ref name=Fisher2004/> He already had made two [[outlaw biker film]]s and suggested that a [[Chevrolet Impala (fourth generation)#1968|1968 Chevy Impala convertible]] be purchased to carry his camera smoothly, with speeds not exceeding 25&nbsp;mph. According to associate producer Bill Heyward in interviews included as part of the bonus DVD feature, "Shaking the Cage", Hopper was difficult on set.<ref name=Kiselyak>{{cite AV media |last1=Kiselyak |first1=Charles |title=Shaking the Cage |type=DVD |publisher=Columbia Tristar Pictures |date=1999}}</ref> During test shooting on location in New Orleans, with documentary filmmaker [[Baird Bryant]] on camera,<ref name="LA Times2">{{cite news |date=16 November 2008 |title=Obituary |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-nov-16-me-passings16.s1-story.html |access-date=22 April 2011 |newspaper=LA Times}}</ref> Hopper fought with the production's ad hoc crew for control. At one point, a paranoid Hopper demanded camera operator [[Barry Feinstein]] hand over the footage he shot that day so he could keep it safe with him in his hotel room. Enraged, Feinstein hurled the film cans at Hopper and the two got into a physical confrontation.<ref name=Kiselyak/> After this turmoil, Hopper and Fonda decided to assemble a proper crew for the rest of the film.<ref name="Kiselyak" /> Consequently, the rest of the film was shot on [[35 mm movie film|35mm film]], while the New Orleans sequences were shot on [[16 mm film|16mm film]].<ref name="LA Times">{{cite news |date=16 November 2008 |title=Obituary |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-nov-16-me-passings16.s1-story.html |access-date=22 April 2011 |newspaper=LA Times}}</ref> The hippie commune was recreated from pictures and shot at a site overlooking [[Malibu, California#In popular culture|Malibu Canyon]] on Piuma Canyon Road, since the New Buffalo commune in [[Arroyo Hondo, Taos County, New Mexico|Arroyo Hondo]] near [[Taos, New Mexico]], did not permit shooting there.<ref name="Fisher2004">{{cite magazine| first = Bob | last = Fisher | title = Easy Rider: 35 Years Later; László Kovács on the 35th anniversary of Easy Rider | magazine = Moviemaker | date = June 22, 2004 | url = http://www.moviemaker.com/directing/article/easy_rider_35_years_later_2921/ | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120211125811/http://www.moviemaker.com/directing/article/easy_rider_35_years_later_2921 | archive-date = February 11, 2012 | access-date = 2008-10-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Among the [[Extra (acting)|extras]] who appear in the sequence are actors [[Dan Haggerty]] and [[Carrie Snodgress]], musician [[Jim Sullivan (musician)|Jim Sullivan]], and Fonda's daughter [[Bridget Fonda|Bridget]]. A short clip near the beginning of the film shows Wyatt and Billy on [[U.S. Route 66|Route 66]] in [[Flagstaff, Arizona]], passing a large figure of a lumberjack. That lumberjack statue — once situated in front of the Lumberjack Café — remains in Flagstaff, but now stands inside the [[Walkup Skydome|J. Lawrence Walkup Skydome]] on the campus of [[Northern Arizona University]]. A second, very similar statue was also moved from the Lumberjack Café to the exterior of the Skydome.<ref name="rightpalmup">{{Cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=omHzQwAACAAJ | title = Right Palm Up, Left Palm Down: The Log of a Cross-Country Scavenger Hunt | isbn = 978-0970340771 | last1 = Aldaz | first1 = Gabriel | date = April 2010| publisher = Sparkworks Pub. }}</ref> Most of the film is shot outside with natural lighting. Hopper said all the outdoor shooting was an intentional choice on his part, because "God is a great [[Gaffer (motion picture industry)|gaffer]]." Besides the camera car, the production used two [[Truck classification#Table of US GVWR classifications|five-ton trucks]], one for the equipment and pulling an 750 Amp generator trailer, and one for the up to four motorcycles, with the cast and crew in a motor home.<ref name=Fisher2004/> One of the locations was [[Monument Valley]].<ref name=Fisher2004/> The restaurant scenes with Fonda, Hopper, and Nicholson were shot in [[Morganza, Louisiana]].<ref name=Fisher2004/> The men and girls in that scene were all Morganza locals.<ref name=Fisher2004/> In order to inspire more vitriolic commentary from the local men, Hopper told them the characters of Billy, Wyatt, and George had raped and killed a girl outside of town.<ref name=Kiselyak/> The scene in which Billy and Wyatt were shot was filmed on [[Louisiana Highway 105]] North, just outside [[Krotz Springs, Louisiana|Krotz Springs]], and the two men in the pickup truck—Johnny David and D.C. Billodeau—were Krotz Springs locals. While shooting the cemetery scene, Hopper tried to convince Fonda to talk to the statue of the [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Madonna]] as though it were [[Frances Ford Seymour|Fonda's mother]], who had committed [[suicide]] when he was 10 years old, and ask her why she left him. Although Fonda was reluctant, he eventually complied. Later Fonda used the inclusion of this scene, along with the concluding scene, as leverage to persuade [[Bob Dylan]] to allow the use of [[Roger McGuinn]]'s cover of "[[It's Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)]]".<ref name=Kiselyak/> ===Post-production=== Despite being filmed in the first half of 1968, roughly between [[New Orleans Mardi Gras|Mardi Gras]] and the assassination of [[Robert F. Kennedy]], with production starting on February 22,<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.moviemaker.com/blog/category/this_day_in_indie_history/P100/ |title=This Day in Indie History |magazine=MovieMaker |access-date=2011-01-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907224851/http://www.moviemaker.com/blog/category/this_day_in_indie_history/P100/ |archive-date=2012-09-07 }}</ref> the film did not have a U.S. [[premiere]] until July 1969, after having won an award at the [[Cannes film festival]] in May. The delay was partially due to a protracted editing process. Inspired by ''[[2001: A Space Odyssey (film)|2001: A Space Odyssey]],'' one of Hopper's proposed cuts was 220 minutes long, including extensive use of the "[[Flashforward|flash-forward]]" narrative device, wherein scenes from later in the movie are inserted into the current scene.<ref name=Kiselyak/> Only one flash-forward survives in the final edit: when Wyatt in the New Orleans brothel has a premonition of the final scene. At the request of [[Bob Rafelson]] and [[Bert Schneider]], [[Henry Jaglom]] was brought in to edit the film into its current form, while Schneider purchased a trip to Taos for Hopper so he wouldn't interfere with the recut. Upon seeing the final cut, Hopper was originally displeased, saying that his movie was "turned into a TV show," but he eventually accepted, claiming that Jaglom had crafted the film the way Hopper had originally intended. Despite the large part he played in shaping the film, Jaglom only received credit as an "Editorial Consultant."<ref name=biskind/> It is unclear what the exact running time of original rough cut of the movie was: four hours, four and a half hours, or five hours.<ref name=Kiselyak/> In 1992, the film's producers, Schneider and Rafelson, sued Columbia Pictures over missing negatives, edit footage and damaged prints, holding them negligent concerning these assets. Some of the scenes which were in the original cut but were deleted are:<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Birnbaum |first=Jane |url=http://www.ew.com/article/1992/05/15/easy-rider-controversy |title=The ''Easy Rider'' controversy |magazine=EW.com |date=1992-05-15 |access-date=2015-10-14}}</ref> * The original opening showing Wyatt and Billy performing in a Los Angeles stunt show (their real jobs). * Wyatt and Billy being ripped off by the promoter. * Wyatt and Billy getting in a biker fight. * Wyatt and Billy picking up women at a drive-in. * Wyatt and Billy cruising to and escaping from Mexico to score the cocaine they sell. * An elaborate police and helicopter chase that took place at the beginning after the dope deal with police chasing Wyatt and Billy over mountains and across the Mexican border. * The road trip out of L.A. edited to the full length of [[Steppenwolf (band)|Steppenwolf]]'s "[[Born to Be Wild]]" with billboards along the way offering wry commentary. * Wyatt and Billy being pulled over by a cop while riding their motorcycles across a highway. * Wyatt and Billy encountering a black motorcycle gang. * Ten additional minutes for the volatile café scene in Louisiana where George deftly keeps the peace. * Wyatt and Billy checking into a hotel before going over to Madam Tinkertoy's. * An extended and much longer Madam Tinkertoy sequence. * Extended versions of all the campfire scenes, including the enigmatic finale in which Wyatt says, "We blew it, Billy.". ''Easy Rider'''s style — the jump cuts, time shifts, flash forwards, flashbacks, jerky hand-held cameras, fractured narrative and improvised acting — can be seen as a cinematic translation of the [[psychedelic experience]]. [[Peter Biskind]], author of ''[[Easy Riders, Raging Bulls]]'' wrote: "LSD did create a frame of mind that fractured experience and that LSD experience had an effect on films like ''Easy Rider''."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.laweekly.com/1998-07-09/news/the-trip/full/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206221527/http://www.laweekly.com/1998-07-09/news/the-trip/full/ |archive-date=6 December 2013 |title=The Trip |last=Whalen |first=John |website=[[LA Weekly]] |date=1 July 1998 |access-date=2014-01-13}}</ref> ==Motorcycles== [[File:Bultaco Pursang MK2 250cc 1967 b.JPG|thumb|[[Bultaco]] Pursang]] [[File:Norton Matchless P11 3394595146 2abbb7629d o.jpg|thumb|[[Norton P11]] Ranger]] [[File:Harley-Davidson Museum Easy Rider Captain America Bike.JPG|thumb|Replicas of the Captain America bike and Billy Bike at the [[Harley-Davidson Museum]] in [[Milwaukee]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.harley-davidson.com/en_US/Content/Pages/HD_Museum/explore/exhibits/custom-culture.html |website=[[Harley-Davidson Museum]] |title=Custom Culture |year=2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415200111/http://www.harley-davidson.com/en_US/Content/Pages/HD_Museum/explore/exhibits/custom-culture.html |archive-date=2012-04-15 }}</ref> ]] While ''Easy Rider'' is famous for the Harley-Davidson choppers, the movie actually begins with the characters riding two European-made [[dirt bikes]], Fonda on a red [[Bultaco]] Pursang, Hopper on [[Norton P11]] Ranger. In total, two [[dirt bike]]s, and four former police bikes were used in the film. The 1949, 1950 and 1952 [[Harley-Davidson FL]] ''Hydra-Glide'' bikes were purchased at an auction for $500,<ref name=Wasef2007/> equivalent to about ${{Inflation|US|500|1967|r=-2}} in {{currentyear}}. Each bike had a backup to make sure that shooting could continue in case one of the old machines failed or got wrecked accidentally. The main motorcycles for the film, based on [[Suspension (motorcycle)#Rear suspension|hardtail]] [[motorcycle frame|frames]] and [[Harley-Davidson Panhead engine|panhead engines]], were designed and built by two African American [[Chopper (motorcycle)|chopper]] builders — [[Clifford Vaughs|Cliff Vaughs]] and [[Ben Hardy (motorcycle builder)|Ben Hardy]] — reflecting chopper designs popular among Black motorcyclists at the time, and following ideas of Peter Fonda, and were handled by Tex Hall and [[Dan Haggerty]] during shooting.<ref name=Wasef2007>{{Citation |title= Legendary Motorcycles: The Stories and Bikes Made Famous by Elvis, Peter Fonda, Kenny Roberts and Other Motorcycling Greats |first1= Basem |last1= Wasef |first2= Jay |last2= Leno |author-link2= Jay Leno |publisher= MotorBooks International |year= 2007 |isbn= 978-0-7603-3070-8 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jxWweoxJrxMC&pg=PA47 |pages= 47–52 |access-date= 2011-08-29 }}</ref> One "Captain America" was demolished in the final scene, while the other three were stolen and probably taken apart before their significance as movie [[Theatrical property|props]] became known.<ref name=Wasef2007/> The demolished bike was rebuilt by [[Dan Haggerty]] and offered for auction in October 2014 by Profiles in History, a [[Calabasas, California]]-based auction house with an estimated value of $1–1.2 million. The provenance of existing Captain America motorcycles is unclear, and has been the subject of much litigation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maxim.com/entertainment/battle-over-captain-america-chopper-easy-rider|title=The Battle Over Captain America, the Chopper from "Easy Rider" |date=10 April 2015 |website=Maxim}}</ref> The [[EMP Museum]] in [[Seattle]] identified a Captain America chopper displayed there as a rebuilt original movie prop. Many replicas have been made since the film's release, including examples at the [[Deutsches Zweirad- und NSU-Museum]] (Germany), [[National Motorcycle Museum (Anamosa, Iowa)|National Motorcycle Museum]] (Iowa), [[Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum]] (Alabama), and [[Harley-Davidson Museum]] (Milwaukee).<ref name=Wasef2007/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barbermuseum.org/|title=The Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum |website=barbermuseum.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalmcmuseum.org/captain-america-tribute-harley-davidson/|title="Captain America" Tribute Harley-Davidson|website=www.nationalmcmuseum.org|date=8 July 2016}}</ref> Hopper and Fonda hosted a [[wrap party]] for the movie and then realized they had not yet shot the final campfire scene. Thus, it was shot after the bikes had already been stolen, which is why they are not visible in the background as in the other campfire scenes.<ref name=biskind>{{cite book|title=[[Easy Riders, Raging Bulls]]|last=Biskind |first=Peter|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|year=1998|author-link=Peter Biskind|isbn=978-0-684-80996-0}}</ref><ref name=Wasef2007/> ==Reception and legacy== [[File:Peter Fonda's American Flag Patch.jpg|thumb|Peter Fonda's American Flag patch, which sold for $89,625 in 2007]] ===Critical reception=== The film received mostly positive reviews from critics. [[Vincent Canby]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' called it "pretty but lower case cinema" despite the "upper case" "pious statement about our society which is sick". He was mildly impressed by the photography, rock score and Nicholson's performance.<ref>{{cite news|work=[[The New York Times]]|last=Canby|first=Vincent|author-link=Vincent Canby|date=July 15, 1969|title=Easy Rider film review}}</ref> [[Penelope Gilliatt]] in ''[[The New Yorker]]'' said that it "speaks tersely and aptly for this American age, that is both the best of times and the worst of times."<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title=Bedsprings, Alienation, Psycho Killer|date=July 23, 1969|page=19}}</ref> [[Roger Ebert]] added ''Easy Rider'' to his "Great Movies" list in 2004.<ref>{{cite news|first=Roger |last=Ebert |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-easy-rider-1969 |title=A cinematic snapshot of the '60s |date=October 24, 2004}}</ref> ''Easy Rider'' holds an 84% rating on [[Rotten Tomatoes]] based on 55 reviews, with an average rating of 7.70/10. The site's consensus states: "Edgy and seminal, ''Easy Rider'' encapsulates the dreams, hopes, and hopelessness of 1960s counterculture."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/easy_rider|title = Easy Rider|website = [[Rotten Tomatoes]] }}</ref> ===Box office=== The film opened on July 14, 1969, at the Beekman theater in New York City, and grossed a house record of $40,422 in its first week.<ref name=chart>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title=Rain, Moon Monday Balance B'way; 'Daddy,' 'Rider' Good 40G Starts; 'Midnight Cowboy', 8th, Wham 48G|date=July 23, 1969|page=8}}</ref> It grossed even more the following week with $46,609.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title='Castle Keep' Whammy 94G, B'Way; 'Easy Rider' Amazing At 46G, 2d; Warhol's Beddy-Bye a Mop-Up|date=July 30, 1969|page=11}}</ref> In its fourteenth week of release, it was the number one film at the U.S. box office and remained there for three weeks.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title=50 Top-Grossing Films|date=October 29, 1969|page=11}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title=50 Top-Grossing Films|date=November 12, 1969|page=13}}</ref> It was the [[1969 in film|fourth highest-grossing film of 1969]], with a worldwide gross of $60 million, including $41.7 million domestically in the U.S. and Canada.<ref name="box office"/><ref name="numbers">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1969/0ERID.php|website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|title=''Easy Rider''|access-date=February 26, 2012}}</ref> ===Accolades=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |- ! Award ! Category ! Nominee(s) ! Result |- | rowspan="2"| [[42nd Academy Awards|Academy Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1970 |title=The 42nd Academy Awards |access-date=6 July 2017 |website=oscars.org |date=October 4, 2014 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]}}</ref> | [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] | [[Jack Nicholson]] | {{nom}} |- | [[Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]] | [[Peter Fonda]], [[Dennis Hopper]] and [[Terry Southern]] | {{nom}} |- | [[23rd British Academy Film Awards|British Academy Film Awards]] | [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role|Best Actor in a Supporting Role]] | Jack Nicholson | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2"| [[1969 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes Film Festival]]<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/2517/year/1969.html |title=Festival de Cannes: Easy Rider |access-date=2009-04-05|website=festival-cannes.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404235952/https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/films/easy-rider |archive-date=April 4, 2023}}</ref> | [[Palme d'Or]] | rowspan="3"| Dennis Hopper | {{nom}} |- | Best First Work | {{won}} |- | [[22nd Directors Guild of America Awards|Directors Guild of America Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dga.org/Awards/History/1960s/1969.aspx?value=1969|title=22nd Annual Directors Guild of America Awards|website=DGA.org}}</ref> | [[Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film|Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures]] | {{nom}} |- | [[27th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Awards]] | [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture]] | rowspan="2"| Jack Nicholson | {{nom}} |- | Kansas City Film Circle Critics Awards | Best Supporting Actor | {{won}} |- | [[Kinema Junpo|Kinema Junpo Awards]] | Best Foreign Language Film | Dennis Hopper | {{won}} |- | rowspan="5"| [[Laurel Awards]] | colspan="2"| Best Drama | {{draw|5th Place}} |- | Top Male Supporting Performance | Jack Nicholson | {{won}} |- | Top Cinematographer | [[László Kovács (cinematographer)|László Kovács]] | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2"| Male New Face | Peter Fonda | {{nom}} |- | Dennis Hopper | {{draw|5th Place}} |- | [[National Film Preservation Board]] | colspan="2"| [[National Film Registry]] | {{won|Inducted}} |- | rowspan="2"| [[1969 National Society of Film Critics Awards|National Society of Film Critics Awards]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Weiler|first1=A. H.|title=National Film Critics Crown 'Z,' Jon Voight, Miss Redgrave|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/01/06/archives/national-film-critics-crown-z-jon-voight-miss-redgrave.html|accessdate=3 January 2018|work=The New York Times|date=6 January 1970}}</ref> | [[National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] | Jack Nicholson | {{won}} |- | Special Award | Dennis Hopper <small>("For his achievements as director, co-writer and co-star.")</small> | {{won}} |- | [[1969 New York Film Critics Circle Awards|New York Film Critics Circle Awards]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Weiler|first1=A. H.|title='Z' Voted Best Film of 1969 by Critics Here; Jane Fonda and Jon Voight Capture Acting Honor|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/12/30/archives/z-voted-best-film-of-1969-by-critics-here-jane-fonda-and-jon-voight.html|accessdate=29 December 2017|work=The New York Times|date=30 December 1969}}</ref> | [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] | Jack Nicholson | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3"| [[9th Golden Satellite Awards|Satellite Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pressacademy.com/satawards/awards2005a.shtml |title=2005 Satellite Awards - New Media |website=[[International Press Academy]] |access-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202161512/http://www.pressacademy.com/satawards/awards2005a.shtml |archive-date=2008-02-02}}</ref> | colspan="2"| [[Satellite Award for Best Classic DVD|Best Classic DVD]] | {{nom}} |- | colspan="2"| [[Satellite Award for Best DVD Extras|Best DVD Extras]] | {{nom}} |- | colspan="2"| [[Satellite Award for Outstanding Overall Blu-Ray/DVD|Outstanding Overall DVD]] | {{nom}} |- | [[22nd Writers Guild of America Awards|Writers Guild of America Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wga.org/awards/awardssub.aspx?id=1551|title=Awards Winners|work=wga.org|publisher=Writers Guild of America|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205095022/http://www.wga.org/awards/awardssub.aspx?id=1551|archive-date=2012-12-05|access-date=2010-06-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen]] | Peter Fonda, Dennis Hopper and Terry Southern | {{nom}} |} In 1998, ''Easy Rider'' was added to the United States [[National Film Registry]], having been deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."<ref name="Registry" /> In April 2019, a restored version of the film was selected to be shown in the Cannes Classics section at the [[2019 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Cannes Classics 2019 |url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/press/press-articles/communique/articles/cannes-classics-2019-1 |website=Festival de Cannes |access-date=26 April 2019 |date=26 April 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426215446/https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/press/press-articles/communique/articles/cannes-classics-2019-1 |archive-date=April 26, 2019}}</ref> '''[[American Film Institute]] Lists''' * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies]] – #88<ref>{{cite web |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies |url=https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-movies/?id=1402325 |website=AFI.com |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs]]: "[[Born to Be Wild]]" – #29<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-songs/?id=1751232|title=AFI's 100 Years... 100 Songs|access-date=June 22, 2024|website=AFI.com}}</ref> * [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)]] – #84<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-movies-10th-anniversary-edition/?id=1751834|title=AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies — 10th Anniversary Edition|access-date=June 22, 2024|website=AFI.com}}</ref> ===Significance=== [[File:Photography by Victor Albert Grigas (1919-2017) CHICAGO 1250 img 002 (39291637225).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Posters of Peter Fonda on his motorcycle from Easy Rider for sale in a store in [[Old Town, Chicago|Chicago]] circa 1970.]] Along with ''[[Bonnie and Clyde (film)|Bonnie and Clyde]]'' and ''[[The Graduate]]'', ''Easy Rider'' helped kick-start the [[New Hollywood]] era during the late 1960s and 1970s.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news | title = Easy Rider (1969) | url = https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/15197/Easy-Rider/overview | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071103010136/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/15197/Easy-Rider/overview | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2007-11-03 | access-date = 2008-10-18| first=Vincent| department = Movies & TV Dept. | work = [[The New York Times]] | author-link = Vincent Canby | date = 2007 | last=Canby}}</ref> The major studios realized that money could be made from low-budget films made by [[avant-garde]] directors. Heavily influenced by the [[French New Wave]], the films of the so-called "post-classical Hollywood" came to represent a counterculture generation increasingly disillusioned with its government as well as the government's effects on the world at large and the establishment in general.<ref name="nytimes"/> Although [[Jack Nicholson]] appears only as a supporting actor and in the last half of the film, the standout performance signaled his arrival as a movie star,<ref name="nytimes"/> along with his subsequent film ''[[Five Easy Pieces]]'' in which he had the lead role. [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Spiro Agnew]] criticized ''Easy Rider'', along with the band [[Jefferson Airplane]], as examples of the permissiveness of the 1960s counterculture.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945–1974 |first=James T. |last= Patterson |author-link= James T. Patterson (historian) |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year= 1996 |isbn= 9780195076806 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-bE23kRusDkC&pg=PP780 |access-date= January 15, 2015 }}</ref> The film's success, and the new era of Hollywood that it helped usher in, gave Hopper the chance to direct again with complete artistic control. The result was 1971's ''[[The Last Movie]]'', which was a notable box office and critical failure, effectively ending Hopper's career as a director for well over a decade.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} It also gave Fonda the chance to direct with ''[[The Hired Hand]]'', although he rarely produced again.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Filmink|first=Stephen|last=Vagg|url=https://www.filmink.com.au/peter-fonda-10-phases-acting/|title=Peter Fonda – 10 Phases of Acting|date=October 26, 2019 }}</ref> ==Music== {{Main|Easy Rider (soundtrack)}} The movie was financed with money made from [[the Monkees]], and features a cameo of record producer [[Phil Spector]] in the opening scenes, but neither provided any music. The "groundbreaking" soundtrack featured popular rock artists including [[the Band]], [[the Byrds]], [[the Jimi Hendrix Experience]], and [[Steppenwolf (band)|Steppenwolf]].<ref name="salon">{{cite web |title = The greatest week in rock history |website = Salon |date = 2003-12-19 |url = http://dir.salon.com/story/ent/feature/2003/12/19/rock/index.html |access-date = 2008-10-19 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081202050513/http://dir.salon.com/story/ent/feature/2003/12/19/rock/index.html |archive-date = 2008-12-02 }}</ref> Editor and negative cutter Donn Cambern used various music from his own record collection to make watching up to 80 hours of bike footage more interesting during editing.<ref name=Fisher2004/> Most of Cambern's music was used, with licensing costs of $1 million, triple the film's budget.<ref name=Fisher2004/> The film's extensive use of pop and rock music for the soundtrack was similar to what had recently been used for 1967's ''[[The Graduate]]'', including songs been used more than once, or being adapted for the movie. [[Bob Dylan]] was asked to contribute music, but was reluctant to use his own recording of "[[It's Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)]]", so a version performed by [[Byrds]] frontman [[Roger McGuinn]] was used instead. Also, instead of writing an entirely new song for the film, Dylan simply wrote out the first verse of "[[Ballad of Easy Rider]]" and told the filmmakers, "Give this to McGuinn, he'll know what to do with it."<ref name="Easy Rider">{{cite web|title=Easy Rider|url=http://www.criterion.com/films/27528-easy-rider|website=The Criterion Collection}}</ref> McGuinn completed the song and performed it in the film. Originally, Peter Fonda had intended the band [[Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young|Crosby, Stills, Nash, & Young]] to write an entirely original soundtrack for the film, but this failed to materialize for two reasons.<ref name="UCR">{{cite web|last=Mastropolo |first=Frank |url=http://ultimateclassicrock.com/easy-rider-soundtrack/ |title=The Story of the Groundbreaking ''Easy Rider'' Soundtrack |website=Ultimate Classic Rock |date=July 14, 2014}}</ref> For one, Cambern edited the footage much more closely to what were only meant as temporary tracks than was customary at the time, which led to everyone involved finding them much more suited to the material than they had originally thought. Also, upon watching a screening of the film with Cambern's edits, the group felt they could not improve on the music that was used.<ref name=Kiselyak/> On the other hand, Hopper increasingly got control over every aspect over the course of the project and decided to throw CSNY out behind Fonda's back, telling the band as an excuse, "Look, you guys are really good musicians, but honestly, anybody who rides in a limo can't comprehend my movie, so I'm gonna have to say no to this, and if you guys try to get in the studio again, I may have to cause you some bodily harm."<ref name="UCR" /> Inspired by the movie, Hendrix later wrote a song "[[Ezy Ryder]]", with lyrics reflecting the film's themes, while [[Iron Butterfly]] wrote "[[Metamorphosis (Iron Butterfly album)|Easy Rider (Let the Wind Pay the Way)]]". ==Home media== The film was first released to DVD on December 7, 1999 as a Special Edition from Columbia Pictures. Special features included an audio commentary track with Dennis Hopper; the documentary ''Easy Rider: Shaking the Cage'' (1999); production notes; and new interviews with Peter Fonda and Hopper.<ref name="Hughes">{{cite web |last1=Hughes |first1=Chris |title=Easy Rider |url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/229/easy-rider/ |website=DVD Talk |access-date=24 October 2023 |date=January 1, 2000}}</ref> It received a Blu-ray release on October 20, 2009.<ref name="Releases">{{cite web |title=Easy Rider - Releases |url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/easy-rider-vm472277/releases |website=AllMovie |access-date=24 October 2023}}</ref> In November 2010, the film was digitally remastered and released by [[The Criterion Collection]] as part of the box set ''America Lost and Found: The BBS Story''. It included features from previous DVD releases; the documentary ''Born to Be Wild'' (1995); television excerpts showing Hopper and Fonda at the Cannes Film Festival; and a new video interview with [[Raybert Productions#Offshoot production companies|BBS]] co-founder [[Stephen Blauner]].<ref name="Easy Rider"/> On November 23, 2014, a Blu-ray SteelBook was released.<ref name=Releases/> On May 3, 2016, Criterion re-released ''Easy Rider'' as a 2-disc collection.<ref name=Releases/> == Sequel == In 2012, a sequel to the movie was released, titled ''[[Easy Rider: The Ride Back]]'' and directed by Dustin Rikert.<ref>{{cite AV media|title=[[Easy Rider: The Ride Back]] |year=2012}}</ref> The film is about the family of Wyatt "Captain America" Williams from the 1940s to the present day. No members of the original cast or crew were involved with the film, which was produced and written by amateur filmmaker Phil Pitzer, who had purchased the sequel rights to ''Easy Rider''.<ref name="rideback">{{cite web|last1=Rabin|first1=Nathan|title=Yes, there's an ''Easy Rider'' sequel, and yes, it's awful|url=https://thedissolve.com/features/you-might-also-like/486-yes-theres-an-easy-rider-sequel-and-yes-its-awful/|website=The Dissolve|access-date=17 February 2018}}</ref> Pitzer also pursued legal action against [[Bob Rafelson]] and [[Bert Schneider]] in order to block them from reclaiming the rights to the film.<ref name="rideback"/> ==See also== * [[List of American films of 1969]] * [[List of films featuring hallucinogens]] * [[American Dream]] * [[Hippie exploitation films]] * [[Method acting]] * [[Outlaw biker film]] * [[List of films related to the hippie subculture]] ==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="box office">{{cite web|url=http://www.worldwideboxoffice.com/movie.cgi?title=Easy%20Rider&year=1969 |title=Easy Rider, Worldwide Box Office Gross |website=Worldwide Box Office |access-date=July 18, 2014}}</ref> <ref name=Mills>{{Cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_0HiZgR4HaQC&pg=PA122 |title= The Road Story and the Rebel: Moving Through Film, Fiction, and Television |first= Katie |last= Mills |pages= 122–123 |publisher= [[Southern Illinois University Press]] |year= 2006 |isbn= 9780809388172 |access-date= December 22, 2013 }}</ref> <ref name=Laderman2010>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JisxuNctrxsC&pg=PT43 |title= Driving Visions: Exploring the Road Movie |first= David |last= Laderman |publisher= [[University of Texas Press]] |year= 2010 |isbn=9780292777903 |access-date= December 22, 2013 |pages=143–144 }}</ref> <ref name=Boyd2009>{{Cite book |title= Hooked: Drug War Films in Britain, Canada, and the United States |first= Susan C. |last= Boyd |date= September 2009 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7sJyTzw65ssC&pg=PA68 |page= 68 |access-date= December 22, 2013 |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |isbn= 9781442610170 }}</ref> <ref name=BudgetCitations> * $360,000, {{Cite web |url= http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=easyrider.htm |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |title= Easy Rider}} * $375,000, {{Cite news |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-07-10-ca-14039-story.html |title= Film Comment: How We've Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Reissue: The restored 'Dr. Strangelove' remains a potent film after 30 years |date=July 10, 1994 |first=Kenneth |last=Turan }} * $400,000, {{cite book | last = Osgerby | first = Bill | title = Biker: Truth and Myth: How the Original Cowboy of the Road Became the Easy Rider of the Silver Screen | publisher = Globe Pequot | year = 2005 | isbn = 1-59228-841-3 |page=62}} * $400,000, {{IMDb title|id=0064276}} </ref> <ref name=Barra2008>{{Cite book|title= Declarations of Independence: American Cinema and the Partiality of Independent Production |publisher=Intellect Books |year= 2008|first= John |last= Berra |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=6In5Ir1kQpAC&pg=PA37 |page=37 |isbn=9781841501857 }}</ref> }} '''Bibliography''' {{refbegin}} * {{cite book | last = Aldaz | first = Gabriel | title = Right Palm Up, Left Palm Down: The Log of a Cross-Country Scavenger Hunt | publisher = SparkWorks | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-0-9703407-7-1 }} * {{cite book | editor-last1 = Carr | editor-first1 = Jay | title = The A List: The National Society of Film Critics' 100 Essential Films | publisher = Da Capo Press | year = 2002 | isbn = 0-306-81096-4 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/alistnationalsoc00jayc }} * {{cite book | last = Hill | first = Lee | title = Easy Rider | publisher = [[British Film Institute]] | year = 1996 | isbn = 0-85170-543-X | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/easyrider0000hill }} * {{cite web|last=Hoberman |first=J. |author-link=J. Hoberman |url=http://www.criterion.com/current/posts/1671-one-big-real-place-bbs-from-head-to-hearts |title=One Big Real Place: BBS From ''Head'' to ''Hearts'' |date=November 28, 2010 |website=Criterion Collection}} * {{cite book | last = Klinger | first = Barbara | editor = Steven Cohan, Ina Rae Hark | chapter = The Road to Dystopia: Landscaping the Nation in Easy Rider | title = The Road Movie Book | location = New York | publisher = Routledge | year = 1997 | isbn = 0-415-14936-3 }} * {{cite book | last = Lev | first = Peter | title = American Films of the 70s: Conflicting Visions | publisher = University of Texas Press | year = 2000 | url = https://archive.org/details/americanfilmsof700levp | isbn = 0-292-74716-0 | url-access = registration }} * {{cite web|last=Phipps |first=Keith |date=November 16, 2009 |website=[[Slate.com]] |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2233176/entry/2233171/ |title=The ''Easy Rider'' Road Trip: Retracing the Path of the Iconic Movie on Its 40th Anniversary}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/roadmoviesbib.html#easyrider |title=Road Movies: A Bibliography of Materials in the UCB Library |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503101358/http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/roadmoviesbib.html |archive-date=2012-05-03 |via=[[UC Berkeley]]}} * {{cite web|last=Zoller Seitz |first=Matt |author-link=Matt Zoller Seitz |url=http://www.criterion.com/current/posts/1667-easy-rider-wild-at-heart |title=''Easy Rider'': Wild at Heart |date=November 23, 2010 |website=Criterion Collection}} {{refend}} '''Further reading''' * {{cite news|last=Christgau|first=Robert|author-link=Robert Christgau|issue=July 24|year=1969|url=http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/rock/movie-69.php|title=Movie Music|newspaper=[[The Village Voice]]|location=New York}} ==External links== {{wikiquote|Easy Rider}} {{Commons category|Easy Rider (film)}} {{wikivoyage}} * {{IMDb title|0064276}} * {{TCMDb title|id=73859}} * {{rotten-tomatoes|easy_rider}} * {{allMovie title|15197}} * {{AFI film|19428}} * [https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-film-preservation-board/documents/easy_rider.pdf ''Easy Rider'' essay] on the [[National Film Registry]] site by William Wolf * ''Easy Rider'' essay by Daniel Eagan in America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry, A&C Black, 2010 {{ISBN|0826429777}}, pp.&nbsp;649–651 [https://books.google.com/books?id=deq3xI8OmCkC&source=gbs_similarbooks] * [https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/1667-easy-rider-wild-at-heart ''Easy Rider'': Wild at Heart], an essay by [[Matt Zoller Seitz]] at the [[Criterion Collection]] {{Dennis Hopper}} {{Peter Fonda}} {{Terry Southern}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:1969 films]] [[Category:1969 drama films]] [[Category:1969 independent films]] [[Category:1960s drama road movies]] [[Category:American drama road movies]] [[Category:American independent films]] [[Category:Columbia Pictures films]] [[Category:1960s English-language films]] [[Category:Films about hallucinogens]] [[Category:Films about the illegal drug trade]] [[Category:Films directed by Dennis Hopper]] [[Category:Films set in Arizona]] [[Category:Films set in California]] [[Category:Films set in Louisiana]] [[Category:Films set in New Mexico]] [[Category:Films set in New Orleans]] [[Category:Films set in Texas]] [[Category:Films shot in Arizona]] [[Category:Films shot in California]] [[Category:Films shot in Louisiana]] [[Category:Films shot in Malibu, California]] [[Category:Films shot in New Mexico]] [[Category:Films shot in New Orleans]] [[Category:Films shot in Utah]] [[Category:Films set in Malibu, California]] [[Category:Films set in Utah]] [[Category:Hippie films]] [[Category:Motorcycling films]] [[Category:Outlaw biker films]] [[Category:Psychedelic films]] [[Category:Films with screenplays by Dennis Hopper]] [[Category:Films with screenplays by Terry Southern]] [[Category:United States National Film Registry films]] 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